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Zhao Q, Chen L, Liang F, Wang S, Wang G, Yu H, Zhang H. Angular Engineering Strategy for Enhanced Surface Nonlinear Frequency Conversion in Centrosymmetric Topological Semimetal HfGe 0.92Te. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310438. [PMID: 38165969 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Surface nonlinear optics are essential for developments in integrated photonics and micro/nano optoelectronics. However, the nonlinear optical conversion efficiency on a surface is restricted by the finite nonlinear susceptibility of matter and the intrinsic atomic-layered interaction length between light and matter. In this work, based on an angular engineering strategy, it is demonstrated that the centrosymmetric topological semimetal HfGe0.92Te crystal has a giant and anisotropic surface second-order nonlinear susceptibility up to 5535 ± 308 pm V-1 and exhibits efficient and unprecedented second-harmonic generation (SHG). The maximum optical conversion efficiency is found to be up to 3.75‰, which is 104 times higher than that obtained from a silicon surface. Because of the linear dispersion over a wide range of energies around the Dirac points, this high conversion efficiency can be maintained with SHG wavelengths ranging from the visible region (779 nm) to the deep-UV region (257.5 nm). This study can facilitate the development of topological photonics and integrated nonlinear photonics based on topological semimetals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Long Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
- Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Shuxian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Haohai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Huaijin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
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Abir T, Sideris S, Ellenbogen T. External chirality enhancing downconversion in a waveguide-coupled nonlinear plasmonic metasurface. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1241-1244. [PMID: 38426983 DOI: 10.1364/ol.507953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Metasurfaces, typically constructed from spatial arrangements of localized building blocks, can enhance light-matter interactions through local field enhancement or by coherent coupling to extended photonic modes. Recent works have explored how guided mode resonances influence the performance of nonlinear metasurfaces. Here we investigate the modal impact on difference-frequency generation in a waveguide-coupled metasurface platform. The system is constructed from gold split-ring resonators on a high-index TiO2 waveguide. We find that a symmetric configuration of the metasurface's localized modes and the extended waveguide modes lead to a modest enhancement of the downconversion process. However, when the mirror symmetry of the localized modes with respect to the guided mode propagation breaks, it introduces external chirality. This enables coupling to a higher quality mode, resulting in a 70-fold enhancement of the difference-frequency generation. The capacity to manipulate the nonlocal modes through the design offers broader control over the interaction and new avenues to tailor the nonlinear processes.
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Hail CU, Michaeli L, Atwater HA. Third Harmonic Generation Enhancement and Wavefront Control Using a Local High- Q Metasurface. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2257-2263. [PMID: 38346272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
High quality factor optical nanostructures provide a great opportunity to enhance nonlinear optical processes such as third harmonic generation. However, the field enhancement in these high quality factor structures is typically accompanied by optical mode nonlocality. As a result, the enhancement of nonlinear processes comes at the cost of their local control as needed for nonlinear wavefront shaping, imaging, and holography. Here we show simultaneous strong enhancement and spatial control over third harmonic generation with a local high-Q metasurface relying on higher-order Mie resonant modes. Our results demonstrate third harmonic generation at an efficiency of up to 3.25 × 10-5, high quality wavefront shaping as illustrated by a third harmonic metalens, and a flatband, angle independent, third harmonic response up to ±11° incident angle. The demonstrated high level of local control and efficient frequency conversion offer promising prospects for realizing novel nonlinear optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio U Hail
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lior Michaeli
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Harry A Atwater
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Chen H, Chen X, Zhao X, Wang J. Enhanced second harmonic generation from a quasi-periodic silver dendritic metasurface. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:035202. [PMID: 37852219 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of the vast majority of nonlinear optical metal metasurfaces currently relies on complex top-down methods such as electron beam or ion beam etching, which are expensive and difficult to meet the requirement of large area preparation. In this paper, an easily prepared quasi-periodic silver dendritic metasurface model with highQfactor is established in the near-infrared band based on a simple and easy-to-operate electrochemical deposition method. The simulations prove that the silver dendritic metasurface has a highQfactor (exceeds 104) because of its strong electric field localization ability, which is analogous to the superposition of multiple split-ring resonators. It is demonstrated that the second harmonic generation (SHG) intensity of the dendritic metasurface at a large incident angle (such as 85°) is about 30 times that of the metasurface at a small incident angle when thex-polarized pump light is incident obliquely to break the centrosymmetry of the metasurface. The influences of the incident angle or dendritic structure's dimensions on theQfactor and SHG efficiency have also been researched through a lot of simulation. This easily prepared quasi-periodic silver dendritic metasurface SHG device may provide a new avenue for the development and application of miniature, integratable nonlinear optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Guangzhou, 510555, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Wang
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
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Boroviks S, Kiselev A, Achouri K, Martin OJF. Demonstration of a Plasmonic Nonlinear Pseudodiode. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3362-3368. [PMID: 37043888 PMCID: PMC10141562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a nonlinear plasmonic metasurface that exhibits strongly asymmetric second-harmonic generation: nonlinear scattering is efficient upon excitation in one direction, and it is substantially suppressed when the excitation direction is reversed, thus enabling a diode-like functionality. A significant (approximately 10 dB) extinction ratio of SHG upon opposite excitations is measured experimentally, and those findings are substantiated with full-wave simulations. This effect is achieved by employing a combination of two commonly used metals─aluminum and silver─producing a material composition asymmetry that results in a bianisotropic response of the system, as confirmed by performing homogenization analysis and extracting an effective susceptibility tensor. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results from the more fundamental perspectives of reciprocity and time-reversal asymmetry.
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Sugita A, Mochiduki K, Katahira Y, Ng SH, Juodkazis S. Augmentation of surface plasmon-enhanced second harmonic generation from Au nanoprisms on SiO 2/Si: interference contribution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:22161-22177. [PMID: 36224922 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present an augmentation of Surface Plasmon (SP)-enhanced second harmonic generation (SHG) due to interference field enhancement in Au nanoprisms (AuNPs) on SiO2-coated Si substrates. The SiO2 spacer contributed for the optical interference and increased the coupling efficiency of the pump light with the SP polarization as well as a decoupling efficiency of the SHG waves from nonlinear polarization. The intensity of the SP-enhanced SHG signals increased 4.5-fold with respect to the AuNPs on the bare SiO2 substrate by setting the SiO2 spacer layer to the appropriate thickness. The numerical analysis revealed that the optimal SHG conversion was determined by the balance between the degree of the optical interference at the fundamental and SHG wavelengths.
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