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Chang X, Xu Y, von Delius M. Recent advances in supramolecular fullerene chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:47-83. [PMID: 37853792 PMCID: PMC10759306 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00937d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene chemistry has come a long way since 1990, when the first bulk production of C60 was reported. In the past decade, progress in supramolecular chemistry has opened some remarkable and previously unexpected opportunities regarding the selective (multiple) functionalization of fullerenes and their (self)assembly into larger structures and frameworks. The purpose of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of these recent developments. We describe how macrocycles and cages that bind strongly to C60 can be used to block undesired addition patterns and thus allow the selective preparation of single-isomer addition products. We also discuss how the emergence of highly shape-persistent macrocycles has opened opportunities for the study of photoactive fullerene dyads and triads as well as the preparation of mechanically interlocked compounds. The preparation of two- or three-dimensional fullerene materials is another research area that has seen remarkable progress over the past few years. Due to the rapidly decreasing price of C60 and C70, we believe that these achievements will translate into all fields where fullerenes have traditionally (third-generation solar cells) and more recently been applied (catalysis, spintronics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmao Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
| | - Youzhi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
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2
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Gustavsson L, Lv ZP, Cherian T, Seppälä W, Liljeström V, Peng B, Huotari S, Rannou P, Ikkala O. Heating-Induced Switching to Hierarchical Liquid Crystallinity Combining Colloidal and Molecular Order in Zwitterionic Molecules. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:39345-39353. [PMID: 37901556 PMCID: PMC10601052 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical self-assemblies of soft matter involving triggerable or switchable structures at different length scales have been pursued toward multifunctional behaviors and complexity inspired by biological matter. They require several and balanced competing attractive and repulsive interactions, which provide a grand challenge in particular in the "bulk" state, i.e., in the absence of plasticizing solvents. Here, we disclose that zwitterionic bis-n-tetradecylphosphobetaine, as a model compound, shows a complex thermally switchable hierarchical self-assembly in the solvent-free state. It shows polymorphism and heating-induced reversible switching from low-temperature molecular-level assemblies to high-temperature hierarchical self-assemblies, unexpectedly combining colloidal and molecular self-assemblies, as inferred by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The high-temperature phase sustains birefringent flow, indicating a new type of hierarchical thermotropic liquid crystallinity. The high-temperature colloidal-level SAXS reflections suggest indexation as a 2D oblique pattern and their well-defined layer separation in the perpendicular direction. We suggest that the colloidal self-assembled motifs are 2D nanoplatelets formed by the lateral packing of the molecules, where the molecular packing frustration between the tightly packed zwitterionic moieties and the coiled alkyl chains demanding more space limits the lateral platelet growth controlled by the alkyl stretching entropy. An indirect proof is provided by the addition of plasticizing ionic liquids, which relieve the ionic dense packings of zwitterions, thus allowing purely smectic liquid crystallinity without the colloidal level order. Thus, molecules with a simple chemical structure can lead to structural hierarchy and tunable complexity in the solvent-free state by balancing the competing long-range electrostatics and short-range nanosegregations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Gustavsson
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Zhong-Peng Lv
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tomy Cherian
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Wille Seppälä
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ville Liljeström
- Nanomicroscopy
Center, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Bo Peng
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Simo Huotari
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrice Rannou
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble
INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
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3
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Liu ZF, Ren J, Li P, Niu LY, Liao Q, Zhang S, Yang QZ. Circularly Polarized Laser Emission from Homochiral Superstructures based on Achiral Molecules with Conformal Flexibility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214211. [PMID: 36374590 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Without external chiral intervention, it is a challenge to form homochirality from achiral molecules with conformational flexibility. We here report on a rational strategy that uses multivalent noncovalent interactions to clamp the molecular conformations of achiral D-A molecules. These interactions overcome the otherwise dominant dipole-dipole interactions and thus disfavor their symmetric antiparallel stacking. It in turn facilitates parallel packing, leading to spontaneous symmetry breaking during crystallization and thus the formation of homochiral conglomerates. When this emergent homochirality is coupled with optical gain characteristics of the molecules, the homochiral crystals are explored as excellent circularly polarized micro-lasers with low lasing threshold (16.4 μJ cm-2 ) and high dissymmetry factor glum (0.9). This study therefore provides a facile design strategy for supramolecular chiral materials and active laser ones without the necessity of intrinsic chiral element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jiahuan Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Pan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ya Niu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Shaodong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Zheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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4
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Hamaguchi K, Lu H, Okamura S, Kajiyama S, Uchida J, Sato S, Watanabe G, Ishii Y, Washizu H, Ungar G, Kato T. Reentrant 2D Nanostructured Liquid Crystals by Competition between Molecular Packing and Conformation: Potential Design for Multistep Switching of Ionic Conductivity. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200927. [PMID: 36594677 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reentrant phenomena in soft matter and biosystems have attracted considerable attention because their properties are closely related to high functionality. Here, we report a combined experimental and computational study on the self-assembly and reentrant behavior of a single-component thermotropic smectic liquid crystal toward the realization of dynamically functional materials. We have designed and synthesized a mesogenic molecule consisting of an alicyclic trans,trans-bicyclohexyl mesogen and a polar cyclic carbonate group connected by a flexible tetra(oxyethylene) spacer. The molecule exhibits an unprecedented sequence of layered smectic phases, in the order: smectic A-smectic B-reentrant smectic A. Electron density profiles and large-scale molecular dynamics simulations indicate that competition between the stacking of bicyclohexyl mesogens and the conformational flexibility of tetra(oxyethylene) chains induces this unusual reentrant behavior. Ion-conductive reentrant liquid-crystalline materials have been developed, which undergo the multistep conductivity changes in response to temperature. The reentrant liquid crystals have potential as new mesogenic materials exhibiting switching functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Hamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Huanjun Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Shota Okamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kajiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Junya Uchida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sato
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Go Watanabe
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ishii
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Washizu
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Goran Ungar
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
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5
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Jang D, Heo J, Jannah F, Khazi MI, Son YJ, Noh J, An H, Park SM, Yoon DK, Kadamannil NN, Jelinek R, Kim J. Stimulus‐Responsive Tubular Conjugated Polymer 2D Nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211465. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daewoong Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Jung‐Moo Heo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Fadilatul Jannah
- Department of Chemical Engineering Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Korea
| | | | - Young Ji Son
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Jaegeun Noh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Korea
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Hyosung An
- Department of Petrochemical Materials Engineering Chonnam National University Yeosu 59631 Korea
| | - Soon Mo Park
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | | | - Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry Ben Gurion University Negev Beer Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Jong‐Man Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Korea
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6
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Jang D, Heo JM, Jannah F, Khazi MI, Son YJ, Noh J, An H, Park SM, Yoon DK, Kadamannil NN, Jelinek R, Kim JM. Stimulus‐responsive Tubular Conjugated Polymer 2D Nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daewoong Jang
- Hanyang University Department of Chemical Engineering KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Jung-Moo Heo
- Hanyang University Department of Chemical Engineering KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Fadilatul Jannah
- Hanyang University Department of Chemical Engineering KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | | | - Young Ji Son
- Hanyang University Department of Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Jaegeun Noh
- Hanyang University Department of Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Hyosung An
- Chonnam National University Department of Petrochemical Materials Engineering KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Soon Mo Park
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technologies KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | | | - Raz Jelinek
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Department of Chemistry ISRAEL
| | - Jong-Man Kim
- Hanyang University Department of Chemical Engineering 222 Wangsimni-roSeongdong-gu 04763 Seoul KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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7
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Wu C, Peng J, Pu W, Lu S, Zhang C, Wu N, Sun Z, Zhang H, Wang HT. Elastic Properties of High-Symmetry Sb 4O 6 Cage-Molecular Crystal. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9011-9019. [PMID: 34515494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The cubic-phase antimony trioxide (α-Sb2O3) is a room-temperature stable molecular crystal, composed of cage-like tetraantimony hexoxide (Sb4O6) molecules. Despite its versatile functionality, the van der Waals (vdW) bond-dominated nanomechanics is still unclear. Here, the bending plate-like linear behaviors of high-quality α-Sb2O3 nanoflakes were observed using the nanoindentation method. It is found that the cage-molecular crystal owns a very low in-plane Young's modulus of 14.9 ± 0.8 GPa and a remarkable maximum tensile strain of 6.0-8.8%, corresponding to a rupture strength of 0.89-1.31 GPa. Elucidated by the atomistic simulations, the compliant elastic modulus and the unexpectedly strong rupture strain are associated with the high-symmetry vdW bonding structure. The vdW nanomechanics is of fundamental and technological relevance to nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jun Peng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Weiwen Pu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shengnan Lu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Nan Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhaoru Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hongti Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hung-Ta Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
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8
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Chen G, Shrestha LK, Ariga K. Zero-to-Two Nanoarchitectonics: Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Materials from Zero-Dimensional Fullerene. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154636. [PMID: 34361787 PMCID: PMC8348140 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoarchitectonics of two-dimensional materials from zero-dimensional fullerenes is mainly introduced in this short review. Fullerenes are simple objects with mono-elemental (carbon) composition and zero-dimensional structure. However, fullerenes and their derivatives can create various types of two-dimensional materials. The exemplified approaches demonstrated fabrications of various two-dimensional materials including size-tunable hexagonal fullerene nanosheet, two-dimensional fullerene nano-mesh, van der Waals two-dimensional fullerene solid, fullerene/ferrocene hybrid hexagonal nanosheet, fullerene/cobalt porphyrin hybrid nanosheet, two-dimensional fullerene array in the supramolecular template, two-dimensional van der Waals supramolecular framework, supramolecular fullerene liquid crystal, frustrated layered self-assembly from two-dimensional nanosheet, and hierarchical zero-to-one-to-two dimensional fullerene assembly for cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Chen
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan;
| | - Lok Kumar Shrestha
- WPI Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Ibaraki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan;
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan;
- WPI Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Ibaraki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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9
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Liu X, Shi Z, Xie M, Xu J, Zhou Z, Jung S, Cui G, Zuo Y, Li T, Yu C, Liu Z, Zhang S. Single‐Handed Double Helix and Spiral Platelet Formed by Racemate of Dissymmetric Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Mingchen Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Jianping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhifan Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Sinyeong Jung
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Guijia Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yong Zuo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Tao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Shaodong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
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10
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Liu X, Shi Z, Xie M, Xu J, Zhou Z, Jung S, Cui G, Zuo Y, Li T, Yu C, Liu Z, Zhang S. Single-Handed Double Helix and Spiral Platelet Formed by Racemate of Dissymmetric Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15080-15086. [PMID: 33860594 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous deracemization has been used to separate homochiral domains from the racemic system. However, homochirality can only be referred to when the scales of these domains and systems are specified. To clarify this, we report self-assembly of racemates of dissymmetric cages DC-1 with a cone-shape propeller geometry, forming a centrosymmetric columnar crystalline phase (racemic at crystallographic level). Owing to their anisotropic geometry, the two enantiomers are packed in a frustrated fashion in this crystalline phase; single-handed double helices are observed (single-handedness at supramolecular level). The frustrated packing (layer continuity break-up) in turn facilitates screw dislocation during the crystal growth, forming left- or right-handed spiral platelets (symmetry-breaking at morphological level), although each platelet is composed of DC-1 racemates. The symmetry correlation between DC-1 molecules, the crystalline phase and spiral platelets, all exhibit C3 symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mingchen Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jianping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhifan Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Sinyeong Jung
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guijia Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yong Zuo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shaodong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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