1
|
Xiong Z, Wu H, Cai Y, Zhai X, Liu T, Li B, Song T, Guo L, Liu Z, Dong Y, Liu P, Ren Y. Selective Excitation of Exciton-Polariton Condensate Modes in an Annular Perovskite Microcavity. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24. [PMID: 38620069 PMCID: PMC11057030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Exciton-polariton systems composed of a light-matter quasi-particle with a light effective mass easily realize Bose-Einstein condensation. In this work, we constructed an annular trap in a halide perovskite semiconductor microcavity and observed the spontaneous formation of symmetrical petal-shaped exciton-polariton condensation in the annular trap at room temperature. In our study, we found that the number of petals of the petal-shaped exciton-polariton condensates, which is decided by the orbital angular momentum, is dependent on the light intensity distribution. Therefore, the selective excitation of perovskite microcavity exciton-polariton condensates under all-optical control can be realized by adjusting the light intensity distribution. This could pave the way to room-temperature topological devices, optical cryptographical devices, and new quantum gyroscopes in the exciton-polariton system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Xiong
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering and Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering and Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
- Lab
of Quantum Detection & Awareness, Space
Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
| | - Yuanwen Cai
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering and Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
| | - Xiaokun Zhai
- Institute
of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering and Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
| | - Baili Li
- Lab
of Quantum Detection & Awareness, Space
Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
| | - Tieling Song
- Lab
of Quantum Detection & Awareness, Space
Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
| | - Longfei Guo
- Lab
of Quantum Detection & Awareness, Space
Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
| | - Zhengliang Liu
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering and Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
| | - Yifan Dong
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering and Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
| | - Peicheng Liu
- Lab
of Quantum Detection & Awareness, Space
Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering and Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
- Lab
of Quantum Detection & Awareness, Space
Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yadav RK, Satapathy S, Deshmukh P, Datta B, Sharma A, Olsson AH, Chen J, Laursen BW, Flood AH, Sfeir MY, Menon VM. Direct Writing of Room Temperature Polariton Condensate Lattice. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38598721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Realizing lattices of exciton polariton condensates has been of much interest owing to the potential of such systems to realize analogue Hamiltonian simulators and physical computing architectures. Here, we report the realization of a room temperature polariton condensate lattice using a direct-write approach. Polariton condensation is achieved in a microcavity embedded with host-guest Frenkel excitons of an organic dye (rhodamine) in a small-molecule ionic isolation lattice (SMILES). The microcavity is patterned using focused ion beam etching to realize arbitrary lattice geometries, including defect sites on demand. The band structure of the lattice and the emergence of condensation are imaged using momentum-resolved spectroscopy. The introduction of defect sites is shown to lower the condensation threshold and result in the formation of a defect band in the condensation spectrum. The present approach allows us to study periodic, quasiperiodic, and disordered polariton condensate lattices at room temperature using a direct-write approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Physics, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Sitakanta Satapathy
- Department of Physics, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Prathmesh Deshmukh
- Department of Physics, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- The PhD Program in Physics, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Biswajit Datta
- Department of Physics, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Addhyaya Sharma
- Department of Physics, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Andrew H Olsson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Bo W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Vinod M Menon
- Department of Physics, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- The PhD Program in Physics, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Putintsev AD, McGhee KE, Sannikov D, Zasedatelev AV, Töpfer JD, Jessewitsch T, Scherf U, Lidzey DG, Lagoudakis PG. Controlling the Spatial Profile and Energy Landscape of Organic Polariton Condensates in Double-Dye Cavities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:186902. [PMID: 37977614 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.186902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-speed, all-optical polariton logic devices underlies emerging unconventional computing technologies and relies on advancing techniques to reversibly manipulate the spatial extent and energy of polartion condensates. We investigate active spatial control of polariton condensates independent of the polariton, gain-inducing excitation profile. This is achieved by introducing an extra intracavity semiconductor layer, nonresonant to the cavity mode. Partial saturation of the optical absorption in the uncoupled layer enables the ultrafast modulation of the effective refractive index and, through excited-state absorption, the polariton dissipation. Utilizing an intricate interplay of these mechanisms, we demonstrate control over the spatial profile, density, and energy of a polariton condensate at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton D Putintsev
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirsty E McGhee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Denis Sannikov
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton V Zasedatelev
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Julian D Töpfer
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Till Jessewitsch
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal 42119, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal 42119, Germany
| | - David G Lidzey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Pavlos G Lagoudakis
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen X, Alnatah H, Mao D, Xu M, Fan Y, Wan Q, Beaumariage J, Xie W, Xu H, Shi ZY, Snoke D, Sun Z, Wu J. Bose Condensation of Upper-Branch Exciton-Polaritons in a Transferable Microcavity. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9538-9546. [PMID: 37818838 PMCID: PMC10603810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons are composite quasiparticles that result from the coupling of excitonic transitions and optical modes. They have been extensively studied because of their quantum phenomena and potential applications in unconventional coherent light sources and all-optical control elements. In this work, we report the observation of Bose-Einstein condensation of the upper polariton branch in a transferable WS2 monolayer microcavity. Near the condensation threshold, we observe a nonlinear increase in upper polariton intensity accompanied by a decrease in line width and an increase in temporal coherence, all of which are hallmarks of Bose-Einstein condensation. Simulations show that this condensation occurs within a specific particle density range, depending on the excitonic properties and pumping conditions. The manifestation of upper polariton condensation unlocks new possibilities for studying the condensate competition while linking it to practical realizations in polaritonic lasers. Our findings contribute to the understanding of bosonic systems and offer potential for the development of polaritonic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhou Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hassan Alnatah
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Danqun Mao
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mengyao Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuening Fan
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiaochu Wan
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jonathan Beaumariage
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Wei Xie
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhe-Yu Shi
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - David Snoke
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Zheng Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi
University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi
University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Chongqing
Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing
Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401121, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Conway MA, Earl SK, Muir JB, Vu THY, Tollerud JO, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Fuhrer MS, Edmonds MT, Davis JA. Effects of Floquet Engineering on the Coherent Exciton Dynamics in Monolayer WS 2. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37494826 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Coherent optical manipulation of electronic bandstructures via Floquet Engineering is a promising means to control quantum systems on an ultrafast time scale. However, the ultrafast switching on/off of the driving field comes with questions regarding the limits of the Floquet formalism (which is defined for an infinite periodic drive) through the switching process and to what extent the transient changes can be driven adiabatically. Experimentally addressing these questions has been difficult, in large part due to the absence of an established technique to measure coherent dynamics through the duration of the pulse. Here, using multidimensional coherent spectroscopy we explicitly excite, control, and probe a coherent superposition of excitons in the K and K' valleys in monolayer WS2. With a circularly polarized, red-detuned pump pulse, the degeneracy of the K and K' excitons can be lifted, and the phase of the coherence rotated. We directly measure phase rotations greater than π during the 100 fs driving pulse and show that this can be described by a combination of the AC-Stark shift of excitons in one valley and the Bloch-Siegert shift of excitons in the opposite valley. Despite showing a smooth evolution of the phase that directly follows the intensity envelope of the nonresonant pump pulse, the process is not perfectly adiabatic. By measuring the magnitude of the macroscopic coherence as it evolves before, during, and after the nonresonant pump pulse we show that there is additional decoherence caused by power broadening in the presence of the nonresonant pump. This nonadiabaticity arises as a result of interactions with the otherwise adiabatic Floquet states and may be a problem for many applications, such as manipulating qubits in quantum information processing; however, these measurements also suggest ways such effects can be minimized or eliminated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A Conway
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart K Earl
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jack B Muir
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thi-Hai-Yen Vu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan O Tollerud
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Michael S Fuhrer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark T Edmonds
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
- ANFF-VIC Technology Fellow, Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jeffrey A Davis
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Tian J, Klein M, Adamo G, Ha ST, Soci C. Directional Emission from Electrically Injected Exciton-Polaritons in Perovskite Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4431-4438. [PMID: 37129264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a new approach to achieving strong coupling between electrically injected excitons and photonic bound states in the continuum of a dielectric metasurface. Here a high-finesse metasurface cavity is monolithically patterned in the channel of a perovskite light-emitting transistor to induce a large Rabi splitting of ∼200 meV and more than 50-fold enhancement of the polaritonic emission compared to the intrinsic excitonic emission of the perovskite film. Moreover, the directionality of polaritonic electroluminescence can be dynamically tuned by varying the source-drain bias, which induces an asymmetric distribution of exciton population within the transistor channel. We argue that this approach provides a new platform to study strong light-matter interactions in dispersion engineered photonic cavities under electrical injection and paves the way to solution-processed electrically pumped polariton lasers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Wang
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, TPI, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Jingyi Tian
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, TPI, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Maciej Klein
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, TPI, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Giorgio Adamo
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, TPI, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Son Tung Ha
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634
| | - Cesare Soci
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, TPI, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Optically trapped room temperature polariton condensate in an organic semiconductor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7191. [PMID: 36424397 PMCID: PMC9691723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong nonlinearities of exciton-polariton condensates in lattices make them suitable candidates for neuromorphic computing and physical simulations of complex problems. So far, all room temperature polariton condensate lattices have been achieved by nanoimprinting microcavities, which by nature lacks the crucial tunability required for realistic reconfigurable simulators. Here, we report the observation of a quantised oscillating nonlinear quantum fluid in 1D and 2D potentials in an organic microcavity at room temperature, achieved by an on-the-fly fully tuneable optical approach. Remarkably, the condensate is delocalised from the excitation region by macroscopic distances, leading both to longer coherence and a threshold one order of magnitude lower than that with a conventional Gaussian excitation profile. We observe different mode selection behaviour compared to inorganic materials, which highlights the anomalous scaling of blueshift with pump intensity and the presence of sizeable energy-relaxation mechanisms. Our work is a major step towards a fully tuneable polariton simulator at room temperature.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu L, Zhang Z. Only-train-electrical-to-optical-conversion (OTEOC): simple diffractive neural networks with optical readout. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:28024-28037. [PMID: 36236959 DOI: 10.1364/oe.462370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning hardware based on optical diffraction is emerging as a new computing platform with high throughput and low latency. The current all-optical diffractive deep neural networks often suffer from complex optical configuration, lack of efficient optical nonlinear activation, and critical alignment between optical layers for system integration. The opto-electronic diffractive neural networks can partially address these issues by shifting some computation load, e.g., nonlinear activation and adaptive training, to the electronic domain. However, these hybrid networks require extra optical-to-electrical conversion that inevitably slows the overall process down. Here, we propose a simple opto-electronic diffractive neural network with just one optical layer enabled by a standard phase-only spatial light modulator. The proposed system can classify images by optical readout and does not need to collect the light distribution for subsequent electronic computation. The nonlinear function is intrinsically integrated in the essential encoding process from the electronic input to the modulated wavefront of light. Thanks to its simplicity, the system can reach high classification accuracy without calibration and can be reconfigured by updating the weights without changing or moving any physical component. We believe this technology brings diffractive neural networks a step closer to building realistic optics-based neurocomputers.
Collapse
|
9
|
Nguyen AT, Kwon S, Song J, Cho E, Kim H, Kim DW. Self-Hybridized Exciton-Polaritons in Sub-10-nm-Thick WS2 Flakes: Roles of Optical Phase Shifts at WS2/Au Interfaces. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142388. [PMID: 35889612 PMCID: PMC9319842 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exciton–polaritons (EPs) can be formed in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) multilayers sustaining optical resonance modes without any external cavity. The self-hybridized EP modes are expected to depend on the TMD thickness, which directly determines the resonance wavelength. Exfoliated WS2 flakes were prepared on SiO2/Si substrates and template-stripped ultraflat Au layers, and the thickness dependence of their EP modes was compared. For WS2 flakes on SiO2/Si, the minimum flake thickness to exhibit exciton–photon anticrossing was larger than 40 nm. However, for WS2 flakes on Au, EP mode splitting appeared in flakes thinner than 10 nm. Analytical and numerical calculations were performed to explain the distinct thickness-dependence. The phase shifts of light at the WS2/Au interface, originating from the complex Fresnel coefficients, were as large as π/2 at visible wavelengths. Such exceptionally large phase shifts allowed the optical resonance and resulting EP modes in the sub-10-nm-thick WS2 flakes. This work helps us to propose novel optoelectronic devices based on the intriguing exciton physics of TMDs.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wan X, Tsuruoka T, Terabe K. Neuromorphic System for Edge Information Encoding: Emulating Retinal Center-Surround Antagonism by Li-Ion-Mediated Highly Interactive Devices. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7938-7945. [PMID: 34516142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Center-surround antagonism, a key mechanism in the retina, contributes to the encoding of edge contrast rather than of the overall information on a visual image. Here, a neuromorphic system consisting of multiple ionic devices is built, where each device has a lithium cobalt oxide channel arranged on a common lithium phosphorus oxynitride electrolyte. Because of the migration of Li ions between the channels through the electrolyte, the devices are highly interactive, as is seen with retinal neurons. On the basis of the excitation of single devices and device-to-device inhibition, the system successfully emulates the antagonistic center-surround receptive field and the Mach band effect in which perceived contrast is enhanced at the edges between dark and bright regions. Furthermore, a two-dimensional array system is simulated to implement edge detection for real images. This scheme enables computer vision tasks with simple and effective operations, owing to the intrinsic properties of the materials employed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wan
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tohru Tsuruoka
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kazuya Terabe
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Su R, Fieramosca A, Zhang Q, Nguyen HS, Deleporte E, Chen Z, Sanvitto D, Liew TCH, Xiong Q. Perovskite semiconductors for room-temperature exciton-polaritonics. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1315-1324. [PMID: 34211156 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead-halide perovskites are generally excellent light emitters and can have larger exciton binding energies than thermal energy at room temperature, exhibiting great promise for room-temperature exciton-polaritonics. Rapid progress has been made recently, although challenges and mysteries remain in lead-halide perovskite semiconductors to push polaritons to room-temperature operation. In this Perspective, we discuss fundamental aspects of perovskite semiconductors for exciton-polaritons and review the recent rapid experimental advances using lead-halide perovskites for room-temperature polaritonics, including the experimental realization of strong light-matter interaction using various types of microcavities as well as reaching the polariton condensation regime in planar microcavities and lattices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hai Son Nguyen
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Emmanuelle Deleporte
- LuMIn, Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Zhanghai Chen
- Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Anantharaman SB, Jo K, Jariwala D. Exciton-Photonics: From Fundamental Science to Applications. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12628-12654. [PMID: 34310122 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductors in all dimensionalities ranging from 0D quantum dots and molecules to 3D bulk crystals support bound electron-hole pair quasiparticles termed excitons. Over the past two decades, the emergence of a variety of low-dimensional semiconductors that support excitons combined with advances in nano-optics and photonics has burgeoned an advanced area of research that focuses on engineering, imaging, and modulating the coupling between excitons and photons, resulting in the formation of hybrid quasiparticles termed exciton-polaritons. This advanced area has the potential to bring about a paradigm shift in quantum optics, as well as classical optoelectronic devices. Here, we present a review on the coupling of light in excitonic semiconductors and previous investigations of the optical properties of these hybrid quasiparticles via both far-field and near-field imaging and spectroscopy techniques. Special emphasis is given to recent advances with critical evaluation of the bottlenecks that plague various materials toward practical device implementations including quantum light sources. Our review highlights a growing need for excitonic material development together with optical engineering and imaging techniques to harness the utility of excitons and their host materials for a variety of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surendra B Anantharaman
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kiyoung Jo
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mirek R, Opala A, Comaron P, Furman M, Król M, Tyszka K, Seredyński B, Ballarini D, Sanvitto D, Liew TCH, Pacuski W, Suffczyński J, Szczytko J, Matuszewski M, Piętka B. Neuromorphic Binarized Polariton Networks. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3715-3720. [PMID: 33635656 PMCID: PMC8155323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of artificial neural networks and applied artificial intelligence has led to many applications. However, current software implementation of neural networks is severely limited in terms of performance and energy efficiency. It is believed that further progress requires the development of neuromorphic systems, in which hardware directly mimics the neuronal network structure of a human brain. Here, we propose theoretically and realize experimentally an optical network of nodes performing binary operations. The nonlinearity required for efficient computation is provided by semiconductor microcavities in the strong quantum light-matter coupling regime, which exhibit exciton-polariton interactions. We demonstrate the system performance against a pattern recognition task, obtaining accuracy on a par with state-of-the-art hardware implementations. Our work opens the way to ultrafast and energy-efficient neuromorphic systems taking advantage of ultrastrong optical nonlinearity of polaritons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Mirek
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics,
University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Opala
- Institute
of Physics, Polish Academy
of Sciences, Aleja Lotników
32/46, PL-02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paolo Comaron
- Institute
of Physics, Polish Academy
of Sciences, Aleja Lotników
32/46, PL-02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Furman
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics,
University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Król
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics,
University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Tyszka
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics,
University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Seredyński
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics,
University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR
NANOTEC−Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR
NANOTEC−Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Timothy C. H. Liew
- School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Wojciech Pacuski
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics,
University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Suffczyński
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics,
University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Szczytko
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics,
University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Matuszewski
- Institute
of Physics, Polish Academy
of Sciences, Aleja Lotników
32/46, PL-02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Piętka
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics,
University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Antenucci F, Lerario G, Fernandéz BS, De Marco L, De Giorgi M, Ballarini D, Sanvitto D, Leuzzi L. Demonstration of Self-Starting Nonlinear Mode Locking in Random Lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:173901. [PMID: 33988433 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.173901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In ultrafast multimode lasers, mode locking is implemented by means of saturable absorbers or modulators, allowing for very short pulses. This occurs because of nonlinear interactions of modes with well equispaced frequencies. Though theory predicts that, in the absence of any device, mode locking would occur in random lasers, this has never been demonstrated so far. Through the analysis of multimode correlations we provide clear evidence for nonlinear mode coupling in random lasers. The behavior of multiresonance intensity correlations is tested against the nonlinear frequency matching condition equivalent to the one underlying phase locking in ordered ultrafast lasers. Nontrivially large correlations are clearly observed for spatially overlapping resonances that sensitively depend on the frequency matching condition to be satisfied, eventually demonstrating the occurrence of nonlinear mode-locked mode coupling. This is the first example, to our knowledge, of an experimental realization of self-starting mode locking in random lasers, allowing for many new developments in the design and use of nanostructured devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Antenucci
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- Saddle Point Science Ltd, 71 OAKS Avenue, Worcester Park KT4 8XE, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Lerario
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Luisa De Marco
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luca Leuzzi
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kumar S, Bu T, Zhang H, Huang I, Huang Y. Robust and efficient single-pixel image classification with nonlinear optics. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1848-1851. [PMID: 33857084 DOI: 10.1364/ol.420388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a hybrid image classifier by feature-sensitive image upconversion, single pixel photodetection, and deep learning, aiming at fast processing of high-resolution images. It uses partial Fourier transform to extract the images' signature features in both the original and Fourier domains, thereby significantly increasing the classification accuracy and robustness. Tested on the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology handwritten digit images and verified by simulation, it boosts accuracy from 81.25% (by Fourier-domain processing) to 99.23%, and achieves 83% accuracy for highly contaminated images whose signal-to-noise ratio is only -17dB. Our approach could prove useful for fast lidar data processing, high-resolution image recognition, occluded target identification, and atmosphere monitoring.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao J, Su R, Fieramosca A, Zhao W, Du W, Liu X, Diederichs C, Sanvitto D, Liew TCH, Xiong Q. Ultralow Threshold Polariton Condensate in a Monolayer Semiconductor Microcavity at Room Temperature. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3331-3339. [PMID: 33797259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons, hybrid light-matter bosonic quasiparticles, can condense into a single quantum state, i.e., forming a polariton Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), which represents a crucial step for the development of nanophotonic technology. Recently, atomically thin transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) emerged as promising candidates for novel polaritonic devices. Although the formation of robust valley-polaritons has been realized up to room temperature, the demonstration of polariton lasing remains elusive. Herein, we report for the first time the realization of this important milestone in a TMD microcavity at room temperature. Continuous wave pumped polariton lasing is evidenced by the macroscopic occupation of the ground state, which undergoes a nonlinear increase of the emission along with the emergence of temporal coherence, the presence of an exciton fraction-controlled threshold and the buildup of linear polarization. Our work presents a critically important step toward exploiting nonlinear polariton-polariton interactions, as well as offering a new platform for thresholdless lasing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Weijie Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xue Liu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Carole Diederichs
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, Département de physique de l'ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu J, Ghosh S, Su R, Fieramosca A, Liew TCH, Xiong Q. Nonlinear Parametric Scattering of Exciton Polaritons in Perovskite Microcavities. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3120-3126. [PMID: 33788571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Comparing with pure photons, higher nonlinearity in polariton systems has been exploited in various proof-of-principle demonstrations of efficient optical devices based on the parametric scattering effect. However, most of them demand cryogenic temperatures limited by the small exciton binding energy of traditional semiconductors or exhibit weak nonlinearity resulting from Frenkel excitons. Lead halide perovskites, possessing both a large binding energy and a strong polariton interaction, emerge as ideal platforms to explore nonlinear polariton physics toward room temperature operation. Here, we report the first observation of nonlinear parametric scattering in a lead halide perovskite microcavity with multiple polariton branches at room temperature. Driven by the scattering source from condensation in one polariton branch, correlated polariton pairs are obtained at high k states in an adjacent branch. Our results strongly advocate the ability to reach the nonlinear regime essential for perovskite polaritonics working at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinqi Wu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Sanjib Ghosh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, https://majulab.cnrs.fr/
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Krisnanda T, Ghosh S, Paterek T, Liew TCH. Creating and concentrating quantum resource states in noisy environments using a quantum neural network. Neural Netw 2021; 136:141-151. [PMID: 33486293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quantum information processing tasks require exotic quantum states as a prerequisite. They are usually prepared with many different methods tailored to the specific resource state. Here we provide a versatile unified state preparation scheme based on a driven quantum network composed of randomly-coupled fermionic nodes. The output of such a system is then superposed with the help of linear mixing where weights and phases are trained in order to obtain desired output quantum states. We explicitly show that our method is robust and can be utilized to create almost perfect maximally entangled, NOON, W, cluster, and discorded states. Furthermore, the treatment includes energy decay in the system as well as dephasing and depolarization. Under these noisy conditions we show that the target states are achieved with high fidelity by tuning controllable parameters and providing sufficient strength to the driving of the quantum network. Finally, in very noisy systems, where noise is comparable to the driving strength, we show how to concentrate entanglement by mixing more states in a larger network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanjung Krisnanda
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Sanjib Ghosh
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tomasz Paterek
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore; MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bu T, Kumar S, Zhang H, Huang I, Huang YP. Single-pixel pattern recognition with coherent nonlinear optics. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:6771-6774. [PMID: 33325893 DOI: 10.1364/ol.411564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a nonlinear-optics approach to pattern recognition with single-pixel imaging and a deep neural network. It employs mode-selective image up-conversion to project a raw image onto a set of coherent spatial modes, whereby its signature features are extracted optically in a nonlinear manner. With 40 projection modes, the classification accuracy reaches a high value of 99.49% for the modified national institute of standards and technology handwritten digit images, and up to 95.32%, even when they are mixed with strong noise. Our experiment harnesses rich coherent processes in nonlinear optics for efficient machine learning, with potential applications in online classification of large-size images, fast lidar data analyses, complex pattern recognition, and so on.
Collapse
|