1
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Tamura R, Nagata K, Sodeyama K, Nakamura K, Tokuhira T, Shibata S, Hammura K, Sugisawa H, Kawamura M, Tsurimoto T, Naito M, Demura M, Nakanishi T. Machine learning prediction of the mechanical properties of injection-molded polypropylene through X-ray diffraction analysis. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2024; 25:2388016. [PMID: 39156883 PMCID: PMC11328794 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2388016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Predicting the mechanical properties of polymer materials using machine learning is essential for the design of next-generation of polymers. However, the strong relationship between the higher-order structure of polymers and their mechanical properties hinders the mechanical property predictions based on their primary structures. To incorporate information on higher-order structures into the prediction model, X-ray diffraction (XRD) can be used. This study proposes a strategy to generate appropriate descriptors from the XRD analysis of the injection-molded polypropylene samples, which were prepared under almost the same injection molding conditions. To this end, first, Bayesian spectral deconvolution is used to automatically create high-dimensional descriptors. Second, informative descriptors are selected to achieve highly accurate predictions by implementing the black-box optimization method using Ising machine. This approach was applied to custom-built polymer datasets containing data on homo- polypropylene and derived composite polymers with the addition of elastomers. Results show that reasonable accuracy of predictions for seven mechanical properties can be achieved using only XRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tamura
- Materials Open Platform for Chemistry, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenji Nagata
- Materials Open Platform for Chemistry, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keitaro Sodeyama
- Materials Open Platform for Chemistry, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kensaku Nakamura
- Materials Open Platform for Chemistry, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
- Process Technology Laboratory, R&D Center, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tokuhira
- Materials Open Platform for Chemistry, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
- Process Technology Laboratory, R&D Center, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shibata
- Materials Open Platform for Chemistry, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
- Essential Chemicals Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hammura
- Materials Open Platform for Chemistry, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
- Platform Laboratory for Science & Technology, Asahi KASEI Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sugisawa
- Materials Open Platform for Chemistry, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
- Science & Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaya Kawamura
- Materials Open Platform for Chemistry, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
- Science & Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Teruki Tsurimoto
- Materials Open Platform for Chemistry, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
- Science & Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masanobu Naito
- Materials Open Platform for Chemistry, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiko Demura
- Materials Open Platform for Chemistry, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Network and Facility Services Division, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakanishi
- Materials Open Platform for Chemistry, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
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2
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Clothier GKK, Guimarães TR, Thompson SW, Howard SC, Muir BW, Moad G, Zetterlund PB. Streamlining the Generation of Advanced Polymer Materials Through the Marriage of Automation and Multiblock Copolymer Synthesis in Emulsion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320154. [PMID: 38400586 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are of paramount importance in modern life - an incredibly wide range of polymeric materials possessing an impressive variety of properties have been developed to date. The recent emergence of artificial intelligence and automation presents a great opportunity to significantly speed up discovery and development of the next generation of advanced polymeric materials. We have focused on the high-throughput automated synthesis of multiblock copolymers that comprise three or more distinct polymer segments of different monomer composition bonded in linear sequence. The present work has exploited automation to prepare high molar mass multiblock copolymers (typically>100,000 g mol-1) using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in aqueous emulsion. A variety of original multiblock copolymers have been synthesised via a Chemspeed robot, exemplified by a multiblock copolymer comprising thirteen constituent blocks. Moreover, libraries of copolymers of randomized monomer compositions (acrylates, acrylamides, methacrylates, and styrenes), block orders, and block lengths were also generated, thereby demonstrating the robustness of our synthetic approach. One multiblock copolymer contained all four monomer families listed in the pool, which is unprecedented in the literature. The present work demonstrates that automation has the power to render complex and laborious syntheses of such unprecedented materials not just possible, but facile and straightforward, thus representing the way forward to the next generation of complex macromolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn K K Clothier
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thiago R Guimarães
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS (UMR 5629), ENSCPB, Université de Bordeaux, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Steven W Thompson
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shaun C Howard
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia
| | - Benjamin W Muir
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia
| | - Per B Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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3
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Chen J, Bhat V, Hawker CJ. High-Throughput Synthesis, Purification, and Application of Alkyne-Functionalized Discrete Oligomers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8650-8658. [PMID: 38489842 PMCID: PMC10979451 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The development of synthetic oligomers as discrete single molecular entities with accurate control over the number and nature of functional groups along the backbone has enabled a variety of new research opportunities. From fundamental studies of self-assembly in materials science to understanding efficacy and safety profiles in biology and pharmaceuticals, future directions are significantly impacted by the availability of discrete, multifunctional oligomers. However, the preparation of diverse libraries of discrete and stereospecific oligomers remains a significant challenge. We report a novel strategy for accelerating the synthesis and isolation of discrete oligomers in a high-throughput manner based on click chemistry and simplified bead-based purification. The resulting synthetic platform allows libraries of discrete polyether oligomers to be prepared and the impact of variables such as chain length, number, and nature of side chain functionalities and molecular dispersity on antibacterial behavior examined. Significantly, discrete oligomers were shown to exhibit enhanced activity with lower toxicity compared with traditional disperse samples. This work provides a practical and scalable methodology for nonexperts to prepare libraries of multifunctional discrete oligomers and demonstrates the advantages of discrete materials in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Chen
- Materials
Department, Materials Research Laboratory, and Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Vittal Bhat
- Materials
Department, Materials Research Laboratory, and Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials
Department, Materials Research Laboratory, and Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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4
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Zhang S, Li R, An Z. Degradable Block Copolymer Nanoparticles Synthesized by Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315849. [PMID: 38155097 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) combines polymerization and in situ self-assembly of block copolymers in one system and has become a widely used method to prepare block copolymer nanoparticles at high concentrations. The persistence of polymers in the environment poses a huge threat to the ecosystem and represents a significant waste of resources. There is an urgent need to develop novel chemical approaches to synthesize degradable polymers. To meet with this demand, it is crucial to install degradability into PISA nanoparticles. Most recently, degradable PISA nanoparticles have been synthesized by introducing degradation mechanisms into either shell-forming or core-forming blocks. This Minireview summarizes the development in degradable block copolymer nanoparticles synthesized by PISA, including shell-degradable, core-degradable, and all-degradable nanoparticles. Future development will benefit from expansion of polymerization techniques with new degradation mechanisms and adaptation of high-throughput approaches for both PISA syntheses and degradation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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5
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Patel RA, Webb MA. Data-Driven Design of Polymer-Based Biomaterials: High-throughput Simulation, Experimentation, and Machine Learning. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:510-527. [PMID: 36701125 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Polymers, with the capacity to tunably alter properties and response based on manipulation of their chemical characteristics, are attractive components in biomaterials. Nevertheless, their potential as functional materials is also inhibited by their complexity, which complicates rational or brute-force design and realization. In recent years, machine learning has emerged as a useful tool for facilitating materials design via efficient modeling of structure-property relationships in the chemical domain of interest. In this Spotlight, we discuss the emergence of data-driven design of polymers that can be deployed in biomaterials with particular emphasis on complex copolymer systems. We outline recent developments, as well as our own contributions and takeaways, related to high-throughput data generation for polymer systems, methods for surrogate modeling by machine learning, and paradigms for property optimization and design. Throughout this discussion, we highlight key aspects of successful strategies and other considerations that will be relevant to the future design of polymer-based biomaterials with target properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan A Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Michael A Webb
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
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6
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Day EC, Chittari SS, Bogen MP, Knight AS. Navigating the Expansive Landscapes of Soft Materials: A User Guide for High-Throughput Workflows. ACS POLYMERS AU 2023; 3:406-427. [PMID: 38107416 PMCID: PMC10722570 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are highly customizable with tailored structures and functionality, yet this versatility generates challenges in the design of advanced materials due to the size and complexity of the design space. Thus, exploration and optimization of polymer properties using combinatorial libraries has become increasingly common, which requires careful selection of synthetic strategies, characterization techniques, and rapid processing workflows to obtain fundamental principles from these large data sets. Herein, we provide guidelines for strategic design of macromolecule libraries and workflows to efficiently navigate these high-dimensional design spaces. We describe synthetic methods for multiple library sizes and structures as well as characterization methods to rapidly generate data sets, including tools that can be adapted from biological workflows. We further highlight relevant insights from statistics and machine learning to aid in data featurization, representation, and analysis. This Perspective acts as a "user guide" for researchers interested in leveraging high-throughput screening toward the design of multifunctional polymers and predictive modeling of structure-property relationships in soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew P. Bogen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Abigail S. Knight
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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7
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Ting JM, Tamayo-Mendoza T, Petersen SR, Van Reet J, Ahmed UA, Snell NJ, Fisher JD, Stern M, Oviedo F. Frontiers in nonviral delivery of small molecule and genetic drugs, driven by polymer chemistry and machine learning for materials informatics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14197-14209. [PMID: 37955165 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04705a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Materials informatics (MI) has immense potential to accelerate the pace of innovation and new product development in biotechnology. Close collaborations between skilled physical and life scientists with data scientists are being established in pursuit of leveraging MI tools in automation and artificial intelligence (AI) to predict material properties in vitro and in vivo. However, the scarcity of large, standardized, and labeled materials data for connecting structure-function relationships represents one of the largest hurdles to overcome. In this Highlight, focus is brought to emerging developments in polymer-based therapeutic delivery platforms, where teams generate large experimental datasets around specific therapeutics and successfully establish a design-to-deployment cycle of specialized nanocarriers. Three select collaborations demonstrate how custom-built polymers protect and deliver small molecules, nucleic acids, and proteins, representing ideal use-cases for machine learning to understand how molecular-level interactions impact drug stabilization and release. We conclude with our perspectives on how MI innovations in automation efficiencies and digitalization of data-coupled with fundamental insight and creativity from the polymer science community-can accelerate translation of more gene therapies into lifesaving medicines.
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8
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Jafari VF, Mossayebi Z, Allison-Logan S, Shabani S, Qiao GG. The Power of Automation in Polymer Chemistry: Precision Synthesis of Multiblock Copolymers with Block Sequence Control. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301767. [PMID: 37401148 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Machines can revolutionize the field of chemistry and material science, driving the development of new chemistries, increasing productivity, and facilitating reaction scale up. The incorporation of automated systems in the field of polymer chemistry has however proven challenging owing to the demanding reaction conditions, rendering the automation setup complex and costly. There is an imminent need for an automation platform which uses fast and simple polymerization protocols, while providing a high level of control on the structure of macromolecules via precision synthesis. This work combines an oxygen tolerant, room temperature polymerization method with a simple liquid handling robot to automatically prepare precise and high order multiblock copolymers with unprecedented livingness even after many chain extensions. The highest number of blocks synthesized in such a system is reported, demonstrating the capabilities of this automated platform for the rapid synthesis and complex polymer structure formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianna F Jafari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Zahra Mossayebi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison-Logan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sadegh Shabani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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9
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Davidson CLG, Lott ME, Trachsel L, Wong AJ, Olson RA, Pedro DI, Sawyer WG, Sumerlin BS. Inverse Miniemulsion Enables the Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Controlled Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1224-1230. [PMID: 37624643 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the controlled synthesis of ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) polymers (Mn ≥ 106 g/mol) via continuous flow in a tubular reactor. At high monomer conversion, UHMW polymers in homogeneous batch polymerization exhibit high viscosities that pose challenges for employing continuous flow reactors. However, under heterogeneous inverse miniemulsion (IME) conditions, UHMW polymers can be produced within the dispersed phase, while the viscosity of the heterogeneous mixture remains approximately the same as the viscosity of the continuous phase. Conducting such IME polymerizations in flow results in a faster rate of polymerization compared to batch IME polymerizations while still providing excellent control over molecular weight up to 106 g/mol. Crucial emulsion parameters, such as particle size and stability under continuous flow conditions, were examined using dynamic light scattering. A range of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) and poly(4-acryloylmorpholine) polymers with molecular weights of 104-106 g/mol (Đ ≤ 1.31) were produced by this method using water-soluble trithiocarbonates as photoiniferters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cullen L G Davidson
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Megan E Lott
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Lucca Trachsel
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Alexander J Wong
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Rebecca A Olson
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Diego I Pedro
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - W Gregory Sawyer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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10
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Tanaka J, Li J, Clouthier SM, You W. Step-growth polymerization by the RAFT process. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37287313 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01087b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) step-growth polymerization is an emerging method that synergistically combines the benefits of RAFT polymerization (functional group and user-friendly nature) and step-growth polymerization (versatility of the polymer backbone). This new polymerization method is generally achieved by using bifunctional reagents of monomer and Chain Transfer Agent (CTA), that efficiently yield Single Monomer Unit Insertion (SUMI) adducts under stoichiometrically balanced conditions. This review covers a brief history of the RAFT-SUMI process and its transformation into RAFT step-growth polymerization, followed by a comprehensive discussion of various RAFT step-growth systems. Furthermore, characterizing the molecular weight evolution of step-growth polymerization is elaborated based on the Flory model. Finally, a formula is introduced to describe the efficiency of the RAFT-SUMI process, assuming rapid chain transfer equilibrium. Examples of reported RAFT step-growth and SUMI systems are then categorized based on the driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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11
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Upadhya R, Di Mare E, Tamasi MJ, Kosuri S, Murthy NS, Gormley AJ. Examining polymer-protein biophysical interactions with small-angle x-ray scattering and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:440-450. [PMID: 36537182 PMCID: PMC9908847 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-protein hybrids can be deployed to improve protein solubility and stability in denaturing environments. While previous work used robotics and active machine learning to inform new designs, further biophysical information is required to ascertain structure-function behavior. Here, we show the value of tandem small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCMD) experiments to reveal detailed polymer-protein interactions with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a test case. Of particular interest was the process of polymer-protein complex formation under thermal stress whereby SAXS monitors formation in solution while QCMD follows these dynamics at an interface. The radius of gyration (Rg ) of the protein as measured by SAXS does not change significantly in the presence of polymer under denaturing conditions, but thickness and dissipation changes were observed in QCMD data. SAXS data with and without thermal stress were utilized to create bead models of the potential complexes and denatured enzyme, and each model fit provided insight into the degree of interactions. Additionally, QCMD data demonstrated that HRP deforms by spreading upon surface adsorption at low concentration as shown by longer adsorption times and smaller frequency shifts. In contrast, thermally stressed and highly inactive HRP had faster adsorption kinetics. The combination of SAXS and QCMD serves as a framework for biophysical characterization of interactions between proteins and polymers which could be useful in designing polymer-protein hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Upadhya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Elena Di Mare
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Matthew J. Tamasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Shashank Kosuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - N. Sanjeeva Murthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Adam J. Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
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12
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Förster C, Lehn R, Andrieu-Brunsen A. Automated Multi- and Block-Copolymer Writing in Mesoporous Films Using Visible-Light PET-RAFT and a Microscope. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207762. [PMID: 36651003 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
For high throughput applications, e.g., in the context of sensing especially when being combined with machine learning, large sample numbers in acceptable production time are required. This needs automated synthesis and material functionalization concepts ideally combined with high precision. To automate sensing relevant mesopore polymer functionalization while being highly precise in polymer placement, polymer amount control, and polymer sequence design, a process for polymer writing in mesoporous silica films with pore diameter in the range of 13 nm is developed. Mesoporous films are functionalized with different polymers in adjustable polymer amount including block-copolymer functionalization in an automated process using a visible-light induced, controlled photo electron/energy transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization. While transferring this PET-RAFT to a commercially available microscope, direct, automated laser writing of three different polymers, as well as polymer re-initiation is demonstrated. Using a laser diameter of ≈72 µm, significantly smaller polymer spots of ≈7 µm in diameter are realized. Micrometerscale resolved polymer images including block-copolymers are written into mesoporous layers covering millimeter scale areas requiring a writing time in the range of one second per polymer spot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Förster
- Macromolecular Chemistry - Smart Membranes, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Robert Lehn
- Macromolecular Chemistry - Smart Membranes, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Annette Andrieu-Brunsen
- Macromolecular Chemistry - Smart Membranes, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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13
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Förster C, Andrieu-Brunsen A. Recent developments in visible light induced polymerization towards its application to nanopores. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1554-1568. [PMID: 36655782 PMCID: PMC9904278 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06595a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Visible light induced polymerizations are a strongly emerging field in recent years. Besides the often mild reaction conditions, visible light offers advantages of spatial and temporal control over chain growth, which makes visible light ideal for functionalization of surfaces and more specifically of nanoscale pores. Current challenges in nanopore functionalization include, in particular, local and highly controlled polymer functionalizations. Using spatially limited light sources such as lasers or near field modes for light-induced polymer functionalization is envisioned to allow local functionalization of nanopores and thereby improve nanoporous material performance. These light sources are usually providing visible light while classical photopolymerizations are mostly based on UV-irradiation. In this review, we highlight developments in visible light induced polymerizations and especially in visible light induced controlled polymerizations as well as their potential for nanopore functionalization. Existing examples of visible light induced polymerizations in nanopores are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Förster
- Macromolecular Chemistry – Smart Membranes, Technische Universität Darmstadt64287DarmstadtGermanyannette.andrieu-brunsen@.tu-darmstadt.de
| | - Annette Andrieu-Brunsen
- Macromolecular Chemistry – Smart Membranes, Technische Universität Darmstadt64287DarmstadtGermanyannette.andrieu-brunsen@.tu-darmstadt.de
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14
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Messina KMM, Woys AM. Random Heteropolymer Excipients Improve the Colloidal Stability of a Monoclonal Antibody for Subcutaneous Administration. Pharm Res 2023; 40:525-536. [PMID: 36380169 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Developing stable high concentration monoclonal antibody (mAb) formulations is increasingly important to move toward subcutaneous (SC) administration for better patient experience. Challenges stemming from protein-protein interactions in these crowded solutions, such as colloidal instability, limit the feasibility of some formulations because of concerns of safety, product quality, and/or manufacturability. Herein, we report novel random heteropolymer excipients that improve the colloidal stability of a high concentration mAb formulation for SC administration. METHODS A library of polymers was synthesized and screened by a high-throughput, absorbance-based assay. The lead polymers were selected and characterized for their ability to alter the precipitation kinetics of a mAb in physiologically relevant conditions using two model systems. RESULTS Biophysical testing via surface tension measurements, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), microscale thermophoresis (MST), and intrinsic fluorescence quenching indicated that the polymers delayed onset of mAb precipitation from a combination of surfactant behaviour and interactions with the protein to prevent protein-protein interactions leading to colloidal instability. CONCLUSIONS The random heteropolymers described are a new class of excipients that may enable development of SC mAb formulations previously inaccessible to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M M Messina
- Pharmaceutical Development Department, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Ann Marie Woys
- Pharmaceutical Development Department, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Pham
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Susan Oliver
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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16
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Dworakowska S, Lorandi F, Gorczyński A, Matyjaszewski K. Toward Green Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Current Status and Future Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106076. [PMID: 35175001 PMCID: PMC9259732 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) have revolutionized synthetic polymer chemistry. Nowadays, RDRPs facilitate design and preparation of materials with controlled architecture, composition, and functionality. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has evolved beyond traditional polymer field, enabling synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids, bioconjugates, advanced polymers for electronics, energy, and environmentally relevant polymeric materials for broad applications in various fields. This review focuses on the relation between ATRP technology and the 12 principles of green chemistry, which are paramount guidelines in sustainable research and implementation. The green features of ATRP are presented, discussing the environmental and/or health issues and the challenges that remain to be overcome. Key discoveries and recent developments in green ATRP are highlighted, while providing a perspective for future opportunities in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Dworakowska
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyCracow University of TechnologyWarszawska 24Cracow31‐155Poland
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Padovavia Marzolo 9Padova35131Italy
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Faculty of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz UniversityUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8Poznań61‐614Poland
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17
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Li R, Kong W, An Z. Enzyme Catalysis for Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202033. [PMID: 35212121 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme catalysis has been increasingly utilized in reversible deactivation radical polymerization (Enz-RDRP) on account of its mildness, efficiency, and sustainability. In this Minireview we discuss the key roles enzymes play in RDRP, including their ATRPase, initiase, deoxygenation, and photoenzyme activities. We use selected examples to highlight applications of Enz-RDRP in surface brush fabrication, sensing, polymerization-induced self-assembly, and high-throughput synthesis. We also give our reflections on the challenges and future directions of this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Weina Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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18
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Facile control of molecular weight distribution via droplet‐flow light‐driven reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Han S, Qiu T, Xiong C, Li X, Guo L. Tunable Nitrogen Defects on Graphitic Carbon Nitride toward the Visible-Light-Induced Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Teng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longhai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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20
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Kosuri S, Borca CH, Mugnier H, Tamasi M, Patel RA, Perez I, Kumar S, Finkel Z, Schloss R, Cai L, Yarmush ML, Webb MA, Gormley AJ. Machine-Assisted Discovery of Chondroitinase ABC Complexes toward Sustained Neural Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102101. [PMID: 35112508 PMCID: PMC9119153 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Among the many molecules that contribute to glial scarring, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are known to be potent inhibitors of neuronal regeneration. Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), a bacterial lyase, degrades the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of CSPGs and promotes tissue regeneration. However, ChABC is thermally unstable and loses all activity within a few hours at 37 °C under dilute conditions. To overcome this limitation, the discovery of a diverse set of tailor-made random copolymers that complex and stabilize ChABC at physiological temperature is reported. The copolymer designs, which are based on chain length and composition of the copolymers, are identified using an active machine learning paradigm, which involves iterative copolymer synthesis, testing for ChABC thermostability upon copolymer complexation, Gaussian process regression modeling, and Bayesian optimization. Copolymers are synthesized by automated PET-RAFT and thermostability of ChABC is assessed by retained enzyme activity (REA) after 24 h at 37 °C. Significant improvements in REA in three iterations of active learning are demonstrated while identifying exceptionally high-performing copolymers. Most remarkably, one designed copolymer promotes residual ChABC activity near 30%, even after one week and notably outperforms other common stabilization methods for ChABC. Together, these results highlight a promising pathway toward sustained tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Kosuri
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Carlos H. Borca
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Heloise Mugnier
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Matthew Tamasi
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Roshan A. Patel
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Isabel Perez
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Suneel Kumar
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Zachary Finkel
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Rene Schloss
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Li Cai
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Martin L. Yarmush
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Michael A. Webb
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Adam J. Gormley
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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21
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Li Z, Han Z, Stenzel MH, Chapman R. A High Throughput Approach for Designing Polymers That Mimic the TRAIL Protein. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2660-2666. [PMID: 35312327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We have leveraged a high throughput approach to design a fully synthetic polymer mimic of the chemotherapeutic protein "TRAIL". Our design enables the synthesis of libraries of star-shaped polymers presenting exactly one receptor binding peptide at the end of each arm with no purification steps. Clear structure-activity relationships in screening for receptor binding and the apoptotic activity on colon cancer lines (COLO205) led us to identify trivalent structures, ∼1.5 nm in hydrodynamic radius as the best mimics. These showed IC50 values ∼2 μM and resulted in the elevated levels of caspase-8 expected from this mechanism of cell death. Our results demonstrate the potential for HTP screening methods to be used in the design of polymers that can mimic a whole range of complex therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Li
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, Univeristy of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Zifei Han
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, Univeristy of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, Univeristy of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Chapman
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, Univeristy of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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22
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Exploring polymer precursors for low-cost high performance carbon fiber: A materials genome approach to finding polyacrylonitrile-co-poly(N-vinyl formamide). POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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An Z, Li R, Kong W. Enzyme Catalysis for Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zesheng An
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China 130012 Changchun CHINA
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Weina Kong
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
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24
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Huang Y, Guo WL, He JC, Li X, Cai T. Development of High Throughput Photopolymerizations Using Micron-Sized Ultrathin Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200020. [PMID: 35182089 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymer syntheses in a high throughput format are still challenging due to the tedious procedures for prior deoxygenation and catalyst removal. Two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheets are advantageous for elevating the catalytic efficiency and catalyst recyclability. Polymerization of a wide variety of monomers, including hydrophilic acrylamides and hydrophobic acrylates, was attempted directly in a multi-well plate by employing Zn-ZnPPF-2D nanosheets (PPF = porphyrin paddlewheel framework) as a heterogeneous photocatalyst. Various parameters such as monomer concentration, catalyst concentration and light wavelength were investigated with respect to their effects on polymerization rate and the degree of control over the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. Due to the larger surface area and more accessible catalytic sites, the top-performing Zn-ZnPPF-2D exhibited fast polymerization kinetics over the Zn-ZnPPF-3D bulk crystals. In addition, the synthesis of triblock copolymers with a single loading of catalysts confirmed the outstanding catalytic performance of these 2D MOF catalysts. Finally, PET-RAFT polymerization was demonstrated to be achievable entirely in a microliter-scale human cell culture medium. As such, this strategy provides high levels of control and precision over macromolecular synthesis outcomes that best align with the requirements of high throughput approaches towards biological applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Wan Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China.,Wuhan University Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, P. R. China
| | - Jin Cheng He
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China.,Wuhan University Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, P. R. China
| | - Tao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China.,Wuhan University Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, P. R. China
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25
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Schuett T, Kimmig J, Zechel S, Schubert US. Fully Automated Multi-Step Synthesis of Block Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:292. [PMID: 35054696 PMCID: PMC8780857 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An automated synthesis protocol is developed for the synthesis of block copolymers in a multi-step approach in a fully automated manner. For this purpose, an automated dialysis setup is combined with robot-based synthesis protocols. Consequently, several block copolymerizations are executed completely automated and compared to the respective manual synthesis. As a result, this study opens up the field of autonomous multi-step reactions without any human interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Schuett
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.S.); (J.K.); (S.Z.); (U.S.S.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Julian Kimmig
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.S.); (J.K.); (S.Z.); (U.S.S.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Zechel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.S.); (J.K.); (S.Z.); (U.S.S.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.S.); (J.K.); (S.Z.); (U.S.S.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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26
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Mustafa AZ, Kent B, Chapman R, Stenzel MH. Fluorescence enables high throughput screening of polyelectrolyte–protein binding affinities. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in combination with high throughput controlled radical polymerisation allows quick identification of polymers that can bind strongly to enzymes such as glucose oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Z. Mustafa
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ben Kent
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Chapman
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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27
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Wang Z, Zhou Y, Chen M. Computer‐Aided
Living Polymerization Conducted under
Continuous‐Flow
Conditions
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Mao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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28
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Reis M, Gusev F, Taylor NG, Chung SH, Verber MD, Lee YZ, Isayev O, Leibfarth FA. Machine-Learning-Guided Discovery of 19F MRI Agents Enabled by Automated Copolymer Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17677-17689. [PMID: 34637304 PMCID: PMC10833148 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Modern polymer science suffers from the curse of multidimensionality. The large chemical space imposed by including combinations of monomers into a statistical copolymer overwhelms polymer synthesis and characterization technology and limits the ability to systematically study structure-property relationships. To tackle this challenge in the context of 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents, we pursued a computer-guided materials discovery approach that combines synergistic innovations in automated flow synthesis and machine learning (ML) method development. A software-controlled, continuous polymer synthesis platform was developed to enable iterative experimental-computational cycles that resulted in the synthesis of 397 unique copolymer compositions within a six-variable compositional space. The nonintuitive design criteria identified by ML, which were accomplished by exploring <0.9% of the overall compositional space, lead to the identification of >10 copolymer compositions that outperformed state-of-the-art materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Reis
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Filipp Gusev
- Department of Chemistry, Mellon College of Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Nicholas G Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sang Hun Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew D Verber
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yueh Z Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Olexandr Isayev
- Department of Chemistry, Mellon College of Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Frank A Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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29
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DeStefano A, Segalman RA, Davidson EC. Where Biology and Traditional Polymers Meet: The Potential of Associating Sequence-Defined Polymers for Materials Science. JACS AU 2021; 1:1556-1571. [PMID: 34723259 PMCID: PMC8549048 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymers with precisely defined monomeric sequences present an exquisite tool for controlling material properties by harnessing both the robustness of synthetic polymers and the ability to tailor the inter- and intramolecular interactions so crucial to many biological materials. While polymer scientists traditionally synthesized and studied the physics of long molecules best described by their statistical nature, many biological polymers derive their highly tailored functions from precisely controlled sequences. Therefore, significant effort has been applied toward developing new methods of synthesizing, characterizing, and understanding the physics of non-natural sequence-defined polymers. This perspective considers the synergistic advantages that can be achieved via tailoring both precise sequence control and attributes of traditional polymers in a single system. Here, we focus on the potential of sequence-defined polymers in highly associating systems, with a focus on the unique properties, such as enhanced proton conductivity, that can be attained by incorporating sequence. In particular, we examine these materials as key model systems for studying previously unresolvable questions in polymer physics including the role of chain shape near interfaces and how to tailor compatibilization between dissimilar polymer blocks. Finally, we discuss the critical challenges-in particular, truly scalable synthetic approaches, characterization and modeling tools, and robust control and understanding of assembly pathways-that must be overcome for sequence-defined polymers to attain their potential and achieve ubiquity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audra
J. DeStefano
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department
of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Emily C. Davidson
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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30
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Baudis S, Behl M. High-Throughput and Combinatorial Approaches for the Development of Multifunctional Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100400. [PMID: 34460146 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput (HT) development of new multifunctional polymers is accomplished by the combination of different HT tools established in polymer sciences in the last decade. Important advances are robotic/HT synthesis of polymer libraries, the HT characterization of polymers, and the application of spatially resolved polymer library formats, explicitly microarray and gradient libraries. HT polymer synthesis enables the generation of material libraries with combinatorial design motifs. Polymer composition, molecular weight, macromolecular architecture, etc. may be varied in a systematic, fine-graded manner to obtain libraries with high chemical diversity and sufficient compositional resolution as model systems for the screening of these materials for the functions aimed. HT characterization allows a fast assessment of complementary properties, which are employed to decipher quantitative structure-properties relationships. Moreover, these methods facilitate the HT determination of important surface parameters by spatially resolved characterization methods, including time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Here current methods for the high-throughput robotic synthesis of multifunctional polymers as well as their characterization are presented and advantages as well as present limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Baudis
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 14513, Teltow, Germany
| | - Marc Behl
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 14513, Teltow, Germany
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31
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Zhu Y, Egap E. Light-Mediated Polymerization Induced by Semiconducting Nanomaterials: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. ACS POLYMERS AU 2021; 1:76-99. [PMID: 36855427 PMCID: PMC9954404 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Direct capture of solar energy for chemical transformation via photocatalysis proves to be a cost-effective and energy-saving approach to construct organic compounds. With the recent growth in photosynthesis, photopolymerization has been established as a robust strategy for the production of specialty polymers with complex structures, precise molecular weight, and narrow dispersity. A key challenge in photopolymerization is the scarcity of effective photomediators (photoinitiators, photocatalysts, etc.) that can provide polymerization with high yield and well-defined polymer products. Current efforts on developing photomediators have mainly focused on organic dyes and metal complexes. On the other hand, nanomaterials (NMs), particularly semiconducting nanomaterials (SNMs), are suitable candidates for photochemical reactions due to their unique optical and electrical properties, such as high absorption coefficients, large charge diffusion lengths, and broad absorption spectra. This review provides a comprehensive insight into SNMs' photomediated polymerizations and highlights the roles SNMs play in photopolymerizations, types of polymerizations, applications in producing advanced materials, and the future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- †Department
of Materials Science and Nanoengineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Eilaf Egap
- †Department
of Materials Science and Nanoengineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States,
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32
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Si G, Qi M, Tan C, Chen C. Tandem Catalysts Combining Polymer Synthesis, Postpolymerization Modification, and Vitrimer Formation. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guifu Si
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Meizhou Qi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Changle Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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33
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Soheilmoghaddam F, Rumble M, Cooper-White J. High-Throughput Routes to Biomaterials Discovery. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10792-10864. [PMID: 34213880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many existing clinical treatments are limited in their ability to completely restore decreased or lost tissue and organ function, an unenviable situation only further exacerbated by a globally aging population. As a result, the demand for new medical interventions has increased substantially over the past 20 years, with the burgeoning fields of gene therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine showing promise to offer solutions for full repair or replacement of damaged or aging tissues. Success in these fields, however, inherently relies on biomaterials that are engendered with the ability to provide the necessary biological cues mimicking native extracellular matrixes that support cell fate. Accelerating the development of such "directive" biomaterials requires a shift in current design practices toward those that enable rapid synthesis and characterization of polymeric materials and the coupling of these processes with techniques that enable similarly rapid quantification and optimization of the interactions between these new material systems and target cells and tissues. This manuscript reviews recent advances in combinatorial and high-throughput (HT) technologies applied to polymeric biomaterial synthesis, fabrication, and chemical, physical, and biological screening with targeted end-point applications in the fields of gene therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Limitations of, and future opportunities for, the further application of these research tools and methodologies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Soheilmoghaddam
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Madeleine Rumble
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Justin Cooper-White
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
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34
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Upadhya R, Kosuri S, Tamasi M, Meyer TA, Atta S, Webb MA, Gormley AJ. Automation and data-driven design of polymer therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:1-28. [PMID: 33242537 PMCID: PMC8127395 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymers are uniquely suited for drug delivery and biomaterial applications due to tunable structural parameters such as length, composition, architecture, and valency. To facilitate designs, researchers may explore combinatorial libraries in a high throughput fashion to correlate structure to function. However, traditional polymerization reactions including controlled living radical polymerization (CLRP) and ring-opening polymerization (ROP) require inert reaction conditions and extensive expertise to implement. With the advent of air-tolerance and automation, several polymerization techniques are now compatible with well plates and can be carried out at the benchtop, making high throughput synthesis and high throughput screening (HTS) possible. To avoid HTS pitfalls often described as "fishing expeditions," it is crucial to employ intelligent and big data approaches to maximize experimental efficiency. This is where the disruptive technologies of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) will likely play a role. In fact, ML and AI are already impacting small molecule drug discovery and showing signs of emerging in drug delivery. In this review, we present state-of-the-art research in drug delivery, gene delivery, antimicrobial polymers, and bioactive polymers alongside data-driven developments in drug design and organic synthesis. From this insight, important lessons are revealed for the polymer therapeutics community including the value of a closed loop design-build-test-learn workflow. This is an exciting time as researchers will gain the ability to fully explore the polymer structural landscape and establish quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs) with biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Supriya Atta
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael A Webb
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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35
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Upadhya R, Punia A, Kanagala MJ, Liu L, Lamm M, Rhodes TA, Gormley AJ. Automated PET-RAFT Polymerization Towards Pharmaceutical Amorphous Solid Dispersion Development. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2021; 3:1525-1536. [PMID: 34368765 PMCID: PMC8336633 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.0c01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In pharmaceutical oral drug delivery development, about 90% of drugs in the pipeline have poor aqueous solubility leading to severe challenges with oral bioavailability and translation to effective and safe drug products. Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) have been utilized to enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). However, a limited selection of regulatory-approved polymer excipients exists for the development and further understanding of tailor-made ASDs. Thus, a significant need exists to better understand how polymers can be designed to interact with specific API moieties. Here, we demonstrate how an automated combinatorial library approach can be applied to the synthesis and screening of polymer excipients for the model drug probucol. We synthesized a library of 25 random heteropolymers containing one hydrophilic monomer (2-hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA)) and four hydrophobic monomers at varied incorporation. The performance of ASDs made by a rapid film casting method was evaluated by dissolution using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) sampling at various time points. This combinatorial library and rapid screening strategy enabled us to identify a relationship between polymer hydrophobicity, monomer hydrophobic side group geometry, and API dissolution performance. Remarkably, the most effective synthesized polymers displayed slower drug release kinetics compared to industry standard polymer excipients, showing the ability to modulate the drug release profile. Future coupling of high throughput polymer synthesis, high throughput screening (HTS), and quantitative modeling would enable specification of designer polymer excipients for specific API functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Upadhya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ashish Punia
- Preformulation Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Mythili J. Kanagala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lina Liu
- Preformulation Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Matthew Lamm
- Preformulation Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Timothy A. Rhodes
- Preformulation Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Adam J. Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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36
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Kimmig J, Zechel S, Schubert US. Digital Transformation in Materials Science: A Paradigm Change in Material's Development. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004940. [PMID: 33410218 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing digitalization is rapidly changing and will further revolutionize all parts of life. This statement is currently omnipresent in the media as well as in the scientific community; however, the exact consequences of the proceeding digitalization for the field of materials science in general and the way research will be performed in the future are still unclear. There are first promising examples featuring the potential to change discovery and development approaches toward new materials. Nevertheless, a wide range of open questions have to be solved in order to enable the so-called digital-supported material research. The current state-of-the-art, the present and future challenges, as well as the resulting perspectives for materials science are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kimmig
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Stefan Zechel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena, 07743, Germany
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37
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Oliver S, Pham TTP, Li Y, Xu FJ, Boyer C. More than skin deep: using polymers to facilitate topical delivery of nitric oxide. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:391-405. [PMID: 32856653 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01197e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skin, the largest organ in the human body, provides several important functions, including providing protection from mechanical impacts, micro-organisms, radiation and chemicals; regulation of body temperature; the sensations of touch and temperature; and the synthesis of several substances including vitamin D, melanin, and keratin. Common dermatological disorders (CDDs) include inflammatory or immune-mediated skin diseases, skin infection, skin cancer, and wounds. In the treatment of skin disorders, topical administration has advantages over other routes of administration, and polymers are widely used as vehicles to facilitate the delivery of topical therapeutic agents, serving as matrices to keep therapeutic agents in contact with the skin. Nitric oxide (NO), a cellular signalling molecule, has attracted significant interest in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including various skin disorders. However, there are a number of challenges in effectively delivering NO. It must be delivered in a controlled manner at sufficient concentrations to be efficacious and the delivery system must be stable during storage. The use of polymer-based systems to deliver NO topically can be an effective strategy to overcome these challenges. There are three main approaches for incorporating NO with polymers in topical delivery systems: (i) physical incorporation of NO donors into polymer bases; (ii) covalent attachment of NO donors to polymers; and (iii) encapsulation of NO donors in polymer-based particles. The latter two approaches provide the greatest control over NO release and have been used by numerous researchers in treating CDDs, including chronic wounds and skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Oliver
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN) and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2052.
| | - Thi Thu Phuong Pham
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN) and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2052.
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN) and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2052.
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38
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Zhang L, Liu R, Huang Z, Xu J. How does the single unit monomer insertion technique promote kinetic analysis of activation and initiation in photo-RAFT processes? Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01413c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The single unit monomer insertion technique provides a simple platform for the kinetic investigation of early stage of photo-RAFT process that comprises photo-activation of initial RAFT agents and addition of RAFT leaving radicals to the monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
| | - Ruizhe Liu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
| | - Zixuan Huang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
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39
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Atta S, Cohen J, Kohn J, Gormley AJ. Ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone through water. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01481h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ring opening polymerization (ROP) through water is used to synthesize biodegradable polymers such as polycaprolactone (PCL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Atta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Rutgers
- The State University of New Jersey
- Piscataway
- USA
| | - Jarrod Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers
- The State University of New Jersey
- Piscataway
- USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers
- The State University of New Jersey
- Piscataway
- USA
| | - Adam J. Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Rutgers
- The State University of New Jersey
- Piscataway
- USA
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40
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Coley CW, Eyke NS, Jensen KF. Autonome Entdeckung in den chemischen Wissenschaften, Teil II: Ausblick. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Connor W. Coley
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Natalie S. Eyke
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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41
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Ng G, Li M, Yeow J, Jung K, Pester CW, Boyer C. Benchtop Preparation of Polymer Brushes by SI-PET-RAFT: The Effect of the Polymer Composition and Structure on Inhibition of a Pseudomonas Biofilm. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55243-55254. [PMID: 33233878 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a high-throughput method for producing surface-tethered polymeric brushes on glass substrates via surface-initiated photoinduced electron transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (SI-PET-RAFT). Due to its excellent oxygen tolerance, SI-PET-RAFT allows brush growth using low reagent volumes (30 μL) without prior degassing. An initial 28 homopolymer brush library was successfully prepared and screened with respect to their antifouling performance. The high-throughput approach was further exploited to expand the library to encompass statistical, gradient, and block architectures to investigate the effect of monomer composition and distribution using two monomers of disparate performance. In this manner, the degree of attachment from Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) bacterial biofilms could be tuned between the bounds set by the homopolymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervase Ng
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Christian W Pester
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
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42
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Webb MA, Jackson NE, Gil PS, de Pablo JJ. Targeted sequence design within the coarse-grained polymer genome. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc6216. [PMID: 33087352 PMCID: PMC7577717 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc6216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The chemical design of polymers with target structural and/or functional properties represents a grand challenge in materials science. While data-driven design approaches are promising, success with polymers has been limited, largely due to limitations in data availability. Here, we demonstrate the targeted sequence design of single-chain structure in polymers by combining coarse-grained modeling, machine learning, and model optimization. Nearly 2000 unique coarse-grained polymers are simulated to construct and analyze machine learning models. We find that deep neural networks inexpensively and reliably predict structural properties with limited sequence information as input. By coupling trained ML models with sequential model-based optimization, polymer sequences are proposed to exhibit globular, swollen, or rod-like behaviors, which are verified by explicit simulations. This work highlights the promising integration of coarse-grained modeling with data-driven design and represents a necessary and crucial step toward more complex polymer design efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Webb
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
| | - Nicholas E Jackson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 06349, USA
| | - Phwey S Gil
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
| | - Juan J de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA.
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 06349, USA
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43
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Nothling MD, Fu Q, Reyhani A, Allison‐Logan S, Jung K, Zhu J, Kamigaito M, Boyer C, Qiao GG. Progress and Perspectives Beyond Traditional RAFT Polymerization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001656. [PMID: 33101866 PMCID: PMC7578854 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of advanced materials based on well-defined polymeric architectures is proving to be a highly prosperous research direction across both industry and academia. Controlled radical polymerization techniques are receiving unprecedented attention, with reversible-deactivation chain growth procedures now routinely leveraged to prepare exquisitely precise polymer products. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a powerful protocol within this domain, where the unique chemistry of thiocarbonylthio (TCT) compounds can be harnessed to control radical chain growth of vinyl polymers. With the intense recent focus on RAFT, new strategies for initiation and external control have emerged that are paving the way for preparing well-defined polymers for demanding applications. In this work, the cutting-edge innovations in RAFT that are opening up this technique to a broader suite of materials researchers are explored. Emerging strategies for activating TCTs are surveyed, which are providing access into traditionally challenging environments for reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. The latest advances and future perspectives in applying RAFT-derived polymers are also shared, with the goal to convey the rich potential of RAFT for an ever-expanding range of high-performance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell D. Nothling
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment (CTWW)School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW2007Australia
| | - Amin Reyhani
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison‐Logan
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)School of Chemical EngineeringUNWSSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Jian Zhu
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Material ScienceDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya UniversityFuro‐cho, Chikusa‐kuNagoya464‐8603Japan
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)School of Chemical EngineeringUNWSSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
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44
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Schuett T, Kimmig J, Zechel S, Schubert US. Automated Polymer Purification Using Dialysis. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2095. [PMID: 32942646 PMCID: PMC7569804 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The automated dialysis of polymers in synthetic robots is described as a first approach for the purification of polymers using an automated protocol. For this purpose, a dialysis apparatus was installed within a synthesis robot. Therein, the polymer solution could be transferred automatically into the dialysis tube. Afterwards, a permanent running dialysis could be started, enabling the removal of residual monomer. Purification efficiency was studied using chromatography and NMR spectroscopy, showing that the automated dialysis requires less solvent and is faster compared to the classical manual approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Schuett
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.S.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Julian Kimmig
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.S.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Zechel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.S.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.S.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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45
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Coley CW, Eyke NS, Jensen KF. Autonomous Discovery in the Chemical Sciences Part II: Outlook. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23414-23436. [PMID: 31553509 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This two-part Review examines how automation has contributed to different aspects of discovery in the chemical sciences. In this second part, we reflect on a selection of exemplary studies. It is increasingly important to articulate what the role of automation and computation has been in the scientific process and how that has or has not accelerated discovery. One can argue that even the best automated systems have yet to "discover" despite being incredibly useful as laboratory assistants. We must carefully consider how they have been and can be applied to future problems of chemical discovery in order to effectively design and interact with future autonomous platforms. The majority of this Review defines a large set of open research directions, including improving our ability to work with complex data, build empirical models, automate both physical and computational experiments for validation, select experiments, and evaluate whether we are making progress towards the ultimate goal of autonomous discovery. Addressing these practical and methodological challenges will greatly advance the extent to which autonomous systems can make meaningful discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor W Coley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Natalie S Eyke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Klavs F Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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46
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Stubbs C, Murray KA, Ishibe T, Mathers RT, Gibson MI. Combinatorial Biomaterials Discovery Strategy to Identify New Macromolecular Cryoprotectants. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:290-294. [PMID: 32337092 PMCID: PMC7175595 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cryoprotective agents (CPAs) are typically solvents or small molecules, but there is a need for innovative CPAs to reduce toxicity and increase cell yield, for the banking and transport of cells. Here we use a photochemical high-throughput discovery platform to identify macromolecular cryoprotectants, as rational design approaches are currently limited by the lack of structure-property relationships. Using liquid handling systems, 120 unique polyampholytes were synthesized using photopolymerization with RAFT agents. Cryopreservation screening identified "hit" polymers and nonlinear trends between composition and function, highlighting the requirement for screening, with polymer aggregation being a key factor. The most active polymers reduced the volume of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) required to cryopreserve a nucleated cell line, demonstrating the potential of this approach to identify materials for cell storage and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn A. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Toru Ishibe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Robert T. Mathers
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 15068, United States
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,Warwick Medical School, University
of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,E-mail:
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47
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Liu D, Cai W, Zhang L, Boyer C, Tan J. Efficient Photoinitiated Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly with Oxygen Tolerance through Dual-Wavelength Type I Photoinitiation and Photoinduced Deoxygenation. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Liu
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weibin Cai
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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48
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Tamasi M, Kosuri S, DiStefano J, Chapman R, Gormley AJ. Automation of Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization. ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 2:1900126. [PMID: 35586369 PMCID: PMC9113399 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.201900126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Controlled/living radical polymerization (CLRP) techniques are widely utilized to synthesize advanced and controlled synthetic polymers for chemical and biological applications. While automation has long stood as a high-throughput (HTP) research tool to increase productivity as well as synthetic/analytical reliability and precision, oxygen intolerance of CLRP has limited the widespread adoption of these systems. Recently, however, oxygen-tolerant CLRP techniques, such as oxygen-tolerant photoinduced electron/energy transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT), enzyme degassing of RAFT (Enz-RAFT), and atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), have emerged. Herein, the use of a Hamilton MLSTARlet liquid handling robot for automating CLRP reactions is demonstrated. Synthesis processes are developed using Python and used to automate reagent handling, dispensing sequences, and synthesis steps required to create homopolymers, random heteropolymers, and block copolymers in 96-well plates, as well as postpolymerization modifications. Using this approach, the synergy between highly customizable liquid handling robotics and oxygen-tolerant CLRP to automate advanced polymer synthesis for HTP and combinatorial polymer research is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tamasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shashank Kosuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jason DiStefano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Robert Chapman
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN) and the Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Adam J Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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49
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Judzewitsch PR, Corrigan N, Trujillo F, Xu J, Moad G, Hawker CJ, Wong EHH, Boyer C. High-Throughput Process for the Discovery of Antimicrobial Polymers and Their Upscaled Production via Flow Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Judzewitsch
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Francisco Trujillo
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- Manufacturing, CSIRO, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Edgar H. H. Wong
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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50
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Wu D, Wu J, Tao P, Yao Y, Wang J, Liu D, Chen F, Xu B, Li W, Zhang A. Thermoresponsive cationic dendronized copolymers and their corresponding nanogels as smart gene carriers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00631a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive dendronized copolymer nanogels show unique condensation, protection and controlled release of siRNA due to dendritic topology and spherical morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Pei Tao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Yi Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Life Science
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Dongfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Fuxue Chen
- School of Life Science
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Biyi Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Afang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
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