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Mukesh S, Mukherjee G, Singh R, Steenbuck N, Demidova C, Joshi P, Sangamwar AT, Wade RC. Comparative analysis of drug-salt-polymer interactions by experiment and molecular simulation improves biopharmaceutical performance. Commun Chem 2023; 6:201. [PMID: 37749228 PMCID: PMC10519957 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The propensity of poorly water-soluble drugs to aggregate at supersaturation impedes their bioavailability. Supersaturated amorphous drug-salt-polymer systems provide an emergent approach to this problem. However, the effects of polymers on drug-drug interactions in aqueous phase are largely unexplored and it is unclear how to choose an optimal salt-polymer combination for a particular drug. Here, we describe a comparative experimental and computational characterization of amorphous solid dispersions containing the drug celecoxib, and a polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate (PVP-VA) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, with or without Na+/K+ salts. Classical models for drug-polymer interactions fail to identify the best drug-salt-polymer combination. In contrast, more stable drug-polymer interaction energies computed from molecular dynamics simulations correlate with prolonged stability of supersaturated amorphous drug-salt-polymer systems, along with better dissolution and pharmacokinetic profiles. The celecoxib-salt-PVP-VA formulations exhibit excellent biopharmaceutical performance, offering the prospect of a low-dosage regimen for this widely used anti-inflammatory, thereby increasing cost-effectiveness, and reducing side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Mukesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Sector-67, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Goutam Mukherjee
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ridhima Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Sector-67, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Nathan Steenbuck
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolina Demidova
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Prachi Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Sector-67, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Abhay T Sangamwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Sector-67, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
| | - Rebecca C Wade
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Saha SK, Joshi A, Singh R, Dubey K. Review of industrially recognized polymers and manufacturing processes for amorphous solid dispersion based formulations. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:678-696. [PMID: 37427544 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2233595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Evolving therapeutic landscape through combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening have resulted in an increased number of poorly soluble drugs. Drug delivery strategies quickly adapted to convert these drugs into successful therapies. Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) technology is widely employed as a drug delivery strategy by pharmaceutical industries to overcome the challenges associated with these poorly soluble drugs. The development of ASD formulation requires an understanding of polymers and manufacturing techniques. A review of US FDA-approved ASD-based products revealed that only a limited number of polymers and manufacturing technologies are employed by pharmaceutical industries. This review provides a comprehensive guide for the selection and overview of polymers and manufacturing technologies adopted by pharmaceutical industries for ASD formulation. The various employed polymers with their underlying mechanisms for solution-state and solid-state stability are discussed. ASD manufacturing techniques, primarily implemented by pharmaceutical industries for commercialization, are presented in Quality by Design (QbD) format. An overview of novel excipients and progress in manufacturing technologies are also discussed. This review provides insights to the researchers on the industrially accepted polymers and manufacturing technology for ASD formulation that has translated these challenging drugs into successful therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Saha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Formulation Research and Development - Orals, Sun Pharmaceuticals Industries Limited, Gurugram, India
| | | | - Romi Singh
- Formulation Research and Development - Orals, Sun Pharmaceuticals Industries Limited, Gurugram, India
| | - Kiran Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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3
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Polymeric solid dispersion Vs co-amorphous technology: A critical comparison. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Faiz Afzal MA, Lehmkemper K, Sobich E, Hughes TF, Giesen DJ, Zhang T, Krauter CM, Winget P, Degenhardt M, Kyeremateng SO, Browning AR, Shelley JC. Molecular-Level Examination of Amorphous Solid Dispersion Dissolution. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3999-4014. [PMID: 34570503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are commonly used to orally deliver small-molecule drugs that are poorly water-soluble. ASDs consist of drug molecules in the amorphous form which are dispersed in a hydrophilic polymer matrix. Producing a high-performance ASD is critical for effective drug delivery and depends on many factors such as solubility of the drug in the matrix and the rate of drug release in aqueous medium (dissolution), which is linked to bioperformance. Often, researchers perform a large number of design iterations to achieve this objective. A detailed molecular-level understanding of the mechanisms behind ASD dissolution behavior would aid in the screening, designing, and optimization of ASD formulations and would minimize the need for testing a wide variety of prototype formulations. Molecular dynamics and related types of simulations, which model the collective behavior of molecules in condensed phase systems, can provide unique insights into these mechanisms. To study the effectiveness of these simulation techniques in ASD formulation dissolution, we carried out dissipative particle dynamics simulations, which are particularly an efficient form of molecular dynamics calculations. We studied two stages of the dissolution process: the early-stage of the dissolution process, which focuses on the dissolution at the ASD/water interface, and the late-stage of the dissolution process, where significant drug release would have occurred and there would be a mixture of drug and polymer molecules in a predominantly aqueous environment. Experimentally, we used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to study the interactions between drugs, polymers, and water in the dry and wet states and the chromatographic technique to study the rate of drug and polymer release. Both experiments and simulations provided evidence of polymer microstructures and drug-polymer interactions as important factors for the dissolution behavior of the investigated ASDs, consistent with previous work by Pudlas et al. (Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2015, 67, 21-31). As experimental and simulation results are consistent and complementary, it is clear that there is significant potential for combined experimental and computational research for a detailed understanding of ASD formulations and, hence, formulation optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Atif Faiz Afzal
- Materials Science, Schrödinger, LLC, Suite 1300, 101 SW Main Street, Portland, Oregon 97204, United States
| | - Kristin Lehmkemper
- Formulation Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Sobich
- Formulation Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Thomas F Hughes
- Materials Science, Schrödinger, LLC, 120 West 45th St. 17th Floor, New York, New York 10036-4041, United States
| | - David J Giesen
- Materials Science, Schrödinger, LLC, 120 West 45th St. 17th Floor, New York, New York 10036-4041, United States
| | - Teng Zhang
- Materials Science, Schrödinger, LLC, 120 West 45th St. 17th Floor, New York, New York 10036-4041, United States
| | | | - Paul Winget
- Materials Science, Schrödinger, LLC, 120 West 45th St. 17th Floor, New York, New York 10036-4041, United States
| | - Matthias Degenhardt
- Formulation Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Samuel O Kyeremateng
- Formulation Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Andrea R Browning
- Materials Science, Schrödinger, LLC, Suite 1300, 101 SW Main Street, Portland, Oregon 97204, United States
| | - John C Shelley
- Materials Science, Schrödinger, LLC, Suite 1300, 101 SW Main Street, Portland, Oregon 97204, United States
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5
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Dhamankar S, Webb MA. Chemically specific coarse‐graining of polymers: Methods and prospects. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyen Dhamankar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Michael A. Webb
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA
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6
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Zhao Z, Higashi K, Ueda K, Moribe K. Revealing the mechanism of morphological variation of amorphous drug nanoparticles formed by aqueous dispersion of ternary solid dispersion. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120984. [PMID: 34389423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Probucol (PBC)/hypromellose (HPMC)/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) ternary solid dispersions (SDs) of various weight ratios were prepared and evaluated to unveil the effect of HPMC and SDS on the formation of amorphous PBC nanoparticles. The morphological variation of the PBC nanoparticles prepared using SDs of different compositions was determined using dynamic light scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Statistical analysis of particle size versus roundness of PBC nanoparticles was carried out based on cryo-TEM images. A clear correlation was observed between the morphologies of the PBC nanoparticles and the amounts of HPMC and SDS, either admixed in SDs or pre-dissolved in an aqueous solution. The admixed HPMC in SDs was demonstrated to play the major role in determining the primary particle sizes of discrete amorphous PBC nanoparticles. Based on 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy, this phenomenon should be due to the enlarged size of the PBC-rich domains in SDs, which depended on the decreasing amounts of admixed HPMC. Although the pre-dissolved part of HPMC had less impact on the primary particle sizes, it was found to inhibit the particle agglomeration and recrystallization of amorphous PBC nanoparticles. On the other hand, sufficient SDS admixed in SDs could suppress the size enhancement of the PBC-rich domains during water immersion and nanoparticle evolution (agglomeration and crystallization) after aqueous dispersion. The pre-dissolved SDS could restrain the agglomeration of amorphous PBC nanoparticles, ultimately forming hundreds of irregular nanometer-order structures. Since the increase in size during water immersion, their sizes were still slightly larger than those obtained with a high portion of admixed SDS. The findings of this study clarified the usefulness and necessity of adding polymers and surfactants to SDs to fabricate drug nanoparticle formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Zhao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kenjirou Higashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Moribe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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7
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Upadhya R, Punia A, Kanagala MJ, Liu L, Lamm M, Rhodes TA, Gormley AJ. Automated PET-RAFT Polymerization Towards Pharmaceutical Amorphous Solid Dispersion Development. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2021; 3:1525-1536. [PMID: 34368765 PMCID: PMC8336633 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.0c01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In pharmaceutical oral drug delivery development, about 90% of drugs in the pipeline have poor aqueous solubility leading to severe challenges with oral bioavailability and translation to effective and safe drug products. Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) have been utilized to enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). However, a limited selection of regulatory-approved polymer excipients exists for the development and further understanding of tailor-made ASDs. Thus, a significant need exists to better understand how polymers can be designed to interact with specific API moieties. Here, we demonstrate how an automated combinatorial library approach can be applied to the synthesis and screening of polymer excipients for the model drug probucol. We synthesized a library of 25 random heteropolymers containing one hydrophilic monomer (2-hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA)) and four hydrophobic monomers at varied incorporation. The performance of ASDs made by a rapid film casting method was evaluated by dissolution using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) sampling at various time points. This combinatorial library and rapid screening strategy enabled us to identify a relationship between polymer hydrophobicity, monomer hydrophobic side group geometry, and API dissolution performance. Remarkably, the most effective synthesized polymers displayed slower drug release kinetics compared to industry standard polymer excipients, showing the ability to modulate the drug release profile. Future coupling of high throughput polymer synthesis, high throughput screening (HTS), and quantitative modeling would enable specification of designer polymer excipients for specific API functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Upadhya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ashish Punia
- Preformulation Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Mythili J. Kanagala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lina Liu
- Preformulation Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Matthew Lamm
- Preformulation Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Timothy A. Rhodes
- Preformulation Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Adam J. Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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8
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Nair AR, Lakshman YD, Anand VSK, Sree KSN, Bhat K, Dengale SJ. Overview of Extensively Employed Polymeric Carriers in Solid Dispersion Technology. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:309. [PMID: 33161493 PMCID: PMC7649155 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid dispersion is the preferred technology to prepare efficacious forms of BCS class-II/IV APIs. To prepare solid dispersions, there exist a wide variety of polymeric carriers with interesting physicochemical and thermochemical characteristics available at the disposal of a formulation scientist. Since the advent of the solid dispersion technology in the early 1960s, there have been more than 5000 scientific papers published in the subject area. This review discusses the polymeric carrier properties of most extensively used polymers PVP, Copovidone, PEG, HPMC, HPMCAS, and Soluplus® in the solid dispersion technology. The literature trends about preparation techniques, dissolution, and stability improvement are analyzed from the Scopus® database to enable a formulator to make an informed choice of polymeric carrier. The stability and extent of dissolution improvement are largely dependent upon the type of polymeric carrier employed to formulate solid dispersions. With the increasing acceptance of transfer dissolution setup in the research community, it is required to evaluate the crystallization/precipitation inhibition potential of polymers under dynamic pH shift conditions. Further, there is a need to develop a regulatory framework which provides definition and complete classification along with necessarily recommended studies to characterize and evaluate solid dispersions.
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9
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Van Zee NJ, Hillmyer MA, Lodge TP. Role of Polymer Excipients in the Kinetic Stabilization of Drug-Rich Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7243-7254. [PMID: 35019383 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of crystallizable drugs and polymer excipients are attractive for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of hydrophobic drug molecules. In this study, the solution behavior of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PND) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinylacetate) (PVPVA), as polymer excipients, and nilutamide (NLT), phenytoin (PHY), and itraconazole (ITN) as model drugs, were monitored by an in vitro dissolution assay, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), and polarized optical microscopy (POM). High degrees of drug supersaturation were coincident with the formation of amorphous nanoparticles in each system. The difference in particle size and kinetic stability between PND and PVPVA systems suggest a difference in how the polymers interact with the drug-rich phase. A series of scenarios are proposed based on whether the polymer interacts more strongly with the drug-rich nanoparticles or with water. Understanding the contribution of drug-rich nanoparticles to achievable supersaturation and the effect of polymer excipients on these particles will inform the design of future solid dispersion systems through a better understanding of the polymer/drug solution relationship.
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10
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11
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Ricarte RG, Van Zee NJ, Li Z, Johnson LM, Lodge TP, Hillmyer MA. Recent Advances in Understanding the Micro- and Nanoscale Phenomena of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4089-4103. [PMID: 31487183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many pharmaceutical drugs in the marketplace and discovery pipeline suffer from poor aqueous solubility, thereby limiting their effectiveness for oral delivery. The use of an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD), a mixture of an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a polymer excipient, greatly enhances the aqueous dissolution performance of a drug without the need for chemical modification. Although this method is versatile and scalable, deficient understanding of the interactions between drugs and polymers inhibits ASD rational design. This current Review details recent progress in understanding the mechanisms that control ASD performance. In the solid-state, the use of high-resolution theoretical, computational, and experimental tools resolved the influence of drug/polymer phase behavior and dynamics on stability during storage. During dissolution in aqueous media, novel characterization methods revealed that ASDs can form complex nanostructures, which maintain and improve supersaturation of the drug. The studies discussed here illustrate that nanoscale phenomena, which have been directly observed and quantified, strongly affect the stability and bioavailability of ASD systems, and provide a promising direction for optimizing drug/polymer formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralm G Ricarte
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials Laboratory, CNRS, ESPCI-Paris , PSL Research University , 10 Rue Vauquelin , 75005 Paris , France
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12
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Austin MJ, Rosales AM. Tunable biomaterials from synthetic, sequence-controlled polymers. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:490-505. [PMID: 30628589 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01215f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric biomaterials have many applications including therapeutic delivery vehicles, medical implants and devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Both naturally-derived and synthetic materials have successfully been used for these applications in the clinic. However, the increasing complexity of these applications requires materials with advanced properties, especially customizable or tunable materials with bioactivity. To address this issue, there have been recent efforts to better recapitulate the properties of natural materials using synthetic biomaterials composed of sequence-controlled polymers. Sequence control mimics the primary structure found in biopolymers, and in many cases, provides an extra handle for functionality in synthetic polymers. Here, we first review the advances in synthetic methods that have enabled sequence-controlled biomaterials on a relevant scale, and discuss strategies for choosing functional sequences from a biomaterials engineering context. Then, we highlight several recent studies that show strong impact of sequence control on biomaterial properties, including in vitro and in vivo behavior, in the areas of hydrogels, therapeutic materials, and novel applications such as molecular barcodes for medical devices. The role of sequence control in biomaterials properties is an emerging research area, and there remain many opportunities for investigation. Further study of this topic may significantly advance our understanding of bioactive or smart materials, as well as contribute design rules to guide the development of synthetic biomaterials for future applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah J Austin
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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13
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Li Q, Zhao Q, Jing Q, Ma X, Chen N, Ren G, Ouyang D, Ren F. Investigating molecular interactions of high-loaded glipizide-HPMCAS microparticles by integrated experimental and modeling techniques. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 131:127-135. [PMID: 30735823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular interactions between drug and polymeric carriers are believed to be the key for high drug loading and better physical stability of micro-particles. However, molecular interactions between drug and polymer are still difficult to investigate using only experimental tools. In this study, high-loaded glipizide (GLP)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) (1/1 w/w) micro-particles were prepared using an in situ pH-dependent solubility method. Molecular interactions within the micro-particles were investigated by integrated experimental and modeling techniques. The dissolution rate of GLP/HPMCAS micro-particles was significantly better than those of solid dispersions and physical mixtures. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the polymer inhibited GLP recrystallization. Experimental (FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and molecular dynamics simulation revealed that hydrogen-bonding was the key to the properties of the micro-particles. Our research developed high drug-loading GLP/HPMCAS micro-particles and investigated the interactions between drug and polymer at the molecular level. This integrated approach could be practical methodology for future formulation design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau
| | - Qiufang Jing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaosi Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guobin Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau.
| | - Fuzheng Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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14
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Mosquera-Giraldo LI, Borca CH, Parker AS, Dong Y, Edgar KJ, Beaudoin SP, Slipchenko LV, Taylor LS. Crystallization Inhibition Properties of Cellulose Esters and Ethers for a Group of Chemically Diverse Drugs: Experimental and Computational Insight. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:4593-4606. [PMID: 30376299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura I. Mosquera-Giraldo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Carlos H. Borca
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Andrew S. Parker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Yifan Dong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Kevin J. Edgar
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Stephen P. Beaudoin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Lyudmila V. Slipchenko
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
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15
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Chakraborty M, Xu C, White AD. Encoding and selecting coarse-grain mapping operators with hierarchical graphs. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:134106. [PMID: 30292213 DOI: 10.1063/1.5040114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) can simulate systems inaccessible to fine-grained (FG) MD simulations. A CG simulation decreases the degrees of freedom by mapping atoms from an FG representation into agglomerate CG particles. The FG to CG mapping is not unique. Research into systematic selection of these mappings is challenging due to their combinatorial growth with respect to the number of atoms in a molecule. Here we present a method of reducing the total count of mappings by imposing molecular topology and symmetry constraints. The count reduction is illustrated by considering all mappings for nearly 50 000 molecules. The resulting number of mapping operators is still large, so we introduce a novel hierarchical graphical approach which encodes multiple CG mapping operators. The encoding method is demonstrated for methanol and a 14-mer peptide. With the test cases, we show how the encoding can be used for automated selection of reasonable CG mapping operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maghesree Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Chenliang Xu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Andrew D White
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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16
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Katiyar RS, Jha PK. Molecular simulations in drug delivery: Opportunities and challenges. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Prateek K. Jha
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIIT RoorkeeUttarakhandIndia
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Ting JM, Porter WW, Mecca JM, Bates FS, Reineke TM. Advances in Polymer Design for Enhancing Oral Drug Solubility and Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:939-952. [PMID: 29319295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers have enabled amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) to emerge as an oral delivery strategy for overcoming poor drug solubility in aqueous environments. Modern ASD products noninvasively treat a range of chronic diseases (for example, hepatitis C, cystic fibrosis, and HIV). In such formulations, polymeric carriers generate and maintain drug supersaturation upon dissolution, increasing the apparent drug solubility to enhance gastrointestinal barrier absorption and oral bioavailability. In this Review, we outline several approaches in designing polymeric excipients to drive interactions with active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in spray-dried ASDs, highlighting polymer-drug formulation guidelines from industrial and academic perspectives. Special attention is given to new commercial and specialized polymer design strategies that can solubilize highly hydrophobic APIs and suppress the propensity for rapid drug recrystallization. These molecularly customized excipients and hierarchical excipient assemblies are promising toward informing early-stage drug-discovery development and reformulating existing API candidates into potentially lifesaving oral medicines for our growing global population.
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Huang W, Mandal T, Larson RG. Multiscale Computational Modeling of the Nanostructure of Solid Dispersions of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Acetate Succinate (HPMCAS) and Phenytoin. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3422-3435. [PMID: 28829134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We recently developed coarse-grained (CG) force fields for hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) polymers and the model drug molecule phenytoin, and a continuum transport model to study the polymer-drug nanostructures presented during a dissolution test after solvation of solid dispersion particles. We model the polymer-drug interactions that contribute to suppression of drug aggregation, release, and crystal growth during the dissolution process, and we take these as indicators of polymer effectiveness. We find that the size and the intermolecular interaction strength of the functional group and the drug loading concentration are the major factors that impact the effectiveness of the polymeric excipient. The hydroxypropyl acetyl group is the most effective functional group, followed by the acetyl group, while the deprotonated succinyl group is the least effective functional group, except that the deprotonated succinyl group at the 6-position is very effective in slowing down the phenytoin crystal growth. Our simulation results thus suggest HPMCAS with higher acetyl and lower succinyl content is more effective in promoting phenytoin solubility in dissolution media, and polymers become less effective when drug loading becomes high (i.e., 50% of the mass of the polymer/drug solid dispersion), agreeing with previous experimental studies. In addition, our transport model indicates that the drug release time from a solid dispersion particle of 2 μm diameter is less than 10 min, correlating well with the experimental time scale for a typical dissolution profile to reach maximum peak concentration. Our modeling effort, therefore, provides new avenues to understand the dissolution behavior of complex HPMCAS-phenytoin solid dispersions and offers a new design tool to optimize the formulation. Moreover, the systematic and robust approach used in our computational models can be extended to other polymeric excipients and drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, United States
| | - Taraknath Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, United States
| | - Ronald G Larson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, United States
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19
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Ricarte RG, Li Z, Johnson LM, Ting JM, Reineke TM, Bates FS, Hillmyer MA, Lodge TP. Direct Observation of Nanostructures during Aqueous Dissolution of Polymer/Drug Particles. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralm G. Ricarte
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Ziang Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Lindsay M. Johnson
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Ting
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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20
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Mandal T, Huang W, Mecca JM, Getchell A, Porter WW, Larson RG. A framework for multi-scale simulation of crystal growth in the presence of polymers. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:1904-1913. [PMID: 28181622 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02893d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a multi-scale simulation method for modeling crystal growth in the presence of polymer excipients. The method includes a coarse-grained (CG) model for small molecules of known crystal structure whose force field is obtained using structural properties from atomistic simulations. This CG model is capable of stabilizing the molecular crystal structure and capturing the crystal growth from the melt for a wide range of small organic molecules, as demonstrated by application of our method to the molecules isoniazid, urea, sulfamethoxazole, prilocaine, oxcarbazepine, and phenytoin. This CG model can also be used to study the effect of additives, such as polymers, on the inhibition of crystal growth by polymers, as exemplified by our simulation of suppression of the rate of crystal growth of phenytoin, an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), by a cellulose excipient, functionalized with acetate (Ac), hydroxy-propyl (Hp) and succinate (Su) groups. We show that the efficacy of the cellulosic polymers in slowing crystal growth of small molecules strongly depends on the functional group substitution on the cellulose backbone, with the acetate substituent group slowing crystal growth more than does the deprotonated succinate group, which we confirm by experimental drug supersaturation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taraknath Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA.
| | - Wenjun Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA.
| | - Jodi M Mecca
- Core R&D - Formulation Sciences, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA
| | - Ashley Getchell
- Core R&D - Formulation Sciences, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA
| | - William W Porter
- Dow Pharma and Food Solutions, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA
| | - Ronald G Larson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA.
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