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Ebert M, Lange A, Müller M, Wuckert E, Gießelmann F, Klamroth T, Zens A, Taubert A, Laschat S. Counterion effects on the mesomorphic and electrochemical properties of guanidinium salts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11988-12002. [PMID: 38573315 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00356j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) combine the ion mobility of ionic liquids with the order and self-assembly of thermotropic mesophases. To understand the role of the anion in ILCs, wedge-shaped arylguanidinium salts with tetradecyloxy side chains were chosen as benchmark systems and their liquid crystalline self-assembly in the bulk phase as well as their electrochemical behavior in solution were studied depending on the anion. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and X-ray diffraction (WAXS, SAXS) experiments revealed that for spherical anions, the phase width of the hexagonal columnar mesophase increased with the anion size, while for non-spherical anions, the trends were less clear cut. Depending on the anion, the ILCs showed different stability towards electrochemical oxidation and reduction with the most stable being the PF6 based compound. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest a possible contribution of the guanidinium cation to the oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Ebert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Alyna Lange
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Golm 14476, Germany.
| | - Michael Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Eugen Wuckert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Frank Gießelmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Tillmann Klamroth
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Golm 14476, Germany.
| | - Anna Zens
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Andreas Taubert
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Golm 14476, Germany.
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
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2
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Huang S, Zheng J, Jiang Z, Liu J, Liu Y. Exploring the supramolecular chemistry of cyclopropeniums: halogen-bonding-induced electrostatic assembly of polymers. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9820-9826. [PMID: 37736651 PMCID: PMC10510819 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03086e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring new noncovalent synthons for supramolecular assembly is essential for material innovation. Accordingly, we herein report a unique type of cyclopropenium-based supramolecular motif and demonstrate its applications to polymer self-assembly. Because of the "ion pair strain" effect, trisaminocyclopropenium iodides complex strongly with fluoroiodobenzene derivatives, forming stable adducts. Crystal structure analysis reveals that halogen-bonding between the iodide anion and the iodo substituent of the fluoroiodobenzene is the driving force for the formation of these electrostatically complexed adducts. Such halogen-bonding-induced electrostatic interactions were further successfully applied to drive the assembly of polymers in solution, on surfaces, and in bulk, demonstrating their potential for constructing supramolecular polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jianlin Zheng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Zihao Jiang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jiaxiong Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yiliu Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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3
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Holthoff JM, Engelage E, Ruff A, Galazzo L, Bordignon E, Huber SM, Weiss R. A Potent Auto-Umpolung Ligand for Conjugative Radical Stabilization. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203149. [PMID: 36239437 PMCID: PMC10099569 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbenes with conjugatively connected redox system act as "auto-umpolung" ligands. Due to their electronic flexibility, they should also be particularly suitable to stabilize open-shell species. Herein, the first neutral radical of such sort is described in form of a dialkylamino-substituted bis(dicyanomethylene)cyclopropanide. Despite the absence of steric shielding, the radical is stable for an extended amount of time and was consequently characterized in solution via EPR measurements. These data and accompanying X-ray structural analyses indicate that the radical species is in equilibrium with aggregates (formed via π-stacking) and dimers (obtained via σ-bond formation between methylene carbons).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana M Holthoff
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Elric Engelage
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Adrian Ruff
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,PPG Packaging Analytical Labs, PPG Deutschland Business Support GmbH, Erlenbrunnenstr. 20, 72411, Bodelshausen, Germany
| | - Laura Galazzo
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Physical Chemistry (Sciences II), Université de Genève 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Enrica Bordignon
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Physical Chemistry (Sciences II), Université de Genève 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Stefan M Huber
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert Weiss
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Photodimerization induced hierarchical and asymmetric iontronic micropatterns. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6487. [PMID: 36310180 PMCID: PMC9618565 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Micropatterning various ion-based modality materials offers compelling advantages for functionality enhancement in iontronic pressure sensing, piezoionic mechanoreception, and skin-interfaced electrode adhesion. However, most existing patterning techniques for iontronic materials suffer from low flexibility and limited modulation capability. Herein, we propose a facile and robust method to fabricate hierarchical and asymmetrical iontronic micropatterns (denoted as HAIMs) through programmed regulation of the internal stress distribution and the local ionic migration among an iontronic host. The resultant HAIMs with arbitrarily regulated morphologies and region-dependent ionic electrical performance can be readily made via localized photodimerization of an anthracene-functionalized ionic liquid copolymer (denoted as An-PIL) and subsequent vapor oxidative polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT). Based on the piezoionic effect within the resultant distinct doped PEDOT, HAIMs can serve as a scalable iontronic potential generator. Successful syntheses of these fascinating micropatterns may accelerate the development of patterned iontronic materials in a flexible, programmable, and functionally adaptive form.
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5
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Khajeh A, Rahman MH, Liu T, Panwar P, Menezes PL, Martini A. Thermal decomposition of phosphonium salicylate and phosphonium benzoate ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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6
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Yang Q, Zhang Q, Zhu S, Cai W. Exploration of Ion Transport in Blends of an Ionic Liquid and a Polymerized Ionic Liquid Graft Copolymer. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:716-722. [PMID: 35042331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared a composite membrane consisting of a poly(1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium-tetrafluoroborate) (poly([BVIM]-[BF4])) polymerized ionic liquid graft copolymer (PILGC) and a blend of PILGC and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]-[BF4]) ionic liquid (IL) to explore techniques for improving the conductivity of PILGCs, which is normally three orders of magnitude lower than that of ILs. PILGCs, which are environmentally friendly, have attracted much interest. To gain a better understanding of ion transport in composites, the mechanisms of ion transport in composite components should be explored. We investigated anion transport in ILs and PILGCs and were able to obtain the correct ion transport mechanisms in IL-PILGC blends based on a previous work. We performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which are commonly used to investigate molecular mechanisms. According to the MD simulation results, in most IL-PILGC blends of various compositions, the contributions of cations are greater than those of anions. This is one reason that blends have higher conductivities than their component PILGCs. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to identify ion transport mechanisms in PILGCs and their blends with ILs by exploring subdiffusive ion motion regimes. The ratio of the number of cages with more than three cationic branch chains in the blend with 50 wt % PILGC, the blend with 80 wt % PILGC, and the PILGC was 0.26:0.39:0.65. Therefore, the ratio of firm cages gets a promotion as the PILGC content increases. Because the ratio of fast ions decreases as the ratio of firm cages increases, the blend with 80 wt % PILGC has lower anion diffusivities than the blend with 50 wt % PILGC. It was inappropriate to probe ion transport in PILGCs (or IL-PILGC blends) solely via analyzing ion association interactions. Analysis of only ion association interactions led to the incorrect conclusion that the time scales of ion transport in PILGCs are given by the continuous ion association time, which is the time when the ion association remains paired rather than the time when an ion is caught inside a cage. Proper methods should be used to obtain more accurate theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shenlin Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weibin Cai
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
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7
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Huang S, Su X, Wu Y, Xiong XG, Liu Y. Promoting halogen-bonding catalyzed living radical polymerization through ion-pair strain. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11352-11359. [PMID: 36320570 PMCID: PMC9533465 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04196k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering efficient catalysts is highly desired in expanding the application of halogen-bonding catalysis. We herein report our findings on applying triaminocyclopropenium (TAC) iodides as highly potent catalysts for halogen-bonding catalyzed living radical polymerization. Promoted by the unique effect of ion-pair strain between the TAC cation and the iodide anion, the TAC iodides showed high catalytic efficiency in the halogen-bonding catalysis toward radical generation, and surpassed the previously reported organic iodide catalysts. With the TAC iodide as catalyst, radical polymerization with a living feature was successfully realized, which shows general applicability with a variety of monomers and produced block copolymers. In addition, the TAC-iodides also showed promising feasibility in catalyzing the radical depolymerization of iodo-terminated polymethacrylates. Noteworthily, the catalytic capacity of the TAC iodides is demonstrated to be closely related to the electronic properties of the TAC cation, which offers a molecular platform for further catalyst screening and optimization. Promoted by the unique effect of ion-pair strain between the triaminocyclopropenium (TAC) cation and its iodide counter-anion, the TAC iodides showed high catalytic efficiency in the halogen-bonding catalysis toward radical polymerization.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinjian Su
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanzhen Wu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiao-Gen Xiong
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yiliu Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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8
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Mikhailov IE, Dushenko GA, Minkin VI. Pentacarboxycyclopentadienes in Organic Synthesis. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021110014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Zhang Z, Lin D, Ganesan V. Mechanisms of ion transport in lithium salt‐doped polymeric ionic liquid electrolytes at higher salt concentrations. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Zhang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
| | - Dachey Lin
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
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10
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Ranga PK, Ahmad F, Singh G, Tyagi A, Vijaya Anand R. Recent advances in the organocatalytic applications of cyclopropene- and cyclopropenium-based small molecules. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9541-9564. [PMID: 34704583 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01549d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel small molecule-based catalysts for organic transformations has increased noticeably in the last two decades. A very recent addition to this particular research area is cyclopropene- and cyclopropenium-based catalysts. At one point in time, particularly in the mid-20th century, much attention was focused on the structural aspects and physical properties of cyclopropene-based compounds. However, a paradigm shift was observed in the late 20th century, and the focus shifted to the synthetic utility of these compounds. In fact, a wide range of cyclopropene derivatives have been found serving as valuable synthons for the construction of carbocycles, heterocycles and other useful organic compounds. In the last few years, the catalytic applications of cyclopropene/cyclopropenium-based compounds have been uncovered and many synthetic protocols have been developed using cyclopropene-based compounds as organocatalysts. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to highlight recent developments in the catalytic applications of cyclopropene-based small molecules in different areas of organocatalysis such as phase-transfer catalysis (PTC), Brønsted base catalysis, hydrogen-bond donor catalysis, nucleophilic carbene catalysis, and electrophotocatalysis developed within the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavit K Ranga
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Feroz Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Akshi Tyagi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Ramasamy Vijaya Anand
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
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11
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Brouwer T, Kersten SR, Bargeman G, Schuur B. trends in solvent impact on infinite dilution activity coefficients of solutes reviewed and visualized using an algorithm to support selection of solvents for greener fluid separations. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Chen TL, Lathrop PM, Sun R, Elabd YA. Lithium-Ion Transport in Poly(ionic liquid) Diblock Copolymer Electrolytes: Impact of Salt Concentration and Cation and Anion Chemistry. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ling Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Patrick M. Lathrop
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yossef A. Elabd
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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13
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Polarization of ionic liquid and polymer and its implications for polymerized ionic liquids: An overview towards a new theory and simulation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Banerjee P, Pal P, Ghosh A, Mandal TK. Ion transport and relaxation in phosphonium poly(ionic liquid) homo‐ and
co‐polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palash Banerjee
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata India
| | - Pulak Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata India
| | - Aswini Ghosh
- School of Physical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata India
| | - Tarun K. Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata India
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15
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Ranga PK, Ahmad F, Nager P, Rana PS, Vijaya Anand R. Bis(amino)cyclopropenium Ion as a Hydrogen-Bond Donor Catalyst for 1,6-Conjugate Addition Reactions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4994-5010. [PMID: 33721500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic application of the bis(amino)cyclopropenium ion has been investigated in conjugate addition reactions. The hydrogen atom, which is attached to the cyclopropene ring of bis(amino)cyclopropenium salts, is moderately acidic and can potentially serve as a hydrogen-bond donor catalyst in some organic transformations. This hypothesis has been successfully realized in the 1,6-conjugate addition reactions of p-quinone methides with various nucleophiles such as indole, 2-naphthol, thiols, phenols, and so forth. The spectroscopic studies (NMR and UV-vis) as well as the deuterium isotope labeling studies clearly revealed that the hydrogen atom (C-H) that is present in the cyclopropene ring of the catalyst is indeed solely responsible for catalyzing these transformations. In addition, these studies also strongly indicate that the C-H hydrogen of the cyclopropene ring activates the carbonyl group of the p-quinone methide through hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavit Kumar Ranga
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Manauli (P.O.), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Feroz Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Manauli (P.O.), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Prashant Nager
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Manauli (P.O.), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Prabhat Singh Rana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Manauli (P.O.), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Ramasamy Vijaya Anand
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Manauli (P.O.), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
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16
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Liu H, Luo X, Sokolov AP, Paddison SJ. Quantitative Evidence of Mobile Ion Hopping in Polymerized Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:372-381. [PMID: 33393762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations were performed, and an extensive set of analyses were undertaken to understand the ion transport mechanism in the polymerized ionic liquid poly(C2VIm)Tf2N. The ion hopping events were investigated at different time scales. Ion hopping was examined by monitoring the instantaneous cation-anion association and dissociation. Ion diffusion was subsequently evaluated with correlation functions and the calculation of relaxation times at different time scales. Dynamical heterogeneity in the mobility of the ions was observed with only a small portion of the anions classified as fast mobile ions. The mobile ions were characterized as the ones traveling farther than a certain distance during a characteristic period, which was much longer than the time scale of the instant ion pair dissociation. Effective hopping of the mobile ions contributed to the diffusivity which was dominated by interchain hopping and generally facilitated with five associating cations from two different polymer chains. Mobile anions had relatively fewer associating cations from more associating chains than immobile anions. The stringlike cooperative motion was observed in the mobile anions. The string length was determined to decrease with increasing temperature. These findings provided an in-depth understanding of the ion transport in polymerized ionic liquids and important information for the rational design of novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Xubo Luo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Alexei P Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Stephen J Paddison
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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17
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Shen KH, Hall LM. Effects of Ion Size and Dielectric Constant on Ion Transport and Transference Number in Polymer Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hsuan Shen
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Lisa M. Hall
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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18
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Abstract
Solid-state polymer electrolytes and high-concentration liquid electrolytes, such as water-in-salt electrolytes and ionic liquids, are emerging materials to replace the flammable organic electrolytes widely used in industrial lithium-ion batteries. Extensive efforts have been made to understand the ion transport mechanisms and optimize the ion transport properties. This perspective reviews the current understanding of the ion transport and polymer dynamics in liquid and polymer electrolytes, comparing the similarities and differences in the two types of electrolytes. Combining recent experimental and theoretical findings, we attempt to connect and explain ion transport mechanisms in different types of small-molecule and polymer electrolytes from a theoretical perspective, linking the macroscopic transport coefficients to the microscopic, molecular properties such as the solvation environment of the ions, salt concentration, solvent/polymer molecular weight, ion pairing, and correlated ion motion. We emphasize universal features in the ion transport and polymer dynamics by highlighting the relevant time and length scales. Several outstanding questions and anticipated developments for electrolyte design are discussed, including the negative transference number, control of ion transport through precision synthesis, and development of predictive multiscale modeling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yun Son
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Zhen-Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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19
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Kadulkar S, Milliron DJ, Truskett TM, Ganesan V. Transport Mechanisms Underlying Ionic Conductivity in Nanoparticle-Based Single-Ion Electrolytes. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6970-6975. [PMID: 32787198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of nanoparticle-based single-ion conductors as battery electrolytes. In this work, we introduce a coarse-grained multiscale simulation approach to identify the mechanisms underlying the ion mobilities in such systems and to clarify the influence of key design parameters on conductivity. Our results suggest that for the experimentally studied electrolyte systems, the dominant pathway for cation transport is along the surface of nanoparticles, in the vicinity of nanoparticle-tethered anions. At low nanoparticle concentrations, the connectivity of cationic surface transport pathways and conductivity increase with nanoparticle loading. However, cation mobilities are reduced when nanoparticles are in close vicinity, causing conductivity to decrease for sufficiently high particle loadings. We discuss the impacts of cation and anion choice as well as solvent polarity within this picture and suggest means to enhance ionic conductivities in single-ion conducting electrolytes based on nanoparticle salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Kadulkar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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20
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Belay C, Steinman NY, Campos LM, Dzikowski R, Golenser J, Domb AJ. Asymmetric trisalkylamine cyclopropenium derivatives with antimicrobial activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104069. [PMID: 32683179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cationic molecules are found in abundance as antimicrobial agents with a well-defined mechanism of action and significant therapeutic benefits. Quaternary ammonium-containing compounds are frequently employed due to their facile synthesis and tunable properties. Over time, however, bacterial resistance to these compounds has become a significant obstacle. We report here a series of asymmetric trisalkylamine cyclopropenium cationic derivatives as chemical isosteres of quaternary ammonium compounds, capable of strong antimicrobial activity and overcoming microbial resistance. These small molecules were prepared by one-pot reaction of tetrachlorocyclopropene (TCC) with unhindered secondary amines in the presence of Hünig's base. In this work we describe the synthesis, purification, and characterization of five trisamino-cyclopropenium derivatives and confirm their structures by spectral analysis and mass-spectrometry. Three of the compounds displayed considerable antimalarial activity (IC50 < 0.1 µM) without demonstrating significant toxic effects in vitro (TC50 > 1 µM). This class of cyclopropenium-based compounds provides an opening for the discovery of potent and non-toxic antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Belay
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Noam Y Steinman
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ron Dzikowski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Golenser
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abraham J Domb
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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21
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The Impact of Composition and Morphology on Ionic Conductivity of Silk/Cellulose Bio-Composites Fabricated from Ionic Liquid and Varying Percentages of Coagulation Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134695. [PMID: 32630158 PMCID: PMC7370005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blended biocomposites created from the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between polysaccharides and structural proteins exhibit useful and unique properties. However, engineering these biopolymers into applicable forms is challenging due to the coupling of the material’s physicochemical properties to its morphology, and the undertaking that comes with controlling this. In this particular study, numerous properties of the Bombyx mori silk and microcrystalline cellulose biocomposites blended using ionic liquid and regenerated with various coagulation agents were investigated. Specifically, the relationship between the composition of polysaccharide-protein bio-electrolyte membranes and the resulting morphology and ionic conductivity is explored using numerous characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray scattering, atomic force microscopy (AFM) based nanoindentation, and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). The results revealed that when silk is the dominating component in the biocomposite, the ionic conductivity is higher, which also correlates with higher β-sheet content. However, when cellulose becomes the dominating component in the biocomposite, this relationship is not observed; instead, cellulose semicrystallinity and mechanical properties dominate the ionic conduction.
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22
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Litterscheidt J, Bandar JS, Ebert M, Forschner R, Bader K, Lambert TH, Frey W, Bühlmeyer A, Brändle M, Schulz F, Laschat S. Self-Assembly of Aminocyclopropenium Salts: En Route to Deltic Ionic Liquid Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10557-10565. [PMID: 32119178 PMCID: PMC7317216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aminocyclopropenium ions have raised much attention as organocatalysts and redox active polymers. However, the self-assembly of amphiphilic aminocyclopropenium ions remains challenging. The first deltic ionic liquid crystals based on aminocyclopropenium ions have been developed. Differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction provided insight into the unique self-assembly and nanosegregation of these liquid crystals. While the combination of small headgroups with linear p-alkoxyphenyl units led to bilayer-type smectic mesophases, wedge-shaped units resulted in columnar mesophases. Upon increasing the size and polyphilicity of the aminocyclopropenium headgroup, a lamellar phase was formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Litterscheidt
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Jeffrey S. Bandar
- Department of ChemistryColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523USA
| | - Max Ebert
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Robert Forschner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Korinna Bader
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Tristan H. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyCornell University122 Baker LaboratoryIttacaNY14853USA
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Andrea Bühlmeyer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Marcus Brändle
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Finn Schulz
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
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23
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Litterscheidt J, Bandar JS, Ebert M, Forschner R, Bader K, Lambert TH, Frey W, Bühlmeyer A, Brändle M, Schulz F, Laschat S. Self‐Assembly of Aminocyclopropenium Salts: En Route to Deltic Ionic Liquid Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juri Litterscheidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Jeffrey S. Bandar
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Max Ebert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Robert Forschner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Korinna Bader
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Tristan H. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Cornell University 122 Baker Laboratory Ittaca NY 14853 USA
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Andrea Bühlmeyer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Marcus Brändle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Finn Schulz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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24
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Ji W, Huang H, Zhang X, Zheng D, Ding T, Lambert TH, Qu D. A redox-active organic salt for safer Na-ion batteries. NANO ENERGY 2020; 72:104705. [PMID: 34109105 PMCID: PMC8186495 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Overcharge abuse can trigger thermal runaway when a device is left unattended. Redox shuttles, as economic and efficient electrolyte additives, have been proven to provide reliable and reversible protection for state-of-art Li-ion batteries (LIBs) against overcharge. Here, a functional organic salt, trisaminocyclopropenium perchlorate (TAC•ClO4), is developed and employed as a redox shuttle for overcharge protection in a Na-ion battery system. This type of novel redox shuttle molecule is reported for the first time. As a unique ionic compound with the smallest aromatic ring structure, TAC•ClO4 exhibits distinctive attributes of fast diffusion, high solubility, and ultrahigh chemical/electrochemical stability in both redox states. With merely 0.1 M TAC•ClO4 in electrolyte, Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode can carry overcharge current even up to 10C or 400% SOC. Na3V2(PO4)3/hard carbon cells demonstrated strong anti-overcharging ability of 176 cycles at 0.5C rate and 54 cycles at 1C rate with 100% overcharge. Moreover, TAC•ClO4 addition has little impact on the electrochemical performance of Na-ion batteries, especially on the rate performance and the initial Columbic efficiency. Interestingly, a unique and reversible electrochromic behavior of TAC•ClO4 electrolyte can promptly provide the device an overcharge alarm under a designed potential to further enhance the safety level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao Ji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - He Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Dong Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Tianyao Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Tristan H. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Deyang Qu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
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25
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Zhang Z, Wheatle BK, Krajniak J, Keith JR, Ganesan V. Ion Mobilities, Transference Numbers, and Inverse Haven Ratios of Polymeric Ionic Liquids. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:84-89. [PMID: 35638661 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We probe the ion mobilities, transference numbers, and inverse Haven ratio of ionic liquids and polymerized ionic liquids as a function of their molecular weight using a combination of atomistic equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. In contrast to expectations, we demonstrate that the inverse Haven ratio increases with increasing degree of polymerization (N) and then decreases at larger N. For a fixed center of mass reference frame, we demonstrate that such results arise as a consequence of the strong cation-cation correlated motions, which exceed (in magnitude) the self-diffusivity of cations. Together, our findings challenge the premise underlying the pursuit of pure polymeric ionic liquids as high transference number, single-ion conducting electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Zhang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Bill K. Wheatle
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jakub Krajniak
- Independent researcher, os. Kosmonautow 13/56, 61-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jordan R. Keith
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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26
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Ma B, Nguyen TD, Olvera de la Cruz M. Control of Ionic Mobility via Charge Size Asymmetry in Random Ionomers. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:43-49. [PMID: 31769988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Solid polymer electrolytes are considered a promising alternative to traditional liquid electrolytes in energy storage applications because of their good mechanical properties, and excellent thermal and chemical stability. A gap, however, still exists in understanding ion transport mechanisms and improving ion transport in solid polymer electrolytes. Therefore, it is crucial to bridge composition-structure and structure-property relationships. Here, we demonstrate that size asymmetry, λ, represented by the ratio of counterion to charged monomer size, plays a key role both in the nanostructure and in the ionic dynamics. More specifically, when the nanostructure is modified by an external electric field such that the mobility cannot be described by linear response theory, two situations arise. The ionic mobility increases as λ decreases (small counterions) in the weak electrostatics (high dielectric constant) regime, whereas in systems with strong electrostatic interactions, ionomers with higher size symmetry (λ ≈ 1) display higher ionic mobility. Moreover, ion transport is found to be dominated by the hopping of the ions and not by moving ionic clusters (also known as "vehicular" charge transport). These results serve as a guide for designing ion-containing polymers for ion transport related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Trung Dac Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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27
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Russell ST, Raghunathan R, Jimenez AM, Zhang K, Brucks SD, Iacob C, West AC, Gang O, Campos LM, Kumar SK. Impact of Electrostatic Interactions on the Self-Assembly of Charge-Neutral Block Copolyelectrolytes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ciprian Iacob
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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28
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Keith JR, Ganesan V. Ion transport in backbone-embedded polymerized ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:124902. [PMID: 31575176 DOI: 10.1063/1.5121436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We use atomistic computer simulations to examine ion-transport phenomena for backbone polymerized cationic liquids with bistrifluoromethylesulfonylimide (TFSI-) counterions. We consider a system in which the polymerized cation moiety is the imidazolium ring and study the structural characteristics and ion mobilities for cases in which the cations are separated by four, six, and eight methylene units on the backbone. A pendant polymerized ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium, is compared to the backbone series across ion coordination and hopping features. The anion diffusivity in backbone polymerized cationic liquids is found to decrease with increasing spacer length, which is shown to result from a decrease in intramolecular and intermolecular hopping frequencies due to an increasing distance separating imidazolium moieties. In comparison with pendant polymerized ionic liquids, we observe that the participation rates of intermolecular hopping events in the backbone polymers far exceed that of the pendant, and the intrapolymeric ionic coordination profile shows the TFSI- of the pendant polymer with a high propensity for coordination by multiple imidazolium, compared with one monomer from a given polymer for the backbone series. Despite these differences, backbone polymerized ionic liquids are seen to possess correlated diffusivity and ion-association relaxation times, in a manner similar to the results observed in past studies for pendant variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Keith
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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29
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Wieland F, Bocharova V, Münzner P, Hiller W, Sakrowski R, Sternemann C, Böhmer R, Sokolov AP, Gainaru C. Structure and dynamics of short-chain polymerized ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:034903. [PMID: 31325936 DOI: 10.1063/1.5109228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining experimental results obtained with X-ray scattering and field-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and an assessment of new and previous dielectric and rheology data, our study focuses on the molecular weight (Mw) evolution of local structure and dynamics in a homologous series of covalently bonded ionic liquids. Performed on a family of electrolytes with a tailored degree of ionic decoupling, this study reveals the differences between monomeric and oligomeric melts with respect to their structural organization, mass and charge transport, and molecular diffusion. Our study demonstrates that for the monomeric compound, the broadband conductivity and mechanical spectra reflect the same underlying distribution of activation barriers and that the Random Barrier Model describes fairly well both the ionic and structural relaxation processes in these materials. Moreover, the oligomers with chains comprising ten segments only exhibit both structural and dynamical fingerprints of a genuine polymer. A comparison of conductivity levels estimated using the self-diffusion coefficients probed via NMR and those probed directly with dielectric spectroscopy reveals the emerging of ion correlations which are affecting the macroscopic charge transport in these materials in a chain-length dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wieland
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - V Bocharova
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - P Münzner
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - W Hiller
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Sakrowski
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Sternemann
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A P Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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30
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Blessing B, Trout C, Morales A, Rybacki K, Love SA, Lamoureux G, O'Malley SM, Hu X, Salas‐de la Cruz D. Morphology and ionic conductivity relationship in silk/cellulose biocomposites. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cory Trout
- Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers University Camden NJ USA
| | | | - Karleena Rybacki
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University Camden NJ USA
| | - Stacy A Love
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University Camden NJ USA
| | - Guillaume Lamoureux
- Department of ChemistryRutgers University Camden NJ USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University Camden NJ USA
| | - Sean M O'Malley
- Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers University Camden NJ USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University Camden NJ USA
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biomedical EngineeringRowan University Glassboro NJ USA
| | - David Salas‐de la Cruz
- Department of ChemistryRutgers University Camden NJ USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University Camden NJ USA
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31
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Keith JR, Rebello NJ, Cowen BJ, Ganesan V. Influence of Counterion Structure on Conductivity of Polymerized Ionic Liquids. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:387-392. [PMID: 35651142 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We performed long-time all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of cationic polymerized ionic liquids with eight mobile counterions, systematically varying size and shape to probe their influence on the decoupling of conductivity from polymer segmental dynamics. We demonstrated rigorous identification of the dilatometric glass-transition temperature (Tg) for polymerized ionic liquids using an all-atom force field. Polymer segmental relaxation rates are presumed to be consistent for different materials at the same glass-transition-normalized temperature (Tg/T), allowing us to extract a relative order of decoupling by examining conductivity at the same Tg/T. Size, or ionic volume, cannot fully explain decoupling trends, but within certain geometric and chemical-specific classes, small ions generally show a higher degree of decoupling. This size effect is not universal and appears to be overcome when structural results reveal substantial coordination delocalization. We also reveal a universal inverse correlation between ion-association structural relaxation time and absolute conductivity for these polymerized ionic liquids, supporting the ion-hopping interpretation of ion mobility in polymerized ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R. Keith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nathan J. Rebello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Cowen
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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32
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Thiruvengadam P, Ming W, Qiu F, Yu K, Liu P, Su Y, Zhang F. Ionized aromatization approach to charged porous polymers as exceptional absorbents. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00366e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One-step ionized aromatization approach to cyclopropenium cation-based porous polymers with ultra-high selective capture of anionic dyes in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghang Zhang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Palani Thiruvengadam
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Wenyong Ming
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- 201418 Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Kaijin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Yuezeng Su
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- PR China
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33
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Paren BA, Raghunathan R, Knudson IJ, Freyer JL, Campos LM, Winey KI. Impact of building block structure on ion transport in cyclopropenium-based polymerized ionic liquids. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00396g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cation geometry, size, and polarity all contribute to conductivity in PS-TAC PILs, with highest conductivity from the isopropyl cation geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Paren
- University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Karen I. Winey
- University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Philadelphia
- USA
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34
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Heres M, Cosby T, Mapesa EU, Liu H, Berdzinski S, Strehmel V, Dadmun M, Paddison SJ, Sangoro J. Ion Transport in Glassy Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Unraveling the Impact of the Molecular Structure. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Berdzinski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Hochschule Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Hochschule Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
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Erwin AJ, Lee H, Ge S, Zhao S, Korolovych VF, He H, Matyjaszewski K, Sokolov AP, Tsukruk VV. Viscoelastic properties and ion dynamics in star-shaped polymerized ionic liquids. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Mogurampelly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Institute for
Computational Molecular Science (ICMS) and Temple Materials Institute
(TMI), 1925 North 12th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Montoto EC, Cao Y, Hernández-Burgos K, Sevov CS, Braten MN, Helms BA, Moore JS, Rodríguez-López J. Effect of the Backbone Tether on the Electrochemical Properties of Soluble Cyclopropenium Redox-Active Polymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena C. Montoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Joint Center for Energy
Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Joint Center for Energy
Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kenneth Hernández-Burgos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute
for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Joint Center for Energy
Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Christo S. Sevov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Joint Center for Energy
Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | - Brett A. Helms
- Joint Center for Energy
Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute
for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Joint Center for Energy
Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute
for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Joint Center for Energy
Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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