1
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Turky NO, Abdelmonem NA, Tammam SN, Gad MZ, Breitinger HG, Breitinger U. Antibacterial and in vitro anticancer activities of the antimicrobial peptide NRC-07 encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3550. [PMID: 37853814 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics and chemotherapy in the treatment of multidrug-resistant pathogens and drug-resistant cancers. Clinical application of AMPs is limited due to low stability and inefficient transport. Encapsulation in nanocarriers may improve their therapeutic potential. Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) are efficient carriers for proteins and peptides, improving the treatment of microbial infections and targeted drug delivery. We examined toxicity against cancer cell lines and antibacterial activities of the pleurocidin-like AMP NRC-07 upon encapsulation in CS-NPs by ionotropic gelation. The biological activities of various formulations of free and encapsulated NRC-07 and free nanoparticles were evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and breast cancer cells, using assays for cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase cytolysis with non-cancer cell lines as controls. NRC-07-containing nanoparticles decreased the bacterial and cancer cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Activities of encapsulated peptide were >2-fold higher than those of free NRC-07 peptide. Unloaded CS-NPs and free peptide were not cytotoxic against control cells. Encapsulation of NRC-07 into CS-NPs enhanced the antibacterial and selective cytotoxicity of the peptide, possibly enhancing anticancer activities. Encapsulation presents a promising tool for the development of efficient drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy O Turky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noura A Abdelmonem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salma N Tammam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hans-Georg Breitinger
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ulrike Breitinger
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Huynh M, Vinck R, Gibert B, Gasser G. Strategies for the Nuclear Delivery of Metal Complexes to Cancer Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311437. [PMID: 38174785 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The nucleus is an essential organelle for the function of cells. It holds most of the genetic material and plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. Since many antitumoral therapies target nucleic acids to induce cell death, tumor-specific nuclear drug delivery could potentiate therapeutic effects and prevent potential off-target side effects on healthy tissue. Due to their great structural variety, good biocompatibility, and unique physico-chemical properties, organometallic complexes and other metal-based compounds have sparked great interest as promising anticancer agents. In this review, strategies for specific nuclear delivery of metal complexes are summarized and discussed to highlight crucial parameters to consider for the design of new metal complexes as anticancer drug candidates. Moreover, the existing opportunities and challenges of tumor-specific, nucleus-targeting metal complexes are emphasized to outline some new perspectives and help in the design of new cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Huynh
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry, Paris, F-75005, France
- Gastroenterology and technologies for Health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Robin Vinck
- Orano, 125 avenue de Paris, Châtillon, 92320, France
| | - Benjamin Gibert
- Gastroenterology and technologies for Health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry, Paris, F-75005, France
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3
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Peng Y, Yang Z, Sun H, Li J, Lan X, Liu S. Nanomaterials in Medicine: Understanding Cellular Uptake, Localization, and Retention for Enhanced Disease Diagnosis and Therapy. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0206-1. [PMID: 38421835 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) have emerged as promising tools for disease diagnosis and therapy due to their unique physicochemical properties. To maximize the effectiveness and design of NMs-based medical applications, it is essential to comprehend the complex mechanisms of cellular uptake, subcellular localization, and cellular retention. This review illuminates the various pathways that NMs take to get from the extracellular environment to certain intracellular compartments by investigating the various mechanisms that underlie their interaction with cells. The cellular uptake of NMs involves complex interactions with cell membranes, encompassing endocytosis, phagocytosis, and other active transport mechanisms. Unique uptake patterns across cell types highlight the necessity for customized NMs designs. After internalization, NMs move through a variety of intracellular routes that affect where they are located subcellularly. Understanding these pathways is pivotal for enhancing the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents and imaging probes. Furthermore, the cellular retention of NMs plays a critical role in sustained therapeutic efficacy and long-term imaging capabilities. Factors influencing cellular retention include nanoparticle size, surface chemistry, and the cellular microenvironment. Strategies for prolonging cellular retention are discussed, including surface modifications and encapsulation techniques. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms governing cellular uptake, subcellular localization, and cellular retention of NMs is essential for advancing their application in disease diagnosis and therapy. This review provides insights into the intricate interplay between NMs and biological systems, offering a foundation for the rational design of next-generation nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Peng
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhengshuang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinling Li
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiuwan Lan
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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4
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Zlotnikov ID, Ezhov AA, Dobryakova NV, Kudryashova EV. Disulfide Cross-Linked Polymeric Redox-Responsive Nanocarrier Based on Heparin, Chitosan and Lipoic Acid Improved Drug Accumulation, Increased Cytotoxicity and Selectivity to Leukemia Cells by Tumor Targeting via "Aikido" Principle. Gels 2024; 10:157. [PMID: 38534575 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We have developed a micellar formulation of anticancer drugs based on chitosan and heparin grafted with lipoic and oleic acids that can release the cytotoxic cargo (doxorubicin) in response to external stimuli, such as increased glutathione concentration-a hallmark of cancer. Natural polysaccharides (heparin and chitosan) provide the pH sensitivity of the nanocarrier: the release of doxorubicin (Dox) is enhanced in a slightly acidic environment (tumor microenvironment). Fatty acid residues are necessary for the formation of nanoparticles (micelles) and solubilization of cytostatics in a hydrophobic core. Lipoic acid residues provide the formation of a labile S-S cross-linking between polymer chains (the first variant) or covalently attached doxorubicin molecules through glutathione-sensitive S-S bridges (the second variant)-both determine Redox sensitivity of the anticancer drugs carriers stable in blood circulation and disintegrate after intracellular uptake in the tumor cells. The release of doxorubicin from micelles occurs slowly (20%/6 h) in an environment with a pH of 7.4 and the absence of glutathione, while in a slightly acidic environment and in the presence of 10 mM glutathione, the rate increases up to 6 times, with an increase in the effective concentration up to 5 times after 7 h. The permeability of doxorubicin in micellar formulations (covalent S-S cross-linked and not) into Raji, K562, and A875 cancer cells was studied using FTIR, fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). We have shown dramatically improved accumulation, decreased efflux, and increased cytotoxicity compared to doxorubicin control with three tumor cell lines: Raji, K562, and A875. At the same time, cytotoxicity and permeability for non-tumor cells (HEK293T) are significantly lower, increasing the selectivity index against tumor cells by several times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor D Zlotnikov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Ezhov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Dobryakova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Kudryashova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Gong Z, Peng S, Cao J, Tan H, Zhao H, Bai J. Advances in the variations and biomedical applications of stimuli-responsive nanodrug delivery systems. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:132001. [PMID: 38198449 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad170b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an important cancer treatment modality, but the clinical utility of chemotherapeutics is limited by their toxic side effects, inadequate distribution and insufficient intracellular concentrations. Nanodrug delivery systems (NDDSs) have shown significant advantages in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Variable NDDSs that respond to endogenous and exogenous triggers have attracted much research interest. Here, we summarized nanomaterials commonly used for tumor therapy, such as peptides, liposomes, and carbon nanotubes, as well as the responses of NDDSs to pH, enzymes, magnetic fields, light, and multiple stimuli. Specifically, well-designed NDDSs can change in size or morphology or rupture when induced by one or more stimuli. The varying responses of NDDSs to stimulation contribute to the molecular design and development of novel NDDSs, providing new ideas for improving drug penetration and accumulation, inhibiting tumor resistance and metastasis, and enhancing immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongying Gong
- College of Economics and Management, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Peng
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Cao
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, People's Republic of China
| | - Haining Tan
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- College of Economics and Management, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingkun Bai
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, People's Republic of China
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6
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Goswami R, Gupta A, Bednova O, Coulombe G, Patel D, Rotello VM, Leyton JV. Nuclear localization signal-tagged systems: relevant nuclear import principles in the context of current therapeutic design. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:204-226. [PMID: 38031452 PMCID: PMC10798298 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00269d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear targeting of therapeutics provides a strategy for enhancing efficacy of molecules active in the nucleus and minimizing off-target effects. 'Active' nuclear-directed transport and efficient translocations across nuclear pore complexes provide the most effective means of maximizing nuclear localization. Nuclear-targeting systems based on nuclear localization signal (NLS) motifs have progressed significantly since the beginning of the current millennium. Here, we offer a roadmap for understanding the basic mechanisms of nuclear import in the context of actionable therapeutic design for developing NLS-therapeutics with improved treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritabrita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Aarohi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Olga Bednova
- Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Gaël Coulombe
- Service des stages et du développement professionnel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Dipika Patel
- Service des stages et du développement professionnel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Jeffrey V Leyton
- École des sciences pharmaceutiques, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Strelnik ID, Dayanova IR, Faizullin BA, Mustafina AR, Gerasimova TP, Kolesnikov IE, Islamov DR, Litvinov IA, Voloshina AD, Sapunova AS, Gubaidullin AT, Musina EI, Karasik AA. Linkage of the Dinuclear Gold(I) Complex Luminescence and Origin of Endocyclic Amino Group of Cyclic P 2N 2-Bridging Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19474-19487. [PMID: 37983813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Gold(I) complexes of LAu2Cl2 composition based on P2N2 ligands, namely 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes, containing ethylpyridyl substituents at the phosphorus atoms and sp2- or sp3-hybridized endocyclic nitrogen atoms were synthesized. The SCXRD analysis indicated the strong impact of the geometry of the nitrogen atom on the structure and conformational flexibility of the complexes. The N-aryl substituted ligand with the planar endocyclic nitrogen atom provides higher flexibility of the complex and an ability to bind the solvent molecules in the "host-guest" mode, whereas that kind of behavior is forbidden for the complex with an N-alkyl substituted ligand with a pyramidal nitrogen atom. The substituents at nitrogen atoms also control the origin of the emission, which is phosphorescence for the N-aryl substituted complex and fluorescence for the N-alkylaryl substituted complex. The phosphorescent gold(I) complex displays high cytotoxicity without selectivity toward the m-HeLa and normal cells, but the core-shell nanoparticles formed on the base of the complex demonstrate reduced cytotoxicity. The luminescence of the NPs allows tracking the complexes in the cell samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor D Strelnik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Irina R Dayanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Bulat A Faizullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Asiya R Mustafina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Tatiana P Gerasimova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Ilya E Kolesnikov
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, St. Petersburg University, 5 Ulianovskaya Street, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Daut R Islamov
- Laboratory for Structural Analysis of Biomacromolecules, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Kremlevskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Igor A Litvinov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Alexandra D Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Anastasiia S Sapunova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Aidar T Gubaidullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Elvira I Musina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Andrey A Karasik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
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8
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Shaw S, Sarkar AK, Jana NR. Protein Delivery to the Cytosol and Cell Nucleus via Micellar Nanocarrier-Based Nonendocytic Uptake. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4200-4207. [PMID: 37712910 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Although efficient cell nucleus delivery of exogenous materials can greatly improve their biochemical activity, this is strictly restricted by cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking processes. In the current approach, synthetic carriers are designed for cell delivery of exogenous materials via endocytosis, and nucleus delivery can be achieved via endosomal escape. Here, we demonstrate that a nonendocytic cell uptake approach can be adapted for protein delivery to the cell nucleus. We have designed a phenylboronic acid-terminated micellar carrier that can bind with protein in the presence of green tea polyphenol and deliver protein into the cytosol via the nonendocytic approach. Using this approach, four different proteins are delivered to the cytosol within 15 min, and low-molecular weight proteins are delivered to the nucleus. The designed approach can be extended for delivering macromolecular drugs to subcellular targets for a more efficient therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Shaw
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Ankan Kumar Sarkar
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Nikhil R Jana
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata700032, India
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9
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Van Bavel N, Issler T, Pang L, Anikovskiy M, Prenner EJ. A Simple Method for Synthesis of Chitosan Nanoparticles with Ionic Gelation and Homogenization. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114328. [PMID: 37298804 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are known to have great utility in many fields (pharmaceutical, agricultural, food industry, wastewater treatment, etc.). In this study we aimed to synthesize sub-100 nm CNPs as a precursor of new biopolymer-based virus surrogates for water applications. We present a simple yet efficient synthesis procedure for obtaining high yield, monodisperse CNPs with size 68-77 nm. The CNPs were synthesized by ionic gelation using low molecular weight chitosan (deacetylation 75-85%) and tripolyphosphate as crosslinker, under rigorous homogenization to decrease size and increase uniformity, and purified by passing through 0.1 μm polyethersulfone syringe filters. The CNPs were characterized using dynamic light scattering, tunable resistive pulse sensing, and scanning electron microscopy. We demonstrate reproducibility of this method at two separate facilities. The effects of pH, ionic strength and three different purification methods on the size and polydispersity of CNP formation were examined. Larger CNPs (95-219) were produced under ionic strength and pH controls, and when purified using ultracentrifugation or size exclusion chromatography. Smaller CNPs (68-77 nm) were formulated using homogenization and filtration, and could readily interact with negatively charge proteins and DNA, making them an ideal precursor for the development of DNA-labelled, protein-coated virus surrogates for environmental water applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Van Bavel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Travis Issler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Liping Pang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, P.O. Box 29181, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand
| | - Max Anikovskiy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Elmar J Prenner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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10
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Song J, Liu C, Li B, Liu L, Zeng L, Ye Z, Wu W, Zhu L, Hu B. Synthetic peptides for the precise transportation of proteins of interests to selectable subcellular areas. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1062769. [PMID: 36890909 PMCID: PMC9986269 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1062769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins, as gifts from nature, provide structure, sequence, and function templates for designing biomaterials. As first reported here, one group of proteins called reflectins and derived peptides were found to present distinct intracellular distribution preferences. Taking their conserved motifs and flexible linkers as Lego bricks, a series of reflectin-derivates were designed and expressed in cells. The selective intracellular localization property leaned on an RMs (canonical conserved reflectin motifs)-replication-determined manner, suggesting that these linkers and motifs were constructional fragments and ready-to-use building blocks for synthetic design and construction. A precise spatiotemporal application demo was constructed in the work by integrating RLNto2 (as one representative of a synthetic peptide derived from RfA1) into the Tet-on system to effectively transport cargo peptides into nuclei at selective time points. Further, the intracellular localization of RfA1 derivatives was spatiotemporally controllable with a CRY2/CIB1 system. At last, the functional homogeneities of either motifs or linkers were verified, which made them standardized building blocks for synthetic biology. In summary, the work provides a modularized, orthotropic, and well-characterized synthetic-peptide warehouse for precisely regulating the nucleocytoplasmic localization of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Song
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chuanyang Liu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Baoshan Li
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liangcheng Liu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zonghuang Ye
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjian Wu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Biru Hu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Yang J, Griffin A, Qiang Z, Ren J. Organelle-targeted therapies: a comprehensive review on system design for enabling precision oncology. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:379. [PMID: 36402753 PMCID: PMC9675787 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major threat to human health. Among various treatment methods, precision therapy has received significant attention since the inception, due to its ability to efficiently inhibit tumor growth, while curtailing common shortcomings from conventional cancer treatment, leading towards enhanced survival rates. Particularly, organelle-targeted strategies enable precise accumulation of therapeutic agents in organelles, locally triggering organelle-mediated cell death signals which can greatly reduce the therapeutic threshold dosage and minimize side-effects. In this review, we comprehensively discuss history and recent advances in targeted therapies on organelles, specifically including nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum, while focusing on organelle structures, organelle-mediated cell death signal pathways, and design guidelines of organelle-targeted nanomedicines based on intervention mechanisms. Furthermore, a perspective on future research and clinical opportunities and potential challenges in precision oncology is presented. Through demonstrating recent developments in organelle-targeted therapies, we believe this article can further stimulate broader interests in multidisciplinary research and technology development for enabling advanced organelle-targeted nanomedicines and their corresponding clinic translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 201804 Shanghai, China
| | - Anthony Griffin
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA
| | - Zhe Qiang
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA
| | - Jie Ren
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 201804 Shanghai, China
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12
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Dick TA, Sone ED, Uludağ H. Mineralized vectors for gene therapy. Acta Biomater 2022; 147:1-33. [PMID: 35643193 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
There is an intense interest in developing materials for safe and effective delivery of polynucleotides using non-viral vectors. Mineralization of organic templates has long been used to produce complex materials with outstanding biocompatibility. However, a lack of control over mineral growth has limited the applicability of mineralized materials to a few in vitro applications. With better control over mineral growth and surface functionalization, mineralized vectors have advanced significantly in recent years. Here, we review the recent progress in chemical synthesis, physicochemical properties, and applications of mineralized materials in gene therapy, focusing on structure-function relationships. We contrast the classical understanding of the mineralization mechanism with recent ideas of mineralization. A brief introduction to gene delivery is summarized, followed by a detailed survey of current mineralized vectors. The vectors derived from calcium phosphate are articulated and compared to other minerals with unique features. Advanced mineral vectors derived from templated mineralization and specialty coatings are critically analyzed. Mineral systems beyond the co-precipitation are explored as more complex multicomponent systems. Finally, we conclude with a perspective on the future of mineralized vectors by carefully demarcating the boundaries of our knowledge and highlighting ambiguous areas in mineralized vectors. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Therapy by gene-based medicines is increasingly utilized to cure diseases that are not alleviated by conventional drug therapy. Gene medicines, however, rely on macromolecular nucleic acids that are too large and too hydrophilic for cellular uptake. Without tailored materials, they are not functional for therapy. One emerging class of nucleic acid delivery system is mineral-based materials. The fact that they can undergo controlled dissolution with minimal footprint in biological systems are making them attractive for clinical use, where safety is utmost importance. In this submission, we will review the emerging synthesis technology and the range of new generation minerals for use in gene medicines.
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Trends in the Design and Evaluation of Polymeric Nanocarriers: The In Vitro Nano-Bio Interactions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1357:19-41. [PMID: 35583639 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Different types of natural and synthetic polymeric nanocarriers are being tested for diverse biomedical applications ranging from drug/gene delivery vehicles to imaging probes. The development of such innovative nanoparticulate systems (NPs) should include in the very beginning of their conception a comprehensive evaluation of the nano-bio interactions. Specifically, intrinsic physicochemical properties as size, surface charge and shape may have an impact on cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, exocytosis and cyto- or genocompatibility. Those properties can be tuned for effectiveness purposes such as targeting intracellular organelles, but at the same time inducing unforeseen adverse nanotoxicological effects. Further, those properties may change due to the adsorption of biological components (e.g. proteins) with a tremendous impact on the cellular response. The evaluation of these NPs is highly challenging and has produced some controversial results. Future research work should focus on the standardization of analytical or computational methodologies, aiming the identification of toxicity trends and the generation of a useful meta-analysis database on polymeric nanocarriers.This chapter covers all the aforementioned aspects, emphasizing the importance of the in vitro cellular studies in the first stages of polymeric nanocarriers development.
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Liu Z, Zhou D, Liao L. pH/Redox/Lysozyme-Sensitive Hybrid Nanocarriers With Transformable Size for Multistage Drug Delivery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:882308. [PMID: 35480969 PMCID: PMC9035699 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.882308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of current nanocarriers in cancer treatment fail to deliver encapsulated cargos to their final targets at therapeutic levels, which decreases the ultimate efficacy. In this work, a novel core–shell nanocarrier with a biodegradable property was synthesized for efficient drug release and subcellular organelle delivery. Initially, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were grafted with terminal double bonds originating from N, N′-bisacrylamide cystamine (BAC). Then, the outer coatings consisting of chitosan (CTS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were deposited on the surface of modified AgNPs using an emulsion method. To improve the stability, disulfide-containing BAC was simultaneously reintroduced to cross-link CTS. The as-prepared nanoparticles (CAB) possessed the desired colloidal stability and exhibited a high drug loading efficiency of cationic anticancer agent doxorubicin (DOX). Furthermore, CAB was tailored to transform their size into ultrasmall nanovehicles responding to weak acidity, high glutathione (GSH) levels, and overexpressed enzymes. The process of transformation was accompanied by sufficient DOX release from CAB. Due to the triple sensitivity, CAB enabled DOX to accumulate in the nucleus, leading to a great effect against malignant cells. In vivo assays demonstrated CAB loading DOX held excellent biosafety and superior antitumor capacity. Incorporating all the benefits, this proposed nanoplatform may provide valuable strategies for efficient drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lan Liao
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Lan Liao,
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Ezzat AA, Tammam SN, Hanafi RS, Rashad O, Osama A, Abdelnaby E, Magdeldin S, Mansour S. Different Serum, Different Protein Corona! The Impact of the Serum Source on Cellular Targeting of Folic Acid-Modified Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1635-1646. [PMID: 35380849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nanoparticle (NP) protein corona represents an interface between biological components and NPs, dictating their cellular interaction and biological fate. To assess the success of cellular targeting, NPs modified with targeting ligands are incubated with target cells in serum-free culture medium or in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). In the former, the role of the corona is overlooked, and in the latter, the effects of a corona that does not represent the one forming in humans nor the respective disease state are considered. Via proteomic analysis, we demonstrate how the difference in the composition of FBS, sera from healthy human volunteers, and breast cancer patients (BrCr Pt) results in the formation of completely different protein coronas around the same NP. Successful in vitro targeting of breast cancer cells was only observed when NPs were incubated with target cells in the presence of BrCr Pt sera only. In such cases, the success of targeting was not attributed to the targeting ligand itself, but to the adsorption of specific serum proteins that facilitate NP uptake by cancer cells in the presence of BrCr Pt sera. This work therefore demonstrates how the serum source affects the reliability of in vitro experiments assessing NP-cell interactions and the consequent success or failure of active targeting and may in fact indicate an additional reason for the limited clinical success of drug targeting by NPs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya A Ezzat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salma N Tammam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha S Hanafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar Rashad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Osama
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, Department of Basic Research, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, 11441 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdelnaby
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, Department of Basic Research, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, 11441 Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sameh Magdeldin
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, Department of Basic Research, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, 11441 Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Samar Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566 Al Obour, Egypt
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16
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Trejo-Santillan I, Mendoza-Guevara CC, Ramos-Godinez MDP, Ramon-Gallegos E. Synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles conjugated with protoporphyrin IX and vitamin B9 for their application in photodynamic therapy. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2021; 21:490-495. [PMID: 34932482 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2021.3137276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One of the main obstacles of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) to damage and destroy abnormal cells is that most photosensitizers (Ps) have a highly hydrophobic nature with a tendency to aggregate in aqueous solutions and the non-specificity towards target cells. Nanotechnology proposes new tactics for the development of monomeric Ps nanotransporters and active targeting molecules with the use of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles to improve the specificity towards target cells. The goal of this work was to optimize the synthesis of chitosan polymeric nanoparticles conjugated with protoporphyrin IX and vitamin B9 (CNPs-PpIX-B9) by the ionic gelation method from the established protocol previously carried out by our laboratory with 1.74 times fold of efficiency. They were characterized by ultraviolet-visible and infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The optimal conditions for CNPs synthesis was found at pH 5.11. The nanoconjugate shapes were more homogeneous and the average size resulted in 19.92 nm ± 7.52 nm. CNPs-PpIX-B9 were stable after the filter sterilization method and highly thermostable.
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17
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Helmy LA, Abdel-Halim M, Hassan R, Sebak A, Farghali HAM, Mansour S, Tammam SN. The other side to the use of active targeting ligands; the case of folic acid in the targeting of breast cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 211:112289. [PMID: 34954516 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to its overexpression in cancer cells, the folate receptor (FR) is heavily exploited in the active targeting of nanoparticles (NPs). Its ligand, folic acid (FA) is as a consequence widely used as a NP targeting ligand. Although rather popular and successful in principle, recent data has shown that FA may result in breast cancer initiation and progression, which questions the suitability of FA as NP cancer targeting ligand. In this work, intravenous administration of free FA to healthy female mice resulted in breast tissue dysplasia, hyperplasia and in the increased expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), folate receptor (FR), cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15.3), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β. In addition to the reduction in IL2. To evaluate the suitability and safety of FA as NP targeting ligand in breast cancer, small (≈ 150 nm) and large (≈ 500 nm) chitosan NPs were formulated and decorated with two densities of FA. The success of active targeting by FA was confirmed in two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells) in comparison to HEK293 cells. FA modified NPs that demonstrated successful active targeting in-vitro were assessed in-vivo. Upon intravenous administration, large NPs modified with a high density of FA accumulated in the breast tissue and resulted in similar effects as those observed with free FA. These results therefore question the suitability of FA as a targeting ligand in breast cancer and shed light on the importance of considering the activity (other than targeting) of the ligands used in NP active targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama A Helmy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Raghda Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Sebak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haithem A M Farghali
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Samar Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy- Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Salma N Tammam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, Egypt.
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18
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Anticancer potential of hexamolybdenum clusters [{Mo6I8}(L)6]2− (L = CF3COO− and C6F5COO−) incorporated into different nanoparticulate forms. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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19
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The Evolution and Future of Targeted Cancer Therapy: From Nanoparticles, Oncolytic Viruses, and Oncolytic Bacteria to the Treatment of Solid Tumors. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113018. [PMID: 34835785 PMCID: PMC8623458 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While many classes of chemotherapeutic agents exist to treat solid tumors, few can generate a lasting response without substantial off-target toxicity despite significant scientific advancements and investments. In this review, the paths of development for nanoparticles, oncolytic viruses, and oncolytic bacteria over the last 20 years of research towards clinical translation and acceptance as novel cancer therapeutics are compared. Novel nanoparticle, oncolytic virus, and oncolytic bacteria therapies all start with a common goal of accomplishing therapeutic drug activity or delivery to a specific site while avoiding off-target effects, with overlapping methodology between all three modalities. Indeed, the degree of overlap is substantial enough that breakthroughs in one therapeutic could have considerable implications on the progression of the other two. Each oncotherapeutic modality has accomplished clinical translation, successfully overcoming the potential pitfalls promising therapeutics face. However, once studies enter clinical trials, the data all but disappears, leaving pre-clinical researchers largely in the dark. Overall, the creativity, flexibility, and innovation of these modalities for solid tumor treatments are greatly encouraging, and usher in a new age of pharmaceutical development.
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Aibani N, Rai R, Patel P, Cuddihy G, Wasan EK. Chitosan Nanoparticles at the Biological Interface: Implications for Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1686. [PMID: 34683979 PMCID: PMC8540112 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique properties of chitosan make it a useful choice for various nanoparticulate drug delivery applications. Although chitosan is biocompatible and enables cellular uptake, its interactions at cellular and systemic levels need to be studied in more depth. This review focuses on the various physical and chemical properties of chitosan that affect its performance in biological systems. We aim to analyze recent research studying interactions of chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) upon their cellular uptake and their journey through the various compartments of the cell. The positive charge of chitosan enables it to efficiently attach to cells, increasing the probability of cellular uptake. Chitosan NPs are taken up by cells via different pathways and escape endosomal degradation due to the proton sponge effect. Furthermore, we have reviewed the interaction of chitosan NPs upon in vivo administration. Chitosan NPs are immediately surrounded by a serum protein corona in systemic circulation upon intravenous administration, and their biodistribution is mainly to the liver and spleen indicating RES uptake. However, the evasion of RES system as well as the targeting ability and bioavailability of chitosan NPs can be improved by utilizing specific routes of administration and covalent modifications of surface properties. Ongoing clinical trials of chitosan formulations for therapeutic applications are paving the way for the introduction of chitosan into the pharmaceutical market and for their toxicological evaluation. Chitosan provides specific biophysical properties for effective and tunable cellular uptake and systemic delivery for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ellen K. Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (N.A.); (R.R.); (P.P.); (G.C.)
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21
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Tailoring of silica nanoarchitecture to optimize Cu(2−x)S based image-guided chemodynamic therapy agent. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Faizullin BA, Strelnik ID, Dayanova IR, Gerasimova TP, Kholin KV, Nizameev IR, Voloshina AD, Gubaidullin AT, Fedosimova SV, Mikhailov MA, Sokolov MN, Sibgatullina GV, Samigullin DV, Petrov KA, Karasik AA, Mustafina AR. Structure impact on photodynamic therapy and cellular contrasting functions of colloids constructed from dimeric Au(I) complex and hexamolybdenum clusters. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112355. [PMID: 34474903 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatically driven self-assembly of [Au2L2]2+ (L is cyclic PNNP ligand) with [{Mo6I8}(L')6]2- (L' = I-, CH3COO-) in aqueous solutions is introduced as facile route for combination of therapeutic and cellular contrasting functions within heterometallic colloids (Mo6-Au2). The nature of L' affects the size and aggregation behavior of crystalline Mo6-Au2 aggregates, which in turn affect the luminescence of the cluster units incorporated into Mo6-Au2 colloids. The spin trap facilitated electron spin resonance spectroscopy technique indicates that the level of ROS generated by Mo6-Au2 colloids is also affected by their size. Both (L' = I-, CH3COO-) Mo6-Au2 colloids undergo cell internalization, which is enhanced by their assembly with poly-DL-lysine (PL) for L' = CH3COO-, but remains unchanged for L' = I-. The colloids PL-Mo6-Au2 (L' = CH3COO-) are visualized as huge crystalline aggregates both outside and inside the cell cytoplasm by confocal microscopy imaging of the incubated cells, while the smaller sized (30-50 nm) PL-Mo6-Au2 (L' = I-) efficiently stain the cell nuclei. Quantitative colocalization analysis of PL-Mo6-Au2 (L' = CH3COO-) in lysosomal compartments points to the fast endo-lysosomal escape of the colloids followed by their intracellular aggregation. The cytotoxicity of PL-Mo6-Au2 differs from that of Mo6 and Au2 blocks, predominantly acting through apoptotic pathway. The photodynamic therapeutic effect of the PL-Mo6-Au2 colloids on the cancer cells correlates with their intracellular trafficking and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulat A Faizullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation; Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya str., 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Igor D Strelnik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Irina R Dayanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana P Gerasimova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill V Kholin
- Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev - KAI, 10 K. Marx str., 420111 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Irek R Nizameev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra D Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Aidar T Gubaidullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana V Fedosimova
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya str., 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim A Mikhailov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim N Sokolov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Guzel V Sibgatullina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevski str., 420111 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Samigullin
- Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev - KAI, 10 K. Marx str., 420111 Kazan, Russian Federation; Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevski str., 420111 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Petrov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Karasik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Asiya R Mustafina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
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Enhanced anti-bacterial effect of kojic acid using gelatinized core liposomes: A potential approach to combat antibiotic resistance. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sakla M, Breitinger U, Breitinger HG, Mansour S, Tammam SN. Delivery of trans-membrane proteins by liposomes; the effect of liposome size and formulation technique on the efficiency of protein delivery. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120879. [PMID: 34265391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Channelopathies are disorders caused by reduced expression or impaired function of ion channels. Most current therapies rely on symptomatic treatment without addressing the underlying cause. We have recently established proof of principle for delivery of functional ion channel protein into the membrane of target cells using fusogenic liposomes incorporating glycine receptor (GlyR)-containing cell membrane fragments (CMF) that were formulated by thin film hydration. Here, the effect of liposome size and the formulation technique on the performance of the delivery vehicle was assessed. Three types of liposomes were prepared using lecithin and cholesterol, (i) small (SL), and (ii) large (LL) liposomes made by thin film hydration, and (iii) small liposomes prepared by vortex agitation (V-SL). All liposomes were evaluated for their ability to (i) incorporate GlyR-rich CMF, (ii) fuse with the cell membrane of target cells and (iii) deliver functional GlyR, as assessed by patch-clamp electrophysiology. SL prepared by thin film hydration offered the most effective delivery of glycine receptors that gave clear glycine-mediated currents in target cells. LL showed higher incorporation of CMF, but did not effectively fuse with the target cell membrane, while V-SL did not incorporate sufficient amounts of CMF. Additionally, SL showed minimalin vivotoxicity upon intrathecal injection in mice. Thus, liposome-mediated delivery of membrane proteins may be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sakla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ulrike Breitinger
- Department of Biochemistry, The German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Samar Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salma N Tammam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo, Egypt.
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Wu Y, Jiang L, Dong Z, Chen S, Yu XY, Tang S. Intracellular Delivery of Proteins into Living Cells by Low-Molecular-Weight Polyethyleneimine. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4197-4208. [PMID: 34188469 PMCID: PMC8232877 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s315444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intracellular protein delivery is emerging as a potential strategy to revolutionize therapeutics in the field of biomedicine, aiming at treating a wide range of diseases including cancer, inflammatory diseases and other oxidative stress-related disorders with high specificity. However, the current challenges and limitations are addressed to either synthetically or biologically through multipotency of engineering, such as protein modification, insufficient delivery of large-size proteins, deficiency or mutation of proteins, and high cytotoxicity. Methods We prepared the nanocomposites by mixing protein with PEI1200 at a certain molar ratio and demonstrated that it can deliver proteins into living cells in high efficiency and safety through the following experiments, such as dynamic light scattering, fluorescent detection, agarose gel electrophoresis, ß-Galactosidase activity detection, immunofluorescence staining, digital fluorescent detection, cell viability assay and flow cytometry. Results The self-assembly of PEI1200/protein nanocomposites with appropriate molar ratio (4:1 and 8:1) could provide efficiently delivery of active proteins to a variety of cell types in the presence of serum. The nanocomposites could continuously release protein up to 96 h in their desired intracellular locations. In addition, these nanocomposites were able to preserve protein activity while maintain low cytotoxicity (when final concentration <1 μg/mL). Conclusion Collectively, PEI1200-based delivery system provided an alternative strategy to direct protein delivery in high efficiency and safety, offering increased potential applications in clinical biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Biomedical Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Biomedical Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoxian Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Biomedical Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
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Xu W, Zhou M, Guo Z, Lin S, Li M, Kang Q, Xu Y, Zhang X, Xie J. Impact of macroporous silica nanoparticles at sub-50nm on bio-behaviors and biosafety in drug-resistant cancer models. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 206:111912. [PMID: 34147925 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo bio-behaviors and biosafety of nanoparticles were demonstrated to be closely correlated with particle sizes, which illustrated whether they could be used as the effective drug delivery carriers. Though tumor penetration capabilities of the small pore sized-mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were reported to be in a particle size-dependent manner, the size effects of large pore sized-MSNs on the safe and effective cancer resistance treatment, especially at sub-50 nm, were not explicitly evaluated. In this study, we fabricate the 20 nm and 50 nm MSNs, and aim at investigating their difference in tumor accumulation, penetration, retention and toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that these two particle sized-MSNs possessed the excellent tumor penetration capabilities both in resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma cells-cultured spheroids and in the corresponding xenograft mice models, but the 50 nm MSNs seemed to have the better tumor accumulation and retention effects than the 20 nm MSNs. Moreover, the 50 nm MSNs displayed the lower toxicities than the 20 nm MSNs whatever on resistant cancer cell lines or on zebrafish embryos, indicating the greater systematic biosafety. In a word, our data provide the evidence that selection of the large pore-sized MSNs at the appropriate particle size (not the smaller the better) as bio-macromolecule nanocarriers will play a key role in the safe and effective treatment against cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Zhihan Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Sijin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Qi Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xiaokun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
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Escaping the endosome: assessing cellular trafficking mechanisms of non-viral vehicles. J Control Release 2021; 335:465-480. [PMID: 34077782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral vehicles hold therapeutic promise in advancing the delivery of a variety of cargos in vitro and in vivo, including small molecule drugs, biologics, and especially nucleic acids. However, their efficacy at the cellular level is limited by several delivery barriers, with endolysosomal degradation being most significant. The entrapment of vehicles and their cargo in the acidified endosome prevents access to the cytosol, nucleus, and other subcellular compartments. Understanding the factors that contribute to uptake and intracellular trafficking, especially endosomal entrapment and release, is key to overcoming delivery obstacles within cells. In this review, we summarize and compare experimental techniques for assessing the extent of endosomal escape of a variety of non-viral vehicles and describe proposed escape mechanisms for different classes of lipid-, polymer-, and peptide-based delivery agents. Based on this evaluation, we present forward-looking strategies utilizing information gained from mechanistic studies to inform the rational design of efficient delivery vehicles.
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Recent advances in peptide-targeted micelleplexes: Current developments and future perspectives. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120362. [PMID: 33556489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The decoding of the human genome revolutionized the understanding of how genetics influence the interplay between health and disease, in a multidisciplinary perspective. Thus, the development of exogenous nucleic acids-based therapies has increased to overcome hereditary or acquired genetic-associated diseases. Gene drug delivery using non-viral systems, for instance micelleplexes, have been recognized as promising options for gene-target therapies. Micelleplexes are core-shell structures, at a nanometric scale, designed using amphiphilic block copolymers. These can self-assemble in an aqueous medium, leading to the formation of a hydrophilic and positively charged corona - that can transport nucleic acids, - and a hydrophobic core - which can transport poor water-soluble drugs. However, the performance of these types of carriers usually is hindered by several in vivo barriers. Fortunately, due to a significant amount of research, strategies to overcome these shortcomings emerged. With a wide range of structural features, good stability against proteolytic degradation, affordable characteristic, easy synthesis, low immunogenicity, among other advantages, peptides have increasingly gained popularity as target ligands for non-viral carriers. Hence, this review addresses the use of peptides with micelleplexes illustrating, through the analysis of in vitro and in vivo studies, the potential and future perspectives of this combination.
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Fumoto S, Yamamoto T, Okami K, Maemura Y, Terada C, Yamayoshi A, Nishida K. Understanding In Vivo Fate of Nucleic Acid and Gene Medicines for the Rational Design of Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020159. [PMID: 33530309 PMCID: PMC7911509 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid and genetic medicines are increasingly being developed, owing to their potential to treat a variety of intractable diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the in vivo fate of these agents is vital for the rational design, discovery, and fast and straightforward development of the drugs. In case of intravascular administration of nucleic acids and genetic medicines, interaction with blood components, especially plasma proteins, is unavoidable. However, on the flip side, such interaction can be utilized wisely to manipulate the pharmacokinetics of the agents. In other words, plasma protein binding can help in suppressing the elimination of nucleic acids from the blood stream and deliver naked oligonucleotides and gene carriers into target cells. To control the distribution of these agents in the body, the ligand conjugation method is widely applied. It is also important to understand intracellular localization. In this context, endocytosis pathway, endosomal escape, and nuclear transport should be considered and discussed. Encapsulated nucleic acids and genes must be dissociated from the carriers to exert their activity. In this review, we summarize the in vivo fate of nucleic acid and gene medicines and provide guidelines for the rational design of drugs.
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Ristovski Trifunović J, Žižak Ž, Marković S, Janković N, Ignjatović N. Chitosan nanobeads loaded with Biginelli hybrids as cell-selective toxicity systems with a homogeneous distribution of the cell cycle in cancer treatment. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41542-41550. [PMID: 35516580 PMCID: PMC9057800 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08085c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydropyrimidines are a class of azaheterocycles, also called Biginelli hybrids (obtained from the Biginelli reaction), that have attracted an enormous interest in the medicinal chemistry community in recent years, due to a broad biological activity, such as anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antituberculosis activities, etc. According to SciFinder®, more than 70 000 different Biginelli-like compounds have been covered in publications. However, although the Biginelli reaction can yield a large number of compounds with a broad range of activities, none of them have been captured in a carrier. In this study, chitosan-based (Ch) nanoparticles (NPs) containing three different molecules (Biginelli hybrids) were developed and tested for the first time as simple and promising vehicles for anticancer Biginelli-based drugs. The key features of NPs, such as size, surface morphology, drug encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release were systematically investigated. Rather weak cell selectivity of pure Biginelli hybrids (A–C) to selected cancer cell lines has improved and this has been accompanied with two-to-four times stronger cytotoxic effect of A–C loaded Ch NPs, with a triple reduction in toxicity to healthy cells (MRC-5). It has been observed that the examined NPs induce apoptosis. The cell cycle analysis has confirmed the influence of A-loaded Ch (A-Ch), B-loaded Ch (B-Ch), and C-loaded Ch (C-Ch) on the cell cycle distribution, which was homogenously affected. This is the difference with regard to the effect of A, B, and C on the cell cycle. It has been established that the increased selectivity and antitumor activity of NPs are related to the presence of the carrier. Chitosan nanoparticles containing tetrahydropyrimidines were developed and tested for the first time as simple and promising vehicles for anticancer Biginelli-based drugs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Ristovski Trifunović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Željko Žižak
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia Pasterova 14 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Smilja Marković
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts Knez Mihailova 35/IV, P.O. Box 377 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Nenad Janković
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, University of Kragujevac Jovana Cvijića bb 34000 Kragujevac Serbia
| | - Nenad Ignjatović
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts Knez Mihailova 35/IV, P.O. Box 377 11000 Belgrade Serbia
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Fu X, Shi Y, Qi T, Qiu S, Huang Y, Zhao X, Sun Q, Lin G. Precise design strategies of nanomedicine for improving cancer therapeutic efficacy using subcellular targeting. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:262. [PMID: 33154350 PMCID: PMC7644763 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic efficacy against cancer relies heavily on the ability of the therapeutic agents to reach their final targets. The optimal targets of most cancer therapeutic agents are usually biological macromolecules at the subcellular level, which play a key role in carcinogenesis. Therefore, to improve the therapeutic efficiency of drugs, researchers need to focus on delivering not only the therapeutic agents to the target tissues and cells but also the drugs to the relevant subcellular structures. In this review, we discuss the most recent construction strategies and release patterns of various cancer cell subcellular-targeting nanoformulations, aiming at providing guidance in the overall design of precise nanomedicine. Additionally, future challenges and potential perspectives are illustrated in the hope of enhancing anticancer efficacy and accelerating the translational progress of precise nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglei Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Tongtong Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shengnan Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhao
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Qifeng Sun
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Guimei Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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He Z, Zhang Y, Khan AR, Ji J, Yu A, Zhai G. A novel progress of drug delivery system for organelle targeting in tumour cells. J Drug Target 2020; 29:12-28. [PMID: 32698651 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1797051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
At present, malignant tumours have become one of the most serious diseases that endanger human health. According to a survey on causes of death in Chinese population in early 1990s, the malignant tumours were the second leading cause of death. In the treatment of tumours, the ideal situation is that drugs should target and accumulate at tumour sites and destroy tumour cells specifically, without affecting normal cells and stem cells with regenerative capacity. This requires drugs to be specifically transported to the target organs, tissues, cells, and even specific organelles, like mitochondria, nuclei, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and Golgi apparatus (GA). The nano drug delivery system can not only protect drugs from degradation but also facilitate functional modification and targeted drug delivery to the tumour site. This article mainly reviews the targeting of nano drug delivery systems to tumour cytoplasmic matrix, nucleus, mitochondria, ER, and lysosomes. Organelle-specific drug delivery system will be a major mean of targeting drug delivery with lower toxicity, less dosage and higher drug concentration in tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Abdur Rauf Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jianbo Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Aihua Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
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33
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Azzam M, El Safy S, Abdelgelil SA, Weiskirchen R, Asimakopoulou A, de Lorenzi F, Lammers T, Mansour S, Tammam S. Targeting Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells Using Collagen-Binding Chitosan Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery to Fibrotic Livers. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E590. [PMID: 32630415 PMCID: PMC7356502 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) are the main orchestrators of the fibrotic cascade in inflamed livers, with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) being the most potent pro-fibrotic cytokine. Hence, aHSCs serve as interesting therapeutic targets. However, drug delivery to aHSCs is hindered by excessive collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and capillarization of liver sinusoids. Chitosan-nanoparticles (CS-NPs) show intrinsic affinity for collagen, holding potential for drug delivery to fibrotic livers. Here, we employed CS-NPs for anti-TGF-β siRNA delivery, promoting delivery into aHSCs via modification with platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta binding peptides. In-vitro experiments using aHSCs demonstrated the association of unmodified CS-NPs to the collagen-rich ECM, with reduced intracellular accumulation. Peptide-modified CS-NPs showed a higher propensity to localize intracellularly; however, this was only the case upon ECM-collagen reduction via collagenase treatment. Peptide-modified CS-NPs were more potent than unmodified CS-NPs in reducing TGF-β expression, implying that while collagen binding promotes liver accumulation, it hinders cell-specific siRNA delivery. In-vivo, CS-NPs successfully accumulated in fibrotic livers via collagen binding. Similar to in-vitro findings, when mice were pretreated with collagenase-loaded CS-NPs, the accumulation of peptide-modified NPs increased. Our findings demonstrate the usefulness of NPs modification with targeting ligands and collagenase treatment for aHSCs targeting and highlight the importance of chitosan-collagen binding in drug delivery to fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menna Azzam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), 11835 Cairo, Egypt; (M.A.); (S.E.S.); (S.A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Sara El Safy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), 11835 Cairo, Egypt; (M.A.); (S.E.S.); (S.A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Sarah A. Abdelgelil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), 11835 Cairo, Egypt; (M.A.); (S.E.S.); (S.A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.W.); (A.A.)
| | - Anastasia Asimakopoulou
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.W.); (A.A.)
| | - Federica de Lorenzi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.d.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.d.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Samar Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), 11835 Cairo, Egypt; (M.A.); (S.E.S.); (S.A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Salma Tammam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), 11835 Cairo, Egypt; (M.A.); (S.E.S.); (S.A.A.); (S.M.)
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34
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Shetab Boushehri MA, Dietrich D, Lamprecht A. Nanotechnology as a Platform for the Development of Injectable Parenteral Formulations: A Comprehensive Review of the Know-Hows and State of the Art. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060510. [PMID: 32503171 PMCID: PMC7356945 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Within recent decades, the development of nanotechnology has made a significant contribution to the progress of various fields of study, including the domains of medical and pharmaceutical sciences. A substantially transformed arena within the context of the latter is the development and production of various injectable parenteral formulations. Indeed, recent decades have witnessed a rapid growth of the marketed and pipeline nanotechnology-based injectable products, which is a testimony to the remarkability of the aforementioned contribution. Adjunct to the ability of nanomaterials to deliver the incorporated payloads to many different targets of interest, nanotechnology has substantially assisted to the development of many further facets of the art. Such contributions include the enhancement of the drug solubility, development of long-acting locally and systemically injectable formulations, tuning the onset of the drug’s release through the endowment of sensitivity to various internal or external stimuli, as well as adjuvancy and immune activation, which is a desirable component for injectable vaccines and immunotherapeutic formulations. The current work seeks to provide a comprehensive review of all the abovementioned contributions, along with the most recent advances made within each domain. Furthermore, recent developments within the domains of passive and active targeting will be briefly debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam A. Shetab Boushehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-736428; Fax: +49-228-735268
| | - Dirk Dietrich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
- PEPITE EA4267, Institute of Pharmacy, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
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Zelmer C, Zweifel LP, Kapinos LE, Craciun I, Güven ZP, Palivan CG, Lim RYH. Organelle-specific targeting of polymersomes into the cell nucleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2770-2778. [PMID: 31988132 PMCID: PMC7022206 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916395117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Organelle-specific nanocarriers (NCs) are highly sought after for delivering therapeutic agents into the cell nucleus. This necessitates nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) to bypass nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). However, little is known as to how comparably large NCs infiltrate this vital intracellular barrier to enter the nuclear interior. Here, we developed nuclear localization signal (NLS)-conjugated polymersome nanocarriers (NLS-NCs) and studied the NCT mechanism underlying their selective nuclear uptake. Detailed chemical, biophysical, and cellular analyses show that karyopherin receptors are required to authenticate, bind, and escort NLS-NCs through NPCs while Ran guanosine triphosphate (RanGTP) promotes their release from NPCs into the nuclear interior. Ultrastructural analysis by regressive staining transmission electron microscopy further resolves the NLS-NCs on transit in NPCs and inside the nucleus. By elucidating their ability to utilize NCT, these findings demonstrate the efficacy of polymersomes to deliver encapsulated payloads directly into cell nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Zelmer
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludovit P Zweifel
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Larisa E Kapinos
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ioana Craciun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zekiye P Güven
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Roderick Y H Lim
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland;
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36
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Liu CG, Han YH, Kankala RK, Wang SB, Chen AZ. Subcellular Performance of Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:675-704. [PMID: 32103936 PMCID: PMC7008395 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s226186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of nanotechnology, various modes of traditional treatment strategies have been transformed extensively owing to the advantageous morphological, physiochemical, and functional attributes of nano-sized materials, which are of particular interest in diverse biomedical applications, such as diagnostics, sensing, imaging, and drug delivery. Despite their success in delivering therapeutic agents, several traditional nanocarriers often end up with deprived selectivity and undesired therapeutic outcome, which significantly limit their clinical applicability. Further advancements in terms of improved selectivity to exhibit desired therapeutic outcome toward ablating cancer cells have been predominantly made focusing on the precise entry of nanoparticles into tumor cells via targeting ligands, and subsequent delivery of therapeutic cargo in response to specific biological or external stimuli. However, there is enough room intracellularly, where diverse small-sized nanomaterials can accumulate and significantly exert potentially specific mechanisms of antitumor effects toward activation of precise cancer cell death pathways that can be explored. In this review, we aim to summarize the intracellular pathways of nanoparticles, highlighting the principles and state of their destructive effects in the subcellular structures as well as the current limitations of conventional therapeutic approaches. Next, we give an overview of subcellular performances and the fate of internalized nanoparticles under various organelle circumstances, particularly endosome or lysosome, mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus, by comprehensively emphasizing the unique mechanisms with a series of interesting reports. Moreover, intracellular transformation of the internalized nanoparticles, prominent outcome and potential affluence of these interdependent subcellular components in cancer therapy are emphasized. Finally, we conclude with perspectives with a focus on the contemporary challenges in their clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Guang Liu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, People’s Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Hui Han
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, People’s Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, People’s Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, Fujian361021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, People’s Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, Fujian361021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Zheng Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, People’s Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, Fujian361021, People’s Republic of China
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38
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El-Safy S, Tammam SN, Abdel-Halim M, Ali ME, Youshia J, Shetab Boushehri MA, Lamprecht A, Mansour S. Collagenase loaded chitosan nanoparticles for digestion of the collagenous scar in liver fibrosis: The effect of chitosan intrinsic collagen binding on the success of targeting. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 148:54-66. [PMID: 31945489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A variety of hepatic insults result in the accumulation of collagen-rich new extracellular matrix in the liver, ultimately culminating in liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. For such reasons, approaches looking into digestion of the collagen-rich extracellular matrix present an interesting therapeutic approach for cases of chronic liver disease, where the fibrotic scar is well established. Portal collagenase administration has recently led to the successful reversion of cirrhosis in an experimental rabbit model. Notwithstanding, the question of how such a sensitive therapeutic macromolecule could be administered in a less invasive manner, and in a way that preserves its functionality and avoids digestion of other non-hepatic vital collagen presents itself. Chitosan is a biodegradable polymer that has been reported to interact and bind to collagen. Chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) have also been reported to encapsulate therapeutic proteins, maintaining their functional form and protecting them from in-vivo degradation. For such reasons, CS NPs were loaded with collagenase and evaluated in-vitro and in-vivo for their ability to target and digest collagen. CS NPs were able to encapsulate collagenase (≈ 60% encapsulation efficiency) and release its content in active form. To determine whether chitosan's collagen interaction would enable NP collagen binding or whether the modification with collagen binding peptides (CBPs) is necessary, CS NPs were modified with the CBP; CCQDSETRTFY. Since the density of targeting ligand and the length of tether play a significant role in the success of active targeting, the surface of NPs was modified with different densities of the CBP either directly or using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacer. PEGylated NPs showed higher levels of CBP tagging; high, intermediate and low density of CBPs corresponded to 585.8 ± 33, 252.9 ± 25.3 and 56.5 ± 8.8 µg/mL for PEGylated NPs and 425.56 ± 12.67, 107.91 ± 10.3 and 49.86 ± 3.2 µg/mL for unPEGylated NPs, respectively. In-vitro collagen binding experiments showed that unmodified CS NPs were able to bind collagen and that modification with CBPs either directly or via PEG did not enhance collagen binding. In-vivo experiments demonstrated that unmodified CS NPs were able to reverse fibrosis with a survival rate of 100% at the end of the study, indicating the ability of CS NPs to deliver functional collagenase to the fibrotic liver and making the use of CBPs unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara El-Safy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salma N Tammam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Ali
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53121, Germany; Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - John Youshia
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53121, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Alf Lamprecht
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53121, Germany; PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgonge Franch-Comte, Besançon, France
| | - Samar Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo, Egypt
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Stephen ZR, Chiarelli PA, Revia RA, Wang K, Kievit F, Dayringer C, Jeon M, Ellenbogen R, Zhang M. Time-Resolved MRI Assessment of Convection-Enhanced Delivery by Targeted and Nontargeted Nanoparticles in a Human Glioblastoma Mouse Model. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4776-4786. [PMID: 31331912 PMCID: PMC6744959 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) provides direct access of infusates to brain tumors; however, clinical translation of this technology has not been realized because of the inability to accurately visualize infusates in real-time and lack of targeting modalities against diffuse cancer cells. In this study, we use time-resolved MRI to reveal the kinetics of CED processes in a glioblastoma (GBM) model using iron oxide nanoparticles (NP) modified with a glioma-targeting ligand, chlorotoxin (CTX). Mice bearing orthotopic human GBM tumors were administered a single dose of targeted CTX-conjugated NP (NPCP-CTX) or nontargeted NP (NPCP) via CED. High-resolution T2-weighted, T2*-weighted, and quantitative T2 MRI were utilized to image NP delivery in real time and determined the volume of distribution (VD) of NPs at multiple time points over the first 48 hours post-CED. GBM-specific targeting was evaluated by flow cytometry and intracellular NP localization by histologic assessment. NPCP-CTX produced a VD of 121 ± 39 mm3 at 24 hours, a significant increase compared with NPCP, while exhibiting GBM specificity and localization to cell nuclei. Notably, CED of NPCP-CTX resulted in a sustained expansion of VD well after infusion, suggesting a possible active transport mechanism, which was further supported by the presence of NPs in endothelial and red blood cells. In summary, we show that time-resolved MRI is a suitable modality to study CED kinetics, and CTX-mediated CED facilitates extensive distribution of infusate and specific targeting of tumor cells. SIGNIFICANCE: MRI is used to monitor convection-enhanced delivery in real time using a nanoparticle-based contrast agent, and glioma-specific targeting significantly improves the volume of distribution in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Stephen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter A Chiarelli
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Richard A Revia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Forrest Kievit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chris Dayringer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mike Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Richard Ellenbogen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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40
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Simpson JD, Smith SA, Thurecht KJ, Such G. Engineered Polymeric Materials for Biological Applications: Overcoming Challenges of the Bio-Nano Interface. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1441. [PMID: 31480780 PMCID: PMC6780590 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine has generated significant interest as an alternative to conventional cancertherapy due to the ability for nanoparticles to tune cargo release. However, while nanoparticletechnology has promised significant benefit, there are still limited examples of nanoparticles inclinical practice. The low translational success of nanoparticle research is due to the series ofbiological roadblocks that nanoparticles must migrate to be effective, including blood and plasmainteractions, clearance, extravasation, and tumor penetration, through to cellular targeting,internalization, and endosomal escape. It is important to consider these roadblocks holistically inorder to design more effective delivery systems. This perspective will discuss how nanoparticlescan be designed to migrate each of these biological challenges and thus improve nanoparticledelivery systems in the future. In this review, we have limited the literature discussed to studiesinvestigating the impact of polymer nanoparticle structure or composition on therapeutic deliveryand associated advancements. The focus of this review is to highlight the impact of nanoparticlecharacteristics on the interaction with different biological barriers. More specific studies/reviewshave been referenced where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Simpson
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Samuel A Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Kristofer J. Thurecht
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Georgina Such
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia;
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Liu BY, He XY, Xu C, Ren XH, Zhuo RX, Cheng SX. Peptide and Aptamer Decorated Delivery System for Targeting Delivery of Cas9/sgRNA Plasmid To Mediate Antitumor Genome Editing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:23870-23879. [PMID: 31257851 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A multiple-functionalized targeting delivery system was prepared by self-assembly for efficient delivery of Cas9/sgRNA plasmids to targeted tumor cell nuclei. The Cas9/sgRNA plasmids were compacted by protamine in the presence of calcium ions to form nanosized cores, which were further decorated by peptide and aptamer conjugated alginate derivatives. With the help of the nuclear location signal peptide and AS1411 aptamer with specific affinity for nucleolin in the tumor cell membrane and nuclei, the delivery vector can specifically deliver the plasmid to the nuclei of tumorous cells for knocking out the protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2) gene to down-regulate focal adhesion kinase (FAK). The tumor cell apoptosis induced by genome editing is mitochondrial-dependent. In addition, FAK knockout results in negative regulation on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Meanwhile, favorable modulation on various proteins involved in tumor progression can be realized by genome editing. The enhanced E-cadherin and decreased MMPs, vimentin, and VEGF imply the desirable effects of genome editing on suppression of tumor development. Wound healing and transwell assays confirm that the genome editing system can suppress tumor invasion and metastasis in edited cells efficiently. The investigation provides a facile and effective strategy to fabricate multiple-functionalized delivery vectors for genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-He Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Xi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Xue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
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Mukalel AJ, Riley RS, Zhang R, Mitchell MJ. Nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery: Applications in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2019; 458:102-112. [PMID: 31100411 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a powerful tool for cancer treatment. Early clinical successes from cancer immunotherapy have led to a growing list of FDA approvals, and many new therapies are in clinical and preclinical development. Nucleic acid therapeutics, including DNA, mRNA, and genome editing systems, hold significant potential as a form of immunotherapy due to its robust use in cancer vaccination, adoptive T-cell therapy, and gene regulation. However, these therapeutics must overcome numerous delivery obstacles to be successful, including rapid in vivo degradation, poor uptake into target cells, required nuclear entry, and potential in vivo toxicity in healthy cells and tissues. Nanoparticle delivery systems have been engineered to overcome several of these barriers as a means to safely and effectively deliver nucleic acid therapeutics to immune cells. In this Review, we discuss the applications of nucleic acid therapeutics in cancer immunotherapy, and we detail how nanoparticle platforms have been designed to deliver mRNA, DNA, and genome editing systems to enhance the potency and safety of these therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin J Mukalel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel S Riley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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43
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Nurunnabi M, Khatun Z, Badruddoza AZM, McCarthy JR, Lee YK, Huh KM. Biomaterials and Bioengineering Approaches for Mitochondria and Nuclear Targeting Drug Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Nurunnabi
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129 United States
| | - Zehedina Khatun
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111 United States
| | - Abu Zayed Md Badruddoza
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219 United States
| | - Jason R. McCarthy
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129 United States
| | - Yong-kyu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Moo Huh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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44
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Prevention of hepatic stellate cell activation using JQ1- and atorvastatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles as a promising approach in therapy of liver fibrosis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 134:96-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
As a consequence of their increase in annual production and widespread distribution in the environment, nanoparticles potentially pose a significant public health risk. The sought-after catalytic activity granted by their physiochemical properties doubles as a hazard to physiological processes following exposure through inhalation, oral, transdermal, subcutaneous, and intravenous uptake. Upon uptake into the body, their size, morphology, surface charge, coating, and chemical composition augment the response of biological systems to the materials and enhance their toxicity. Identification of each property is necessary to predict the harm imposed by foreign nanomaterials in the body. Assay methods ranging from endotoxin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) signaling to apoptosis and oxidative stress detection supply valuable techniques for exposing biomarkers of nanoparticle-induced cellular damage. Spectroscopic investigation of epithelial barrier permeation and distribution within living cells reveals the proclivity of nanoparticles to penetrate the body's natural defensive boundaries and deposit themselves in cytotoxic locations. Combination of the various characterization methodologies and assays is required for every new nanoparticulate system despite preexisting data for similar systems due to the lack of deterministic trends among investigated nanoparticles. The propensity of nanomaterials to denature proteins and oxidize substrates in their local environment generates significant concern for the applicability of several traditional in vitro assays, and the modification of susceptible approaches into novel methods suitable for the evaluation of nanoparticles comprises the focus of future work centered on nanoparticle toxicity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin T Savage
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - J Zach Hilt
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Thomas D Dziubla
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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46
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Tumor heterogeneity and nanoparticle-mediated tumor targeting: the importance of delivery system personalization. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1508-1526. [PMID: 30128797 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
After the discovery of the enhanced permeability and retention effect in 1986, it was envisioned that nanoparticle-mediated tumor-targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics would make a radical change in cancer therapy. However, after three decades of extensive research, only a few nanotherapeutics have been approved for clinical use. Although significant advantages of nanomedicines have been demonstrated in pre-clinical studies, clinical outcome was found to be variable. Advanced research has revealed that significant biochemical and structural variations exist between (and among) different tumors. These variations can considerably affect the tumor delivery and efficacy of nanomedicines. Tumor penetration is an important determining factor for positive therapeutic outcome and same nanomedicine can show diverse efficacy against different tumors depending on the extent of tumor accumulation and penetration. Recent research has started shading light on how the tumor variations can influence nanoparticle tumor delivery. These findings indicate that there is no "ideal" design of nanoparticles for exhibiting equally high efficacy against a broad spectrum of tumors. For achieving maximum benefit of the nanotherapeutics, it is necessary to analyze the tumor microenvironment for understanding the biological and structural characteristics of the tumor. Designing of the nanomedicine should be done according to the tumor characteristics. In this comprehensive review, we have first given a brief overview of the design characteristics of nanomedicine which impact their tumor delivery. Then we discussed about the variability in the tumor architecture and how it influences nanomedicine delivery. Finally, we have discussed the possibility of delivery system personalization based on the tumor characteristics.
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47
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Kang JW, Cho HJ, Lee HJ, Jin HE, Maeng HJ. Polyethylene glycol-decorated doxorubicin/carboxymethyl chitosan/gold nanocomplex for reducing drug efflux in cancer cells and extending circulation in blood stream. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:61-71. [PMID: 30521919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-decorated doxorubicin (Dox)/carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC)/gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been developed for cancer therapy. CMC was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the fabrication of AuNPs and Dox was loaded onto AuNPs as a chemotherapeutic agent. Dox-loaded CMC-stabilized AuNPs (Dox/CMC-AuNPs) with a mean diameter of 104.0 nm, zeta potential of -48.32 mV, and drug loading efficiency of 60.14% were prepared. PEG was attached to CMC-AuNPs for enhancing systemic drug exposure and prolonging the circulation in blood stream. Compared with Dox/CMC-AuNPs, Dox-loaded PEGylated CMC-AuNPs (Dox/CMC-AuNPs-PEG) showed a reduced hydrodynamic size (71.2 nm), less negative zeta potential (-12.83 mV), and an enhanced Dox loading efficiency (73.14%). Dox/CMC-AuNPs and Dox/CMC-AuNPs-PEG exhibited sustained and pH-dependent drug release profiles and exhibited antiproliferation effects against the A549 cells. In a bi-directional transport study of Caco-2 cell monolayers, AuNPs reduced the efflux ratio, which indicated that the P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) was overcome. Dox/CMC-AuNPs-PEG resulted in reduced drug clearance (CL) and improved half-life (t1/2), compared with Dox/CMC-AuNPs, in rats after intravenous administration. These results suggest that Dox/CMC-AuNPs-PEG could be a promising nanotherapeutic approach to overcome MDR in cancer and prolong their circulation in the blood stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Eon Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han-Joo Maeng
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea.
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Tiwari R, Jain P, Asati S, Haider T, Soni V, Pandey V. State-of-art based approaches for anticancer drug-targeting to nucleus. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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49
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The effect of the androstane lung cancer inhibitor content on the cell-selective toxicity of hydroxyapatite-chitosan-PLGA nanocomposites. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 89:371-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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50
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Nuclear and cytoplasmic delivery of lactoferrin in glioma using chitosan nanoparticles: Cellular location dependent-action of lactoferrin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 129:74-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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