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Polyakov NE, Mastova AV, Kruppa AI, Asfandiarov NL, Pshenichnyuk SA. Glycyrrhetinic acid interaction with solvated and free electrons studied by the CIDNP and dissociative electron attachment techniques. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:035102. [PMID: 39007395 DOI: 10.1063/5.0214342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Electron transfer plays a crucial role in living systems, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxygen acts as the terminal electron acceptor in the respiratory chains of aerobic organisms as well as in some photoinduced processes followed by the formation of ROS. This is why the participation of exogenous antioxidants in electron transfer processes in living systems is of particular interest. In the present study, using chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) and dissociative electron attachment (DEA) techniques, we have elucidated the affinity of solvated and free electrons to glycyrrhetinic acid (GA)-the aglicon of glycyrrhizin (the main active component of Licorice root). CIDNP is a powerful instrument to study the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions in solution, but the DEA technique shows its effectiveness in gas phase processes. For CIDNP experiments, the photoionization of the dianion of 5-sulfosalicylic acid (HSSA2-) was used as a model reaction of solvated electron generation. DEA experiments testify that GA molecules are even better electron acceptors than molecular oxygen, at least under gas-phase conditions. In addition, the effect of the solvent on the energetics of the reactants is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay E Polyakov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna V Mastova
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander I Kruppa
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nail L Asfandiarov
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya 151, 450075 Ufa, Russia
| | - Stanislav A Pshenichnyuk
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya 151, 450075 Ufa, Russia
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2
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Wang Z, Chen H, Liang T, Hu Y, Xue Y, Wu Y, Zeng Q, Zheng Y, Guo Y, Zheng Z, Zhai D, Liang P, Shen C, Jiang C, Liu L, Shen Q, Zhu H, Liu Q. The implications of lipid mobility, drug-enhancers (surfactants)-skin interaction, and TRPV1 activation on licorice flavonoid permeability. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1582-1600. [PMID: 37980702 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Licorice flavonoids (LFs) are derived from perennial herb licorice and have been attaining a considerable interest in cosmetic and skin ailment treatments. However, some LFs compounds exhibited poor permeation and retention capability, which restricted their application. In this paper, we systematically investigated and compared the enhancement efficacy and mechanisms of different penetration enhancers (surfactants) with distinct lipophilicity or "heat and cool" characteristics on ten LFs compounds. Herein, the aim was to unveil how seven different enhancers modified the stratum corneum (SC) surface and influence the drug-enhancers-skin interaction, and to relate these effects to permeation enhancing effects of ten LFs compounds. The enhancing efficacy was evaluated by enhancement ratio (ER)permeation, ERretention, and ERcom, which was conducted on the porcine skin. It was summarized that heat capsaicin (CaP) and lipophilic Plurol® Oleique CC 497 (POCC) caused the most significance of SC lipid fluidity, SC water loss, and surface structure alterations, thereby resulting in a higher permeation enhancing effects than other enhancers. CaP could completely occupied drug-skin interaction sites in the SC, while POCC only occupied most drug-skin interactions. Moreover, the enhancing efficacy of both POCC and CaP was dependent on the log P values of LFs. For impervious LFs with low drug solubility, enhancing their drug solubility could help them permeate into the SC. For high-permeation LFs, their permeation was inhibited ascribed to the strong drug-enhancer-skin strength in the SC. More importantly, drug-surfactant-skin energy possessed a good negative correlation with the LFs permeation amount for most LFs molecules. Additionally, the activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) could enhance LFs permeation by CaP. The study provided novel insights for drug permeation enhancement from the viewpoint of molecular pharmaceutics, as well as the scientific utilization of different enhancers in topical or transdermal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongkai Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tao Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yi Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yaqi Xue
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yufan Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Quanfu Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yixin Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yinglin Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zeying Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Dan Zhai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Peiyi Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chunyan Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qun Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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3
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Cao X, Deng T, Zhu Q, Wang J, Shi W, Liu Q, Yu Q, Deng W, Yu J, Wang Q, Xiao G, Xu X. Photothermal Therapy Mediated Hybrid Membrane Derived Nano-formulation for Enhanced Cancer Therapy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:146. [PMID: 37380936 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Emodin is applied as an antitumor drug in many tumor therapies. However, its pharmacology performances are limited due to its low solubility. Herein, we fused erythrocyte and macrophage to form a hybrid membrane (EMHM) and encapsulated emodin to form hybrid membrane-coated nanoparticles. We employed glycyrrhizin to increase the solubility of emodin first and prepared the hybrid membrane nanoparticle-coated emodin and glycyrrhizin (EG@EMHM NPs) which exhibited an average particle size of 170 ± 20 nm and encapsulation efficiency of 98.13 ± 0.67%. The half-inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of EG@EMHM NPs were 1.166 μg/mL, which is half of the free emodin. Based on the photosensitivity of emodin, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) results disclosed that ROS levels of the photodynamic therapy (PDT) section were higher than the normal section (P < 0.05). Compared to the normal section, PDT-mediated EG@EMHM NPs could induce an early stage of apoptosis of B16. The western blot and flow cytometry results verified that PDT-mediated EG@EMHM NPs can significantly improve the solubility of emodin and perform a remarkably antitumor effect on melanoma via BAX and BCL-2 pathway. The application of the combined chemical and PDT therapy could provide an improving target therapy for cutaneous melanoma and also may offer an idea for other insoluble components sources of traditional Chinese medicine. Schematic of EG@EMHM NPs formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal function development of new food resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research center, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal function development of new food resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research center, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal function development of new food resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research center, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwan Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal function development of new food resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research center, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qintong Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal function development of new food resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research center, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal function development of new food resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research center, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal function development of new food resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research center, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.
- Medicinal function development of new food resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research center, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gao Xiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.
- Medicinal function development of new food resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research center, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Wang Z, Hu Y, Xue Y, Wu Y, Zeng Q, Chen H, Guo Y, Liang P, Liang T, Shen C, Jiang C, Liu L, Shen Q, Zhu H, Liu Q. 4'-OH as the Action Site of Lipids and MRP1 for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Flavonoids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36913526 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To date, the transdermal delivery study mainly focused on the drug delivery systems' design and efficacy evaluation. Few studies reported the structure-affinity relationship of the drug with the skin, further revealing the action sites of the drugs for enhanced permeation. Flavonoids attained a considerable interest in transdermal administration. The aim is to develop a systematic approach to evaluate the substructures that were favorable for flavonoid delivery into the skin and understand how these action sites interacted with lipids and bound to multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) for enhanced transdermal delivery. First, we investigated the permeation properties of various flavonoids on the porcine skin or rat skin. We found that 4'-OH (hydroxyl group on the carbon 4' position) rather than 7-OH on the flavonoids was the key group for flavonoid permeation and retention, while 4'-OCH3 and -CH2═CH2-CH-(CH3)2 were unfavorable for drug delivery. 4'-OH could decrease flavonoids' lipophilicity to an appropriate log P and polarizability for better transdermal drug delivery. In the stratum corneum, flavonoids used 4'-OH as a hand to specifically grab the C═O group of the ceramide NS (Cer), which increased the miscibility of flavonoids and Cer and then disturbed the lipid arrangement of Cer, thereby facilitating their penetration. Subsequently, we constructed overexpressed MRP1 HaCaT/MRP1 cells by permanent transfection of human MRP1 cDNA in wild HaCaT cells. In the dermis, we observed that 4'-OH, 7-OH, and 6-OCH3 substructures were involved in H-bond formation within MRP1, which increased the flavonoid affinity with MRP1 and flavonoid efflux transport. Moreover, the expression of MRP1 was significantly enhanced after the treatment of flavonoids on the rat skin. Collectively, 4'-OH served as the action site for increased lipid disruption and enhanced affinity for MRP1, which facilitate the transdermal delivery of flavonoids, providing valuable guidelines for molecular modification and drug design of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yi Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yaqi Xue
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yufan Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Quanfu Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongkai Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yinglin Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Peiyi Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tao Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunyan Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qun Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
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5
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Dai X, Liao Y, Yang C, Zhang Y, Feng M, Tian Y, Qu Q, Sheng M, Li Z, Peng X, Cen S, Shi X. Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate-Based Micelles for Improving the Hepatoprotective Effect of Baicalin: Characterization and Biopharmaceutical Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010125. [PMID: 36678754 PMCID: PMC9864020 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Saponins are an important class of surface-active substances. When formulated as an active ingredient or co-used with other drugs, the effect of their surface activity on efficacy or safety must be considered. In this paper, diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG), a clinical hepatoprotective drug that has long been used as a biosurfactant, was taken as the research object to study its combined hepatoprotective effect with baicalin (BAI). Animal experiments proved that the preparation of DG and BAI integrated into micelles (BAI-DG Ms) had a better protective effect on acute liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride than the direct combined use of the two. From the perspective of biopharmaceutics, the synergistic mechanism of BAI-DG Ms was further explored. The results showed that after forming BAI-DG Ms with DG, the solubility of BAI increased by 4.75 to 6.25 times, and the cumulative percentage release in the gastrointestinal tract also increased by 2.42 times. In addition, the negatively charged BAI-DG Ms were more likely to penetrate the mucus layer and be absorbed by endocytosis. These findings provide support for the rational application of glycyrrhizin, and other saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Dai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
- Key Laboratory for Production Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yuyao Liao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Cuiting Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Minfang Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yuting Tian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Qingsong Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Mengke Sheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhixun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xinhui Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shuai Cen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xinyuan Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
- Key Laboratory for Production Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing 102488, China
- Correspondence:
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Liu S, Liu H, Zhang L, Ma C, Abd El-Aty AM. Edible pentacyclic triterpenes: A review of their sources, bioactivities, bioavailability, self-assembly behavior, and emerging applications as functional delivery vehicles. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5203-5219. [PMID: 36476115 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2153238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Edible pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs) are a group of nutraceutical ingredients commonly distributed in human diets. Existing evidence has proven that they have various biological functions, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic activities, making them as "functional factor" for a long time. However, their properties of strong hydrophobicity, poor permeability, poor absorption, and rapid metabolism result in low oral bioavailability, which dramatically hinders their efficacy for use. Recently, free PTs have successively been found to self-assemble or co-assemble into self-contained nanostructures with enhanced water dispersibility and oral bioavailability, which seems to be an efficient processing method for increased oral efficacy. Of particular interest, formulating them into nanostructures can also be introduced as functional delivery carriers for bioactive compounds or drugs with various advantages, such as improved stability, controlled release, enhanced oral bioavailability, synergistic bioactivity, and targeted delivery. This review systematically summarized the chemical structures, plant sources, bioactivities, absorption, metabolism, and oral bioavailability of PTs. Notably, we emphasized their self-assembly properties and emerging role as functional delivery carriers for nutrients, suggesting that PT nanostructures are not only efficient oral forms when introduced into foods but also functional delivery materials for nutrients to expand their commercial food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Liu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Liu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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7
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Ageeva AA, Kruppa AI, Magin IM, Babenko SV, Leshina TV, Polyakov NE. New Aspects of the Antioxidant Activity of Glycyrrhizin Revealed by the CIDNP Technique. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1591. [PMID: 36009310 PMCID: PMC9405345 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron transfer plays a crucial role in ROS generation in living systems. Molecular oxygen acts as the terminal electron acceptor in the respiratory chains of aerobic organisms. Two main mechanisms of antioxidant defense by exogenous antioxidants are usually considered. The first is the inhibition of ROS generation, and the second is the trapping of free radicals. In the present study, we have elucidated both these mechanisms of antioxidant activity of glycyrrhizin (GL), the main active component of licorice root, using the chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) technique. First, it was shown that GL is capable of capturing a solvated electron, thereby preventing its capture by molecular oxygen. Second, we studied the effect of glycyrrhizin on the behavior of free radicals generated by UV irradiation of xenobiotic, NSAID-naproxen in solution. The structure of the glycyrrhizin paramagnetic intermediates formed after the capture of a solvated electron was established from a photo-CIDNP study of the model system-the dianion of 5-sulfosalicylic acid and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra A. Ageeva
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander I. Kruppa
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ilya M. Magin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Simon V. Babenko
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- International Tomography Center, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Leshina
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay E. Polyakov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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8
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Sarangi N, Prabhakaran A, Keyes TE. Multimodal Investigation into the Interaction of Quinacrine with Microcavity-Supported Lipid Bilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6411-6424. [PMID: 35561255 PMCID: PMC9134496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Quinacrine is a versatile drug that is widely recognized for its antimalarial action through its inhibition of the phospholipase enzyme. It also has antianthelmintic and antiprotozoan activities and is a strong DNA binder that may be used to combat multidrug resistance in cancer. Despite extensive cell-based studies, a detailed understanding of quinacrine's influence on the cell membrane, including permeability, binding, and rearrangement at the molecular level, is lacking. Herein, we apply microcavity-suspended lipid bilayers (MSLBs) as in vitro models of the cell membrane comprising DOPC, DOPC:Chol(3:1), and DOPC:SM:Chol(2:2:1) to investigate the influence of cholesterol and intrinsic phase heterogeneity induced by mixed-lipid composition on the membrane interactions of quinacrine. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as label-free surface-sensitive techniques, we have studied quinacrine interaction and permeability across the different MSLBs. Our EIS data reveal that the drug is permeable through ternary DOPC:SM:Chol and DOPC-only bilayer compositions. In contrast, the binary cholesterol/DOPC membrane arrested permeation, yet the drug binds or intercalates at this membrane as reflected by an increase in membrane impedance. SERS supported the EIS data, which was utilized to gain structural insights into the drug-membrane interaction. Our SERS data also provides a simple but powerful label-free assessment of drug permeation because a significant SERS enhancement of the drug's Raman signature was observed only if the drug accessed the plasmonic interior of the pore cavity passing through the membrane. Fluorescent lifetime correlation spectroscopy (FLCS) provides further biophysical insight, revealing that quinacrine binding increases the lipid diffusivity of DOPC and the ternary membrane while remarkably decreasing the lipid diffusivity of the DOPC:Chol membrane. Overall, because of its adaptability to multimodal approaches, the MSLB platform provides rich and detailed insights into drug-membrane interactions, making it a powerful tool for in vitro drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirod
Kumar Sarangi
- School of Chemical Science
and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Amrutha Prabhakaran
- School of Chemical Science
and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- School of Chemical Science
and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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9
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Bakr AF, Shao P, Farag MA. Recent advances in glycyrrhizin metabolism, health benefits, clinical effects and drug delivery systems for efficacy improvement; a comprehensive review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153999. [PMID: 35220130 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycyrrhizin (GL) is a major active constituent of licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) that is considered one of the oldest and most frequently employed botanicals in Chinese medicine and worldwide, with most effects attributed to its rich GL content. Structurally, GL a triterpene saponin that is widely used as a flavoring agent in foodstuffs and cosmetics, and also proposed for various clinical applications with a myriad of health benefits. Pharmacological and biological activities of GL include antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities (in vitro and in vivo). Currently, there is no comprehensive review on GL biological effects and its action mechanisms. PURPOSE This review summarizes GL pharmacological actions from a molecular biology perception, presented on its metabolism and side effects based on in vitro, in vitro and clinical studies. Moreover, the potential of GL as a nanomedicine delivery system is also summarized. The progress in drug delivery research using GL presented herein is expected to provide a theoretical basis for developing other novel drugs formulations. METHODS A systematic review was carried out in several electronic databases (Science Direct, SpringerLink, CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, and Scopus), using the following key words: glycyrrhizin "AND" bioactivity "OR" clinic "OR" therapeutic "OR" drug delivery. This search included manuscripts published between 1989 and 2021. RESULTS 126 researches were selected and summarized in this review. The analysis of these studies indicated that GL has antiviral activity against different viruses. Further, GL efficiently suppressed the respiratory manifestations associated with COVID-19 by reducing the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) that employed by the virus as an entry point. Otherwise, GL was found to induce antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory, and anticancer activity. Besides, diminution the particle size of GL to nanometer size significantly augments their action and biodistribution. CONCLUSION This article summarizes the pharmacological actions of GL. The potential of GL as a nanomedicine delivery system is also presented. Nevertheless, most studies reported provide no deep insight of GL health effects warranting for more future studies to elucidate its action mechanism and potential therapeutic benefits through preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa F Bakr
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Gamaa St., Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Ping Shao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light Industry, China.
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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10
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Wang Z, Xue Y, Zeng Q, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Wu Y, Shen C, Zhu H, Jiang C, Liu L, Liu Q. Glycyrrhiza acid-Licochalcone A complexes for enhanced bioavailability and anti-melanogenic effect of Licochalcone A: cellular uptake and in vitro experiments. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Zhou M, Yang H, Li H, Gu L, Zhou Y, Li M. The effects of molecular weight and orientation on the membrane permeation and partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2158-2166. [PMID: 35005759 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04777a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Membrane permeation and the partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are crucial aspects affecting their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. However, a clear understanding of these processes is still rare due to the difficulty of determining the details experimentally. Here, the interactions between PAHs and lipid bilayers were studied by molecular simulations, mainly to check the influence of molecular weight and orientation. The liposome-water partition coefficient (KLW), transmembrane time (τ), and permeability coefficient (P) of the PAHs were calculated by integrating free energy profiles from umbrella sampling. For selected PAHs, the membrane adsorption is a spontaneous process. The preferred location is near the CC bond and the orientation is related to the molecular structure. The P values of all the PAHs are basically the same order of magnitude, which means that the molecular weight contributes little to the process. As for KLW and τ, they show obvious increases with different molecular weights. Unconstrained simulations showed that a flat orientation on the membrane surface would prevent PAHs from being transported through the membrane. Highly hydrophobic driving forces are not always good for the absorption of PAHs, especially the formation of aggregates. In addition, the orientations and energetic barriers of PAHs near the midplane of the lipid bilayer explain the different transitions of high- and low-weight PAHs. This work provides molecular level details relating to the interactions of PAHs with lipid membranes, with significance for understanding the health effects of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.,Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, 621900 Mianyang, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, 621900 Mianyang, China.
| | - Huarong Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, 621900 Mianyang, China.
| | - Lingzhi Gu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, 621900 Mianyang, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, 621900 Mianyang, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, 621900 Mianyang, China.
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12
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Selyutina OY, Kononova PA, Polyakov NE. Effect of glycyrrhizic acid on phospholipid membranes in media with different pH. Russ Chem Bull 2022; 70:2434-2439. [PMID: 35095252 PMCID: PMC8789480 DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is the active ingredient in licorice root, which exhibits a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. In particular, the virus-inhibiting effect of GA on SARS-associated coronavirus was demonstrated. In addition, GA was found to be capable of increasing bioaccessibility of other drugs when used together. All these effects can be based on the ability of GA to incorporate into cell membranes and change their physical and functional properties. One of the possible mechanisms of the antiviral action of GA against COVID-19 is also considered to be the prevention of fusion of the virus envelope with the plasma membrane of the host cell. The interaction of GA with model lipid membranes was studied by the NMR method. Different factors influencing the incorporation of the GA molecule into the lipid bilayer (phospholipid structure, pH of the medium) were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Yu. Selyutina
- V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 ul. Institutskaya, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P. A. Kononova
- V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 ul. Institutskaya, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N. E. Polyakov
- V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 ul. Institutskaya, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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13
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Li Q, Xin M, Wu X, Lei B. A nano-phytochemical ophthalmic solution for marked improvement of corneal wound healing in healthy or diabetic mice. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 17:151-165. [PMID: 34927467 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To formulate a novel nano-phytochemical ophthalmic solution to promote corneal wound healing. Methods: Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DG) and palmatine (PAL) were used to formulate this formulation marked as DG-PAL, and its efficacy and mechanisms for promoting corneal wound healing were evaluated in mice. Results: DG-PAL was easily fabricated with excellent physical profiles. In in vivo efficiency evaluations, DG-PAL demonstrated an excellent promoting effect on corneal epithelial/nerve wound healing in both healthy and diabetic mice. These effects were involved in the DG-PAL-induced decreased expression levels of HMGB1 and its signaling-related factors in the corneas and trigeminal neurons of the healthy or diabetic mice. Conclusion: DG-PAL possibly represents a promising ophthalmic solution for promoting corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Xin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100, China
| | - Xianggen Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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14
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Kim AV, Shelepova EA, Evseenko VI, Dushkin AV, Medvedev NN, Polyakov NE. Mechanism of the enhancing effect of glycyrrhizin on nifedipine penetration through a lipid membrane. J Mol Liq 2021; 344:117759. [PMID: 34658466 PMCID: PMC8500845 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The saponin glycyrrhizin from liquorice root shows the ability to enhance the therapeutic activity of other drugs when used as a drug delivery system. Due to its amphiphilic properties, glycyrrhizin can form self-associates (dimers, micelles) and supramolecular complexes with a wide range of hydrophobic drugs, which leads to an increase in their solubility, stability and bioavailability. That is why the mechanism of the biological activity of glycyrrhizin is of considerable interest and has been the subject of intensive physical and chemical research in the last decade. Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain the effect of glycyrrhizin on drug bioavailability, namely, the increase in drug solubility in water and enhancement of the membrane permeability. Interest in the membrane-modifying ability of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is also growing at present due to its recently discovered antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 Bailly and Vergoten (2020) [1]. In the present study, the passive permeability of the DOPC lipid membrane for the calcium channel blocker nifedipine was elucidated by parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) and full atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with free energy calculations. PAMPA experiments show a remarkable increase in the amount of nifedipine (NF) permeated with glycyrrhizin compared to free NF. In previous studies, we have shown using MD techniques that glycyrrhizin molecules can integrate into the lipid bilayer. In this study, MD simulation demonstrates a significant decrease in the energy barrier of NF penetration through the lipid bilayer in the presence of glycyrrhizin both in the pure DOPC membrane and in the membrane with cholesterol. This effect can be explained by the formation of hydrogen bonds between NF and GA in the middle of the bilayer.
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Key Words
- CLR, cholesterol
- DDS, drug delivery system
- DOPC
- DOPC, dioleoylphosphatidylcholine
- Drug delivery
- GA, glycyrrhizic acid
- Glycyrrhizin
- Lipid bilayer
- MD, molecular dynamics
- Membrane penetration
- Molecular dynamics
- NF, nifedipine
- NMR
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- Nifedipine
- PAMPA
- PAMPA, parallel artificial membrane permeability assay
- PMF, potential of mean force
- TBK, tebuconazole
- VDW, Van der Waals
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Kim
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya St., 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E A Shelepova
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya St., 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V I Evseenko
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Dushkin
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N N Medvedev
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya St., 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N E Polyakov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya St., 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Novosibirsk, Russia
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15
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Wang Z, Xue Y, Chen T, Du Q, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zeng Q, Shen C, Jiang C, Yang Z, Zhu H, Liu L, Liu Q. Glycyrrhiza acid micelles loaded with licochalcone A for topical delivery: Co-penetration and anti-melanogenic effect. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 167:106029. [PMID: 34601069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The co-penetration of micellar vehicles and the encapsulated drugs into the skin layers, as well as the mechanisms underlying the penetration enhancement have not been clearly elucidated. We developed licochalcone A (LA)-loaded glycyrrhiza acid (GA) (GA+LA) micelles for topical delivery of LA into the epidermis. The in vitro co-penetration, penetration pathways, mechanism of interaction between skin and the micelles, and the in vitro and in vivo whitening effect of GA+LA micelles were evaluated. Co-penetration and penetration pathways were visualized on the abdominal skin of rats model with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) using a nile blue A-labeled GA (GA-NB). We found that GA significantly increased the transport of LA into the skin predominantly via the hair follicles and GA mainly accumulated in the SC and epidermis, while LA was localized in the epidermis and dermis. Moreover, 73.4% of the LA deposited into the epidermis within 12 h and approximately 9.32% of the LA permeated across the SC in the form of entire micelles within 24 h. GA-NB+LA micelles disaggregated and accumulated in the specific skin layers, and the LA released from the carrier penetrated into deeper layers. Moreover, the GA+LA micelles promoted drug penetration via intracellular or intercellular routes by loosening the skin surface and enhancing fluidization through lipid distortion and keratin denaturation. Furthermore, GA+LA micelles exhibited synergistic whitening effect on B16 cells and UVB-exposed C57BL/6 mice. Collectively, GA micelles can enhance penetration of LA to the epidermis mainly via the hair follicles following topical application, and reduce skin pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yaqi Xue
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qunqun Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhaoming Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yufang Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Quanfu Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunyan Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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16
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Róg T, Girych M, Bunker A. Mechanistic Understanding from Molecular Dynamics in Pharmaceutical Research 2: Lipid Membrane in Drug Design. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1062. [PMID: 34681286 PMCID: PMC8537670 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the use of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation as a drug design tool in the context of the role that the lipid membrane can play in drug action, i.e., the interaction between candidate drug molecules and lipid membranes. In the standard "lock and key" paradigm, only the interaction between the drug and a specific active site of a specific protein is considered; the environment in which the drug acts is, from a biophysical perspective, far more complex than this. The possible mechanisms though which a drug can be designed to tinker with physiological processes are significantly broader than merely fitting to a single active site of a single protein. In this paper, we focus on the role of the lipid membrane, arguably the most important element outside the proteins themselves, as a case study. We discuss work that has been carried out, using MD simulation, concerning the transfection of drugs through membranes that act as biological barriers in the path of the drugs, the behavior of drug molecules within membranes, how their collective behavior can affect the structure and properties of the membrane and, finally, the role lipid membranes, to which the vast majority of drug target proteins are associated, can play in mediating the interaction between drug and target protein. This review paper is the second in a two-part series covering MD simulation as a tool in pharmaceutical research; both are designed as pedagogical review papers aimed at both pharmaceutical scientists interested in exploring how the tool of MD simulation can be applied to their research and computational scientists interested in exploring the possibility of a pharmaceutical context for their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Mykhailo Girych
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Alex Bunker
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
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17
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Yang H, Cao Q, Yuan Z, Wu X, Li M. Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of a novel self-micellizing nanoformulation-loading fisetin against acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2431-2448. [PMID: 34632809 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the feasibility of using dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DG) as a nanocarrier-loading fisetin (FIT) with strengthened treatment efficacies against liver injury induced by acetaminophen overdose. Methods: DG-FIT was prepared, and its efficacy against liver injury induced by acetaminophen overdose was evaluated. Results: DG-FIT was successfully fabricated with excellent physicochemical properties. DG-FIT could be easily dissolved in water to form a clear micelle solution with high FIT encapsulation efficiency. FIT in DG-FIT exhibited a dramatically improved aqueous solubility. DG-FIT improved intestinal permeation. Regarding in vivo efficacies, DG-FIT exhibited significant effect against acetaminophen overdose by suppressing oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines involved. Conclusion: DG-FIT formulation possibly represents a promising method for strengthening the efficacy of FIT against acetaminophen-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, 266034, China
| | - Qilong Cao
- Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhixin Yuan
- Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianggen Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengshuang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, 266034, China
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Mollazadeh S, Sahebkar A, Shahlaei M, Moradi S. Nano drug delivery systems: Molecular dynamic simulation. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Avgustinovich D, Lvova M, Vishnivetskaya G, Tsyganov M, Orlovskaya I, Toporkova L, Goiman E, Dushkin A, Lyakhov N, Mordvinov V. Effects of Three-time Administration of a Supramolecular Complex of Praziquantel with Disodium Glycyrrhizinate on Trematode Opisthorchis felineus in Hamsters. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:623-630. [PMID: 33420597 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Praziquantel (PZQ) is the most commonly used anthelmintic drug for treating trematodiases. It was shown here that PZQ in complex with disodium glycyrrhizinate (PZQ-Na2GA, in the 1:10 ratio) has higher bioavailability than PZQ alone. Our aim was to determine the effects of three-time administration of PZQ-Na2GA in an experimental opisthorchiasis felinea model. METHODS The PZQ-Na2GA complex (1:10) at a 400 mg/kg dose (meaning 36.4 mg/kg PZQ) was administered to Opisthorchis felineus-infected hamsters three times under a "9:00 am-6:00 pm-9:00 am" regimen (PZQ-Na2GA × 3). Effects of treatment were assessed as a reduction of helminth load in the hamsters and as changes in physiological, hematological, and blood biochemical parameters. The helminths extracted from the liver of the hamsters that received PZQ-Na2GA thrice were assayed for sensitivity to PZQ in vitro. RESULTS PZQ-Na2GA × 3 reduced the number of O. felineus helminths in the liver by 87%, which is 30% better than a previously reported effect of one-time administration of the complex. Meanwhile, relative weights of the liver and thymus diminished, and some hematological parameters improved. The helminths extracted from the hamsters 1 month after the PZQ-Na2GA × 3 treatment showed elevated sensitivity to PZQ, as determined in vitro. CONCLUSION Compared with previously published data on the effectiveness of various drugs in experimental opisthorchiasis felinea, PZQ-Na2GA × 3 exerts the most potent anthelmintic effect. In addition, PZQ-Na2GA × 3 improves physiological status of O. felineus-infected hamsters and sensitizes the surviving parasites to subsequent PZQ treatment.
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20
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Liao Y, Li Z, Zhou Q, Sheng M, Qu Q, Shi Y, Yang J, Lv L, Dai X, Shi X. Saponin surfactants used in drug delivery systems: A new application for natural medicine components. Int J Pharm 2021; 603:120709. [PMID: 33992714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Saponins are a group of compounds widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Due to their amphiphilic characteristic structure, saponins have high surface activity and self-assembly property and can be used as natural biosurfactants. Therefore, saponin has become a potential drug delivery system (DDS) carrier and has attracted the attention of many researchers. Increasing studies have found that when drugs combining with saponins, their solubility or bioavailability are improved. This phenomenon may be due to a synergistic mechanism and provides a potentially novel concept for DDS: saponins may be also used for carrier materials. This review emphasized the molecular characteristics and mechanism of saponins as carriers and the research on the morphology of saponin carriers. Besides, the article also introduced the role and application of saponins in DDS. Although there are still some limitations with the application of saponins such as cost, applicability, and hemolysis, the development of technology and in-depth molecular mechanism research will provide saponins with greater application prospects as DDS carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Liao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhixun Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Mengke Sheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Qingsong Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yanshuang Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Lijing Lv
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xingxing Dai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; Key Laboratory for Production Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Xinyuan Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; Key Laboratory for Production Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing 102488, China.
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21
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Zhang Q, Feng Z, Wang H, Su C, Lu Z, Yu J, Dushkin AV, Su W. Preparation of camptothecin micelles self-assembled from disodium glycyrrhizin and tannic acid with enhanced antitumor activity. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 164:75-85. [PMID: 33878433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds as carriers for hydrophobic drugs have been increasingly used in drug delivery systems. In this study, disodium glycyrrhizin (Na2GA), tannic acid (TA) and camptothecin (CPT) were firstly used to prepare the camptothecin solid dispersion (CPT SD). When dissolved in a solution medium, Na2GA self-assembled to form micelles and CPT was encapsulated in micelles, meanwhile, TA connected with Na2GA through hydrogen bonds to form a contract shell. The average diameter of the CPT-loaded micelles is 80 nm with the critical micellar concentration of 0.303 mg/mL, the zeta potential of -33 mV, the PDI of 0.25 and drug loading 6.22%. In vitro experiments confirmed that the drug-loaded micelles exhibited excellent stability and permeability in the intestinal environment. Furthermore, the formulation showed excellent anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. These findings imply that this nano-micelles provide a more potential and efficacious oral drug formulation for chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Zongmiao Feng
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Chen Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Jingbo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Alexandr V Dushkin
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
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22
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Zhang Q, Feng Z, Ren W, Zhao Y, Dushkin AV, Su W. Preparation of olmesartan medoxomil solid dispersion with sustained release performance by mechanochemical technology. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:589-602. [PMID: 33860449 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a common disease for human with high morbidity and mortality, and olmesartan medoxomil (OM) is widely used in the therapy of hypertension. However, poor water solubility and low bioavailability limit its widespread use. To improve the effect of OM, a ternary OM solid dispersion consisting of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was prepared by mechanochemical method. The best preparation parameters were OM/HP-β-CD/HPMC-E5 with mass ratio of 1:2.6:1 and milling time of 4 h. Under the optimal preparation conditions, the solubility of the ternary solid dispersion could be increased by 12 times as compared with pure OM. Due to the addition of HPMC-E5, the solid dispersion had sustained release performance with prolonged release time of 12 h. Furthermore, in vivo study demonstrated that the prepared solid dispersion could afford significantly improved bioavailability of ~ 3-fold in comparison with pure drug. Hence, the prepared ternary solid dispersion of OM may be a promise delivery system for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongmiao Feng
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ren
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchun Zhao
- Pharmacy Department, Women's Hospital, Medicine of School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Alexandr V Dushkin
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
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23
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You G, Feng T, Zhang G, Chen M, Liu F, Sun L, Wang M, Ren X. Preparation, optimization, characterization and in vitro release of baicalein-solubilizing glycyrrhizic acid nano-micelles. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120546. [PMID: 33794322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid is an amphiphilic molecule, which can form host-guest complexes by self-assembly, thereby encapsulating the guest molecule and increasing its solubility. The complexes can also achieve a controlled release effect for encapsulated drugs, so they have potential as drug delivery-systems. Baicalein is a flavonoid, with many pharmacological activities, but its oral bioavailability is limited by its poor solubility. In this study, glycyrrhizic acid-baicalein nano-micelles were prepared by an ultrasonic-film hydration method. The baicalein-loaded nano-micelles were evaluated by encapsulation efficiency, baicalein loading, particle size, polydispersity index and ζ-potential. A Box-Behnken statistical design was applied to obtain the optimal formulation (glycyrrhizic acid: 90 mg, baicalein: 8 mg, water bath shaking time: 12 h, ultrasonication time: 10 min). Nano-micelles prepared with the optimal formulation improved the solubility of baicalein in water by more than 4500 times and were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. An in vitro drug release study determined the cumulative drug release of baicalein in pH 6.8 and pH 8.3 buffer medium, after 6 h to be 18.20% and 47.96%, respectively, which indicates that the nano-micelles have a sustained-release effect on baicalein and that the release rate can be modulated by changing the pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjiao You
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Tao Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Guoqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Fan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lili Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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24
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Wei W, Evseenko VI, Khvostov MV, Borisov SA, Tolstikova TG, Polyakov NE, Dushkin AV, Xu W, Min L, Su W. Solubility, Permeability, Anti-Inflammatory Action and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Properties of Several Mechanochemically Obtained Pharmaceutical Solid Dispersions of Nimesulide. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061513. [PMID: 33802031 PMCID: PMC7998760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nimesulide (NIM, N-(4-nitro-2-phenoxyphenyl)methanesulfonamide) is a relatively new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic drug. It is practically insoluble in water (<0.02 mg/mL). This very poor aqueous solubility of the drug may lead to low bioavailability. The objective of the present study was to investigate the possibility of improving the solubility and the bioavailability of NIM via complexation with polysaccharide arabinogalactan (AG), disodium salt of glycyrrhizic acid (Na2GA), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and MgCO3. Solid dispersions (SD) have been prepared using a mechanochemical technique. The physical properties of nimesulide SD in solid state were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction studies. The characteristics of the water solutions which form from the obtained solid dispersions were analyzed by reverse phase and gel permeation HPLC. It was shown that solubility increases for all complexes under investigation. These phenomena are obliged by complexation with auxiliary substances, which was shown by 1H-NMR relaxation methods. The parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) was used for predicting passive intestinal absorption. Results showed that mechanochemically obtained complexes with polysaccharide AG, Na2GA, and HP-β-CD enhanced permeation of NIM across an artificial membrane compared to that of the pure NIM. The complexes were examined for anti-inflammatory activity on a model of histamine edema. The substances were administered per os to CD-1 mice. As a result, it was found that all investigated complexes dose-dependently reduce the degree of inflammation. The best results were obtained for the complexes of NIM with Na2GA and HP-β-CD. In noted case the inflammation can be diminished up to 2-fold at equal doses of NIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (W.W.); (A.V.D.); (W.X.); (L.M.)
| | - Veronica I. Evseenko
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Kutateladze, 18, Novosibirsk 630128, Russia; (V.I.E.); (M.V.K.); (N.E.P.)
| | - Mikhail V. Khvostov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Kutateladze, 18, Novosibirsk 630128, Russia; (V.I.E.); (M.V.K.); (N.E.P.)
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lavrentiev Avenue 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (S.A.B.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Sergey A. Borisov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lavrentiev Avenue 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (S.A.B.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Tatyana G. Tolstikova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lavrentiev Avenue 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (S.A.B.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Nikolay E. Polyakov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Kutateladze, 18, Novosibirsk 630128, Russia; (V.I.E.); (M.V.K.); (N.E.P.)
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya Str. 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Aleksandr V. Dushkin
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (W.W.); (A.V.D.); (W.X.); (L.M.)
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Kutateladze, 18, Novosibirsk 630128, Russia; (V.I.E.); (M.V.K.); (N.E.P.)
| | - Wenhao Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (W.W.); (A.V.D.); (W.X.); (L.M.)
| | - Lu Min
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (W.W.); (A.V.D.); (W.X.); (L.M.)
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (W.W.); (A.V.D.); (W.X.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Selyutina OY, Mastova AV, Shelepova EA, Polyakov NE. pH-Sensitive Glycyrrhizin Based Vesicles for Nifedipine Delivery. Molecules 2021; 26:1270. [PMID: 33652843 PMCID: PMC7956202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid, or glycyrrhizin (GA), a major active component of licorice root, has been widely used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine since ancient times. However, only in the last decades has a novel and unusual property of the GA been discovered to form water-soluble, supramolecular complexes with a variety of lipophilic drugs. These complexes show significant advantages over other known delivery systems, in particular, due to strong pH sensitivity, the properties of GA self-associates. In the present study, a supramolecular complex formation of the hypotensive and antiarrhythmic drug nifedipine with GA has been studied at different pH values, corresponding to the different degrees of GA dissociation, including a fully dissociated state of GA. Both NMR experiments and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate the existence of the nifedipine complex with GA at all dissociation states of GA. However, optical absorption experiments show the decrease of complex stability and solubility at pH > 6 when the GA molecule is fully deprotonated. It means the higher release rate of the drug in a neutral and basic environment compared with acid media. These results could form the basis of follow-up studies of GA self-associates as pH-controlled drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yu. Selyutina
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya St. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.M.); (E.A.S.); (N.E.P.)
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Kutateladze St. 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna V. Mastova
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya St. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.M.); (E.A.S.); (N.E.P.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Shelepova
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya St. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.M.); (E.A.S.); (N.E.P.)
| | - Nikolay E. Polyakov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya St. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.M.); (E.A.S.); (N.E.P.)
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Kutateladze St. 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia
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26
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Glycyrrhizin: An alternative drug for the treatment of COVID-19 infection and the associated respiratory syndrome? Pharmacol Ther 2020; 214:107618. [PMID: 32592716 PMCID: PMC7311916 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Safe and efficient drugs to combat the current COVID-19 pandemic are urgently needed. In this context, we have analyzed the anti-coronavirus potential of the natural product glycyrrhizic acid (GLR), a drug used to treat liver diseases (including viral hepatitis) and specific cutaneous inflammation (such as atopic dermatitis) in some countries. The properties of GLR and its primary active metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid are presented and discussed. GLR has shown activities against different viruses, including SARS-associated Human and animal coronaviruses. GLR is a non-hemolytic saponin and a potent immuno-active anti-inflammatory agent which displays both cytoplasmic and membrane effects. At the membrane level, GLR induces cholesterol-dependent disorganization of lipid rafts which are important for the entry of coronavirus into cells. At the intracellular and circulating levels, GLR can trap the high mobility group box 1 protein and thus blocks the alarmin functions of HMGB1. We used molecular docking to characterize further and discuss both the cholesterol- and HMG box-binding functions of GLR. The membrane and cytoplasmic effects of GLR, coupled with its long-established medical use as a relatively safe drug, make GLR a good candidate to be tested against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, alone and in combination with other drugs. The rational supporting combinations with (hydroxy)chloroquine and tenofovir (two drugs active against SARS-CoV-2) is also discussed. Based on this analysis, we conclude that GLR should be further considered and rapidly evaluated for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
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