1
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Han J, Yang Y, Hou Y, Tang M, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Liu X, Wang J, Gao Y. Insight into Formation, Synchronized Release and Stability of Co-Amorphous Curcumin-Piperine by Integrating Experimental-Modeling Techniques. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1874-1884. [PMID: 38354909 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Intermolecular interactions between drug and co-former are crucial in the formation, release and physical stability of co-amorphous system. However, the interactions remain difficult to investigate with only experimental tools. In this study, intermolecular interactions of co-amorphous curcumin-piperine (i.e., CUR-PIP CM) during formation, dissolution and storage were explored by integrating experimental and modeling techniques. The formed CUR-PIP CM exhibited the strong hydrogen bond interaction between the phenolic OH group of CUR and the CO group of PIP as confirmed by FTIR, ss 13C NMR and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. In comparison to crystalline CUR, crystalline PIP and their physical mixture, CUR-PIP CM performed significantly increased dissolution accompanied by the synchronized release of CUR and PIP, which arose from the greater interaction energy of H2O-CUR molecules and H2O-PIP molecules than CUR-PIP molecules, breaking the hydrogen bond between CUR and PIP molecules, and then causing a pair-wise solvation of CUR-PIP CM at the molecular level. Furthermore, the stronger intermolecular interaction between CUR and PIP was revealed by higher binding energy of CUR-PIP molecules, which contributed to the excellent physical stability of CUR-PIP CM over amorphous CUR or PIP. The study provides a unique insight into the formation, release and stability of co-amorphous system from MD perspective. Meanwhile, this integrated technique can be used as a practical methodology for the future design of co-amorphous formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Han
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Changzhou Pharmaceutical Factory Co., LTD, Changzhou 213018, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Yunjuan Hou
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Tang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Yunran Zhang
- Changzhou Pharmaceutical Factory Co., LTD, Changzhou 213018, PR China
| | - Yijun Zhu
- Changzhou Pharmaceutical Factory Co., LTD, Changzhou 213018, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China.
| | - Jue Wang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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2
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Song S, Xu J, Chen Z, Sun CC, Munson EJ, Siegel RA. Miscibility of Amorphous Solid Dispersions: A Rheological and Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy Study. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00190-4. [PMID: 38796157 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Miscibility is critical in the prediction of stability against crystallization of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) in the solid state. However, currently available approaches for its determination are limited by both theoretical and practical considerations. Recently, a rheological approach guided by the polymer overlap concentration (c*) has been proposed for miscibility quantification of ASDs [J. Pharm. Sci., 112 (2023) 204-212] and shown to be useful in predicting both accelerated and long term physical stability in the absence of moisture. However, this approach can only be performed at high temperatures (slightly above the melting temperature, Tm, of drugs), and little is known about the difference in miscibility between high and low temperatures (e.g., below the glass transition temperature, Tg). Here we compare the miscibility of nifedipine (NIF)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) ASDs as determined by the rheological approach at 175°C (∼3°C above Tm of NIF) and solid state NMR (ssNMR) 1H T1 and T1ρ relaxation times at -20°C (∼66°C below Tg of NIF). Our results indicate agreement between the two methods. For low molecular weight (Mw) PVP, T1ρ measurements are more consistent with the rheological approach, while T1 measurements are closer for relatively high Mw PVP. Our findings support the use of the c* based rheological approach for inferring miscibility of deeply cooled ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Jianchao Xu
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Zhenxuan Chen
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Eric J Munson
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
| | - Ronald A Siegel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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3
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Song S, Yao X, Wang C, Sun CC, Siegel RA. Delaying the First Nucleation Event of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Above the Polymer Overlap Concentration (c*): PVP and PVPVA in Posaconazole. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00154-0. [PMID: 38685452 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
A thorough understanding of effects of polymers on crystallization of amorphous drugs is essential for rational design of robust amorphous solid dispersion (ASD), since crystallization of the amorphous drug negates their solubility advantage. In this work, we measured the first nucleation time (t0, time to form the first critical nucleus in fresh liquid/glass) in posaconazole (POS)/polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate (PVPVA) and POS/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K25) ASDs and showed that the polymer overlap concentration (c*, concentration above which adjacent polymer chains begin to contact) is critical in controlling crystallization of ASDs. When polymer concentration c < c*, t0 of POS ASDs is approximately equal to that of the neat amorphous POS, but it increases significantly when c > c*. This observation supports the view that the effective inhibitory effect of crystallization in ASDs above c* is primarily correlated with delay in the first nucleation event. Our finding is useful in efficient polymer selection and performance prediction of high drug loaded ASD formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States; School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Xin Yao
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States; Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, 60064, United States
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Ronald A Siegel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States.
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4
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Han X, Dai K, Kawakami K. Influence of Nucleation on Relaxation, Molecular Cooperativity, and Physical Stability of Celecoxib Glass. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1794-1803. [PMID: 38401048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Although nucleation is considered the first step in the crystallization of glass materials, the structure and properties of the nuclei are not understood well. Influence of nucleation on the structure and dynamics of celecoxib glass was evaluated in this study. The nuclei for Form III were induced by annealing the glass at freezing temperature, and their impact on the relaxation behavior was investigated using thermal analysis and broadband dielectric spectroscopy to find accelerated α relaxation and suppressed β relaxation. In addition, observed after nucleation was a decrease in cooperativity of the molecular motion, presumably because of the appearance of void spaces in the glass structure. During long-term isothermal crystallization studies, crystal growth to Form III was accelerated in the presence of the nuclei, whereas this effect was less remarkable when a different crystal form dominated the crystallization behavior. These observations should provide more detailed insights into the nucleation mechanism and impact of nucleation on molecular dynamics including physical stability of pharmaceutical glasses. In addition, discussed is the remarkable acceleration of the crystallization rate of the celecoxib glass just below its Tg, which could be understood by diffusionless crystal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kexin Dai
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kohsaku Kawakami
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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5
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Partheniadis I, Nikolakakis I. Development and characterization of co-amorphous griseofulvin/L-leucin by modified solvent processing hot-melt extrusion. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123824. [PMID: 38246478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Co-amorphous systems (CAMS) were developed between griseofulvin (GRI) and L-leucine (LEU) at 2:1 wt ratio, by application of a novel solvent assisted hot-melt extrusion (HME) method that involved wet processing/drying of the feeds prior to extrusion. CAMS formation was confirmed by powder crystallography (pXRD) and thermal analysis (DSC). Intermolecular H-bonding between the carbonyl groups of GRI and the hydroxyl and amino groups of LEU were identified by vibrational spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The measured glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the extrudates from feeds processed with aqueous acetic acid (AcOH) were markedly lower than that of neat amorphous GRI and values predicted from Gordon-Taylor equation, indicating plasticizing action of AcOH. Drug concentrations during dissolution of CAMS under non-sink conditions (Sink Index 0.0115) were up to x82 higher at plateau compared to crystalline drug solubility. The degree of supersaturation lasted for at least 24 h. Plasticizer (Compritol®/Kolliphor® 75/25) added before extrusion did not impact significantly on CAMS formation but altered the dissolution profile from a spring-and-parachute profile to gradual rise to maximum. These findings reinforce the application of drug/amino acid-based CAMS in formulation, particularly for high-dose drugs, for which polymers are unsuited due to the required large proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Partheniadis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 544 54 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Nikolakakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 544 54 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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6
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Trenkenschuh E, Blattner SM, Hirsh D, Hoffmann R, Luebbert C, Schaefer K. Development of Ternary Amorphous Solid Dispersions Manufactured by Hot-Melt Extrusion and Spray-Drying─Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Performance. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1309-1320. [PMID: 38345459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Producing amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) by hot-melt extrusion (HME) is favorable from an economic and ecological perspective but also limited to thermostable active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). A potential technology shift from spray-drying to hot-melt extrusion at later stages of drug product development is a desirable goal, however bearing the risk of insufficient comparability of the in vitro and in vivo performance of the final dosage form. Hot-melt extrusion was performed using API/polymer/surfactant mixtures with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) as the polymer and evaluated regarding the extrudability of binary and ternary amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Additionally, spray-dried ASDs were produced, and solid-state properties were compared to the melt-extruded ASDs. Tablets were manufactured of a ternary ASD lead candidate comparing their in vitro dissolution and in vivo performance. The extrudability of HPMCAS was improved by adding a surfactant as plasticizer, thereby lowering the high melt-viscosity. d-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) as surfactant showed the most similar solid-state properties between spray-dried and extruded ASDs compared to those of poloxamer 188 and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The addition of TPGS, however, barely affected API/polymer interactions. The in vitro dissolution experiment and in vivo dog study revealed a higher drug release of tablets manufactured from the spray-dried ASD compared to the melt-extruded ASD; this was attributed to the different particle size. We could further demonstrate that the drug release can be controlled by adjusting the particle size of melt-extruded ASDs leading to a similar release profile compared to tablets containing the spray-dried dispersion, which confirmed the feasibility of a technology shift from spray-drying to HME upon drug product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Trenkenschuh
- Pharmaceutical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88400 Biberach/Riß, Germany
| | - Simone M Blattner
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88400 Biberach/Riß, Germany
| | - David Hirsh
- Material and Analytical Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Ragna Hoffmann
- Pharmaceutical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88400 Biberach/Riß, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Schaefer
- Pharmaceutical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88400 Biberach/Riß, Germany
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7
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Modhave D, Barrios B, Iyer J, Paudel A. Influence of Crystal Disorder on the Forced Oxidative Degradation of Vortioxetine HBr. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 25:10. [PMID: 38158448 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the impact of the solid-state disorder of vortioxetine hydrobromide (HBr) on oxidative degradation under accelerated conditions. A range of solid-state disorders was generated via cryogenic ball milling. The solid-state properties were evaluated by calorimetry, infrared-, and Raman spectroscopies. While salt disproportionation occurred upon milling, no chemical degradation occurred by milling. The amorphous fraction remained physically intact under ambient storage conditions. Subsequently, samples with representative disordered fractions were mixed with a solid oxidative stressor (PVP-H2O2 complex) and were compressed to compacts. The compacts were exposed to 40°C/75% RH for up to 6 h. The sample was periodically withdrawn and analyzed for the physical transformations and degradation. Two oxidative degradation products (DPs) were found to be formed, for which dissimilar relations to the degree of disorder and kinetics of formation were observed. The degradation rate of the major DP formation obtained by fitting the exponential model to the experimental data was found to increase up to a certain degree of disorder and decrease with a further increase in the disordered fraction. In contrast, the minor DP formation kinetics was found to increase monotonically with the increase in the disorder content. For the similar crystallinity level, the degradation trend (rate and extent) differed between the single-phase disorder generated by milling and physically mixed two-phase systems. Overall, the study demonstrates the importance of evaluating the physical and chemical (in)stabilities of the disordered solid state of a salt form of a drug substance, generated through mechano-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dattatray Modhave
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Brenda Barrios
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jayant Iyer
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
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8
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Ueda H, Hirakawa Y, Miyano T, Nakayama Y, Hatanaka Y, Uchiyama H, Tozuka Y, Kadota K. Improvement in Inhalation Properties of Theophylline and Levofloxacin by Co-Amorphization and Enhancement in Its Stability by Addition of Amino Acid as a Third Component. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:6368-6379. [PMID: 37942959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Co-amorphous systems are amorphous formulations stabilized by the miscible dispersion of small molecules. This study aimed to design a stable co-amorphous system for the co-delivery of two drugs to the lungs as an inhaled formulation. Theophylline (THE) and levofloxacin (LEV) were used as model drugs for treating lung infection with inflammation. Leucine (LEU) or tryptophan (TRP) was employed as the third component to improve the inhalation properties. The co-amorphous system containing THE and LEV in an equal molar ratio was successfully prepared via spray drying where reduction of the particle size and change to the spherical morphology were observed. The addition of LEU or TRP at a one-tenth molar ratio to THE-LEV did not affect the formation of the co-amorphous system, but only TRP acted as an antiplasticizer. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra revealed intermolecular interactions between THE and LEV in the co-amorphous system that were retained after the addition of LEU or TRP. The co-amorphous THE-LEV system exhibited better in vitro aerodynamic performance than a physical mixture of these compounds and permitted the simultaneous delivery of both drugs in various stages. The co-amorphous THE-LEV system crystallized at 40 °C, and this crystallization was not prevented by LEU. However, THE-LEV-TRP maintained its amorphous state for 1 month. Thus, TRP can act as a third component to improve the physical stability of the co-amorphous THE-LEV system, while maintaining the enhanced aerodynamic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueda
- Analysis and Evaluation Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yuya Hirakawa
- Analysis and Evaluation Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Miyano
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yuzuki Nakayama
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yuta Hatanaka
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Uchiyama
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tozuka
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kadota
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
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9
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Moseson DE, Taylor LS. Crystallinity: A Complex Critical Quality Attribute of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4802-4825. [PMID: 37699354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Does the performance of an amorphous solid dispersion rely on having 100% amorphous content? What specifications are appropriate for crystalline content within an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) drug product? In this Perspective, the origin and significance of crystallinity within amorphous solid dispersions will be considered. Crystallinity can be found within an ASD from one of two pathways: (1) incomplete amorphization, or (2) crystal creation (nucleation and crystal growth). While nucleation and crystal growth is the more commonly considered pathway, where crystals originate as a physical stability failure upon accelerated or prolonged storage, manufacturing-based origins of crystallinity are possible as well. Detecting trace levels of crystallinity is a significant analytical challenge, and orthogonal methods should be employed to develop a holistic assessment of sample properties. Probing the impact of crystallinity on release performance which may translate to meaningful clinical significance is inherently challenging, requiring optimization of dissolution test variables to address the complexity of ASD formulations, in terms of drug physicochemical properties (e.g., crystallization tendency), level of crystallinity, crystal reference material selection, and formulation characteristics. The complexity of risk presented by crystallinity to product performance will be illuminated through several case studies, highlighting that a one-size-fits-all approach cannot be used to set specification limits, as the risk of crystallinity can vary widely based on a multitude of factors. Risk assessment considerations surrounding drug physicochemical properties, formulation fundamentals, physical stability, dissolution, and crystal micromeritic properties will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Moseson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Worldwide Research and Development Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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10
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Mansuri A, Völkel M, Mihiranga D, Feuerbach T, Winck J, Vermeer AWP, Hoheisel W, Thommes M. Predicting self-diffusion coefficients in semi-crystalline and amorphous solid dispersions using free volume theory. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 190:107-120. [PMID: 37423417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The self-diffusion coefficient of active ingredients (AI) in polymeric solid dispersions is one of the essential parameters for the rational formulation design in life sciences. Measuring this parameter for products in their application temperature range can, however, be difficult to realise and time-consuming (due to the slow kinetics of diffusion). The aim of this study is to present a simple and time-saving platform for predicting the AI self-diffusivity in amorphous and semi-crystalline polymers on the basis of a modified version of Vrentas' and Duda's free volume theory (FVT) [A. Mansuri, M. Völkel, T. Feuerbach, J. Winck, A.W.P. Vermeer, W. Hoheisel, M. Thommes, Modified free volume theory for self-diffusion of small molecules in amorphous polymers, Macromolecules. (2023)]. The predictive model discussed in this work requires pure-component properties as its input and covers the approximate temperature range of T < 1.2 Tg, the whole compositional range of the binary mixtures (as long as a molecular mixture is present), and the whole crystallinity range of the polymer. In this context, the self-diffusion coefficients of the AIs imidacloprid, indomethacin, and deltamethrin were predicted in polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate, polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene. The results highlight the profound importance of the kinetic fragility of the solid dispersion on the molecular migration; a property which in some cases might entail higher self-diffusion coefficients despite an increase in the molecular weight of the polymer. We interpret this observation within the context of the theory of heterogeneous dynamics in glass-formers [M.D. Ediger, Spatially heterogeneous dynamics in supercooled liquids, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 51 (2000) 99-128] by attributing it to the stronger presence of "fluid-like" mobile regions in fragile polymers offering facilitated routes for the AI diffusion within the dispersion. The modified FVT further allows for identifying the influence of some structural and thermophysical material properties on the translational mobility of AIs in binary dispersions with polymers. In addition, estimates of self-diffusivity in semi-crystalline polymers are provided by further accounting for the tortuosity of the diffusion paths and the chain immobilisation at the interface of the amorphous and crystalline phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mansuri
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; INVITE GmbH, 51061 Cologne, Germany
| | - Milan Völkel
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dilshan Mihiranga
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Judith Winck
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Thommes
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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11
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Dobson DP, Saggu M, Pellett JD, Tso J. A Novel Technique to Assess Drug Substance Particle Size in a Complex Inhaled Formulation. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2385-2388. [PMID: 37422282 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Dry powder inhalers, comprising an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and carrier excipients, are often used in the delivery of pulmonary drugs. The stability of the API particle size within a formulation blend is a critical attribute for aerodynamic performance but can be challenging to measure. The presence of excipients, typically at concentrations much higher than API, makes measurement by laser diffraction very difficult. This work introduces a novel laser diffraction approach that takes advantage of solubility differences between the API and excipients. The method allows insight into the understanding of drug loading effects on API particle stability of the drug product. Lower drug load formulations show better particle size stability compared with high drug load formulations, likely due to reduced cohesive interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Dobson
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States.
| | - Miguel Saggu
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | | | - Jerry Tso
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States; Ideaya Biosciences, 7000 Shoreline Ct #350, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
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12
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Heidrich L, Ornik J, Keck CM, Castro-Camus E, Koch M. Polyvinylpyrrolidone as co-inhibitor of crystallization of nifedipine in paper tablets. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122721. [PMID: 36781082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Techniques to maintain drugs amorphous that would otherwise crystallize is an extensively studied approach to enhance the dissolution characteristics of poorly soluble drugs. However, their performance is limited by the low physical stability of the amorphous phase which can lead to recrystallization which in turn results in decreased solubility and bioavailability of the drug. In this work, the crystallinity of nifedipine loaded into a cellulose-based paper matrix, so called smartFilms, was determined by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. By adding polyvinylpyrrolidone as an extra carrier, the capability of smartFilms to transfer nifedipine into its amorphous state improved. Moreover, the performance of the formulation to inhibit recrystallization of the amorphous drug over a period of six months increased. For formulations containing up to 10 w% drug loading and additional polyvinylpyrrolidone (nifedipine/polyvinylpyrrolidone: 4:1 mass ratio), nifedipine was found to be completely amorphous after six months of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Heidrich
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 5, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Jan Ornik
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 5, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia M Keck
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert‑Koch‑Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Enrique Castro-Camus
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 5, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Koch
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 5, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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13
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Mansuri A, Münzner P, Heermant A, Patzina F, Feuerbach T, Winck J, Vermeer AWP, Hoheisel W, Böhmer R, Gainaru C, Thommes M. Molecular Dynamics and Diffusion in Amorphous Solid Dispersions Containing Imidacloprid. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2067-2079. [PMID: 36930788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study is to develop an experimental toolbox to estimate the self-diffusion coefficient of active ingredients (AI) in single-phase amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) close to the glass transition of the mixture using dielectric spectroscopy (DS) and oscillatory rheology. The proposed methodology is tested for a model system containing the insecticide imidacloprid (IMI) and the copolymer copovidone (PVP/VA) prepared via hot-melt extrusion. For this purpose, reorientational and the viscoelastic structural (α-)relaxation time constants of hot-melt-extruded ASDs were obtained via DS and shear rheology, respectively. These were then utilized to extract the viscosity as well as the fragility index of the dispersions as input parameters to the fractional Stokes-Einstein (F-SE) relation. Furthermore, a modified version of Almond-West (AW) formalism, originally developed to describe charge diffusion in ionic conductors, was exercised on the present model system for the estimation of the AI diffusion coefficients based on shear modulus relaxation times. Our results revealed that, at the calorimetric glass-transition temperature (Tg), the self-diffusion coefficients of the AI in the compositional range from infinite dilution up to 60 wt % IMI content lied in the narrow range of 10-18-10-20 m2 s-1, while the viscosity values of the dispersions at Tg varied between 108 Pa s and 1010 Pa s. In addition, the phase diagram of the IMI-PVP/VA system was determined using the melting point depression method via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), while mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopy was employed to investigate the intermolecular interactions within the solid dispersions. In this respect, the findings of a modest variation in melting point at different compositions stayed in agreement with the observations of weak hydrogen bonding interactions between the AI and the polymer. Moreover, IR spectroscopy showed the intermolecular IMI-IMI hydrogen bonding to have been considerably suppressed, as a result of the spatial separation of the AI molecules within the ASDs. In summary, this study provides experimental approaches to study diffusivity in ASDs using DS and oscillatory rheology, in addition to contributing to an enhanced understanding of the interactions and phase behavior in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mansuri
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,INVITE GmbH, 51061 Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Münzner
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anrika Heermant
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Fabian Patzina
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Judith Winck
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - Roland Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Catalin Gainaru
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Markus Thommes
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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14
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Iyer J, Brunsteiner M, Modhave D, Paudel A. Role of Crystal Disorder and Mechanoactivation in Solid-State Stability of Pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1539-1565. [PMID: 36842482 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Common energy-intensive processes applied in oral solid dosage development, such as milling, sieving, blending, compaction, etc. generate particles with surface and bulk crystal disorder. An intriguing aspect of the generated crystal disorder is its evolution and repercussion on the physical- and chemical stabilities of drugs. In this review, we firstly examine the existing literature on crystal disorder and its implications on solid-state stability of pharmaceuticals. Secondly, we discuss the key aspects related to the generation and evolution of crystal disorder, dynamics of the disordered/amorphous phase, analytical techniques to measure/quantify them, and approaches to model the disordering propensity from first principles. The main objective of this compilation is to provide special impetus to predict or model the chemical degradation(s) resulting from processing-induced manifestation in bulk solid manufacturing. Finally, a generic workflow is proposed that can be useful to investigate the relevance of crystal disorder on the degradation of pharmaceuticals during stability studies. The present review will cater to the requirements for developing physically- and chemically stable drugs, thereby enabling early and rational decision-making during candidate screening and in assessing degradation risks associated with formulations and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant Iyer
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Graz, Austria
| | | | - Dattatray Modhave
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Graz, Austria
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Graz, Austria; Graz University of Technology, Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz Austria.
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15
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Han J, Wei Y, Li L, Song Y, Pang Z, Qian S, Zhang J, Gao Y, Heng W. Gelation Elimination and Crystallization Inhibition by Co-Amorphous Strategy for Amorphous Curcumin. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:182-194. [PMID: 35901945 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the previous study, the development of amorphous curcumin (CUR) aimed to enhance the solubility/dissolution of CUR by disrupting its crystal lattice, but it unexpectedly showed a decreased dissolution than its crystalline counterpart on account of gel formation in its dissolution process. Whether such gelation could be eliminated by co-amorphous strategy was answered in this study. Herein, CUR by co-amorphization with chlorogenic acid (CHA) was successfully prepared using quench cooling. The formed co-amorphous material (namely CUR-CHA CM) eliminated the gelation and hence performed superior dissolution performance than crystalline/amorphous CUR. Meanwhile, it exhibited higher physical stability than amorphous CUR during dissolution as well as under long-term/accelerated conditions. To further study the such enhancement mechanism, the internal molecular interactions were investigated for CUR-CHA CM in the solid state as well as in aqueous solution. FTIR and solid-state 13C NMR spectra confirmed that intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed between CUR and CHA after co-amorphization. Furthermore, the nucleation of CUR was significantly inhibited by CHA in an aqueous solution, thus maintaining the supersaturated dissolution for a long time. The present study offers a feasible strategy to eliminate gelation and enhance stability of amorphous solids by co-amorphization and crystallization inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Luyuan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yutong Song
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Zunting Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Weili Heng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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16
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Considerations in the Development of Physically Stable High Drug Load API- Polymer Amorphous Solid Dispersions in the Glassy State. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:8-18. [PMID: 35948156 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this Commentary, the authors expand on their earlier studies of the solid-state long-term isothermal crystallization of amorphous API from the glassy state in amorphous solid dispersions, and focus on the effects of polymer concentration, and its implications for producing high load API doses with minimum polymer concentration. After presenting an overview of the various mechanistic factors which influence the ability of polymers to inhibit API crystallization, including the chemical structure of the polymer relative to the API, the nature and strength of API-polymer noncovalent interactions, polymer molecular weight, impact on primary diffusive molecular mobility, as well as on secondary motions in the bulk and surface phases of the glass, we consider in more detail, the effects of polymer concentration. Here, we examine the factors that appear to allow relatively low polymer concentrations, i.e., less than 10%w/w polymer, to greatly reduce crystallization, including a focus on the heterogeneous structure of the glassy state, and the possible spatial distribution and concentration of polymer in certain key regions of the glass. This is followed by a review and analysis of examples in the recent literature focused on determining the minimum polymer concentration in an amorphous solid dispersion, capable of producing optimally stable high drug load amorphous dispersions.
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17
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Song S, Wang C, Zhang B, Sun CC, Lodge TP, Siegel RA. A Rheological Approach for Predicting Physical Stability of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:204-212. [PMID: 36030843 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Miscibility is an important indicator of physical stability against crystallization of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Currently available methods for miscibility determination have both theoretical and practical limitations. Here we report a method of miscibility determination based on the overlap concentration, c*, which can be conveniently determined from the viscosity-composition diagram. The determined c* values for ASDs of two model drugs, celecoxib and loratadine, with four different grades of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), were correlated strongly with the physical stability of ASDs. This result suggests potential application of the c* concept in guiding the design of stable high drug loaded ASD formulations. A procedure is provided to facilitate broader adoption of this methodology. The procedure is easy to apply and widely applicable for thermally stable binary drug/polymer combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Ronald A Siegel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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18
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Shi Q, Wang Y, Moinuddin SM, Feng X, Ahsan F. Co-amorphous Drug Delivery Systems: a Review of Physical Stability, In Vitro and In Vivo Performance. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:259. [PMID: 36123515 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, co-amorphous solids have been used as a promising approach for delivering poorly water-soluble drugs. Co-amorphous solids, comprising pharmacologically relevant drug substances or excipients, improve physical stability, solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability compared with single amorphous ingredients. In this review, we have summarized recent advances in physical stability and in vitro and in vivo performances of co-amorphous solids. We have highlighted the role of molar ratio, molecular interaction, and mobility that affects the physical stability of co-amorphous solids. This review delves deep as to how co-amorphous solids affect the physicochemical properties in vitro and in vivo. We also described the challenges to the formulation of co-amorphous solids. A better understanding of the mechanisms of the physical stability, in vitro and in vivo performance of co-amorphous solids, and proper selection of the co-former is likely to expedite the development of robust co-amorphous-based pharmaceutical formulations and can address the challenges associated with the delivery of poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224005, China.
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224005, China
| | - Sakib M Moinuddin
- College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, California, 95757, USA.,East Bay Institute For Research & Education (EBIRE), 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, California, 95655, USA
| | - Xiaodong Feng
- College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, California, 95757, USA
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, California, 95757, USA. .,East Bay Institute For Research & Education (EBIRE), 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, California, 95655, USA.
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19
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Moseson DE, Benson EG, Nguyen HT, Wang F, Wang M, Zheng K, Narwankar PK, Taylor LS. Atomic Layer Coating to Inhibit Surface Crystallization of Amorphous Pharmaceutical Powders. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40698-40710. [PMID: 36054111 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Preventing crystallization is a primary concern when developing amorphous drug formulations. Recently, atomic layer coatings (ALCs) of aluminum oxide demonstrated crystallization inhibition of high drug loading amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) for over 2 years. The goal of the current study was to probe the breadth and mechanisms of this exciting finding through multiple drug/polymer model systems, as well as particle and coating attributes. The model ASD systems selected provide for a range of hygroscopicity and chemical functional groups, which may contribute to the crystallization inhibition effect of the ALC coatings. Atomic layer coating was performed to apply a 5-25 nm layer of aluminum oxide or zinc oxide onto ASD particles, which imparted enhanced micromeritic properties, namely, reduced agglomeration and improved powder flowability. ASD particles were stored at 40 °C and a selected relative humidity level between 31 and 75%. Crystallization was monitored by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) up to 48 weeks. Crystallization was observable by SEM within 1-2 weeks for all uncoated samples. After ALC, crystallization was effectively delayed or completely inhibited in some systems up to 48 weeks. The delay achieved was demonstrated regardless of polymer hygroscopicity, presence or absence of hydroxyl functional groups in drugs and/or polymers, particle size, or coating properties. The crystallization inhibition effect is attributed primarily to decreased surface molecular mobility. ALC has the potential to be a scalable strategy to enhance the physical stability of ASD systems to enable high drug loading and enhanced robustness to temperature or relative humidity excursions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Moseson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Emily G Benson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hanh Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Fei Wang
- Applied Materials, Inc., 3100 Bowers Avenue, Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - Miaojun Wang
- Applied Materials, Inc., 3100 Bowers Avenue, Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - Kai Zheng
- Applied Materials, Inc., 3100 Bowers Avenue, Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - Pravin K Narwankar
- Applied Materials, Inc., 3100 Bowers Avenue, Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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20
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Bolla G, Sarma B, Nangia AK. Crystal Engineering of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals in the Discovery and Development of Improved Drugs. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11514-11603. [PMID: 35642550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The subject of crystal engineering started in the 1970s with the study of topochemical reactions in the solid state. A broad chemical definition of crystal engineering was published in 1989, and the supramolecular synthon concept was proposed in 1995 followed by heterosynthons and their potential applications for the design of pharmaceutical cocrystals in 2004. This review traces the development of supramolecular synthons as robust and recurring hydrogen bond patterns for the design and construction of supramolecular architectures, notably, pharmaceutical cocrystals beginning in the early 2000s to the present time. The ability of a cocrystal between an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and a pharmaceutically acceptable coformer to systematically tune the physicochemical properties of a drug (i.e., solubility, permeability, hydration, color, compaction, tableting, bioavailability) without changing its molecular structure is the hallmark of the pharmaceutical cocrystals platform, as a bridge between drug discovery and pharmaceutical development. With the design of cocrystals via heterosynthons and prototype case studies to improve drug solubility in place (2000-2015), the period between 2015 to the present time has witnessed the launch of several salt-cocrystal drugs with improved efficacy and high bioavailability. This review on the design, synthesis, and applications of pharmaceutical cocrystals to afford improved drug products and drug substances will interest researchers in crystal engineering, supramolecular chemistry, medicinal chemistry, process development, and pharmaceutical and materials sciences. The scale-up of drug cocrystals and salts using continuous manufacturing technologies provides high-value pharmaceuticals with economic and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Bolla
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Building 43, Room 201, Sderot Ben-Gurion 1, Be'er Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Bipul Sarma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - Ashwini K Nangia
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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