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Wang L, Wu H, Wang Z, Ding Z, Zhao Y, Li S, Zhang H, Jia G, Gao L, Han J. Effects of hypromellose acetate succinate on recrystallization inhibition, miscibility, and dissolution enhancement of baloxavir marboxil solid dispersions. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132050. [PMID: 38777690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Solid dispersions (SDs) have emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients. However, SDs tend to recrystallize unless suitable excipients are utilized. This study aimed to facilitate the rational selection of polymers and formulation design by evaluating the impact of various polymers on the miscibility, and phase behavior of SDs using baloxavir marboxil (BXM) with a high crystallization tendency as a model drug. Meanwhile, the effects of these polymers on the solubility enhancement and recrystallization inhibition were also assessed. The results indicated that the miscibility limit of BXM for HPMCAS was around 40 % drug loading (DL), whereas for PVP, PVPVA, and HPMC approximately 20 % DL. The BXM-HPC system exhibited limited miscibility with DL of 10 % or higher. BXM SDs based on various polymers exhibited varying degrees of spontaneous phase separation once DL exceeded the miscibility limit. Interestingly, a correlation was discovered between the phase separation behavior and the ability of the polymer to inhibit recrystallization. BXM-HPMCAS SDs exhibited optimal dissolution performance, compared with other systems. In conclusion, the physicochemical properties of polymers significantly influence BXM SDs performance and the BXM-HPMCAS SDs might promote an efficient and stable drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Hengqian Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Zhengping Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Yanna Zhao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Suye Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Guangwei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Lingfeng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Jun Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China.
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2
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Autzen Virtanen A, Myślińska M, Healy AM, Power E, Madi A, Sivén M. The challenge of downstream processing of spray dried amorphous solid dispersions into minitablets designed for the paediatric population - A sustainable product development approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 196:106752. [PMID: 38518998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Poorly water-soluble drugs present a significant challenge in the development of oral solid dosage forms (OSDs). In formulation development the appropriate use of excipients to adjust solubility, and the choice of manufacturing method and pharmaceutical processes to obtain a dosage form to meet the needs of the patient group, is crucial. Preparing an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a well-established method for solubility enhancement, and spray drying (SD) a common manufacturing method. However, the poor flowability of spray dried materials poses a significant challenge for downstream processing. Promoting sustainability in OSD development involves embracing a versatile formulation design, which enables a broader spectrum of patients to use the product, as opposed to altering existing dosage forms retrospectively. The objective of the current study was to develop a formulation of spray dried indomethacin ASD suited to the production, by direct compression, of instant release paediatric minitablets. Excipients evaluated were PVP or HPMCAS in solid dispersions at the preformulation phase, and MCC and lactose as a filler in direct compression. From the studied formulations, a 3:1 ratio blend of Vivapur 200/Pharmatose 200 M (MCC/lactose) with 0.5% (w/w) magnesium stearate was found to be the most promising in tableting, and minitablets containing a 6.22% content of spray-dried ASD of indomethacin/PVP K 29-32 could be obtained with desired tablet hardness and pharmaceutical quality, complying with tests of weight variation and fast disintegration in an aqueous environment. As a case example, this study provides a good foundation for further studies in harnessing a sustainable approach to the development of pharmaceutical formulations that can appropriately serve different patient sub-populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Autzen Virtanen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Monika Myślińska
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie Healy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Ireland
| | - Eoin Power
- SK biotek Ireland, an SK pharmteco company, Ireland
| | - Atif Madi
- SK biotek Ireland, an SK pharmteco company, Ireland
| | - Mia Sivén
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, HELSUS, Finland
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3
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Okada K, Ono T, Hayashi Y, Kumada S, Onuki Y. Use of Time-Domain NMR for 1H T 1 Relaxation Measurement and Fitting Analysis in Homogeneity Evaluation of Amorphous Solid Dispersion. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:680-687. [PMID: 37659719 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the usefulness of 1H T1 relaxation measurements for evaluating the homogeneity of amorphous solid dispersion (ASD). Indomethacin and polyvinylpyrrolidone were used to prepare two kinds of ASDs. One was inhomogeneous ASD (ASDmelt) prepared by a melt-quenching method, and the other was homogeneous ASD (ASDsolvent) prepared by a solvent evaporation method. The T1 relaxation was measured by the time-domain NMR (TD-NMR) technique using a low-field NMR system. Curve-fitting analysis of T1 relaxation plots was conducted using the Akaike information criterion. This fitting analysis revealed that the T1 relaxation of ASDmelt and ASDsolvent was biphasic and monophasic, respectively. ASDmelt and ASDsolvent were inhomogeneous and homogeneous on a nanometer scale, respectively, considering the spin diffusion of 1H nuclei. These T1 results were consistent with the Raman mapping of ASDs. From the fitting analysis of 1H T1 relaxation, we conclude that TD-NMR is a promising technique for evaluating ASD homogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Okada
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ono
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 205-1 Shimoumezawa, Namerikawa-shi, Toyama 936-0857, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 205-1 Shimoumezawa, Namerikawa-shi, Toyama 936-0857, Japan
| | - Shungo Kumada
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 205-1 Shimoumezawa, Namerikawa-shi, Toyama 936-0857, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Onuki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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4
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Yu D, Nie H, Hoag SW. Comprehensive evaluation of polymer types and ratios in Spray-Dried Dispersions: Compaction, Dissolution, and physical stability. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123674. [PMID: 38061497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a well-established strategy for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. A significant portion of ASD products are in tablet form. However, the influence of common polymers and drug loading on the manufacturability of ASD tablets remains underexplored. This study focuses on investigating spray-dried ASDs from a tableting perspective by evaluating their physiochemical and mechanical properties. Itraconazole (ITZ) and indomethacin (IND), at the drug loadings ranging from 10% to 50%, were prepared with two polymers, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), serving as representative systems. Our findings revealed that increasing the drug loading resulted in a decreased surface area in ITZ-HPMCAS, IND-HPMCAS, and IND-PVP ASDs. However, this trend was not observed in ITZ-PVP dispersions, possibly due to the morphological disparities. Compaction results demonstrated that tabletability improved with decreasing drug loadings, except for ITZ-PVP dispersions. A partial least square analysis underscored particle surface area as the key factor influencing the tensile strength of ASD tablets. Additionally, our study disclosed that ITZ-PVP ASDs exhibited the worst release profiles and stability performance. The comprehensive journey from characterizing ASD particles to analyzing their compaction behavior and investigating drug release and physical stability offered profound insights into the attributes crucial for the downstream processing of amorphous pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyue Yu
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Haichen Nie
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Stephen W Hoag
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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5
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Zhang J, Shi X, Tao W. Curcumin amorphous solid dispersions benefit from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E50 to perform enhanced anti-inflammatory effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126507. [PMID: 37633564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The solubility and permeability enhancement of curcumin (Cur) is crucial for its manufacture and application in medical field. Herein, Cur amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) with enhanced drug solubility and permeability was formulated by Eudragit EPO (EuD) and biological macromolecules of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E50 (HPMC), and significant functions of HPMC for Cur ASDs were mainly studied. The results showed that the mean particle size of Cur decreased from more than 300 nm to less than 200 nm with the addition of HPMC in excipient aqueous solution evidenced by dynamic light scattering result, confirming that HPMC had the ability to inhibit crystallization by lowering drug-rich droplets in the initial mixing process. Innovatively for molecular dynamic modeling study, crystalline Cur molecules in EuD medium trended to aggregate while not for EuD/HPMC 1:1 and EuD/HPMC 3:1 medium. HPMC functioned as surfactant converted the arrangement of phospholipid bilayers to un-ordered, and un-ordered state of phospholipids lead to the enhancement of Cur transmembrane using HPMC as auxiliary excipient. Cur-EuD/HPMC 3:1 contributed greatly to the Cur permeability, leading to obtain superior relative oral bioavailability and anti-inflammatory effect. Cur ASDs with proper amount of HPMC can be rendered as outstanding therapeutic strategy for medical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Xianbao Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Tao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.
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6
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Moseson DE, Taylor LS. Crystallinity: A Complex Critical Quality Attribute of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4802-4825. [PMID: 37699354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Does the performance of an amorphous solid dispersion rely on having 100% amorphous content? What specifications are appropriate for crystalline content within an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) drug product? In this Perspective, the origin and significance of crystallinity within amorphous solid dispersions will be considered. Crystallinity can be found within an ASD from one of two pathways: (1) incomplete amorphization, or (2) crystal creation (nucleation and crystal growth). While nucleation and crystal growth is the more commonly considered pathway, where crystals originate as a physical stability failure upon accelerated or prolonged storage, manufacturing-based origins of crystallinity are possible as well. Detecting trace levels of crystallinity is a significant analytical challenge, and orthogonal methods should be employed to develop a holistic assessment of sample properties. Probing the impact of crystallinity on release performance which may translate to meaningful clinical significance is inherently challenging, requiring optimization of dissolution test variables to address the complexity of ASD formulations, in terms of drug physicochemical properties (e.g., crystallization tendency), level of crystallinity, crystal reference material selection, and formulation characteristics. The complexity of risk presented by crystallinity to product performance will be illuminated through several case studies, highlighting that a one-size-fits-all approach cannot be used to set specification limits, as the risk of crystallinity can vary widely based on a multitude of factors. Risk assessment considerations surrounding drug physicochemical properties, formulation fundamentals, physical stability, dissolution, and crystal micromeritic properties will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Moseson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Worldwide Research and Development Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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7
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Budiman A, Lailasari E, Nurani NV, Yunita EN, Anastasya G, Aulia RN, Lestari IN, Subra L, Aulifa DL. Ternary Solid Dispersions: A Review of the Preparation, Characterization, Mechanism of Drug Release, and Physical Stability. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2116. [PMID: 37631330 PMCID: PMC10459848 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with low water solubility has experienced a significant increase in recent years. These APIs present challenges in formulation, particularly for oral dosage forms, despite their considerable therapeutic potential. Therefore, the improvement of solubility has become a major concern for pharmaceutical enterprises to increase the bioavailability of APIs. A promising formulation approach that can effectively improve the dissolution profile and the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs is the utilization of amorphous systems. Numerous formulation methods have been developed to enhance poorly water-soluble drugs through amorphization systems, including co-amorphous formulations, amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), and the use of mesoporous silica as a carrier. Furthermore, the successful enhancement of certain drugs with poor aqueous solubility through amorphization has led to their incorporation into various commercially available preparations, such as ASDs, where the crystalline structure of APIs is transformed into an amorphous state within a hydrophilic matrix. A novel approach, known as ternary solid dispersions (TSDs), has emerged to address the solubility and bioavailability challenges associated with amorphous drugs. Meanwhile, the introduction of a third component in the ASD and co-amorphous systems has demonstrated the potential to improve performance in terms of solubility, physical stability, and processability. This comprehensive review discusses the preparation and characterization of poorly water-soluble drugs in ternary solid dispersions and their mechanisms of drug release and physical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Budiman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (E.L.); (N.V.N.); (E.N.Y.); (G.A.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Eli Lailasari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (E.L.); (N.V.N.); (E.N.Y.); (G.A.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Neng Vera Nurani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (E.L.); (N.V.N.); (E.N.Y.); (G.A.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Ellen Nathania Yunita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (E.L.); (N.V.N.); (E.N.Y.); (G.A.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Gracia Anastasya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (E.L.); (N.V.N.); (E.N.Y.); (G.A.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Rizqa Nurul Aulia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (E.L.); (N.V.N.); (E.N.Y.); (G.A.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Ira Novianty Lestari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (I.N.L.); (D.L.A.)
| | - Laila Subra
- Faculty of Bioeconomic and Health Sciences, Geomatika University College, Kuala Lumpur 54200, Malaysia;
| | - Diah Lia Aulifa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (I.N.L.); (D.L.A.)
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8
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Olsson M, Govender R, Diaz A, Holler M, Menzel A, Abrahmsén-Alami S, Sadd M, Larsson A, Matic A, Liebi M. Multiscale X-ray imaging and characterisation of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2023:123200. [PMID: 37414373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
A correlative, multiscale imaging methodology for visualising and quantifying the morphology of solid dosage forms by combining ptychographic X-ray computed nanotomography (PXCT) and scanning small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (S/WAXS) is presented. The methodology presents a workflow for multiscale analysis, where structures are characterised from the nanometre to millimetre regime. Here, the method is demonstrated by characterising a hot-melt extruded, partly crystalline, solid dispersion of carbamazepine in ethyl cellulose. Characterisation of the morphology and solid-state phase of the drug in solid dosage forms is central as this affects the performance of the final formulation. The 3D morphology was visualised at a resolution of 80 nm over an extended volume through PXCT, revealing an oriented structure of crystalline drug domains aligned in the direction of extrusion. Scanning S/WAXS, showed that the nanostructure is similar over the cross section of the extruded filament, with minor radial changes in domain sizes and degree of orientation. The polymorphic forms of carbamazepine were qualified with WAXS, showing a heterogeneous distribution of the metastable forms I and II. This demonstrates the methodology for multiscale structural characterization and imaging to enable a better understanding of the relationships between morphology, performance, and processing conditions of solid dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Olsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rydvikha Govender
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, SE-43183 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ana Diaz
- Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Holler
- Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Menzel
- Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Susanna Abrahmsén-Alami
- Innovation Strategies & External Liaison, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, SE-43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthew Sadd
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anette Larsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden; FibRe-Centre for Lignocellulose-based Thermoplastics, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aleksandar Matic
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden; FibRe-Centre for Lignocellulose-based Thermoplastics, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marianne Liebi
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden; Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland; Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland
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9
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Vasilev NA, Voronin AP, Surov AO, Perlovich GL. Influence of Co-amorphization on the Physical Stability and Dissolution Performance of an Anthelmintic Drug Flubendazole. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1657-1669. [PMID: 36732935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the co-amorphization approach was applied to flubendazole (FluBZ), resulting in the formation of two novel solid forms of FluBZ with l-phenylalanine (Phe) and l-tryptophan (Trp). A variety of physicochemical techniques have been used to describe new systems, including powder X-ray diffraction, thermal methods, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Co-amorphization has been shown to suppress crystallization tendency and considerably increase the shelf-life storage of amorphous flubendazole solid across a wide range of relative humidities. The dissolution behavior of the amorphous forms in biorelevant media at pH = 1.6, pH = 6.5, and 37 °C has been studied in terms of Cmax (maximum FluBZ concentration), Tmax (time to attain peak drug concentration), and AUC (concentration area under the curve during dissolution). At pH = 6.5, a continuous supersaturation and the highest AUC value of all examined systems were observed for the FluBZ-Phe (1:1) system. The phase solubility diagrams revealed that the reason for the better dissolution performance of FluBZ-Phe (1:1) at pH = 6.5 is a complexation between the components in a solution. This work highlights the applicability of co-amorphous systems in improving the physical stability and dissolution performance of drug compounds with poor biopharmaceutical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A Vasilev
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, 153045Ivanovo, Russia
| | | | - Artem O Surov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, 153045Ivanovo, Russia
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10
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Supersaturation and phase behavior during dissolution of amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122524. [PMID: 36549404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a promising strategy to enhance solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Due to higher free energy of ASD, supersaturated drug solution could be generated during dissolution. When amorphous solubility of a drug is exceeded, drug-rich nanodroplets could form and act as a reservoir to maintain the maximum free drug concentration in solution, facilitating the absorption of the drug in vivo. Dissolution behavior of ASD has received increasing interests. This review will focus on the recent advances in ASD dissolution, including the generation and maintenance of supersaturated drug solution in absence or presence of liquid-liquid phase separation. Mechanism of drug release from ASD including polymer-controlled dissolution and drug-controlled dissolution will be introduced. Formation of amorphous drug-rich nanodroplets during dissolution and the underlying mechanism will be discussed. Phase separation morphology of hydrated ASD plays a critical role in dissolution behavior of ASD, which will be highlighted. Supersaturated drug solution shows poor physical stability and tends to crystallize. The effect of polymer and surfactant on supersaturated drug solution will be demonstrated and some unexpected results will be shown. Physicochemical properties of drug and polymer could impact ASD dissolution and some of them even show opposite effect on dissolution and physical stability of ASD in solid state, respectively. This review will contribute to a better understanding of ASD dissolution and facilitate a rational design of ASD formulation.
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11
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Considerations on the Kinetic Processes in the Preparation of Ternary Co-Amorphous Systems by Milling. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010172. [PMID: 36678800 PMCID: PMC9866880 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In non-strongly interacting co-amorphous systems, addition of a polymer, to further stabilize the co-amorphous systems, may influence the phase behavior between the components. In this study, the evolution of the composition of the amorphous phase in the ternary system carvedilol (CAR)-tryptophan (TRP)-hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) was investigated, based upon previously formed and characterized binary systems to which the third component was added (CAR - TRP + HPMC, CAR - HPMC + TRP and TRP - HPMC + CAR). Ball milling was used as the preparation method for all binary and ternary systems. The influence of the milling time on the co-amorphous systems was monitored by DSC and XRPD. Addition of HPMC reduced the miscibility of CAR with TRP due to hydrogen bond formation between CAR and polymer. These bonds became dominant for the interaction pattern. In addition, when CAR or TRP exceeded the miscibility limit in HPMC, phase separation and eventually crystallization of CAR and TRP was observed. All ternary co-amorphous systems eventually reached the same composition, albeit following different paths depending on the initially used binary system.
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12
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Considerations in the Development of Physically Stable High Drug Load API- Polymer Amorphous Solid Dispersions in the Glassy State. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:8-18. [PMID: 35948156 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this Commentary, the authors expand on their earlier studies of the solid-state long-term isothermal crystallization of amorphous API from the glassy state in amorphous solid dispersions, and focus on the effects of polymer concentration, and its implications for producing high load API doses with minimum polymer concentration. After presenting an overview of the various mechanistic factors which influence the ability of polymers to inhibit API crystallization, including the chemical structure of the polymer relative to the API, the nature and strength of API-polymer noncovalent interactions, polymer molecular weight, impact on primary diffusive molecular mobility, as well as on secondary motions in the bulk and surface phases of the glass, we consider in more detail, the effects of polymer concentration. Here, we examine the factors that appear to allow relatively low polymer concentrations, i.e., less than 10%w/w polymer, to greatly reduce crystallization, including a focus on the heterogeneous structure of the glassy state, and the possible spatial distribution and concentration of polymer in certain key regions of the glass. This is followed by a review and analysis of examples in the recent literature focused on determining the minimum polymer concentration in an amorphous solid dispersion, capable of producing optimally stable high drug load amorphous dispersions.
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13
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Song S, Wang C, Zhang B, Sun CC, Lodge TP, Siegel RA. A Rheological Approach for Predicting Physical Stability of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:204-212. [PMID: 36030843 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Miscibility is an important indicator of physical stability against crystallization of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Currently available methods for miscibility determination have both theoretical and practical limitations. Here we report a method of miscibility determination based on the overlap concentration, c*, which can be conveniently determined from the viscosity-composition diagram. The determined c* values for ASDs of two model drugs, celecoxib and loratadine, with four different grades of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), were correlated strongly with the physical stability of ASDs. This result suggests potential application of the c* concept in guiding the design of stable high drug loaded ASD formulations. A procedure is provided to facilitate broader adoption of this methodology. The procedure is easy to apply and widely applicable for thermally stable binary drug/polymer combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Ronald A Siegel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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14
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Aikawa S, Tanaka H, Ueda H, Maruyama M, Higaki K. Formation of a Stable Co-Amorphous System for a Brick Dust Molecule by Utilizing Sodium Taurocholate with High Glass Transition Temperature. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:84. [PMID: 36678713 PMCID: PMC9864160 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brick dust molecules are usually poorly soluble in water and lipoidal components, making it difficult to formulate them in dosage forms that provide efficient pharmacological effects. A co-amorphous system is an effective strategy to resolve these issues. However, their glass transition temperatures (Tg) are relatively lower than those of polymeric amorphous solid dispersions, suggesting the instability of the co-amorphous system. This study aimed to formulate a stable co-amorphous system for brick dust molecules by utilizing sodium taurocholate (NaTC) with a higher Tg. A novel neuropeptide Y5 receptor antagonist (AntiY5R) and NaTC with Tg of 155 °C were used as the brick dust model and coformer, respectively. Ball milling formed a co-amorphous system for AntiY5R and NaTC (AntiY5R-NaTC) at various molar ratios. Deviation from the theoretical Tg value and peak shifts in Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated intermolecular interactions between AntiY5R and NaTC. AntiY5R-NaTC at equal molar ratios resulting in an 8.5-fold increase in AntiY5R solubility over its crystalline form. The co-amorphous system remained amorphous for 1 month at 25 °C and 40 °C. These results suggest that the co-amorphous system formed by utilizing NaTC as a coformer could stably maintain the amorphous state and enhance the solubility of brick dust molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Aikawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Formulation Research Department, Formulation R&D Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Hyogo 660-0813, Japan
| | - Hironori Tanaka
- Formulation Research Department, Formulation R&D Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Hyogo 660-0813, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Bioanalytical, Analysis and Evaluation Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Masato Maruyama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Higaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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15
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Hatanaka Y, Uchiyama H, Kadota K, Tozuka Y. Designing amorphous formulations of polyphenols with naringin by spray-drying for enhanced solubility and permeability. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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16
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Recent Advances in Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Preformulation, Formulation Strategies, Technological Advancements and Characterization. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102203. [PMID: 36297638 PMCID: PMC9609913 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are among the most popular and widely studied solubility enhancement techniques. Since their inception in the early 1960s, the formulation development of ASDs has undergone tremendous progress. For instance, the method of preparing ASDs evolved from solvent-based approaches to solvent-free methods such as hot melt extrusion and Kinetisol®. The formulation approaches have advanced from employing a single polymeric carrier to multiple carriers with plasticizers to improve the stability and performance of ASDs. Major excipient manufacturers recognized the potential of ASDs and began introducing specialty excipients ideal for formulating ASDs. In addition to traditional techniques such as differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and X-ray crystallography, recent innovations such as nano-tomography, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray microscopy support a better understanding of the microstructure of ASDs. The purpose of this review is to highlight the recent advancements in the field of ASDs with respect to formulation approaches, methods of preparation, and advanced characterization techniques.
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17
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Shi Q, Chen H, Wang Y, Wang R, Xu J, Zhang C. Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Role of the Polymer and Its Importance in Physical Stability and In Vitro Performance. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081747. [PMID: 36015373 PMCID: PMC9413000 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions stabilized by one or more polymer(s) have been widely used for delivering amorphous drugs with poor water solubilities, and they have gained great market success. Polymer selection is important for preparing robust amorphous solid dispersions, and considerations should be given as to how the critical attributes of a polymer can enhance the physical stability, and the in vitro and in vivo performances of a drug. This article provides a comprehensive overview for recent developments in the understanding the role of polymers in amorphous solid dispersions from the aspects of nucleation, crystal growth, overall crystallization, miscibility, phase separation, dissolution, and supersaturation. The critical properties of polymers affecting the physical stability and the in vitro performance of amorphous solid dispersions are also highlighted. Moreover, a perspective regarding the current research gaps and novel research directions for better understanding the role of the polymer is provided. This review will provide guidance for the rational design of polymer-based amorphous pharmaceutical solids with desired physicochemical properties from the perspective of physical stability and in vitro performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Haibiao Chen
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Ruoxun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Jia Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (C.Z.)
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18
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Koromili M, Kapourani A, Koletti A, Papandreou G, Assimopoulou AN, Lazari D, Barmpalexis P. Preparation and Evaluation of Siderol Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Selection of Suitable Matrix/Carrier. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:214. [PMID: 35918468 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) for the ent-kaurane diterpenoid siderol (SDR). Initially, evaluation of the pure drug (isolated from Sideritis scardica) revealed that the API is a non-stable glass former, and hence the selection of a suitable ASD's matrix/carrier needs special attention. For this reason, four commonly used polymers and copolymers, namely poly(vinylpyrrolidone), copovidone, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and Soluplus® (SOL), were screened via film casting and crystal growth rate measurements. Amongst them, SOL showed the highest SDR's crystal growth rate reduction, and, since it was also miscible with the drug, it was selected for further testing. In this direction, SDR-SOL ASDs were successfully prepared via melt-quench cooling. These formulations showed full API amorphization, while good physical stability (i.e., a stable SDR amorphous dispersions) were obtained after storage for several months. Finally, evaluation of molecular interactions (with the aid of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy) showed strong H-bonds between SOL and SDR, while the use of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations unraveled the nature of these interactions. Therefore, based on the findings of the present work, SOL seems to be an appropriate matrix/carrier for the preparation of SDR ASDs, although further studies are needed in order to explore its full potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koromili
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Division of Pharmacognosy-Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Afroditi Kapourani
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antigoni Koletti
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence-AUTH (NatPro-AUTH), 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Papandreou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreana N Assimopoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence-AUTH (NatPro-AUTH), 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Diamanto Lazari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Division of Pharmacognosy-Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece. .,Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence-AUTH (NatPro-AUTH), 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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19
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Du Y, Su Y. 19F Solid-state NMR characterization of pharmaceutical solids. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2022; 120:101796. [PMID: 35688018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR has been increasingly recognized as a high-resolution and versatile spectroscopic tool to characterize drug substances and products. However, the analysis of pharmaceutical materials is often carried out at natural isotopic abundance and a relatively low drug loading in multi-component systems and therefore suffers from challenges of low sensitivity. The fact that fluorinated therapeutics are well represented in pipeline drugs and commercial products offers an excellent opportunity to utilize fluorine as a molecular probe for pharmaceutical analysis. We aim to review recent advancements of 19F magic angle spinning NMR methods in modern drug research and development. Applications to polymorph screening at the micromolar level, structural elucidation, and investigation of molecular interactions at the Ångström to submicron resolution in drug delivery, stability, and quality will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, United States; Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, IN, 47907, United States; Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States.
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20
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Butreddy A. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate as an exceptional polymer for amorphous solid dispersion formulations: A review from bench to clinic. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 177:289-307. [PMID: 35872180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are a proven system for achieving a supersaturated state of drug, in which the concentration of drug is greater than its crystalline solubility. The usage of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Acetate Succinate (HPMCAS) in the development of ASDs has grown significantly, as evidenced by the fact that majority of commercially approved ASD formulations are based on HPMCAS. HPMCAS has been widely utilized as a solubility enhancer and precipitation inhibitor or stabilizer to achieve supersaturation and inhibit crystallization of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract. The characteristics of HPMCAS ASDs such as less hygroscopic, strong drug-polymer hydrophobic interactions, high solubilization efficiency, greater potential to generate, maintain drug supersaturation and crystallization inhibition outperform other polymeric carriers in ASD development. Furthermore, combining HPMCAS with other polymers or surfactants as ternary ASDs could be a viable approach for enhancing oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs. This review discusses the concepts of supersaturation maintenance or precipitation inhibition of HPMCAS in the ASD formulations. In addition, the mechanisms underlying for improved dissolution performance, oral bioavailability and stability of HPMCAS ASDs are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Butreddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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21
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Alzahrani A, Nyavanandi D, Mandati P, Adel Ali Youssef A, Narala S, Bandari S, Repka M. A systematic and robust assessment of hot-melt extrusion-based amorphous solid dispersions: Theoretical prediction to practical implementation. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121951. [PMID: 35753536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) have gained attention as a formulation strategy in recent years, with the potential to improve the apparent solubility and, hence, the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. The process of formulating ASDs is commonly faced with challenges owing to the intrinsic physical and chemical instability of the initial amorphous form and the long-term physical stability of drug formulations. Numerous research publications on hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology have demonstrated that it is the most efficient approach for manufacturing reasonably stable ASDs. The HME technique has been established as a faster scale-up production strategy for formulation evaluation and has the potential to minimize the time to market. Thermodynamic evaluation and theoretical predictions of drug-polymer solubility and miscibility may assist to reduce the product development cost by HME. This review article highlights robust and established prediction theories and experimental approaches for the selection of polymeric carriers for the development of hot melt extrusion based stable amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). In addition, this review makes a significant contribution to the literature as a pilot guide for ASD assessment, as well as to confirm the drug-polymer compatibility and physical stability of HME-based formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677; Department of Pharmacy, East Jeddah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah 22253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dinesh Nyavanandi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Preethi Mandati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Michael Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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22
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Norfloxacin co-amorphous salt systems: Effects of molecular descriptors on the formation and physical stability of co-amorphous systems. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Zhang Q, Durig T, Blass B, Fassihi R. Development of an amorphous based sustained release system for apremilast a selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor. Int J Pharm 2022; 615:121516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Borde S, Paul SK, Chauhan H. Ternary solid dispersions: classification and formulation considerations. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:1011-1028. [PMID: 33818224 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1908342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The number of active pharmaceutical compounds from the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) belonging to Class II and IV have significantly increased in recent years. These compounds have high therapeutic potential but are difficult to formulate as oral dosage forms due to their poor aqueous solubility. The solubility and bioavailability of these poorly water-soluble compounds can be increased by various formulation approaches, such as amorphous solid dispersions (ASD), salt formation, complexations, etc. Out of these techniques, the ASD approach, where compounds are converted into amorphous form and embedded in the hydrophilic matrix, have been successfully used in many marketed preparations. The recent advancement of this ASD approach is the design of ternary solid dispersions (TSD), where an additional component is added to further improve their performance in terms of solubility, stability, and processability. This review discusses the classification, mechanism of performance improvement, preparation techniques, and characterizations for TSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhavi Borde
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sagar Kumar Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Harsh Chauhan
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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25
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Thakore SD, Akhtar J, Jain R, Paudel A, Bansal AK. Analytical and Computational Methods for the Determination of Drug-Polymer Solubility and Miscibility. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2835-2866. [PMID: 34041914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the pharmaceutical industry, poorly water-soluble drugs require enabling technologies to increase apparent solubility in the biological environment. Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) has emerged as an attractive strategy that has been used to market more than 20 oral pharmaceutical products. The amorphous form is inherently unstable and exhibits phase separation and crystallization during shelf life storage. Polymers stabilize the amorphous drug by antiplasticization, reducing molecular mobility, reducing chemical potential of drug, and increasing glass transition temperature in ASD. Here, drug-polymer miscibility is an important contributor to the physical stability of ASDs. The current Review discusses the basics of drug-polymer interactions with the major focus on the methods for the evaluation of solubility and miscibility of the drug in the polymer. Methods for the evaluation of drug-polymer solubility and miscibility have been classified as thermal, spectroscopic, microscopic, solid-liquid equilibrium-based, rheological, and computational methods. Thermal methods have been commonly used to determine the solubility of the drug in the polymer, while other methods provide qualitative information about drug-polymer miscibility. Despite advancements, the majority of these methods are still inadequate to provide the value of drug-polymer miscibility at room temperature. There is still a need for methods that can accurately determine drug-polymer miscibility at pharmaceutically relevant temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth D Thakore
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Junia Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ranjna Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE) GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Arvind K Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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26
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Ueda H, Hirakawa Y, Tanaka H, Miyano T, Sugita K. Applicability of an Experimental Grade of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Acetate Succinate as a Carrier for Formation of Solid Dispersion with Indomethacin. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030353. [PMID: 33800229 PMCID: PMC8001926 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The transformation of a crystalline drug into an amorphous form is a promising way to enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Blending of a carrier, such as a hydrophilic polymer, with an amorphous drug is a widely used method to produce a solid dispersion and inhibit crystallization. This study investigates an experimental grade of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, HPMCAS-MX (MX), as a solid dispersion carrier. Enhancement of thermal stability and reduction of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of MX compared with those of the conventional grade were evaluated through thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The formation of a homogeneous amorphous solid dispersion between MX and indomethacin was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction analysis, DSC, and Raman mapping. It was observed that 10–30% MX did not act as an anti-plasticizer, but the utilization of >40% MX caused an increase in Tg and reduction of molecular mobility. This could be explained by a change in intermolecular interactions, inferred from infrared spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis. HPMCAS-MX exhibited similar performance to that of conventional-grade, HPMCAS-MG. Although HPMCAS-MX has thermal properties different from those of conventional-grade HPMCAS-MG, it retains its ability as a solid dispersion carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueda
- Physical Chemistry, Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan; (T.M.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuya Hirakawa
- Biologics, Laboratory for Advanced Medicine Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan;
| | - Hironori Tanaka
- Formulation R&D Laboratory, Formulation Design Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Hyogo 660-0813, Japan;
| | - Tetsuya Miyano
- Physical Chemistry, Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan; (T.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Katsuji Sugita
- Physical Chemistry, Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan; (T.M.); (K.S.)
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27
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Fan N, Li J, Li J. Advantages of introducing an effective crystalline inhibitor in curcumin amorphous solid dispersions formulated by Eudragit E100. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:185-192. [PMID: 33793808 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper was to elucidate the advantages of using an effective crystalline inhibitor, which was hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E5 (HPMC), in inhibiting crystallisation for curcumin amorphous solid dispersion (Cur ASDs) formulated by Eudragit E100 (E100). METHODS Physical characterisation such as differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction revealed the solid state during the formation of dispersion and clarified the compatibility between Cur and excipient. KEY FINDINGS The liquidity of excipient and the change of Tg in Cur ASDs demonstrated that the addition of HPMC can reduce molecule motion of the whole system, improve Tg of Cur ASDs and inhibit crystallisation of Cur ASDs. The water uptake experiment and molecular dynamic modelling further confirmed the effective solution and matrix crystallisation inhibition role of HPMC. CONCLUSIONS The elucidation of HPMC as auxiliary excipient on inhibiting crystallisation for Cur ASDs will bring huge value in designing Cur ASDs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Fan
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jingyang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, PR China
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Yang D, Liu C, Piao H, Quan P, Fang L. Enhanced Drug Loading in the Drug-in-Adhesive Transdermal Patch Utilizing a Drug-Ionic Liquid Strategy: Insight into the Role of Ionic Hydrogen Bonding. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1157-1166. [PMID: 33504154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Though pharmaceutical polymers were widely used in inhibiting drug recrystallization via strong intermolecular hydrogen and ionic bonds, the improved drug stability was achieved at the cost of the drug release rate or amount in the drug-in-adhesive transdermal patch. To overcame the difficulty, this study aimed to increase drug loading utilizing a novel drug-ionic liquid (drug-IL) strategy and illustrate the underlying molecular mechanism. Here, naproxen (NPX) and triamylamine (TAA) were chosen as the model drug and corresponding counterion, respectively. In addiiton, carboxylic pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) was chosen as the model polymer. The drug-IL (NPX-TAA) was synthesized and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The miscibility between NPX-TAA and PSA was assessed using microscopy study, X-ray diffraction, fluorescence spectroscopy, and solubility parameter calculation. In addition, molecular mechanisms of crystallization inhibition were revealed by FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, DSC, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and molecular docking. Finally, the release pattern of the high load patch of NPX-TAA was evaluated using in vitro drug release and verified by a skin permeation experiment. The results showed that drug loading in PSA was increased by 5.0 times, which was caused by the synergistic effect of strong ionic hydrogen bonding (the decreased intensity and blue shift of the O-H peak of COOH in PSA) formed between NPX-TAA and PSA-COO- and normal hydrogen bonding (red shift of the C═O peak in PSA) formed between NPX-TAA and the carbonyl group of PSA. In addition, -NH+ of TAA was confirmed as the molecular basis of ionic hydrogen bonding through new peak appearance (binding energy: 400.0 eV) in XPS spectra. Moreover, high drug release percent (80.8 ± 1.8%) was achieved even at high drug loading compared with the control group (72.4 ± 2.2%). Thus, this study introduced an effective drug-IL method to enhance drug loading capacity and illustrated the brand-new action mechanism, which provided a powerful instrument for the development of a high drug loading-high release patch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Huiqing Piao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Peng Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
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29
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Luebbert C, Stoyanov E, Sadowski G. Phase behavior of ASDs based on hydroxypropyl cellulose. Int J Pharm X 2021; 3:100070. [PMID: 33409486 PMCID: PMC7773875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2020.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel polymeric carriers for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are highly demanded in pharmaceutical industry to improve the bioavailability of poorly-soluble drug candidates. Besides established polymer candidates, hydroxypropyl celluloses (HPC) comes more and more into the focus of ASD production since they have the availability to stabilize drug molecules in aqueous media against crystallization. The thermodynamic long-term stability of HPC ASDs with itraconazole and fenofibrate was predicted in this work with PC-SAFT and compared to three-months enduring long-term stability studies. The glass-transition temperature is a crucial attribute of a polymer, but in case of HPC hardly detectable by differential scanning calorimetry. By investigating the glass transition of HPC blends with a miscible polymer, we were for the first time able to estimate the HPC glass transition. Although both, fenofibrate and itraconazole reveal a very low crystalline solubility in HPC regardless of the HPC molecular weight, we observed that low-molecular weight HPC grades such as HPC-UL prevent fenofibrate crystallization for a longer period than the higher molecular weight HPC grades. As predicted, the ASDs with higher drug load underwent amorphous phase separation according to the differential scanning calorimetry thermograms. This work thus showed that it is possible to predict critical drug loads above which amorphous phase separation and/or crystallization occurs in HPC ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edmont Stoyanov
- Nisso Chemical Europe GmbH, Berliner Allee 42, D-40212 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gabriele Sadowski
- amofor GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Str. 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.,TU Dortmund University, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
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30
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Sharma J, Singh B, Agrawal AK, Bansal AK. Correlationship of Drug-Polymer Miscibility, Molecular Relaxation and Phase Behavior of Dipyridamole Amorphous Solid Dispersions. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1470-1479. [PMID: 33333143 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In present work, a correlationship among quantitative drug-polymer miscibility, molecular relaxation and phase behavior of the dipyridamole (DPD) amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), prepared with co-povidone (CP), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMC P) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMC AS) has been investigated. Miscibility predicted using melting point depression approach for DPD with CP, HPMC P and HPMC AS at 25 °C was 0.93% w/w, 0.55% w/w and 0.40% w/w, respectively. Stretched relaxation time (τβ) for DPD ASDs, measured using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) at common degree of undercooling, was in the order of DPD- CP > DPD-HPMC P > DPD-HPMC AS ASDs. Phase behavior of 12 months aged (25 ± 5 °C and 0% RH) spray dried 60% w/w ASDs was tracked using MDSC. Initial ASD samples had homogeneous phase revealed by single glass transition temperature (Tg) in the MDSC. MDSC study of aged ASDs revealed single-phase DPD-CP ASD, amorphous-amorphous and amorphous-crystalline phase separated DPD-HPMC P and DPD-HPMC AS ASDs, respectively. The results were supported by X-ray micro computed tomography and confocal laser scanning microscopy studies. This study demonstrated a profound influence of drug-polymer miscibility on molecular mobility and phase behavior of ASDs. This knowledge can help in designing "physical stable" ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Balwant Singh
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Agrawal
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Arvind K Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
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Nair AR, Lakshman YD, Anand VSK, Sree KSN, Bhat K, Dengale SJ. Overview of Extensively Employed Polymeric Carriers in Solid Dispersion Technology. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:309. [PMID: 33161493 PMCID: PMC7649155 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid dispersion is the preferred technology to prepare efficacious forms of BCS class-II/IV APIs. To prepare solid dispersions, there exist a wide variety of polymeric carriers with interesting physicochemical and thermochemical characteristics available at the disposal of a formulation scientist. Since the advent of the solid dispersion technology in the early 1960s, there have been more than 5000 scientific papers published in the subject area. This review discusses the polymeric carrier properties of most extensively used polymers PVP, Copovidone, PEG, HPMC, HPMCAS, and Soluplus® in the solid dispersion technology. The literature trends about preparation techniques, dissolution, and stability improvement are analyzed from the Scopus® database to enable a formulator to make an informed choice of polymeric carrier. The stability and extent of dissolution improvement are largely dependent upon the type of polymeric carrier employed to formulate solid dispersions. With the increasing acceptance of transfer dissolution setup in the research community, it is required to evaluate the crystallization/precipitation inhibition potential of polymers under dynamic pH shift conditions. Further, there is a need to develop a regulatory framework which provides definition and complete classification along with necessarily recommended studies to characterize and evaluate solid dispersions.
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Shi Q, Li F, Yeh S, Wang Y, Xin J. Physical stability of amorphous pharmaceutical solids: Nucleation, crystal growth, phase separation and effects of the polymers. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119925. [PMID: 33011255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Compared to their crystalline forms, amorphous pharmaceutical solids present marvelous potential and advantages for effectively improving the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. A central issue in developing amorphous pharmaceutical solids is the stability against crystallization, which is particularly important for maintaining their advantages in solubility and dissolution rate. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent studies focusing on the physical stability of amorphous pharmaceutical solids affected by nucleation, crystal growth, phase separation and the addition of polymers. Moreover, we highlight the novel technologies and theories in the field of amorphous pharmaceutical solids. Meanwhile, the challenges and strategies in maintaining the physical stability of amorphous pharmaceutical solids are also discussed. With a better understanding of physical stability, the more robust amorphous pharmaceutical formulations with desired pharmaceutical performance would be easier to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Fang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Stacy Yeh
- Department of Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem 27103, USA
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Junbo Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
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Liu J, Grohganz H, Rades T. Influence of polymer addition on the amorphization, dissolution and physical stability of co-amorphous systems. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Li N, Cape JL, Mankani BR, Zemlyanov DY, Shepard KB, Morgen MM, Taylor LS. Water-Induced Phase Separation of Spray-Dried Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4004-4017. [PMID: 32931293 PMCID: PMC7539301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Spray
drying is widely used in the manufacturing of amorphous solid
dispersion (ASD) systems due to its fast drying rate, enabling kinetic
trapping of the drug in amorphous form. Spray-drying conditions, such
as solvent composition, can have a profound impact on the properties
of spray-dried dispersions. In this study, the phase behavior of spray-dried
dispersions from methanol and methanol–water mixtures was assessed
using ritonavir and copovidone [poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate)
(PVPVA)] as dispersion components. The resultant ASDs were characterized
using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fluorescence spectroscopy,
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), as well as surface-normalized
dissolution rate (SNDR) measurements. Quaternary phase diagrams were
calculated using a four-component Flory–Huggins model. It was
found that the addition of water to the solvent system can lead to
phase separation during the spray-drying process. A 10:90 H2O/MeOH solvent system caused a minor extent of phase separation.
Phase heterogeneity in the 50 and 75% drug loading ASDs prepared from
this spray solvent can be detected using DSC but not with other techniques
used. The 25% drug loading system did not show phase heterogeneity
in solid-state characterization but exhibited a compromised dissolution
rate compared to that of the miscible ASD prepared from H2O-free solvent. This is possibly due to the formation of slow-releasing
drug-rich phases upon phase separation. ASDs prepared with a 60:40
H2O/MeOH solvent mixture showed phase heterogeneity with
all analytical methods used. The surface composition of dispersion
particles as measured by fluorescence spectroscopy and XPS showed
good agreement, suggesting surface drug enrichment of the spray-dried
ASD particles prepared from this solvent system. Calculated phase
diagrams and drying trajectories were consistent with experimental
observations, suggesting that small variations in solvent composition
may cause significant changes in ASD phase behavior during drying.
These findings should aid in spray-drying process development for
ASD manufacturing and can be applied broadly to assess the risk of
phase separation for spray-drying systems using mixed organic solvents
or other solvent-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road Unit 3092, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jonathan L Cape
- Research & Development, Lonza Pharma and Biotech, 1201 NW Wall Street, Suite 200, Bend, Oregon 97703, United States
| | - Bharat R Mankani
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,MarqMetrix Inc., Emerald Landing, 2157 N Northlake Way #240, Seattle, Washington 98103, United States
| | - Dmitry Y Zemlyanov
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kimberly B Shepard
- Research & Development, Lonza Pharma and Biotech, 1201 NW Wall Street, Suite 200, Bend, Oregon 97703, United States
| | - Michael M Morgen
- Research & Development, Lonza Pharma and Biotech, 1201 NW Wall Street, Suite 200, Bend, Oregon 97703, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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35
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Han J, Wei Y, Lu Y, Wang R, Zhang J, Gao Y, Qian S. Co-amorphous systems for the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs: recent advances and an update. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1411-1435. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1796631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Runze Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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36
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Zhang H, Liu X, Ma X. The preparation of felodipine/zein amorphous solid dispersions and in vitro evaluation using a dynamic gastrointestinal system. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:1226-1237. [PMID: 32787680 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1809456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRCT Felodipine has been widely used as a poorly water-soluble model drug for various studies to improve its oral bioavailability and in vivo efficacy. In this study, we developed amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) via spray drying to enhance the bioavailability of felodipine through using natural zein protein as a novel polymeric excipient. The solid state characterization results demonstrated a single glass transition temperature (Tg ) around 128.6 °C and good physical stability post 3 months accelerated study under the condition of 40 °C and 75% relative humidity (RH), which is possibly accounted for the molecular immobilization and hydrogen bonding interactions between felodipine and zein. By combining the in vitro dissolution study with TIM-1 gastrointestinal simulation investigation, it is indicated that felodipine was rapidly released from the ASD in 30 mins, and the supersaturation of felodipine was well maintained over 6 h, which resulted in a significant enhancement of felodipine bioavailability during simulated digestive processes in the upper GI tract. This study suggests that spray drying combined with natural excipient zein is an efficient formulation strategy for the development of ASDs with enhanced aqueous solubility and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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37
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Duan P, Lamm MS, Yang F, Xu W, Skomski D, Su Y, Schmidt-Rohr K. Quantifying Molecular Mixing and Heterogeneity in Pharmaceutical Dispersions at Sub-100 nm Resolution by Spin Diffusion NMR. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3567-3580. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Matthew S. Lamm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Wei Xu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Daniel Skomski
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Klaus Schmidt-Rohr
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
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38
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Tian B, Ju X, Yang D, Kong Y, Tang X. Effect of the third component on the aging and crystallization of cinnarizine-soluplus® binary solid dispersion. Int J Pharm 2020; 580:119240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Exploring the physical stability of three nimesulide–indomethacin co-amorphous systems from the perspective of molecular aggregates. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 147:105294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Peng R, Huang J, He L, Zhao L, Wang C, Wei W, Xia T, Mao Y, Wen Y, Wang L, Yang J. Polymer/lipid interplay in altering in vitro supersaturation and plasma concentration of a model poorly soluble drug. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 146:105262. [PMID: 32060005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Supersaturation drug delivery system (SDDS) based on amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a widely used strategy to improve oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs by achieving a supersaturated state where drug concentration is significantly higher than drug solubility. However, dissolved drugs tend to recrystallize in gastrointestinal (GI) tract if without effective stabilizing excipients. In this paper, well-recognized polymer (polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP) and lipid (phosphatidylcholine, PC) excipients are combined as ASD carrier, aiming at investigating the effects on evolution of in vitro supersaturation and in vivo plasma concentration of a model poorly soluble drug indomethacin (IND). Fundamental aspects including polymer/lipid composition ratio, drug loading (DL) degree and administration dose were investigated. The in vitro dissolution profiles of ASDs were assessed by supersaturation degree, duration, maximum achievable drug concentration and dose-normalized efficiency, and correlated with in vivo pharmacokinetic data. Results showed that both in vitro and in vivo concentration-time profiles of IND were significantly varying with abovementioned factors. Solution viscosity, solid-state properties and morphology of ASDs were related to the results. This study revealed fundamental mechanisms of PVP/PC mixture effect on IND supersaturation and oral bioavailability, demonstrating that polymer/lipid mixture could be used as a promising carrier to alter supersaturation profile and oral bioavailability of SDDS products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiahao Huang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada.
| | - Li He
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Cuitong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tongchao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yifei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yinghui Wen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Junyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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41
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Drug-Polymer Solubility Determination: A New Thermodynamic Model Free from Lattice Theory Assumptions. Pharm Res 2019; 36:175. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Ricarte RG, Van Zee NJ, Li Z, Johnson LM, Lodge TP, Hillmyer MA. Recent Advances in Understanding the Micro- and Nanoscale Phenomena of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4089-4103. [PMID: 31487183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many pharmaceutical drugs in the marketplace and discovery pipeline suffer from poor aqueous solubility, thereby limiting their effectiveness for oral delivery. The use of an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD), a mixture of an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a polymer excipient, greatly enhances the aqueous dissolution performance of a drug without the need for chemical modification. Although this method is versatile and scalable, deficient understanding of the interactions between drugs and polymers inhibits ASD rational design. This current Review details recent progress in understanding the mechanisms that control ASD performance. In the solid-state, the use of high-resolution theoretical, computational, and experimental tools resolved the influence of drug/polymer phase behavior and dynamics on stability during storage. During dissolution in aqueous media, novel characterization methods revealed that ASDs can form complex nanostructures, which maintain and improve supersaturation of the drug. The studies discussed here illustrate that nanoscale phenomena, which have been directly observed and quantified, strongly affect the stability and bioavailability of ASD systems, and provide a promising direction for optimizing drug/polymer formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralm G Ricarte
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials Laboratory, CNRS, ESPCI-Paris , PSL Research University , 10 Rue Vauquelin , 75005 Paris , France
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Huang J, Chen PX, Wettig S. Fluorescence-based techniques to assess the miscibility and physical stability of a drug–lipid complex. CAN J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2018-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using fluorescence-based techniques to assess the miscibility and physical stability of a drug–lipid complex pharmaceutical dosage form under a solvent-free condition. An indomethacin–phospholipid complex (IDM–DPC) was used as model complex for this study. The miscibility of indomethacin within the phospholipid was assessed by fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The miscibility limit of the complex system was determined by fluorescence to be 20%–30% drug loading content, showing good correlation with infrared spectroscopy. The physical stability of the IDM–DPC stored at 40 °C was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Indomethacin formulated in the lipid complex with an indomethacin loading not more than 30% remained in an amorphous state within a period of 21 days, whereas the samples with a drug loading over 30% started to crystallize earlier with increasing drug content. IDM–DPC having higher miscibilities were found to be more resistant to recrystallization under heating, thus having better physical stability. Fluorescence-based techniques showed convenience and promise in characterizing drug–lipid miscibility and predicting storage stability under a solvent-free condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Huang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Peter X. Chen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shawn Wettig
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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Shi Q, Moinuddin SM, Cai T. Advances in coamorphous drug delivery systems. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:19-35. [PMID: 30766775 PMCID: PMC6361732 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the coamorphous drug delivery system has been established as a promising formulation approach for delivering poorly water-soluble drugs. The coamorphous solid is a single-phase system containing an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and other low molecular weight molecules that might be pharmacologically relevant APIs or excipients. These formulations exhibit considerable advantages over neat crystalline or amorphous material, including improved physical stability, dissolution profiles, and potentially enhanced therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of coamorphous drug delivery systems from the perspectives of preparation, physicochemical characteristics, physical stability, in vitro and in vivo performance. Furthermore, the challenges and strategies in developing robust coamorphous drug products of high quality and performance are briefly discussed.
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Key Words
- API, active pharmaceutical ingredient;
- AUC, area under plasma concentrations-time curve
- BCS, bio-pharmaceutics classification systems
- Bioavailability
- Characterization
- Cmax, maximum plasma concentration
- Coamorphous
- Css, plasma concentration at steady state
- DSC, differential scanning calorimetry
- DVS, dynamic vapor sorption
- Dc, relative degree of crystallization
- Dissolution
- FT-IR, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- HME, hot melt extrusion
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- IDR, intrinsic dissolution rate
- LFRS, low-frequency Raman spectroscopy
- LLPS, liquid—liquid phase separation
- MTDSC, modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PXRD, powder X-ray diffraction
- Physical stability
- Preparation
- RH, relative humidity
- SEM, scanning electron microscope
- TGA, thermogravimetric analysis
- Tg, glass transition temperature
- Tmax, time of maximum plasma concentration
- UV, ultraviolet spectroscopy
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ting Cai
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 25 83271123.
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Effects of Molecular Interactions on Miscibility and Mobility of Ibuprofen in Amorphous Solid Dispersions With Various Polymers. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:178-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Moseson DE, Taylor LS. The application of temperature-composition phase diagrams for hot melt extrusion processing of amorphous solid dispersions to prevent residual crystallinity. Int J Pharm 2018; 553:454-466. [PMID: 30393199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hot melt extrusion (HME) can be used to produce amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) at temperatures below the drug's melting point if the drug and polymer exhibit melting point depression. However, the risk of residual crystallinity becomes significant. The purpose of this study was to apply the temperature-composition phase diagram to the HME process, correlating process conditions to ASD residual crystallinity, and identifying the formulation critical temperature, which defines the theoretical minimum processing temperature. The phase diagram of indomethacin (IDM) and polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer (PVPVA) was generated using melting point depression measurements coupled with Flory-Huggins theory. Extrudates were manufactured above, at, and below the formulation critical temperature (Tc) as identified from the phase diagram, with a range of residence times, and characterized for crystallinity. Below the Tc, a fully amorphous sample could not be prepared. Above Tc, sufficient residence time led to amorphous samples. A processing operating design space diagram with three regimes was generated to correlate temperature and residence time factors with process outcome. In conclusion, phase diagrams provide a rational basis for designing hot melt extrusion processes of amorphous solid dispersions to minimize residual crystalline content, delineating the minimum processing temperature based on thermodynamic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Moseson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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Benjasirimongkol P, Ueda K, Higashi K, Sriamornsak P, Moribe K. An Insight into Stabilization Mechanism of a Solid Dispersion of Indomethacin/Partially Hydrolyzed Polyvinyl Alcohol Prepared by Hot-Melt Extrusion. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:859-865. [PMID: 30175742 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effect of hot-melt extrusion condition on the physical stability of the solid dispersion prepared using partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH). The hot-melt extrusion of indomethacin (IMC) and PVOH mixed at the weight ratio of 3 : 7, 5 : 5 and 7 : 3 was performed either at 170 or 190°C to prepare the IMC/PVOH hot-melt extrudate (HME). Differential scanning calorimetry represented that IMC was mixed with PVOH on a scale of several tens of nanometer in all the HMEs with different weight ratio. 13C solid-state NMR measurement revealed that an intermolecular interaction was formed between a carboxylic group of IMC and a hydroxy group of PVOH in the HMEs. The intermolecular interaction in the HMEs was stronger at the higher extrusion temperature. At the low IMC loading, the IMC molecules could be mixed with the amorphous PVOH at the molecular level, and the remained PVOH without interaction formed the crystal phase. On the other hand, at the high IMC loading, most PVOH could be amorphized by the interaction with IMC, and the excess IMC which did not interact with PVOH formed the IMC-rich domain. The IMC/PVOH HME at the weight ratio of 7 : 3 extruded at higher extrusion temperature showed higher physical stability of amorphous IMC compared with that extruded at lower extrusion temperature. The hot-melt extrusion process at higher temperature provided the rapid melting of PVOH crystal phase, resulted in the homogeneous mixing with IMC and the formation of stronger intermolecular interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porntip Benjasirimongkol
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University
| | - Keisuke Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | | | - Pornsak Sriamornsak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University
| | - Kunikazu Moribe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
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Politov AA, Shakhtshneider TP, Boldyreva EV, Boldyrev VV. Luminescence Spectroscopy as a Tool to Study the Amorphization of Indomethacin upon Co-Grinding with Polymers. DOKLADY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012501618060015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rautaniemi K, Vuorimaa-Laukkanen E, Strachan CJ, Laaksonen T. Crystallization Kinetics of an Amorphous Pharmaceutical Compound Using Fluorescence-Lifetime-Imaging Microscopy. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1964-1971. [PMID: 29584954 PMCID: PMC6150724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical scientists are increasingly interested in amorphous drug formulations especially because of their higher dissolution rates. Consequently, the thorough characterization and analysis of these formulations are becoming more and more important for the pharmaceutical industry. Here, fluorescence-lifetime-imaging microscopy (FLIM) was used to monitor the crystallization of an amorphous pharmaceutical compound, indomethacin. Initially, we identified different solid indomethacin forms, amorphous and γ- and α-crystalline, on the basis of their time-resolved fluorescence. All of the studied indomethacin forms showed biexponential decays with characteristic fluorescence lifetimes and amplitudes. Using this information, the crystallization of amorphous indomethacin upon storage in 60 °C was monitored for 10 days with FLIM. The progress of crystallization was detected as lifetime changes both in the FLIM images and in the fluorescence-decay curves extracted from the images. The fluorescence-lifetime amplitudes were used for quantitative analysis of the crystallization process. We also demonstrated that the fluorescence-lifetime distribution of the sample changed during crystallization, and when the sample was not moved between measuring times, the lifetime distribution could also be used for the analysis of the reaction kinetics. Our results clearly show that FLIM is a sensitive and nondestructive method for monitoring solid-state transformations on the surfaces of fluorescent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Rautaniemi
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering , Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 8 , 33720 Tampere , Finland
| | - Elina Vuorimaa-Laukkanen
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering , Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 8 , 33720 Tampere , Finland
| | - Clare J Strachan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 E , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Timo Laaksonen
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering , Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 8 , 33720 Tampere , Finland
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Impact of Drug-Polymer Miscibility on Enthalpy Relaxation of Irbesartan Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Pharm Res 2018; 35:29. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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