1
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Jia H, Chen L, Yang D, Zou Y, Wang H, Yin B, Bai S, Zhang C, Yao J. Magnetic Switching of Second-Harmonic Generation from Single Cerium-Based Coordination Polymer Microcrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:6728-6735. [PMID: 38905137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Conventional access and modulation of second-harmonic generation (SHG) require precise control of crystal orientation, which faces great mechanical challenges in the case of micro/nanocrystals. Here, we demonstrate the magnetic-field-tunable SHG performance of lanthanide coordination polymer (Ce-BTC CP) microcrystals through field-aligned orientations. The coordination of Ce ions and organic ligands constructs a noncentrosymmetric structure, which not only contributes to a favorable powder SHG efficiency 3.2 times larger than that of the benchmark KH2PO4 (KDP) but also endows the microcrystals with strong magnetic anisotropy. The SHG efficiency (∼0 to 10 × KDP) depends on the orientation of the crystallographic c-axis, whereas magnetic anisotropy always aligns the c-axis with the magnetic field at a specific angle. Accordingly, the SHG can be magnetically switched by field-induced alignments. The adsorption of dyes by Ce-BTC CPs further facilitates the magnetic switching of multicolor fluorescence that can be excited by the SHG. Our work provides a new pathway for achieving SHG modulation at the microscopic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingfang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongchun Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ye Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baipeng Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shuming Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Institute of Molecular Engineering Plus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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2
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Sun Y, Larin A, Mozharov A, Ageev E, Pashina O, Komissarenko F, Mukhin I, Petrov M, Makarov S, Belov P, Zuev D. All-optical generation of static electric field in a single metal-semiconductor nanoantenna. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:237. [PMID: 37723158 PMCID: PMC10507031 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Electric field is a powerful instrument in nanoscale engineering, providing wide functionalities for control in various optical and solid-state nanodevices. The development of a single optically resonant nanostructure operating with a charge-induced electrical field is challenging, but it could be extremely useful for novel nanophotonic horizons. Here, we show a resonant metal-semiconductor nanostructure with a static electric field created at the interface between its components by charge carriers generated via femtosecond laser irradiation. We study this field experimentally, probing it by second-harmonic generation signal, which, in our system, is time-dependent and has a non-quadratic signal/excitation power dependence. The developed numerical models reveal the influence of the optically induced static electric field on the second harmonic generation signal. We also show how metal work function and silicon surface defect density for different charge carrier concentrations affect the formation of this field. We estimate the value of optically-generated static electric field in this nanoantenna to achieve ≈108V/m. These findings pave the way for the creation of nanoantenna-based optical memory, programmable logic and neuromorphic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Sun
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Artem Larin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Alexey Mozharov
- Center for Nanotechnologies, Alferov University, Khlopina 8/3, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russia
- Higher School of Engineering Physics, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politekhnicheskaya 29, Saint Petersburg, 195251, Russia
| | - Eduard Ageev
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Olesia Pashina
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Filipp Komissarenko
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Ivan Mukhin
- Center for Nanotechnologies, Alferov University, Khlopina 8/3, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russia
- Higher School of Engineering Physics, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politekhnicheskaya 29, Saint Petersburg, 195251, Russia
| | - Mihail Petrov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Sergey Makarov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Pavel Belov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Dmitry Zuev
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia.
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Du GW, Xiong YA, Pan Q, Feng ZJ, Cao XX, Yao J, Gu ZX, Lu J, You YM. Revealing the Polarizations of Molecular Ferroelectrics via SHG Polarimetry at the Nanoscale. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7419-7426. [PMID: 37539988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Multifarious molecular ferroelectrics with multipolar axial characteristics have emerged in recent years, enriching the scenarios for energy harvesting, sensing, and information processing. The increased polar axes have enhanced the urgency of distinguishing different polarization states in material design, mechanism exploration, etc. However, conventional methods hardly meet the requirements of in situ, fast, microscale, contactless, and nondestructive features due to their inherent limitations. Herein, SHG polarimetry is introduced to probe the multioriented polarizations on a nanosized multiaxial molecular ferroelectric, i.e., TMCM-CdCl3 nanoplates, as an example. Combined with the analysis of the second-order susceptibility tensor, SHG polarimetry could serve as an effective method to detect the polarization orders and domain distributions of molecular ferroelectrics. Profiting from the full-optical feature, SHG polarimetry can even be performed on samples covered by transparent mediums, 2D materials, or thin metal electrodes. Our research might spark further fundamental studies and expand the application boundaries of next-generation ferroelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wei Du
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-An Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jie Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xing Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Xiao Gu
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Lu
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Meng You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
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4
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Li X, Liu W, Gao Y, Qin Y, Long H, Wang K, Wang B, Lu P. Two-photon-pumped amplified spontaneous emission from Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite flakes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:21094-21102. [PMID: 36224838 DOI: 10.1364/oe.455104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the two-photon pumped amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in the 2D RPPs flakes at room temperature. We prepared high-quality (BA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) flakes by mechanical exfoliating from the fabricated crystals. We show that the (BA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 flakes display a tunable two-photon pumped emission from 527 nm to 680 nm, as n increases from 1 to 5. Furthermore, we demonstrated two-photon pumped ASE from the (BA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 (n = 3, 4, 5) flakes. The two-photon pumped ASE thresholds of the RPPs are lower than lots of the other semiconductor nanostructures, indicating an excellent performance of the RPPs for two-photon pumped emission. In addition, we investigated the pump-wavelength-dependent two-photon pumped ASE behaviors of the RPPs flakes, which suggest that the near-infrared laser in a wide wavelength range can be converted into visible light by the frequency upconversion process in RPPs. This work has opened new avenues for realizing nonlinearly pumped ASE based on the RPPs, which shows great potential for the applications in wavelength-tunable frequency upconversion.
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5
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Shi J, He X, Chen W, Li Y, Kang M, Cai Y, Xu H. Remote Dual-Cavity Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation in a Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:688-694. [PMID: 35025516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
On-chip nanoscale optical platforms capable of efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) are highly desired for optical sensing, subwavelength coherent sources, and quantum photonic devices. Here, we develop a remotely excited dual cavity resonance scheme to achieve significantly enhanced SHG in a CdSe nanobelt on Au film hybrid waveguide system. The SHG emission with superior efficiency originates from counter-propagating plasmonic modes interference in a horizontal Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity enabled by remote excitation of propagating surface plasmons, which is further enhanced through a vertical FP cavity. With this effective cooperation of hybrid plasmon modes and FP cavity modes, 2 orders of magnitude enhancement of the conversion efficiency (3.5 × 10-4 W-1) is achieved compared to the off-resonance case. Our design provides new insight into the development of a multifunctional hybrid plasmonic device toward on-chip nonlinear nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Shi
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaobo He
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Meng Kang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yangjian Cai
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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6
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Luo Z, Ma C, Lin Y, Jiang Q, Liu B, Yang X, Yi X, Qu J, Zhu X, Wang X, Zhou J, Wang X, Chen WM, Buyanova IA, Chen S, Pan A. An Efficient Deep-Subwavelength Second Harmonic Nanoantenna Based on Surface Plasmon-Coupled Dilute Nitride GaNP Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3426-3434. [PMID: 33872022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c05115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-index semiconductor nanoantennae represent a powerful platform for nonlinear photon generation. Devices with reduced footprints are pivotal for higher integration capacity and energy efficiency in photonic integrated circuitry (PIC). Here, we report on a deep subwavelength nonlinear antenna based on dilute nitride GaNP nanowires (NWs), whose second harmonic generation (SHG) shows a 5-fold increase by incorporating ∼0.45% of nitrogen (N), in comparison with GaP counterpart. Further integrating with a gold (Au) thin film-based hybrid cavity achieves a significantly boosted SHG output by a factor of ∼380, with a nonlinear conversion efficiency up to 9.4 × 10-6 W-1. In addition, high-density zinc blende (ZB) twin phases were found to tailor the nonlinear radiation profile via dipolar interference, resulting in a highly symmetric polarimetric pattern well-suited for coupling with polarization nano-optics. Our results manifest dilute nitride nanoantenna as promising building blocks for future chip-based nonlinear photonic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Lin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Binjie Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yi
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyu Qu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin M Chen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Irina A Buyanova
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Shula Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
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7
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Boroviks S, Yezekyan T, Rodríguez Echarri Á, García de Abajo FJ, Cox JD, Bozhevolnyi SI, Mortensen NA, Wolff C. Anisotropic second-harmonic generation from monocrystalline gold flakes. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:833-836. [PMID: 33577523 DOI: 10.1364/ol.413003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Noble metals with well-defined crystallographic orientation constitute an appealing class of materials for controlling light-matter interactions on the nanoscale. Nonlinear optical processes, being particularly sensitive to anisotropy, are a natural and versatile probe of crystallinity in nano-optical devices. Here we study the nonlinear optical response of monocrystalline gold flakes, revealing a polarization dependence in second-harmonic generation from the {111} surface that is markedly absent in polycrystalline films. Our findings confirm that second-harmonic microscopy is a robust and non-destructive method for probing the crystallographic orientation of gold, and can serve as a guideline for enhancing nonlinear response in plasmonic systems.
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8
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Vianna PG, Almeida ADS, Gerosa RM, Bahamon DA, de Matos CJS. Second-harmonic generation enhancement in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides by using an epsilon-near-zero substrate. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:272-278. [PMID: 36131879 PMCID: PMC9416855 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00779j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) present high second-order optical nonlinearity, which is extremely desirable for, e.g., frequency conversion in nonlinear photonic devices. On the other hand, the atomic thickness of 2D materials naturally leads to low frequency converted intensities, highlighting the importance of designing structures that enhance the nonlinear response for practical applications. A number of methods to increase the pump electric field at 2D materials have been reported, relying on complex plasmonic and/or metasurface structures. Here, we take advantage of the fact that unstructured substrates with a low refractive index naturally maximize the pump field at a dielectric interface, offering a simple means to promote enhanced nonlinear optical effects. In particular, we measured second harmonic generation (SHG) in MoS2 and WS2 on fluorine tin oxide (FTO), which presents an epsilon-near zero point near our 1550 nm pump wavelength. Polarized SHG measurements reveal an SHG intensity that is one order of magnitude higher on FTO than on a glass substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar G Vianna
- MackGraphe - Graphene and Nanomaterials Research Institute, Mackenzie Presbyterian University São Paulo - 01302-907 Brazil
| | - Aline Dos S Almeida
- MackGraphe - Graphene and Nanomaterials Research Institute, Mackenzie Presbyterian University São Paulo - 01302-907 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Gerosa
- MackGraphe - Graphene and Nanomaterials Research Institute, Mackenzie Presbyterian University São Paulo - 01302-907 Brazil
| | - Dario A Bahamon
- MackGraphe - Graphene and Nanomaterials Research Institute, Mackenzie Presbyterian University São Paulo - 01302-907 Brazil
| | - Christiano J S de Matos
- MackGraphe - Graphene and Nanomaterials Research Institute, Mackenzie Presbyterian University São Paulo - 01302-907 Brazil
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9
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Hong X, Hu G, Zhao W, Wang K, Sun S, Zhu R, Wu J, Liu W, Loh KP, Wee ATS, Wang B, Alù A, Qiu CW, Lu P. Structuring Nonlinear Wavefront Emitted from Monolayer Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:9085782. [PMID: 32328579 PMCID: PMC7163797 DOI: 10.34133/2020/9085782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for tailored nonlinearity calls for a structure with unusual phase discontinuity that allows the realization of nonlinear optical chirality, holographic imaging, and nonlinear wavefront control. Transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers offer giant optical nonlinearity within a few-angstrom thickness, but limitations in optical absorption and domain size impose restriction on wavefront control of nonlinear emissions using classical light sources. In contrast, noble metal-based plasmonic nanosieves support giant field enhancements and precise nonlinear phase control, with hundred-nanometer pixel-level resolution; however, they suffer from intrinsically weak nonlinear susceptibility. Here, we report a multifunctional nonlinear interface by integrating TMDC monolayers with plasmonic nanosieves, yielding drastically different nonlinear functionalities that cannot be accessed by either constituent. Such a hybrid nonlinear interface allows second-harmonic (SH) orbital angular momentum (OAM) generation, beam steering, versatile polarization control, and holograms, with an effective SH nonlinearity χ (2) of ~25 nm/V. This designer platform synergizes the TMDC monolayer and plasmonic nanosieves to empower tunable geometric phases and large field enhancement, paving the way toward multifunctional and ultracompact nonlinear optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanmiao Hong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583
- Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shang Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 17543
| | - Andrew Thye Shen Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Block S14, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546
| | - Bing Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Andrea Alù
- Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583
| | - Peixiang Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
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10
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Influences of Ga Doping on Crystal Structure and Polarimetric Pattern of SHG in ZnO Nanofilms. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9060905. [PMID: 31234399 PMCID: PMC6630969 DOI: 10.3390/nano9060905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The second-harmonic generation (SHG) in gallium doped ZnO (GZO) nanofilms was studied. The Ga doping in GZO nanofilms influenced the crystal structure of the films, which affected SHG characteristics of the nanofilms. In our experiments, a strong SHG response was obtained in GZO nanofilms, which was excited by 790 nm femtosecond laser. It was observed that the Ga doping concentrations affected, not only the intensity, but also the polarimetric pattern of SHG in GZO nanofilms. For 5.0% doped GZO films, the SHG intensity increased about 70%. The intensity ratio of SHG between the incident light polarization angle of 90° and 0°changed with the Ga doping concentrations. It showed the most significant increase for 7.3% doped GZO films, with an increased ratio of c/a crystal constants. This result was attributed to the differences of the ratios of d33/d31 (the second-order nonlinear susceptibility components) induced by the crystal distortion. The results are helpful to investigate nanofilms doping levels and crystal distortion by SHG microscopy, which is a non-destructive and sensitive method.
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11
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Shi J, Li Y, Kang M, He X, Halas NJ, Nordlander P, Zhang S, Xu H. Efficient Second Harmonic Generation in a Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide by Mode Interactions. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3838-3845. [PMID: 31125243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Developing highly efficient nanoscale coherent light sources is essential for advances in technological applications such as integrated photonic circuits, bioimaging, and sensing. An on-chip wavelength convertor based on second harmonic generation (SHG) would be a crucial step toward this goal, but the light-conversion efficiency would be low for small device dimensions. Here we demonstrate strongly enhanced SHG with a high conversion efficiency of 4 × 10-5 W-1 from a hybrid plasmonic waveguide consisting of a CdSe nanowire coupled with a Au film. The strong spatial overlap of the waveguide mode with the nonlinear material and momentum conservation between the incident and reflected modes are the key factors resulting in such high efficiency. The SHG emission angles vary linearly with excitation wavelength, indicating a nonlinear steering of coherent light emission at the subwavelength scale. Our work is promising for the realization of efficient and tunable nonlinear coherent sources and opens new approaches for efficient integrated nonlinear nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Shi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Meng Kang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Xiaobo He
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Naomi J Halas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Laboratory for Nanophotonics , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Laboratory for Nanophotonics , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Shunping Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
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12
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Camacho-Morales R, Bautista G, Zang X, Xu L, Turquet L, Miroshnichenko A, Tan HH, Lamprianidis A, Rahmani M, Jagadish C, Neshev DN, Kauranen M. Resonant harmonic generation in AlGaAs nanoantennas probed by cylindrical vector beams. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:1745-1753. [PMID: 30623948 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08034h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate second- and third-harmonic generation from individual AlGaAs nanoantennas using far-field mapping with radially- and azimuthally-polarized cylindrical vector beams. Due to the unique polarization structure of these beams, we are able to determine the crystal orientation of the nanoantenna in a single scanning map. Our method thus provides a novel and versatile optical tool to study the crystal properties of semiconductor nanoantennas. We also demonstrate the influence of cylindrical vector beam excitation on the resonant enhancement of second- and third-harmonic generation driven by electric and magnetic anapole-like modes, despite falling in the strong absorption regime of AlGaAs. In particular, we observe a greater nonlinear conversion efficiency from a single nanoantenna excited with a radially-polarized beam as compared to an azimuthally polarized cylindrical vector beam. The fundamental field of the radially-polarized beam strongly couples to the multipoles increasing the near-field enhancement of the nanoantenna. Our work introduces new ways to study individual nanostructures and to tailor the efficiencies of nonlinear phenomena at the nanoscale using non-conventional optical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Camacho-Morales
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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13
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Hybrid Three-Dimensional Spiral WSe 2 Plasmonic Structures for Highly Efficient Second-Order Nonlinear Parametric Processes. RESEARCH 2018; 2018:4164029. [PMID: 31549029 PMCID: PMC6750081 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4164029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, with large second-order nonlinear susceptibility, are currently growing as an ideal candidate for fulfilling tunable nanoscale coherent light through the second-order nonlinear optical parametric processes. However, the atomic thickness of 2D layered materials leads to poor field confinement and weak light-matter interaction at nanoscale, resulting in low nonlinear conversion efficiency. Here, hybrid three-dimensional (3D) spiral WSe2 plasmonic structures are fabricated for highly efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) based on the enhanced light-matter interaction in hybrid plasmonic structures. The 3D spiral WSe2, with AA lattice stacking, exhibits efficient SH radiation due to the constructive interference of nonlinear polarization between the neighboring atomic layers. Thus, extremely high external SHG conversion efficiency (about 2.437×10−5) is achieved. Moreover, the ease of phase-matching condition combined with the enhanced light-matter interaction in hybrid plasmonic structure brings about efficient SHG and SFG simultaneously. These results would provide enlightenment for the construction of typical structures for efficient nonlinear processes.
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14
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Chen J, Wang K, Long H, Han X, Hu H, Liu W, Wang B, Lu P. Tungsten Disulfide-Gold Nanohole Hybrid Metasurfaces for Nonlinear Metalenses in the Visible Region. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1344-1350. [PMID: 29370525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, nonlinear hybrid metasurface comes into an attractive new concept in the research of nanophotonics and nanotechnology. It is composed of semiconductors with an intrinsically large nonlinear susceptibility and traditional plasmonic metasurfaces, offering opportunities for efficiently generating and manipulating nonlinear optical responses. A high second-harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiency has been demonstrated in the mid-infrared region by using multiquantum-well (MQW)-based plasmonic metasurfaces. However, it has yet to be demonstrated in the visible region. Here, we present a new type of nonlinear hybrid metasurfaces for the visible region, which consists of a single layer of tungsten disulfide (WS2) and a phased gold nanohole array. The results indicate that a large SHG susceptibility of ∼10-1 nm/V at 810 nm is achieved, which is 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than that of typical plasmonic metasurfaces. Nonlinear metalenses with the focal lengths of 30, 50, and 100 μm are demonstrated experimentally, providing a direct evidence for both generating and manipulating SH signals based on the nonlinear hybrid metasurfaces. It shows great potential applications in designing of integrated, ultrathin, compacted, and efficient nonlinear optical devices, such as frequency converters, nonlinear holography, and the generation of nonlinear optical vortex beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hua Long
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaobo Han
- Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peixiang Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
- Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430205, China
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15
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Wei YM, Yu Y, Wang J, Liu L, Ni HQ, Niu ZC, Li JT, Wang XH, Yu SY. Structural discontinuity induced surface second harmonic generation in single, thin zinc-blende GaAs nanowires. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:16066-16072. [PMID: 29034398 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04627h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate optical second harmonic generation (SHG) from individual self-catalyzed zinc-blende (ZB) GaAs nanowires (NWs), where the polarimetry strongly depends on the NW diameter. We report a direct observation on the SHG induced by surface nonlinear susceptibilities in a single, ultra-thin GaAs NW. By considering the contributions from both optical field and structural discontinuities in our theoretical model, we can well explain the optical SHG polarimetry from NWs with different diameters. We also show that the optical in-coupling coefficient arising from the depolarization electromagnetic field can determine the polarization of the SHG. The results open perspectives for further geometry-based studies on the origin and control of SHG in small nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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16
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Yu Y, Wang J, Wei YM, Zhou ZK, Ni HQ, Niu ZC, Wang XH, Yu SY. Precise characterization of self-catalyzed III-V nanowire heterostructures via optical second harmonic generation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:395701. [PMID: 28682302 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa7e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the utility of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) polarimetry to perform structural characterization of self-assembled zinc-blende/wurtzite III-V nanowire heterostructures. By analyzing four anisotropic SHG polarimetric patterns, we distinguish between wurtzite (WZ), zinc-blende (ZB) and ZB/WZ mixing III-V semiconducting crystal structures in nanowire systems. By neglecting the surface contributions and treating the bulk crystal within the quasi-static approximation, we can well explain the optical SHG polarimetry from the NWs with diameter from 200-600 nm. We show that the optical in-coupling and out-coupling coefficients arising from depolarization field can determine the polarization of the SHG. We also demonstrate micro-photoluminescence of GaAs quantum dots in related ZB and ZB/WZ mixing sections of core-shell NW structure, in agreement with the SHG polarimetry results. The ability to perform in situ SHG-based crystallographic study of semiconducting single and multi-crystalline nanowire heterostructures will be useful in displaying structure-property relationships of nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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17
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High-efficiency broadband second harmonic generation in single hexagonal GaAs nanowire. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2166. [PMID: 28526826 PMCID: PMC5438389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02199-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate second harmonic generation in a single hexagonal GaAs nanowire. An excellent frequency converter based on this nanowire excited using a femtosecond laser is demonstrated to operate over a range from 730 nm to 1960 nm, which is wider than previously reported ranges for nanowires in the literature. The converter always operates with a high conversion efficiency of ~10-5 W-1 which is ~103 times higher than that obtained from the surface of bulk GaAs. This nanoscale nolinear optical converter that simultaneously owns high efficiency and broad bandwidth may open a new way for application in imaging, bio-sensing and on-chip all-optical signal processing operations.
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18
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Chen J, Wang K, Long H, Hu H, Han X, Wang B, Lu P. Quantitatively extracting the contribution of asymmetric local-field to χ (2) in cross-shaped Ag nanoholes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:1296-1307. [PMID: 28158013 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.001296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We systematically study the contribution of local-field distribution to second-harmonic generation (SHG) in cross-shaped Ag nanohole arrays, which is usually covered by resonance enhancement effect. By increasing one arm-length of the centrosymmetric cross-shaped Ag nanohole, the local-field distribution varies from centrosymmetric to non-centrosymmetric, while the localized surface plasmon resonance peak is red-shifted to the wavelength of the pumping laser accordingly. Both experimental and stimulated results indicate that the contribution of the asymmetric local-field distribution to SHG is quantitatively separated from a strong resonance enhancement effect. It shows that the pure effective second-order nonlinear susceptibility increases as the asymmetric degree of local-field distribution increases, and the largest effective second-order nonlinear susceptibility is ~2.5 times to that in a centrosymmetric local-field distribution. Our results provide evidence for optimizing the design of nonlinear plasmonic nanoantennas and metasurfaces.
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19
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Timofeeva M, Bouravleuv A, Cirlin G, Shtrom I, Soshnikov I, Reig Escalé M, Sergeyev A, Grange R. Polar Second-Harmonic Imaging to Resolve Pure and Mixed Crystal Phases along GaAs Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6290-6297. [PMID: 27657488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report an optical method for characterizing crystal phases along single-semiconductor III-V nanowires based on the measurement of polarization-dependent second-harmonic generation. This powerful imaging method is based on a per-pixel analysis of the second-harmonic-generated signal on the incoming excitation polarization. The dependence of the second-harmonic generation responses on the nonlinear second-order susceptibility tensor allows the distinguishing of areas of pure wurtzite, zinc blende, and mixed and rotational twins crystal structures in individual nanowires. With a far-field nonlinear optical microscope, we recorded the second-harmonic generation in GaAs nanowires and precisely determined their various crystal structures by analyzing the polar response for each pixel of the images. The predicted crystal phases in GaAs nanowire are confirmed with scanning transmission electron and high-resolution transmission electron measurements. The developed method of analyzing the nonlinear polar response of each pixel can be used for an investigation of nanowire crystal structure that is quick, sensitive to structural transitions, nondestructive, and on-the-spot. It can be applied for the crystal phase characterization of nanowires built into optoelectronic devices in which electron microscopy cannot be performed (for example, in lab-on-a-chip devices). Moreover, this method is not limited to GaAs nanowires but can be used for other nonlinear optical nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Timofeeva
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich , Auguste-Piccard Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- ITMO University , Kronverkskiy 49, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexei Bouravleuv
- St. Petersburg Academic University , Khlopina 8/3, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Ioffe Institute , Politekhnicheskaya 29, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - George Cirlin
- St. Petersburg Academic University , Khlopina 8/3, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- ITMO University , Kronverkskiy 49, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Ioffe Institute , Politekhnicheskaya 29, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor Shtrom
- St. Petersburg Academic University , Khlopina 8/3, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Ioffe Institute , Politekhnicheskaya 29, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya Soshnikov
- St. Petersburg Academic University , Khlopina 8/3, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Ioffe Institute , Politekhnicheskaya 29, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marc Reig Escalé
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich , Auguste-Piccard Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sergeyev
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich , Auguste-Piccard Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Grange
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich , Auguste-Piccard Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Ren ML, Agarwal R, Nukala P, Liu W, Agarwal R. Nanotwin Detection and Domain Polarity Determination via Optical Second Harmonic Generation Polarimetry. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4404-4409. [PMID: 27351823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that optical second harmonic generation (SHG) can be utilized to determine the exact nature of nanotwins in noncentrosymmetric crystals, which is challenging to resolve via conventional transmission electron or scanned probe microscopies. Using single-crystalline nanotwinned CdTe nanobelts and nanowires as a model system, we show that SHG polarimetry can distinguish between upright (Cd-Te bonds) and inverted (Cd-Cd or Te-Te bonds) twin boundaries in the system. Inverted twin boundaries are generally not reported in nanowires due to the lack of techniques and complexity associated with the study of the nature of such defects. Precise characterization of the nature of defects in nanocrystals is required for deeper understanding of their growth and physical properties to enable their application in future devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Liang Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rahul Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Pavan Nukala
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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21
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Liu W, Wang B, Ke S, Qin C, Long H, Wang K, Lu P. Enhanced plasmonic nanofocusing of terahertz waves in tapered graphene multilayers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:14765-14780. [PMID: 27410629 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.014765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the plasmonic nanofocusing of terahertz waves in tapered graphene multilayers separated by dielectrics. The nanofocusing effect is significantly enhanced in the graphene multilayer taper compared with that in a single layer graphene taper due to interlayer coupling between surface plasmon polaritons. The results are optimized by choosing an appropriate layer number of graphene and the field amplitude has been enhanced by 620 folds at λ = 50 μm. Additionally, the structure can slow light to a group velocity ~1/2815 of the light speed in vacuum. Our study provides a unique approach to compress terahertz waves into deep subwavelength scale and may find great applications in terahertz nanodevices for imaging, detecting and spectroscopy.
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22
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Kontenis L, Samim M, Karunendiran A, Krouglov S, Stewart B, Barzda V. Second harmonic generation double stokes Mueller polarimetric microscopy of myofilaments. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:559-69. [PMID: 26977362 PMCID: PMC4771471 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The experimental implementation of double Stokes Mueller polarimetric microscopy is presented. This technique enables a model-independent and complete polarimetric characterization of second harmonic generating samples using 36 Stokes parameter measurements at different combinations of incoming and outgoing polarizations. The degree of second harmonic polarization and the molecular nonlinear susceptibility ratio are extracted for individual focal volumes of a fruit fly larva wall muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kontenis
- Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7,
Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6,
Canada
| | - Masood Samim
- Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7,
Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6,
Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M3,
Canada
| | - Abiramy Karunendiran
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6,
Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5,
Canada
| | - Serguei Krouglov
- Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7,
Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6,
Canada
| | - Bryan Stewart
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6,
Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5,
Canada
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7,
Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6,
Canada
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23
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Wang Z, Wang B, Long H, Wang K, Lu P. Plasmonic lattice solitons in nonlinear graphene sheet arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:32679-32689. [PMID: 26699057 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.032679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the plasmonic lattice solitons (PLSs) in nonlinear graphene sheet arrays (GSAs) composed of spatially separated graphene sheets embedded in dielectric. Both the nonlinearities of graphene and dielectric are considered. The self-focusing PLSs at the Brillouin zone edges can be yielded by balancing the normal diffraction of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) via either the nonlinear effect of graphene or self-focusing dielectric. The self-defocusing PLSs corresponding to anomalous diffraction of SPPs at the Brillouin zone center could be yielded by the nonlinearity of self-defocusing dielectric alone. The width and propagation distance of the PLSs are dependent on the period of the GSAs and the chemical potential of graphene. Thanks to the strong confinement of SPPs, the PLSs in GSAs can be squeezed into an effective width as small as λ/250. The study may find applications in optical circuits and switches on deep-subwavelength scale.
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24
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Wang F, Qin C, Wang B, Ke S, Long H, Wang K, Lu P. Rabi oscillations of surface plasmon polaritons in graphene-pair arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:31136-31143. [PMID: 26698742 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.031136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the Bloch mode conversion of surface plasmon polaritons in a periodic array of graphene pairs with each consisting of two separated parallel graphene sheets. The employment of graphene pair as a unit cell in the array yields two Bloch modes belonging to different bands. By periodically modulating the permittivity of dielectrics between graphene along the propagation direction, the interband transitions occur and the modes will alternatively couple to each other, similar to traditional Rabi oscillations in quantum systems. The indirect Rabi oscillations can also be observed through introducing transverse modulation momentum. The period of Rabi oscillations can be optimized by taking advantage of the flexible tunability of graphene. The study suggests that the structure have applications in optical switches and mode converters operating on deep-subwavelength scale.
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25
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Ren ML, Agarwal R, Liu W, Agarwal R. Crystallographic Characterization of II-VI Semiconducting Nanostructures via Optical Second Harmonic Generation. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:7341-6. [PMID: 26421441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the utility of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) polarimetry to perform structural characterization of noncentrosymmetric, single-crystalline II-VI semiconducting nanowires, nanobelts, and nanoflakes. By analyzing anisotropic SHG polarimetric patterns, we distinguish between wurtzite and zincblende II-VI semiconducting crystal structures and determine their growth orientation. The crystallography of these nanostructures was then confirmed via transmission electron microscopy measurements performed on the same system. In addition, we show that some intrinsic material properties such as nonlinear coefficients and geometry-dependent optical in-coupling coefficients can also be determined from the SHG experiments in WZ nanobelts. The ability to perform SHG-based structural characterization and crystallographic study of II-VI semiconducting single-crystalline nanomaterials will be useful to correlate structure-property relationships of nanodevices on which transmission electron microscopy measurements cannot be typically performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Liang Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rahul Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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26
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Ramírez HY, Flórez J, Camacho ÁS. Efficient control of coulomb enhanced second harmonic generation from excitonic transitions in quantum dot ensembles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:23938-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03349g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The tunability and modulation of the second harmonic generation susceptibility, promising for the manipulation of nonlinear properties of nanostructured materials, are predicted in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanz Y. Ramírez
- Grupo de Física Teórica y Computacional
- Escuela de Física
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC)
- Tunja 150003
- Colombia
| | - Jefferson Flórez
- Laboratorio de Óptica Cuántica
- Universidad de los Andes
- Bogotá
- Colombia
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