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Fan J, Kuo YC, Yin T, Guan P, Meng L, Chen F, Feng Z, Liu C, Wan T, Han Z, Hu L, Peng S, Wu T, Chu D. One-Step Synthesis of Graphene-Covered Silver Nanowires with Enhanced Stability for Heating and Strain Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:39600-39612. [PMID: 39041667 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Solution-processed silver nanowire (AgNW) networks have been considered as promising electrode candidates for next-generation electronic devices. However, they suffer from poor thermal and electrical stability and low mechanical properties, hindering their practical applications. In this work, graphene nanosheets are successfully introduced into AgNW via a facile one-step solvothermal process. Benefiting from increased conductive paths, the resultant AgNW/graphene films exhibit high electrical conductivity. More importantly, the interlocking NW morphology can be maintained under high temperature and applied voltage due to suppressed Ag migration, which is enabled by the introduction of graphene. This feature leads to enhanced thermal and electrical stability, making them suitable for use as transparent heaters. Furthermore, the composite films present excellent mechanical performance, and negligible resistance change is observed after 10 000 repeated bending cycles. To demonstrate their feasibility toward sensor applications, sandwiched strain sensors are designed, which can endure larger tensile strains and show higher sensitivity and repeatability compared with pure AgNW-based device. Furthermore, various hand gestures can be easily recognized by the resultant sensors based on unique combinations of sensing response. This work not only provides a low-cost method to realize large-scale synthesis of AgNW/graphene composites but also offers guidance to prepare high-performance electrodes for advanced electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yu-Chieh Kuo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Tao Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Peiyuan Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Linghui Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Fandi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Ziheng Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Tao Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Zhaojun Han
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, 36 Bradfield Road, Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Long Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Shuhua Peng
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Tom Wu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 310028, China
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Gong S, Lu Y, Yin J, Levin A, Cheng W. Materials-Driven Soft Wearable Bioelectronics for Connected Healthcare. Chem Rev 2024; 124:455-553. [PMID: 38174868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In the era of Internet-of-things, many things can stay connected; however, biological systems, including those necessary for human health, remain unable to stay connected to the global Internet due to the lack of soft conformal biosensors. The fundamental challenge lies in the fact that electronics and biology are distinct and incompatible, as they are based on different materials via different functioning principles. In particular, the human body is soft and curvilinear, yet electronics are typically rigid and planar. Recent advances in materials and materials design have generated tremendous opportunities to design soft wearable bioelectronics, which may bridge the gap, enabling the ultimate dream of connected healthcare for anyone, anytime, and anywhere. We begin with a review of the historical development of healthcare, indicating the significant trend of connected healthcare. This is followed by the focal point of discussion about new materials and materials design, particularly low-dimensional nanomaterials. We summarize material types and their attributes for designing soft bioelectronic sensors; we also cover their synthesis and fabrication methods, including top-down, bottom-up, and their combined approaches. Next, we discuss the wearable energy challenges and progress made to date. In addition to front-end wearable devices, we also describe back-end machine learning algorithms, artificial intelligence, telecommunication, and software. Afterward, we describe the integration of soft wearable bioelectronic systems which have been applied in various testbeds in real-world settings, including laboratories that are preclinical and clinical environments. Finally, we narrate the remaining challenges and opportunities in conjunction with our perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Gong
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jialiang Yin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Arie Levin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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3
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Chen Q, Huang L, Wang X, Yuan Y. Transparent and Flexible Composite Films with Excellent Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Thermal Insulating Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24901-24912. [PMID: 37171214 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
As the working environment becomes more complex, the visualization of windows in electronic devices increasingly requires transparent and flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding films. There is a need for materials with EMI shielding properties, while maintaining excellent high light transmission and good thermal insulation. However, the preparation of such multifunctional materials remains challenging due to the respective mechanisms of action of the different properties. Herein, a multilayer structure strategy is proposed to fabricate transparent and flexible indium tin oxide (ITO)/silver nanowire (AgNW) composite films, achieving a multifunctional integration of high light transmission, strong EMI shielding, and good thermal insulation properties of the composite films. Simultaneously, the layered structure was designed and the potential optimization mechanism of the EMI shielding performance of the composite film was analyzed, providing great flexibility for the preparation of transparent composite films. The combination of excellent EMI shielding performance, outstanding near-infrared shielding performance, and high light transmittance makes the ITO/AgNW (IA) composite films promising for abundant potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiguo Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xihua Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Tianmushan Laboratory, Xixi Octagon City, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 310023, China
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Grazioli D, Dadduzio AC, Roso M, Simone A. Quantitative electrical homogeneity assessment of nanowire transparent electrodes. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6770-6784. [PMID: 36946426 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06564a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The homogeneous distribution of electric current (electrical homogeneity) is not guaranteed in nanowire electrodes but is crucial for the stability of the electrode and actually desirable in most applications. Despite the relevance of this feature, it is common practice to perform qualitative assessments at the electrode scale, thus masking local effects. To address this issue, we have developed a computational strategy to aid in the design of nanowire electrodes with improved electrical homogeneity. Nanowire electrodes are modeled as two-dimensional networks of stick and junction resistors (with resistance Rw and Rj, respectively) to simulate the electric conduction process. Electrodes are discretized into regular grids of squares and the electrical power of the network contained in each square is computed. The mismatch between the areal power density of the entire electrode and that of the squares provides a quantitative electrical homogeneity evaluation. Repeating the analysis with squares of different size yields an evaluation that spans across length scales. A scalar indicator, coined the homogeneity index, summarizes the results of the multiscale evaluation. The proposed strategy is employed to assess the electrical homogeneity of silver nanowire electrodes through the analysis of scanning electron microscopy images. Our results agree with the outcomes of the experimental assessment performed on the same electrodes. Parametric studies are performed by varying nanowire content and nanowire-to-junction resistance ratio Rw/Rj. We observe that a significant reduction of contact resistance is not necessary to ensure a high degree of homogeneity. The ideal condition of negligible junction resistance (Rw ≫ Rj) leads to the best-case scenario, a situation which is closely approached if Rw ≈ Rj (15% difference at the most in terms of homogeneity index).
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Grazioli
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
| | - Alberto C Dadduzio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
| | - Martina Roso
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
| | - Angelo Simone
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
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Fabrication and Conductive Mechanism Analysis of Stretchable Electrodes Based on PDMS-Ag Nanosheet Composite with Low Resistance, Stability, and Durability. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152628. [PMID: 35957060 PMCID: PMC9370586 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A flexible and stretchable electrode based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-Ag nanosheet composite with low resistance and stable properties has been investigated. Under the synergistic effect of the excellent flexibility and stretchability of PDMS and the excellent electrical conductivity of Ag nanosheets, the electrode possesses a resistivity as low as 4.28 Ωm, a low resistance variation in the 0–50% strain range, a stable electrical conductivity over 1000 cycles, and a rapid recovery ability after failure caused by destructive large stretching. Moreover, the conductive mechanism of the flexible electrode during stretching is explained by combining experimental tests, theoretical models of contact point-tunneling effect, and finite element simulation. This research provides a simple and effective solution for the structure design and material selection of flexible electrodes, and an analytical method for the conductive mechanism of stretchable electrodes, which has potential for applications in flexible electronic devices, smart sensing, wearable devices, and other fields.
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Electrochemical Redox In-Situ Welding of Silver Nanowire Films with High Transparency and Conductivity. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10070092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks with high transparency and conductivity are crucial to developing transparent conductive films (TCFs) for flexible optoelectronic devices. However, AgNW-based TCFs still suffer from the high contact resistance of AgNW junctions with both the in-plane and out-of-plane charge transport barrier. Herein, we report a rapid and green electrochemical redox strategy to in-situ weld AgNW networks for the enhanced conductivity and mechanical durability of TCFs with constant transparency. The welded TCFs show a marked decrease of the sheet resistance (reduced to 45.5% of initial values on average) with high transmittance of 97.02% at 550 nm (deducting the background of substrates). The electrochemical welding treatment enables the removal of the residual polyvinylpyrrolidone layer and the in-situ formation of Ag solder in the oxidation and reduction processes, respectively. Furthermore, local conductivity studies confirm the improvement of both the in-plane and the out-of-plane charge transport by conductive atomic force microscopy. This proposed electrochemical redox method provides new insights on the welding of AgNW-based TCFs with high transparency and low resistance for the development of next-generation flexible optoelectronic devices. Furthermore, such conductive films based on the interconnected AgNW networks can be acted as an ideal supporter to construct heterogeneous structures with other functional materials for wide applications in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis.
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Zheng Y, Cheng L, Su J, Chen C, Zhu X, Li H. Electron beam-induced athermal nanowelding of crossing SiOx amorphous nanowires. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6018-6024. [PMID: 35424549 PMCID: PMC8981572 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08176d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Athermal welding of crossing SiOx nanowires under e-beam irradiation is in situ observed by TEM. A relevant simulation considering nanocurvature effect and athermal activation effect gives the corresponding 3D structural evolution and the velocity field of atom migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zheng
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
- China–Australia Joint Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
- China–Australia Joint Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangbin Su
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
- China–Australia Joint Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
- Experiment Center of Electronic Science and Technology, School of Microelectronics Science and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuncai Chen
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
- China–Australia Joint Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, College of Civil Engineering, MinNan University of Science and Technology, Shishi 362700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfang Zhu
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
- China–Australia Joint Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Li
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
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8
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Li P, Kang Z, Rao F, Lu Y, Zhang Y. Nanowelding in Whole-Lifetime Bottom-Up Manufacturing: From Assembly to Service. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100654. [PMID: 34927947 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The continuous miniaturization of microelectronics is pushing the transformation of nanomanufacturing modes from top-down to bottom-up. Bottom-up manufacturing is essentially the way of assembling nanostructures from atoms, clusters, quantum dots, etc. The assembly process relies on nanowelding which also existed in the synthesis process of nanostructures, construction and repair of nanonetworks, interconnects, integrated circuits, and nanodevices. First, many kinds of novel nanomaterials and nanostructures from 0D to 1D, and even 2D are synthesized by nanowelding. Second, the connection of nanostructures and interfaces between metal/semiconductor-metal/semiconductor is realized through low-temperature heat-assisted nanowelding, mechanical-assisted nanowelding, or cold welding. Finally, 2D and 3D interconnects, flexible transparent electrodes, integrated circuits, and nanodevices are constructed, functioned, or self-healed by nanowelding. All of the three nanomanufacturing stages follow the rule of "oriented attachment" mechanisms. Thus, the whole-lifetime bottom-up manufacturing process from the synthesis and connection of nanostructures to the construction and service of nanodevices can be organically integrated by nanowelding. The authors hope this review can bring some new perspective in future semiconductor industrialization development in the expansion of multi-material systems, technology pathway for the refined design, controlled synthesis and in situ characterization of complex nanostructures, and the strategies to develop and repair novel nanodevices in service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Kang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Feng Rao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Nanomanufacturing Laboratory (NML), Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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Oh J, Wen L, Tak H, Kim H, Kim G, Hong J, Chang W, Kim D, Yeom G. Radio Frequency Induction Welding of Silver Nanowire Networks for Transparent Heat Films. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4448. [PMID: 34442970 PMCID: PMC8400299 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Transparent heat films (THFs) are attracting increasing attention for their usefulness in various applications, such as vehicle windows, outdoor displays, and biosensors. In this study, the effects of induction power and radio frequency on the welding characteristics of silver nanowires (Ag NWs) and Ag NW-based THFs were investigated. The results showed that higher induction frequency and higher power increased the welding of the Ag NWs through the nano-welding at the junctions of the Ag NWs, which produced lower sheet resistance, and improved the adhesion of the Ag NWs. Using the inductive welding condition of 800 kHz and 6 kW for 60 s, 100 ohm/sq of Ag NW thin film with 95% transmittance at 550 nm after induction heating could be decreased to 56.13 ohm/sq, without decreasing the optical transmittance. In addition, induction welding of the Ag NW-based THFs improved haziness, increased bending resistance, enabled higher operating temperature at a given voltage, and improved stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Oh
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.O.); (L.W.); (H.T.); (H.K.); (G.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Long Wen
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.O.); (L.W.); (H.T.); (H.K.); (G.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Hyunwoo Tak
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.O.); (L.W.); (H.T.); (H.K.); (G.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Heeju Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.O.); (L.W.); (H.T.); (H.K.); (G.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Gyowun Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.O.); (L.W.); (H.T.); (H.K.); (G.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Jongwoo Hong
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.O.); (L.W.); (H.T.); (H.K.); (G.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Wonjun Chang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.O.); (L.W.); (H.T.); (H.K.); (G.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Dongwoo Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.O.); (L.W.); (H.T.); (H.K.); (G.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Geunyoung Yeom
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.O.); (L.W.); (H.T.); (H.K.); (G.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.); (D.K.)
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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Qiu T, Yang L, Xiang Y, Ye Y, Zou G, Hou H, Ji X. Heterogeneous Interface Design for Enhanced Sodium Storage: Sb Quantum Dots Confined by Functional Carbon. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100188. [PMID: 34927982 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) is considered a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity and moderate working potential. However, the non-negligible volume variation leads to the rapid decay of capacity, which hinders the practical application of Sb anode materials. Here, an economical and scalable route with high yield is proposed to obtain Sb ultrafine nanocrystals embedded in a porous carbon skeleton. Notably, the synergetic effect of the heterogeneous structure is maximized by inducing the interfacial coupling SbOC and creating buffering space for the volume effect of Sb. The high-entropy phase interface creates the doping site breaking the periodicity of atoms and alters the electronic structure, also bridging the slip of intergranular defects. Thus, the electronic conductivity and phase interface structural stability are reinforced. The mechanism of accelerating electron migration at the heterogeneous phase interface is visualized through the density functional theory method, and the mass/charge-transfer kinetics is analyzed via the calculation of surface-induced capacitive contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Qiu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Source, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Yinger Xiang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Source, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yu Ye
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Source, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Guoqiang Zou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Source, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Hongshuai Hou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Source, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaobo Ji
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Source, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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Abstract
Bioelectronics explores the use of electronic devices for applications in signal transduction at their interfaces with biological systems. The miniaturization of the bioelectronic systems has enabled seamless integration at these interfaces and is providing new scientific and technological opportunities. In particular, nanowire-based devices can yield smaller sized and unique geometry detectors that are difficult to access with standard techniques, and thereby can provide advantages in sensitivity with reduced invasiveness. In this review, we focus on nanowire-enabled bioelectronics. First, we provide an overview of synthetic studies for designed growth of semiconductor nanowires of which structure and composition are controlled to enable key elements for bioelectronic devices. Second, we review nanowire field-effect transistor sensors for highly sensitive detection of biomolecules, their applications in diagnosis and drug discovery, and methods for sensitivity enhancement. We then turn to recent progress in nanowire-enabled studies of electrogenic cells, including cardiomyocytes and neurons. Representative advances in electrical recording using nanowire electronic devices for single cell measurements, cell network mapping, and three-dimensional recordings of synthetic and natural tissues, and in vivo brain mapping are highlighted. Finally, we overview the key challenges and opportunities of nanowires for fundamental research and translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Charles M Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Behroudj A, Geiger D, Strehle S. Epitaxial Bottom-up Growth of Silicon Nanowires on Oxidized Silicon by Alloy-Catalyzed Gas-Phase Synthesis. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7895-7900. [PMID: 31622555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-yield epitaxial bottom-up growth of silicon nanowires is still challenging but desirable for various applications such as antireflective coatings, solar cells, and high-aspect-ratio scanning probes. Hence, pristine single-crystalline silicon surfaces are, in principle, required as a growth substrate, but reoxidation occurring prior to nanowire growth obstructs epitaxial growth significantly. Here, we present an approach that relies on Al/Au alloy catalysts for gas-phase silicon nanowire synthesis, allowing intrinsically an in situ removal of a native silicon-oxide layer during the initial growth stages. This approach yields reliable and superior epitaxial growth of silicon nanowires on single-crystalline silicon substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezo Behroudj
- Institute of Electron Devices and Circuits , Ulm University , Albert-Einstein-Allee 45 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Dorin Geiger
- Institute of Electron Microscopy, Group of Materials Science , Ulm University , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Steffen Strehle
- Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies, Microsystems Technology Group , Technische Universität Ilmenau , Max-Planck-Ring 12 , 98693 Ilmenau , Germany
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13
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Harpak N, Davidi G, Schneier D, Menkin S, Mados E, Golodnitsky D, Peled E, Patolsky F. Large-Scale Self-Catalyzed Spongelike Silicon Nano-Network-Based 3D Anodes for High-Capacity Lithium-Ion Batteries. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1944-1954. [PMID: 30742440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on the large-scale one-step preparation, characterization, and application of three-dimensional spongelike silicon alloy composite anodes, based on the catalyst-free growth of porous silicon nanonetworks directly onto highly conductive and flexible open-structure stainless steel current collectors. By the use of a key hydrofluoric-acid-based chemical pretreatment process, the originally noncatalytic stainless steel matrix becomes nanoporous and highly self-catalytic, thus greatly promoting the formation of a silicon spongelike network at unexpectedly low growth temperatures, 380-460 °C. Modulation of this unique chemical pretreatment allows control over the morphology and loading properties of the resulting silicon network. The spongelike silicon network growth is capable of completely filling the openings of the three-dimensional stainless steel substrates, thus allowing full control over the active material loading, while conserving high mechanical and chemical stabilities. Furthermore, extremely high silicon loadings are reached because of the supercatalytic nanoporous nature of the chemically treated stainless steel substrates (0.5-20 mg/cm2). This approach leads to the realization of highly electrically conductive Si-stainless steel composite anodes, due to the formation of silicon-network-to-stainless-steel contact sections composed of highly conductive metal silicide alloys, thus improving the electrical interface and mechanical stability between the silicon active network and the highly conductive metal current collector. More importantly, our one-step cost-effective growth approach allows the large-scale preparation of highly homogeneous ultrathin binder-free anodes, up to 2 m long, using a home-built CVD setup. Finally, we made use of these novel anodes for the assembly of Li-ion batteries exhibiting stable cycle life (cycled for over 500 cycles with <50% capacity loss at 0.1 mA), high gravimetric capacity (>3500 mA h/gSi at 0.1 mA/cm2), low irreversible capacity (<10%), and high Coulombic efficiency (>99.5%). Notably, these Si spongelike composite anodes of novel architecture meet the requirements of lithium batteries for future portable and electric-vehicle applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrod Harpak
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Guy Davidi
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Dan Schneier
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Svetlana Menkin
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Edna Mados
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Diana Golodnitsky
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
- Applied Materials Research Center , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Emanuel Peled
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Fernando Patolsky
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
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14
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Li Q, Chen Z, Zhang X, Peng Y, Ghosh P, Yao G, Luo H, Lv J, Qiu M. Au 80Sn 20-based targeted noncontact nanosoldering with low power consumption. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4989-4992. [PMID: 30320801 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Energy-efficient nanosoldering technology for realizing connections at the nanoscale is a long-sought-after goal for constructing advanced optoelectronic nanodevices. However, the ability to achieve noncontact handling, low power consumption, and targeted nanosoldering remains a challenge. In this work, we demonstrate a method of targeted photothermal-induced nanosoldering of silver nanowires, which uses Au80Sn20 alloy nanowires as the nanosolder and a 532 nm continuous wave laser as the heat source. The required power for fusing the Au80Sn20 solder is reduced by a factor of 55 compared to the previously demonstrated Ag self-nanosolder case. Construction of a few typical nanostructures (including "X"-, "Y"-, and "-"-shaped junctions) is achieved with this method. Besides its low power consumption, it also provides advantages including noncontact and targeted soldering, thereby introducing new avenues for fabricating complex nanostructures and advanced functional nanodevices.
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15
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Meng Y, Lou K, Qi R, Guo Z, Shin B, Liu G, Shan F. Nature-Inspired Capillary-Driven Welding Process for Boosting Metal-Oxide Nanofiber Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:20703-20711. [PMID: 29799183 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, semiconducting nanofiber networks (NFNs) have been considered as one of the most promising platforms for large-area and low-cost electronics applications. However, the high contact resistance among stacking nanofibers remained to be a major challenge, leading to poor device performance and parasitic energy consumption. In this report, a controllable welding technique for NFNs was successfully demonstrated via a bioinspired capillary-driven process. The interfiber connections were well-achieved via a cooperative concept, combining localized capillary condensation and curvature-induced surface diffusion. With the improvements of the interfiber connections, the welded NFNs exhibited enhanced mechanical property and high electrical performance. The field-effect transistors (FETs) based on the welded Hf-doped In2O3 (InHfO) NFNs were demonstrated for the first time. Meanwhile, the mechanisms involved in the grain-boundary modulation for polycrystalline metal-oxide nanofibers were discussed. When the high-k ZrO x dielectric thin films were integrated into the FETs, the field-effect mobility and operating voltage were further improved to be 25 cm2 V-1 s-1 and 3 V, respectively. This is one of the best device performances among the reported nanofibers-based FETs. These results demonstrated the potencies of the capillary-driven welding process and grain-boundary modulation mechanism for metal-oxide NFNs, which could be applicable for high-performance, large-scale, and low-power functional electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Byoungchul Shin
- Electronic Ceramics Center , DongEui University , Busan 614714 , Korea
| | - Guoxia Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Fukai Shan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province , Qingdao 266071 , China
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16
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Garg R, Rastogi SK, Lamparski M, de la Barrera SC, Pace GT, Nuhfer NT, Hunt BM, Meunier V, Cohen-Karni T. Nanowire-Mesh-Templated Growth of Out-of-Plane Three-Dimensional Fuzzy Graphene. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6301-6311. [PMID: 28549215 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, a honeycomb sp2 hybridized carbon lattice, is a promising building block for hybrid-nanomaterials due to its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties. Graphene can be readily obtained through mechanical exfoliation, solution-based deposition of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The resulting graphene films' topology is two-dimensional (2D) surface. Recently, synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) graphitic networks supported or templated by nanoparticles, foams, and hydrogels was reported. However, the resulting graphene films lay flat on the surface, exposing 2D surface topology. Out-of-plane grown carbon nanostructures, such as vertically aligned graphene sheets (VAGS) and vertical carbon nanowalls (CNWs), are still tethered to 2D surface. 3D morphology of out-of-plane growth of graphene hybrid-nanomaterials which leverages graphene's outstanding surface-to-volume ratio has not been achieved to date. Here we demonstrate highly controlled synthesis of 3D out-of-plane single- to few-layer fuzzy graphene (3DFG) on a Si nanowire (SiNW) mesh template. By varying graphene growth conditions (CH4 partial pressure and process time), we control the size, density, and electrical properties of the NW templated 3DFG (NT-3DFG). 3DFG growth can be described by a diffusion-limited-aggregation (DLA) model. The porous NT-3DFG meshes exhibited high electrical conductivity of ca. 2350 S m-1. NT-3DFG demonstrated exceptional electrochemical functionality, with calculated specific electrochemical surface area as high as ca. 1017 m2 g-1 for a ca. 7 μm thick mesh. This flexible synthesis will inspire formation of complex hybrid-nanomaterials with tailored optical and electrical properties to be used in future applications such as sensing, and energy conversion and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Lamparski
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Vincent Meunier
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
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