1
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He C, Liang K, Deng X, Liang X, Zhang J, Yu L. Triple Plexcitonic Nonreciprocity of Magnetochiral Plexcitons. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 39011986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Nonreciprocal quantum devices, allowing different transmission efficiencies of light-matter polaritons along opposite directions, are key technologies for modern photonics, yet their miniaturization and fine manipulation remain an open challenge. Here, we report on magnetochiral plexcitons dressed with geometric-time double asymmetry in compact nonreciprocal hybrid metamaterials, leading to triple plexcitonic nonreciprocity with flexible controllability. A general magnetically dressed plexcitonic Born-Kuhn model is developed to reveal the hybrid optical nature and dynamic energy evolution of magnetochiral plexcitons, demonstrating a plexcitonic nonreciprocal mechanism originating from the strong coupling among photon, electron, and spin degrees of freedom. Moreover, we introduce the temperature-controlled knob/switch for magnetochiral plexcitons, achieving precise magnetochiral control and nonreciprocal transmission in a given system. We expect this mechanism and approach to open up a new route for the integration and fine control of on-chip nonreciprocal quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmao He
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Kun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Xuyan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Xiongyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Jiasen Zhang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
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2
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Timmer D, Gittinger M, Quenzel T, Cadore AR, Rosa BLT, Li W, Soavi G, Lünemann DC, Stephan S, Silies M, Schulz T, Steinhoff A, Jahnke F, Cerullo G, Ferrari AC, De Sio A, Lienau C. Ultrafast Coherent Exciton Couplings and Many-Body Interactions in Monolayer WS 2. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:8117-8125. [PMID: 38901032 PMCID: PMC11229071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are quantum confined systems with interesting optoelectronic properties, governed by Coulomb interactions in the monolayer (1L) limit, where strongly bound excitons provide a sensitive probe for many-body interactions. Here, we use two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) to investigate many-body interactions and their dynamics in 1L-WS2 at room temperature and with sub-10 fs time resolution. Our data reveal coherent interactions between the strongly detuned A and B exciton states in 1L-WS2. Pronounced ultrafast oscillations of the transient optical response of the B exciton are the signature of a coherent 50 meV coupling and coherent population oscillations between the two exciton states. Supported by microscopic semiconductor Bloch equation simulations, these coherent dynamics are rationalized in terms of Dexter-like interactions. Our work sheds light on the role of coherent exciton couplings and many-body interactions in the ultrafast temporal evolution of spin and valley states in TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Timmer
- Institut
für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Gittinger
- Institut
für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Quenzel
- Institut
für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Alisson R. Cadore
- Cambridge
Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FA Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara L. T. Rosa
- Cambridge
Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FA Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wenshan Li
- Cambridge
Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FA Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giancarlo Soavi
- Cambridge
Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FA Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel C. Lünemann
- Institut
für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sven Stephan
- Institut
für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Silies
- Institut
für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Tommy Schulz
- Institute
for Theoretical Physics and Bremen Center for Computational Materials
Science, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinhoff
- Institute
for Theoretical Physics and Bremen Center for Computational Materials
Science, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Frank Jahnke
- Institute
for Theoretical Physics and Bremen Center for Computational Materials
Science, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-CNR, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea C. Ferrari
- Cambridge
Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FA Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Antonietta De Sio
- Institut
für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Center
for Nanoscale Dynamics (CENAD), Carl von
Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institut für Physik, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lienau
- Institut
für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Center
for Nanoscale Dynamics (CENAD), Carl von
Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institut für Physik, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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3
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Bao D, Deng X, Zhang S, Yu-Chun L, Ke S, Liu J, Liu Y, Wang Z, Ham P, Hanna A, Pan J, Hu X, Li Z, Zhou J, Wang C. Emerging probing perspective of two-dimensional materials physics: terahertz emission spectroscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:146. [PMID: 38951490 PMCID: PMC11217405 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy (TES) has emerged as a highly effective and versatile technique for investigating the photoelectric properties of diverse materials and nonlinear physical processes in the past few decades. Concurrently, research on two-dimensional (2D) materials has experienced substantial growth due to their atomically thin structures, exceptional mechanical and optoelectronic properties, and the potential for applications in flexible electronics, sensing, and nanoelectronics. Specifically, these materials offer advantages such as tunable bandgap, high carrier mobility, wideband optical absorption, and relatively short carrier lifetime. By applying TES to investigate the 2D materials, their interfaces and heterostructures, rich information about the interplay among photons, charges, phonons and spins can be unfolded, which provides fundamental understanding for future applications. Thus it is timely to review the nonlinear processes underlying THz emission in 2D materials including optical rectification, photon-drag, high-order harmonic generation and spin-to-charge conversion, showcasing the rich diversity of the TES employed to unravel the complex nature of these materials. Typical applications based on THz emissions, such as THz lasers, ultrafast imaging and biosensors, are also discussed. Step further, we analyzed the unique advantages of spintronic terahertz emitters and the future technological advancements in the development of new THz generation mechanisms leading to advanced THz sources characterized by wide bandwidth, high power and integration, suitable for industrial and commercial applications. The continuous advancement and integration of TES with the study of 2D materials and heterostructures promise to revolutionize research in different areas, including basic materials physics, novel optoelectronic devices, and chips for post-Moore's era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Di Bao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Simian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yu-Chun
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Shengxian Ke
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Zeli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Pingren Ham
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Andrew Hanna
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengcao Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, 100084, Beijing, China.
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4
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Zaier R, Bancerek M, Kluczyk-Korch K, Antosiewicz TJ. Influence of molecular structure on the coupling strength to a plasmonic nanoparticle and hot carrier generation. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12163-12173. [PMID: 38835327 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01198h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Strong coupling between metal nanoparticles and molecules mixes their excitations, creating new eigenstates with modified properties such as altered chemical reactivity, different relaxation pathways or modified phase transitions. Here, we explore excited state plasmon-molecule coupling and discuss how strong coupling together with a changed orientation and number of an asymmetric molecule affects the generation of hot carriers in the system. We used a promising plasmonic material, magnesium, for the nanoparticle and coupled it with CPDT molecules, which are used in organic optoelectronic materials for organic electronic applications due to their facile modification, electron-rich structure, low band gap, high electrical conductivity and good charge transport properties. By employing computational quantum electronic tools we demonstrate the existence of a strong coupling mediated charge transfer plasmon whose direction, magnitude, and spectral position can be tuned. We find that the orientation of CPDT changes the nanoparticle-molecule gap for which maximum charge separation occurs, while larger gaps result in trapping hot carriers within the moieties due to weaker interactions. This research highlights the potential for tuning hot carrier generation in strongly coupled plasmon-molecule systems for enhanced energy generation or excited state chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Zaier
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maria Bancerek
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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5
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Huang Z, Lin X, Lu Z, Du R, Tang J, Zhou L, Zhang S. Identifying high-order plasmon modes in silver nanoparticle-over-mirror configuration. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:19746-19756. [PMID: 38859102 DOI: 10.1364/oe.522105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticle-over-mirror (NPOM) represents as a versatile plasmonic configuration for surface enhanced spectroscopy, sensing and light-emitting metasurfaces. However, experimentally identifying the high-order localized surface plasmon modes in NPOM, especially for the best plasmonic material silver, is often hindered by the small scattering cross-section of high-order plasmon modes and the poor reproducibility of the spectra across different NPOMs, resulted from the polyhedral morphology of the colloidal nanoparticles or the rough surface of deposited polycrystalline metals. In this study, we identify the high-order localized surface plasmon modes in silver NPOM by using differential reflection spectroscopy. We achieved reproducible single-particle absorption spectra by constructing uniform NPOM consisting of silver nanospheres, single-crystallized silver microplates, and a self-assembled monolayer of 1,10-decanedithiol. For comparison, silver NPOM created from typical polycrystalline films exhibits significant spectral fluctuations, even when employing template stripping methods to minimize the film roughness. Identifying high-order plasmon modes in the NPOM configuration offers a pathway to construct high-quality plasmonic substrates for applications such as colloidal metasurface, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence, or infrared absorption.
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6
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Liu R, Geng M, Ai J, Fan X, Liu Z, Lu YW, Kuang Y, Liu JF, Guo L, Wu L. Deterministic positioning and alignment of a single-molecule exciton in plasmonic nanodimer for strong coupling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4103. [PMID: 38755130 PMCID: PMC11099047 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Experimental realization of strong coupling between a single exciton and plasmons remains challenging as it requires deterministic positioning of the single exciton and alignment of its dipole moment with the plasmonic fields. This study aims to combine the host-guest chemistry approach with the cucurbit[7]uril-mediated active self-assembly to precisely integrate a single methylene blue molecule in an Au nanodimer at the deterministic position (gap center of the nanodimer) with the maximum electric field (EFmax) and perfectly align its transition dipole moment with the EFmax, yielding a large spectral Rabi splitting of 116 meV for a single-molecule exciton-matching the analytical model and numerical simulations. Statistical analysis of vibrational spectroscopy and dark-field scattering spectra confirm the realization of the single exciton strong coupling at room temperature. Our work may suggest an approach for achieving the strong coupling between a deterministic single exciton and plasmons, contributing to the development of room-temperature single-qubit quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renming Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Ming Geng
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jindong Ai
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xinyi Fan
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zhixiang Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yu-Wei Lu
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Guangdong), Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Yanmin Kuang
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jing-Feng Liu
- College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Lijun Guo
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Republic of Singapore.
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, No. 16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore.
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7
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Greten L, Salzwedel R, Göde T, Greten D, Reich S, Hughes S, Selig M, Knorr A. Strong Coupling of Two-Dimensional Excitons and Plasmonic Photonic Crystals: Microscopic Theory Reveals Triplet Spectra. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:1396-1411. [PMID: 38645994 PMCID: PMC11027155 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are direct-gap semiconductors with strong light-matter interactions featuring tightly bound excitons, while plasmonic crystals (PCs), consisting of metal nanoparticles that act as meta-atoms, exhibit collective plasmon modes and allow one to tailor electric fields on the nanoscale. Recent experiments show that TMDC-PC hybrids can reach the strong-coupling limit between excitons and plasmons, forming new quasiparticles, so-called plexcitons. To describe this coupling theoretically, we develop a self-consistent Maxwell-Bloch theory for TMDC-PC hybrid structures, which allows us to compute the scattered light in the near- and far-fields explicitly and provide guidance for experimental studies. One of the key findings of the developed theory is the necessity to differentiate between bright and originally momentum-dark excitons. Our calculations reveal a spectral splitting signature of strong coupling of more than 100 meV in gold-MoSe2 structures with 30 nm nanoparticles, manifesting in a hybridization of the plasmon mode with momentum-dark excitons into two effective plexcitonic bands. The semianalytical theory allows us to directly infer the characteristic asymmetric line shape of the hybrid spectra in the strong coupling regime from the energy distribution of the momentum-dark excitons. In addition to the hybridized states, we find a remaining excitonic mode with significantly smaller coupling to the plasmonic near-field, emitting directly into the far-field. Thus, hybrid spectra in the strong coupling regime can contain three emission peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Greten
- Institut
für Theoretische Physik, Technische
Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Salzwedel
- Institut
für Theoretische Physik, Technische
Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Göde
- Institut
für Theoretische Physik, Technische
Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Greten
- Institut
für Theoretische Physik, Technische
Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Experimentelle
Festkörperphysik, Freie Universität
Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen Hughes
- Department
of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Malte Selig
- Institut
für Theoretische Physik, Technische
Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Knorr
- Institut
für Theoretische Physik, Technische
Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Xu K, Zou Z, Li W, Zhang L, Ge M, Wang T, Du W. Strong Linearly Polarized Light Emission by Coupling Out-of-Plane Exciton to Anisotropic Gap Plasmon Nanocavity. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3647-3653. [PMID: 38488282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
With exceptional quantum confinement, 2D monolayer semiconductors support a strong excitonic effect, making them an ideal platform for exploring light-matter interactions and as building blocks for novel optoelectronic devices. Different from the well-known in-plane excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD), the out-of-plane excitons in indium selenide (InSe) usually show weak emission, which limits their applications as light sources. Here, by embedding InSe in an anisotropic gap plasmon nanocavity, we have realized plasmon-enhanced linearly polarized photoluminescence with an anisotropic ratio up to ∼140, corresponding to degree of polarization (DoP) of ∼98.6%. Such polarization selectivity, originating from the polarization-dependent plasmonic enhancement supported by the "nanowire-on-mirror" nanocavity, can be well tuned by the InSe thickness. Moreover, we have also realized an InSe-based light-emitting diode with polarized electroluminescence. Our research highlights the role of excitonic dipole orientation in designing nanophotonic devices and paves the way for developing InSe-based optoelectronic devices with polarization control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wenfei Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Maowen Ge
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wei Du
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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9
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Zhong J, Li JY, Liu J, Xiang Y, Feng H, Liu R, Li W, Wang XH. Room-Temperature Strong Coupling of Few-Exciton in a Monolayer WS 2 with Plasmon and Dispersion Deviation. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1579-1586. [PMID: 38284987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Engineering room-temperature strong coupling of few-exciton in transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with plasmons promises to construct compact and high-performance quantum optical devices. But it remains unimplemented due to their in-plane excitons. Here, we demonstrate the strong coupling of few-exciton within 10 in monolayer WS2 with the plasmonic mode with a large tangential component of the electric field tightly trapped around the sharp corners of an Au@Ag nanocuboid, the fewest number of excitons observed in the TMDC family so far. Furthermore, we for the first time report a significant deviation with a relative difference of up to 100.6% between the spectrum and eigenlevel splitting dispersions, which increases with decreasing coupling strength. It is also shown that the coupling strength obtained by the conventional concept of both being equal to the measured spectrum splitting is markedly overestimated. Our work enriches the understanding of strong light-matter interactions at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - He Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Renming Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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10
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Tang J, Guo Q, Wu Y, Ge J, Zhang S, Xu H. Light-Emitting Plasmonic Tunneling Junctions: Current Status and Perspectives. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2541-2551. [PMID: 38227821 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Quantum tunneling, in which electrons can tunnel through a finite potential barrier while simultaneously interacting with other matter excitation, is one of the most fascinating phenomena without classical correspondence. In an extremely thin metallic nanogap, the deep-subwavelength-confined plasmon modes can be directly excited by the inelastically tunneling electrons driven by an externally applied voltage. Light emission via inelastic tunneling possesses a great potential application for next-generation light sources, with great superiority of ultracompact integration, large bandwidth, and ultrafast response. In this Perspective, we first briefly introduce the mechanism of plasmon generation in the inelastic electron tunneling process. Then the state of the art in plasmonic tunneling junctions will be reviewed, particularly emphasizing efficiency improvement, precise construction, active control, and electrically driven optical antenna integration. Ultimately, we forecast some promising and critical prospects that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibo Tang
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Quanbing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
| | - Yu Wu
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Junhao Ge
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shunping Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
- School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046 China
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11
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Kang H, Ma J, Li J, Zhang X, Liu X. Exciton Polaritons in Emergent Two-Dimensional Semiconductors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24449-24467. [PMID: 38051774 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The "marriage" of light (i.e., photon) and matter (i.e., exciton) in semiconductors leads to the formation of hybrid quasiparticles called exciton polaritons with fascinating quantum phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) and photon blockade. The research of exciton polaritons has been evolving into an era with emergent two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors and photonic structures for their tremendous potential to break the current limitations of quantum fundamental study and photonic applications. In this Perspective, the basic concepts of 2D excitons, optical resonators, and the strong coupling regime are introduced. The research progress of exciton polaritons is reviewed, and important discoveries (especially the recent ones of 2D exciton polaritons) are highlighted. Subsequently, the emergent 2D exciton polaritons are discussed in detail, ranging from the realization of the strong coupling regime in various photonic systems to the discoveries of attractive phenomena with interesting physics and extensive applications. Moreover, emerging 2D semiconductors, such as 2D perovskites (2DPK) and 2D antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductors, are surveyed for the manipulation of exciton polaritons with distinct control degrees of freedom (DOFs). Finally, the outlook on the 2D exciton polaritons and their nonlinear interactions is presented with our initial numerical simulations. This Perspective not only aims to provide an in-depth overview of the latest fundamental findings in 2D exciton polaritons but also attempts to serve as a valuable resource to prospect explorations of quantum optics and topological photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Kang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Ma
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, P. R. China
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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12
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Tugchin BN, Doolaard N, Barreda AI, Zhang Z, Romashkina A, Fasold S, Staude I, Eilenberger F, Pertsch T. Photoluminescence Enhancement of Monolayer WS 2 by n-Doping with an Optically Excited Gold Disk. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10848-10855. [PMID: 37967849 PMCID: PMC10723068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
In nanophotonics and quantum optics, we aim to control and manipulate light with tailored nanoscale structures. Hybrid systems of nanostructures and atomically thin materials are of interest here, as they offer rich physics and versatility due to the interaction between photons, plasmons, phonons, and excitons. In this study, we explore the optical and electronic properties of a hybrid system, a naturally n-doped monolayer WS2 covering a gold disk. We demonstrate that the nonresonant excitation of the gold disk in the high absorption regime efficiently generates hot carriers via localized surface plasmon excitation, which n-dope the monolayer WS2 and enhance the photoluminescence emission by regulating the multiexciton population and stabilizing the neutral exciton emission. The results are relevant to the further development of nanotransistors in photonic circuits and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayarjargal N. Tugchin
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Nathan Doolaard
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Angela I. Barreda
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Group
of Displays and Photonics Applications, Carlos III University of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad, 30, Leganés, 28911 Madrid, Spain
| | - Zifei Zhang
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Anastasia Romashkina
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Fasold
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Vistec
Electron Beam GmbH, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Isabelle Staude
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Falk Eilenberger
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institute
for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Straße 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Pertsch
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institute
for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Straße 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
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13
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Cheng Q, Yang J, Sun L, Liu C, Yang G, Tao Y, Sun X, Zhang B, Xu H, Zhang Q. Tuning the Plexcitonic Optical Chirality Using Discrete Structurally Chiral Plasmonic Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 38038244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Constructing chiral plexcitonic systems with tunable plasmon-exciton coupling may advance the scientific exploitation of strong light-matter interactions. Because of their intriguing chiroptical properties, chiral plasmonic materials have shown promising applications in photonics, sensing, and biomedicine. However, the strong coupling of chiral plasmonic nanoparticles with excitons remains largely unexplored. Here we demonstrate the construction of a chiral plasmon-exciton system using chiral AuAg nanorods and J aggregates for tuning the plexcitonic optical chirality. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was employed to characterize chiral plasmon-exciton coupling, in which Rabi splitting and anticrossing behaviors were observed, whereas the extinction spectra exhibited less prominent phenomena. By controlling the number of molecular excitons and the energy detuning between plasmons and excitons, we have been able to fine-tune the plexcitonic optical chirality. The ability to fine-tune the plexcitonic optical chirality opens up unique opportunities for exploring chiral light-matter interactions and boosting the development of emerging chiroptical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lichao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guizeng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yunlong Tao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuehao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- The Institute of Advanced Studies, School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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14
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Dey J, Virdi A, Chandra M. Tuning nanoscale plasmon-exciton coupling via chemical interface damping. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17879-17888. [PMID: 37888869 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04013e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the exact role of each plasmon decay channel in the plasmon-exciton interaction is essential for realizing the translational potential of nanoscale plexciton hybrids. Here, using single-particle spectroscopy, we demonstrate how a particular decay channel, chemical interface damping (CID), influences the nanoscale plasmon-exciton coupling. We investigate the interaction between cyanine dye J-aggregates and gold nanorods in the presence and absence of CID. The CID effect is introduced via surface modification of the nanorods with 4-nitrothiophenol. The relative contribution of CID is systematically tuned by varying the diameter of the nanorods, while maintaining the aspect ratio constant. We show that the incorporation of the CID channel, in addition to other plasmon decay channels, reduces the plasmon-exciton coupling strength. Nanorods' diameter-dependency measurements reveal that in the absence of CID contribution, the plasmon mode-volume factor gradually dominates over the plasmon decoherence effects as the diameter of the nanorods decreases, resulting in an increase in the plasmon-exciton coupling strength. However, the situation is entirely different when the CID channel is active: plasmon dephasing determines the plasmon-exciton coupling strength by outweighing the influence of even a very small plasmon mode-volume. Most importantly, our findings indicate that CID can be used to controllably tune the plasmon-exciton coupling strength for a given plexciton system by modifying the nanoparticle's surface with suitable adsorbates without the need for altering either the plasmonic or excitonic systems. Thus, judicious exploitation of CID can be tremendously beneficial in tailoring the optical characteristics of plexciton hybrid systems to suit any targeted application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirban Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India.
| | - Alisha Virdi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India.
| | - Manabendra Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India.
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15
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Fang J, Yao K, Wang M, Yu Z, Zhang T, Jiang T, Huang S, Korgel BA, Terrones M, Alù A, Zheng Y. Observation of Room-Temperature Exciton-Polariton Emission from Wide-Ranging 2D Semiconductors Coupled with a Broadband Mie Resonator. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9803-9810. [PMID: 37879099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional exciton-polaritons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit practical advantages in valley coherence, optical nonlinearities, and even bosonic condensation owing to their light-emission capability. To achieve robust exciton-polariton emission, strong photon-exciton couplings are required at the TMD monolayer, which is challenging due to its atomic thickness. High-quality (Q) factor optical cavities with narrowband resonances are an effective approach but typically limited to a specific excitonic state of a certain TMD material. Herein, we achieve on-demand exciton-polariton emission from a wide range of TMDs at room temperature by hybridizing excitons with broadband Mie resonances spanning the whole visible spectrum. By confining broadband light at the TMD monolayer, our one type of Mie resonator on different TMDs enables enhanced light-matter interactions with multiple excitonic states simultaneously. We demonstrate multi-Rabi splittings and robust polaritonic photoluminescence in monolayer WSe2, WS2, and MoS2. The hybrid system also shows the potential to approach the ultrastrong coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kan Yao
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mingsong Wang
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Zhuohang Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Taizhi Jiang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Suichu Huang
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Brian A Korgel
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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16
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Stete F, Bargheer M, Koopman W. Ultrafast dynamics in plasmon-exciton core-shell systems: the role of heat. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16307-16313. [PMID: 37740297 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02817h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling between plasmons and excitons gives rise to new hybrid polariton states with potential applications in various fields. Despite a plethora of research on plasmon-exciton systems, their transient behaviour is not yet fully understood. Besides Rabi oscillations in the first few femtoseconds after optical excitation, coupled systems show interesting non-linear features on the picosecond time scale. Here, we conclusively show that the source of these features is heat that is generated inside the particles. Until now, this hypothesis was only based on phenomenological arguments. We investigate the role of heat by recording the transient spectra of plasmon-exciton core-shell nanoparticles with excitation off the polariton resonance. We present analytical simulations that precisely recreate the measurements solely by assuming an initial temperature rise of the electron gas inside the particles. The simulations combine established strategies for describing uncoupled plasmonic particles with a recently published model for static spectra. The simulations are consistent for various excitation powers, confirming that heating of the particles is indeed the root of the changes in the transient signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Stete
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
- School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof (SALSA), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10999 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matias Bargheer
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wouter Koopman
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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17
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Deng X, Li J, Jin L, Wang Y, Liang K, Yu L. Plexcitonic optical chirality in the chiral plasmonic structure-microcavity-exciton strong coupling system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:32082-32092. [PMID: 37859018 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Chiral plexcitonic systems exhibit a novel chiroptical phenomenon, which can provide a new route to design chiroptical devices. Reported works focused on the two-mode strong coupling between chiral molecules and nanoparticles, while multiple-mode coupling can provide richer modulation. In this paper, we proposed a three-mode coupling system consisting of a chiral Au helices array, a Fabry-Pérot cavity, and monolayer WSe2, which can provide an extra chiral channel, a more widely tunable region, and more tunable methods compared to two-mode coupled systems. The optical response of this hybrid system was investigated based on the finite element method. Mode splitting observed in the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum demonstrated that the chiroptical response successfully shifted from the resonant position of the chiral structure to three plexcitons through strong coupling, which provided a new route for chiral transfer. Furthermore, we used the coupled oscillator model to obtain the energy and Hopfield coefficients of the plexciton branches to explain the chiroptical phenomenon of the hybrid system. Moreover, the tunability of the hybrid system can be achieved by tuning the temperature and period of the helices array. Our work provides a feasible strategy for chiral sensing and modulation devices.
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18
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Lee YM, Kim SE, Park JE. Strong coupling in plasmonic metal nanoparticles. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:34. [PMID: 37470924 PMCID: PMC10359241 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The study of strong coupling between light and matter has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential applications in diverse fields, including artificial light harvesting, ultraefficient polariton lasing, and quantum information processing. Plasmonic cavities are a compelling alternative of conventional photonic resonators, enabling ultracompact polaritonic systems to operate at room temperature. This review focuses on colloidal metal nanoparticles, highlighting their advantages as plasmonic cavities in terms of their facile synthesis, tunable plasmonic properties, and easy integration with excitonic materials. We explore recent examples of strong coupling in single nanoparticles, dimers, nanoparticle-on-a-mirror configurations, and other types of nanoparticle-based resonators. These systems are coupled with an array of excitonic materials, including atomic emitters, semiconductor quantum dots, two-dimensional materials, and perovskites. In the concluding section, we offer perspectives on the future of strong coupling research in nanoparticle systems, emphasizing the challenges and potentials that lie ahead. By offering a thorough understanding of the current state of research in this field, we aim to inspire further investigations and advances in the study of strongly coupled nanoparticle systems, ultimately unlocking new avenues in nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
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19
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Zheng H, Bai Y, Zhang Q, Liu S. Multi-mode strong coupling in Fabry-Pérot cavity-WS 2 photonic crystal hybrid structures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:24976-24987. [PMID: 37475312 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Optical microcavities embedded with transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) membranes have been demonstrated as excellent platforms to explore strong light-matter interactions. Most of the previous studies focus on strong coupling between excitons of unpatterned TMDC membranes and optical resonances of various microcavities. It is recently found that TMDC membranes patterned into photonic crystal (PhC) slabs can sustain guided-mode resonances that can be excited and probed by far-fields. Here, we present a comprehensive theoretical and numerical study on optical responses of Fabry-Pérot (F-P) cavity-WS2 PhC hybrid structures to investigate the multi-mode coupling effects between excitons, guided-mode resonances and F-P modes. We show that both the exciton resonance and the guide-mode resonance of the WS2 PhC can strongly interact with F-P modes of the cavity to reach strong coupling regime. Moreover, a Rabi splitting as large as 63 meV is observed for the strong coupling between the guided-mode resonance and the F-P mode, which is much larger than their average dissipation rate. We further demonstrate that it is even possible to realize a triple mode strong coupling by tuning the guide-mode resonances spectrally overlapped with the exciton resonance and the F-P modes. The hybrid polariton states generated from the triple mode coupling exhibit a Rabi splitting of 120 meV that greatly exceeds the criterion of a triple mode strong coupling (∼29.3 meV). Our results provide that optical microcavities embedded with TMDC PhCs can serve as promising candidates for polariton devices based on multi-mode strong coupling.
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20
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Chen Y, Sun M. Plexcitonics: plasmon-exciton coupling for enhancing spectroscopy, optical chirality, and nonlinearity. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37377142 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01388j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Plexcitonics is a rapidly developing interdisciplinary field that holds immense potential for the creation of innovative optical technologies and devices. This field focuses on investigating the interactions between plasmons and excitons in hybrid systems. In this review, we provide an overview of the fundamental principles of plasmonics and plexcitonics and discuss the latest advancements in plexcitonics. Specifically, we highlight the ability to manipulate plasmon-exciton interactions, the emerging field of tip-enhanced spectroscopy, and advancements in optical chirality and nonlinearity. These recent developments have spurred further research in the field of plexcitonics and offer inspiration for the design of advanced materials and devices with enhanced optical properties and functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, P. R. China.
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21
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Sebek M, Thanh NTK, Su X, Teng J. A Genetic Algorithm for Universal Optimization of Ultrasensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors with 2D Materials. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20792-20800. [PMID: 37323412 PMCID: PMC10268016 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We present a general optimization technique for surface plasmon resonance, (SPR) yielding a range of ultrasensitive SPR sensors from a materials database with an enhancement of ∼100%. Applying the algorithm, we propose and demonstrate a novel dual-mode SPR structure coupling SPP and a waveguide mode within GeO2 featuring an anticrossing behavior and an unprecedented sensitivity of 1364 deg/RIU. An SPR sensor operating at wavelengths of 633 nm having a bimetal Al/Ag structure sandwiched between hBN can achieve a sensitivity of 578 deg/RIU. For a wavelength of 785 nm, we optimized a sensor as a Ag layer sandwiched between hBN/MoS2/hBN heterostructures achieving a sensitivity of 676 deg/RIU. Our work provides a guideline and general technique for the design and optimization of high sensitivity SPR sensors for various sensing applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Sebek
- UCL
Healthcare Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratories, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, United Kingdom
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Innovis, Singapore 138634 Singapore
- Biophysics
Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Thanh
- UCL
Healthcare Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratories, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, United Kingdom
- Biophysics
Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaodi Su
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Innovis, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Innovis, Singapore 138634 Singapore
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22
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Qiu W, Zhou L, Wang Y, Jiang X, Huang C, Zhou L, Zhan Q, Hu J. Strong coupling of multiple optical interface modes with ultra-narrow linewidth in one-dimensional topological photonic heterostructures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:20457-20470. [PMID: 37381440 DOI: 10.1364/oe.492299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Coherent coupling of optical modes with a high Q-factor underpins realization of efficient light-matter interaction with multi-channels in resonant nanostructures. Here we theoretically studied the strong longitudinal coupling of three topological photonic states (TPSs) in a one-dimensional topological photonic crystal heterostructure embedded with a graphene monolayer in the visible frequencies. It is found that the three TPSs can strongly interplay with one another in the longitudinal direction, enabling a large Rabi splitting (∼ 48 meV) in spectral response. The triple-band perfect absorption and selective longitudinal field confinement have been demonstrated, where the linewidth of hybrid modes can reach 0.2 nm with Q-factor up to 2.6 × 103. Mode hybridization of dual- and triple-TPSs were investigated by calculation of the field profiles and Hopfield coefficients of the hybrid modes. Moreover, simulation results further show that resonant frequencies of the three hybrid TPSs can be actively controlled by simply changing the incident angle or structural parameters, which are nearly polarization independent in this strong coupling system. With the multichannel, narrow-band light trapping and selectively strong field localization in this simple multilayer regime, one can envision new possibilities for developing the practical topological photonic devices for on-chip optical detection, sensing, filtering, and light-emitting.
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23
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Zong X, Li L, Li L, Yu K, Liu Y. Self-hybridized exciton-polaritons in thin films of transition metal dichalcogenides for narrowband perfect absorption. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:18545-18554. [PMID: 37381564 DOI: 10.1364/oe.488392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer direct-band gap transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have been extensively investigated in the context of light-matter interactions. To reach strong coupling, these studies make use of external optical cavities supporting well-defined resonant modes. However, use of an external cavity might limit the scope of possible applications of such systems. Here, we demonstrate that thin films of TMDCs can themselves serve as high-quality-factor cavities due to the guided optical modes they sustain in the visible and near-infrared ranges. Making use of the prism coupling, we achieve the strong coupling between excitons and guided-mode resonances lying below the light line, and show that the thickness of TMDC membranes can be used to tune and promote photon-exciton interactions within the strong-coupling regime. Additionally, we demonstrate narrowband perfect absorption in thin TMDC films through critical coupling with guided-mode resonances. Our work not only provides a simple and intuitive picture to tame interaction of light and matter in thin TMDC films, but also suggests that these simple systems are a promising platform for realizing polaritonic and optoelectronic devices.
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Zhang W, Gao L, Yan X, Xu H, Wei H. Excitation and emission distinguished photoluminescence enhancement in a plasmon-exciton intermediate coupling system. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7812-7819. [PMID: 37042656 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07001d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanocavities with tunable resonances provide a powerful platform to manipulate the light-matter interaction at the nanoscale. Here, we investigate the coupling between monolayer MoS2 and the nanocavity formed by a silver nanowire (NW) and a gold film. The splitting of scattering spectra indicates intermediate coupling between the plasmon mode and two exciton states. The coupled system shows a photoluminescence (PL) intensity enhancement of 86-fold for the nanocavity with an appropriate NW diameter. In particular, the excitation and emission enhancement factors are experimentally distinguished, and the simulation results confirm the plasmon resonance dependent excitation and emission enhancements. Moreover, it is shown that the PL emission from the hybrid system becomes strongly polarized, and the degree of linear polarization larger than 0.9 is obtained. These results demonstrate the tunable coupling between plasmon mode and exciton states and help in deepening the understanding of the PL enhancement mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Long Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
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25
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Yang P, Liang Y, Zhang D, Ge S, Li S, Liang X, Zhang J, Xi Y, Zhang Y, Liu W. Rebuildable Silver Nanoparticles Employed as Seeds for Synthesis of Pure Silver Nanopillars with Hexagonal Cross-Sections under Room Temperature. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1263. [PMID: 37049356 PMCID: PMC10097324 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanopillars with strong plasmonic effects are used for localized electromagnetic field enhancement and regulation and have wide potential applications in sensing, bioimaging, and surface-enhanced spectroscopy. Normally, the controlled synthesis of silver nanopillars is mainly achieved using heterometallic nanoparticles, including Au nanobipyramids and Pd decahedra, as seeds for inducing nanostructure growth. However, the seed materials are usually doped in silver nanopillar products. Herein, the synthesis of pure silver nanopillars with hexagonal cross-sections is achieved by employing rebuildable silver nanoparticles as seeds. An environmentally friendly, stable, and reproducible synthetic route for obtaining silver nanopillars is proposed using sodium dodecyl sulfate as the surface stabilizer. Furthermore, the seed particles induce the formation of regular structures at different temperatures, and, specifically, room temperature is beneficial for the growth of nanopillars. The availability of silver nanoparticle seeds using sodium alginate as a carrier at different temperatures was verified. A reproducible method was developed to synthesize pure silver nanopillars from silver nanoparticles at room temperature, which can provide a strategy for designing plasmonic nanostructures for chemical and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Thin Films Technology and Optical Test, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Thin Films Technology and Optical Test, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Daxiao Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shaobo Ge
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Thin Films Technology and Optical Test, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Thin Films Technology and Optical Test, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xichao Liang
- Research and Application of Regenerative Cellulose Fiber Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, YiBin Grace Group Co., Ltd., Yibin 644000, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Thin Films Technology and Optical Test, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yingxue Xi
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Thin Films Technology and Optical Test, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Thin Films Technology and Optical Test, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Thin Films Technology and Optical Test, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China
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26
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Ai R, Xia X, Zhang H, Chui KK, Wang J. Orientation-Dependent Interaction between the Magnetic Plasmons in Gold Nanocups and the Excitons in WS 2 Monolayer and Multilayer. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2356-2367. [PMID: 36662164 PMCID: PMC9933610 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The integration of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides with plasmonic nanostructures is extremely attractive for the investigation of the resonance coupling between plasmons and excitons, which offers a framework for the study of cavity quantum electrodynamics and is of great potential for exploring diverse quantum technologies. Herein we report on the coupling between the magnetic plasmons supported by individual asymmetric Au nanocups and the excitons in WS2 monolayer and multilayer. Resonance coupling with the strength varying from weak to strong regimes is realized by adjusting the orientation of the individual Au nanocups on WS2 monolayer. Different energy detunings between the magnetic plasmons and the excitons are achieved by varying the size of the Au nanocup. The Rabi splitting energies extracted at zero detuning are up to 106 meV. The anticrossing feature is observed in the measured scattering spectra and simulated absorption spectra, which indicates that the resonance coupling between the magnetic plasmons in the Au nanocup and the excitons in WS2 monolayer enters the strongly coupled regime. A dependence of the coupling strength on the layer number is further observed when the Au nanocups are coupled with WS2 multilayer. Our study suggests a promising approach toward the realization of different coupling regimes in a simple hybrid system made of individual Au nanocups and two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqi Ai
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Xinyue Xia
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Han Zhang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang
Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou310018, China
| | - Ka Kit Chui
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
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27
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Du R, Hu H, Fu T, Shi Z, Zhang S, Xu H. How to Obtain the Correct Rabi Splitting in a Subwavelength Interacting System. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:444-450. [PMID: 36595223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We unambiguously extract the individual decay channels of a coupled plasmon-exciton system by using correlated single-particle absorption and scattering measurements. A remarkable difference in the two channels is present─clear Rabi splitting in the plasmon channel but no Rabi splitting in the exciton channel. Discordance in the absorption and scattering spectra are mainly originated from the distinct contributions of plasmon and exciton channels in the absorption and scattering process. Our findings provide insights into plasmon-exciton interaction in an open cavity and can impact the design of plexcitonic devices for ultrafast nonlinear nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguang Du
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Huatian Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Tong Fu
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou450052, China
| | - Shunping Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan430206, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan430206, China
- School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
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28
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Jang J, Jeong M, Lee J, Kim S, Yun H, Rho J. Planar Optical Cavities Hybridized with Low-Dimensional Light-Emitting Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203889. [PMID: 35861661 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional light-emitting materials have been actively investigated due to their unprecedented optical and optoelectronic properties that are not observed in their bulk forms. However, the emission from low-dimensional light-emitting materials is generally weak and difficult to use in nanophotonic devices without being amplified and engineered by optical cavities. Along with studies on various planar optical cavities over the last decade, the physics of cavity-emitter interactions as well as various integration methods are investigated deeply. These integrations not only enhance the light-matter interaction of the emitters, but also provide opportunities for realizing nanophotonic devices based on the new physics allowed by low-dimensional emitters. In this review, the fundamentals, strengths and weaknesses of various planar optical resonators are first provided. Then, commonly used low-dimensional light-emitting materials such as 0D emitters (quantum dots and upconversion nanoparticles) and 2D emitters (transition-metal dichalcogenide and hexagonal boron nitride) are discussed. The integration of these emitters and cavities and the expect interplay between them are explained in the following chapters. Finally, a comprehensive discussion and outlook of nanoscale cavity-emitter integrated systems is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyuck Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihae Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Huichang Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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29
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Bai Y, Zheng H, Zhang Q, Yu Y, Liu SD. Perfect absorption and phase singularities induced by surface lattice resonances for plasmonic nanoparticle array on a metallic film. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:45400-45412. [PMID: 36522946 DOI: 10.1364/oe.475248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The formation of pairs of perfect absorption associated with phase singularities in the parameter space using the hybridized structure constructed with a metallic nanoparticle array and a metallic film is promising to enhance light-mater interactions. However, the localized plasmon resonances of the array possess strong radiative losses, which is an obstacle to improve the performances for many applications. On the contrary with the subwavelength array hybridized structure, this study shows that by enlarging the lattice spacing, the oscillator strength of the nanoparticles can be enhanced with the formation of surface lattice resonance, thereby leading to similar but much narrower pairs of perfect absorption due to the interactions with the Fabry-Pérot cavity modes. Furthermore, when the surface plasmon polariton mode shift to the same spectral range associated with the enlarged lattice spacing, the coupling and mode hybridization with the surface lattice resonance result in an anticrossing in the spectra. Although the resonance coupling does not enter the strong coupling regime, the quality factors (∼ 134) and near-field enhancements (∼ 44) are strongly enhanced for the hybridized resonance modes due to the effectively suppressed radiative losses compared with that of the localized plasmon resonances, which make the hybridized structure useful for the design of functional nanophotonic device such as biosensing, multi-model nanolasing, and high-quality imaging.
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30
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Zong X, Li L, Yu K, Liu Y. Enhanced light-matter interactions in ultrathin transition-metal-dichalcogenide metasurfaces by magnetic and toroidal dipole bound states in the continuum. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:43104-43117. [PMID: 36523016 DOI: 10.1364/oe.474088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonradiating states of light have recently received a lot of attention in nanophotonics owing to their ability to confine and enhance the electromagnetic fields at the nanoscale. Such optical states not only offer a promising way to overcome the problem of losses associated with plasmonic materials, but also constitute an efficient platform for interaction of light and matter. Here, we report the radiationless states in compact, ultrathin transition-metal-dichalcogenide metasurfaces, namely bound states in the continuum (BICs). Through applying the multipole analysis to the BIC-based metasurfaces, we demonstrate that the BICs can be classified as magnetic dipole (MD) and electric toroidal dipole (TD) modes, both of which correspond to the Γ-point symmetry-protected BIC. Due to the large field confinement inside the nanoresonators originating from the BICs, the strong coupling is realized between quasi-BICs and the exciton resonance, showing that the Rabi splitting energy can be up to 134 meV and 162 meV for the MD and TD quasi-BIC, respectively. We reveal that reduction of the effective mode volume is highly responsible for the enhancement of coupling strength. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that a large mode volume can lead to increase of the field leakage, which enables our metasurfaces to find applications in, for instance, label-free sensing based on refractometric detection.
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31
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Wang Y, Luo A, Zhu C, Li Z, Wu X. Ultra-confined Propagating Exciton-Plasmon Polaritons Enabled by Cavity-Free Strong Coupling: Beating Plasmonic Trade-Offs. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:109. [PMID: 36399213 PMCID: PMC9674826 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid coupling systems consisting of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) and plasmonic nanostructures have emerged as a promising platform to explore exciton-plasmon polaritons. However, the requisite cavity/resonator for strong coupling introduces extra complexities and challenges for waveguiding applications. Alternatively, plasmonic nano-waveguides can also be utilized to provide a non-resonant approach for strong coupling, while their utility is limited by the plasmonic confinement-loss and confinement-momentum trade-offs. Here, based on a cavity-free approach, we overcome these constraints by theoretically strong coupling of a monolayer TMD to a single metal nanowire, generating ultra-confined propagating exciton-plasmon polaritons (PEPPs) that beat the plasmonic trade-offs. By leveraging strong-coupling-induced reformations in energy distribution and combining favorable properties of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and excitons, the generated PEPPs feature ultra-deep subwavelength confinement (down to 1-nm level with mode areas ~ 10-4 of λ2), long propagation length (up to ~ 60 µm), tunable dispersion with versatile mode characters (SPP- and exciton-like mode characters), and small momentum mismatch to free-space photons. With the capability to overcome the trade-offs of SPPs and the compatibility for waveguiding applications, our theoretical results suggest an attractive guided-wave platform to manipulate exciton-plasmon interactions at the ultra-deep subwavelength scale, opening new horizons for waveguiding nano-polaritonic components and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aoning Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing and Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing, 314000, People's Republic of China
- Jiaxing Intelligent Optics and Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Liu S, Deng F, Zhuang W, He X, Huang H, Chen JD, Pang H, Lan S. Optical Introduction and Manipulation of Plasmon-Exciton-Trion Coupling in a Si/WS 2/Au Nanocavity. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14390-14401. [PMID: 36067213 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Strong plasmon-exciton coupling, which has potential applications in nanophotonics, plasmonics, and quantum electrodynamics, has been successfully demonstrated by using metallic nanocavities and two-dimensional materials. Dynamical control of plasmon-exciton coupling strength, especially by using optical methods, remains a big challenge although it is highly desirable. Here, we report the optical introduction and manipulation of plasmon-exciton-trion coupling realized in a dielectric-metal hybrid nanocavity, which is composed of a silicon (Si) nanoparticle and a thin gold (Au) film, with an embedded tungsten disulfide (WS2) monolayer. We employ scattering and photoluminescence spectra to characterize the coupling strength between plasmons and excitons in Si/WS2/Au nanocavities constructed by using Si nanoparticles with different diameters. We enhance the plasmon-exciton and plasmon-trion coupling strength by injecting excitons and trions into the WS2 monolayer with a 488 nm laser beam. It is revealed that the emission intensities of excitons and trions with respect to the reference WS2 monolayer can be modified through the change in the coupling strength induced by the laser light. Interestingly, the coupling strength between the plasmons and the excitons/trions can be manipulated from weak to strong coupling regime by simply increasing the laser power, which is clearly resolved in the scattering spectra of Si/WS2/Au nanocavities. More importantly, the plasmon-exciton-trion coupling induced by the laser light is confirmed by the energy exchange between excitons and trions. Our findings indicate the possibility for optically manipulating plasmon-exciton interaction and suggest the practical applications of dielectric-metal hybrid nanocavities in nanoscale plasmonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fu Deng
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weijie Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaobing He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongxin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing-Dong Chen
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Huajian Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sheng Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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33
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Zhou WJ, You JB, Xiong X, Lu YW, Ang LK, Liu JF, Wu L. Cavity spectral-hole-burning to boost coherence in plasmon-emitter strong coupling systems. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:475001. [PMID: 35981513 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8aa3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Significant decoherence of the plasmon-emitter (i.e., plexcitonic) strong coupling systems hinders the progress towards their applications in quantum technology due to the unavoidable lossy nature of the plasmons. Inspired by the concept of spectral-hole-burning (SHB) for frequency-selective bleaching of the emitter ensemble, we propose 'cavity SHB' by introducing cavity modes with moderate quality factors to the plexcitonic system to boost its coherence. We show that the detuning of the introduced cavity mode with respect to the original plexcitonic system, which defines the location of the cavity SHB, is the most critical parameter. Simultaneously introducing two cavity modes of opposite detunings, the excited-state population of the emitter can be enhanced by 4.5 orders of magnitude within 300 fs, and the attenuation of the emitter's population can be slowed down by about 56 times. This theoretical proposal provides a new approach of cavity engineering to enhance the plasmon-emitter strong coupling systems' coherence, which is important for realistic hybrid-cavity design for applications in quantum technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Zhou
- Science, Mathematics and Technology (SMT), Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Jia-Bin You
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Yu-Wei Lu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lay Kee Ang
- Science, Mathematics and Technology (SMT), Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Jing-Feng Liu
- College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wu
- Science, Mathematics and Technology (SMT), Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
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34
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Mosquera MA, Marmolejo-Tejada JM, Borys NJ. Theoretical Quantum Model of Two-Dimensional Propagating Plexcitons. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:124103. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0103383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
When plasmonic excitations of metallic interfaces and nanostructures interact with electronic excitations in semiconductors, new states emerge that hybridize the characteristics of the uncoupled states. The engendered properties make these hybrid states appealing for a broad range of applications, ranging from photovoltaic devices to integrated circuitry for quantum devices. Here, through quantum modeling, the coupling of surface plasmon polaritons and mobile two-dimensional excitons such as those in atomically thin semiconductors is examined with emphasis on the case of strong coupling. Our model shows that at around the energy crossing of the dispersion relationships of the uncoupled species, they strongly interact and polariton states --propagating plexcitons -- emerge. The temporal evolution of the system where surface plasmon polaritons are continuously injected into the system is simulated to gain initial insight on potential experimental realizations of these states. The results show a steady state that is dominated by the lower-energy polariton. The study theoretically further establishes the possible existence of propagating plexcitons in atomically thin semiconductors and provides important guidance for the experimental detection and characterization of such states for a wide range of optoelectronic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Alonso Mosquera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, United States of America
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35
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Denning EV, Knorr A, Katsch F, Richter M. Efficient Quadrature Squeezing from Biexcitonic Parametric Gain in Atomically Thin Semiconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:097401. [PMID: 36083637 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.097401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Modification of electromagnetic quantum fluctuations in the form of quadrature squeezing is a central quantum resource, which can be generated from nonlinear optical processes. Such a process is facilitated by coherent two-photon excitation of the strongly bound biexciton in atomically thin semiconductors. We show theoretically that interfacing an atomically thin semiconductor with an optical cavity makes it possible to harness this two-photon resonance and use the biexcitonic parametric gain to generate squeezed light with input power an order of magnitude below current state-of-the-art devices with conventional third-order nonlinear materials that rely on far off-resonant nonlinearities. Furthermore, the squeezing bandwidth is found to be in the range of several meV. These results identify atomically thin semiconductors as a promising candidate for on-chip squeezed-light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil V Denning
- Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Knorr
- Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Katsch
- Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marten Richter
- Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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36
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Wu X, Wang R, Zou H, Song B, Wen S, Frauenheim T, Yam C. First-Principles Nonequilibrium Green's Function Approach to Energy Conversion in Nanoscale Optoelectronics. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:5502-5512. [PMID: 36005397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding photon-electron conversion on the nanoscale is essential for future innovations in nano-optoelectronics. In this article, based on nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism, we develop a quantum-mechanical method for modeling energy conversion in nanoscale optoelectronic devices. The method allows us to study photoinduced charge transport and electroluminescence processes in realistic devices. First, we investigate the electroluminescence properties of a two-level model with two different treatments of inelastic scatterings. We show the regime where self-consistency between electron and photon is important for correct description of the inelastic scatterings. The method is then applied to model single-molecule junctions based on the density-functional tight-binding approach. The predicted emission spectra are found to be in very good agreement with experimental measurements. For nanostructured materials, the method is further applied to study the photoresponse of a two-dimensional graphene/graphite-C3N4 heterojunction photovoltaic device. The simulations demonstrate clearly the impact of atomistic details on the optoelectronic properties of nanodevices. This work provides a practical theoretical framework that can be applied to model and design realistic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Longhua District, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Rulin Wang
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hao Zou
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bowen Song
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shizheng Wen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement Technology and Intelligent Systems, School of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Longhua District, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - ChiYung Yam
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518000, China.,Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Unit 909-915 of 17W Building, Science Park, NT, Hong Kong, China
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37
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Wen BY, Wang JY, Shen TL, Zhu ZW, Guan PC, Lin JS, Peng W, Cai WW, Jin H, Xu QC, Yang ZL, Tian ZQ, Li JF. Manipulating the light-matter interactions in plasmonic nanocavities at 1 nm spatial resolution. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:235. [PMID: 35882840 PMCID: PMC9325739 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The light-matter interaction between plasmonic nanocavity and exciton at the sub-diffraction limit is a central research field in nanophotonics. Here, we demonstrated the vertical distribution of the light-matter interactions at ~1 nm spatial resolution by coupling A excitons of MoS2 and gap-mode plasmonic nanocavities. Moreover, we observed the significant photoluminescence (PL) enhancement factor reaching up to 2800 times, which is attributed to the Purcell effect and large local density of states in gap-mode plasmonic nanocavities. Meanwhile, the theoretical calculations are well reproduced and support the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ying Wen
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jing-Yu Wang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Tai-Long Shen
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Zhu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Guan
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Lin
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wei-Wei Cai
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Huaizhou Jin
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Qing-Chi Xu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Zhi-Lin Yang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China.
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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38
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Li JY, Li W, Liu J, Zhong J, Liu R, Chen H, Wang XH. Room-Temperature Strong Coupling Between a Single Quantum Dot and a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4686-4693. [PMID: 35638870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A single quantum dot (QD) strongly coupled with a plasmonic nanoparticle yields a promising qubit for scalable solid-state quantum information processing at room temperature. However, realizing such a strong coupling remains challenging due to the difficulty of spatial overlap of the QD excitons with the plasmonic electric fields (EFs). Here, by using a transmission electron microscope we demonstrate for the first time that this overlap can be realized by integrating a deterministic single QD with a single Au nanorod. When a wedge nanogap cavity consisting of them and the substrate is constructed, the plasmonic EFs can be more effectively "dragged" and highly confined in the QD's nanoshell where the excitons mainly reside. With these advantages, we observed the largest spectral Rabi splitting (reported so far) of ∼234 meV for a single QD strong coupling with plasmons. Our work opens a pathway to the massive construction of room-temperature strong coupling solid qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Renming Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Huanjun Chen
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xue-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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39
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Zhuo X, Li S, Li N, Cheng X, Lai Y, Wang J. Mode-dependent energy exchange between near- and far-field through silicon-supported single silver nanorods. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8362-8373. [PMID: 35635072 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01402e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical antenna effects endow plasmonic nanoparticles with the capability to enhance and control various types of light-matter interaction. Most reported plasmonic systems can be regarded as single-channel nanoantennas, which rely only on a bright dipole plasmon mode for energy exchange between near- and far-field. Herein we demonstrate a dual-channel plasmonic system that can separate the excitation and emission processes into two energy exchange pathways mediated by the different plasmon modes, offering a higher degree of freedom for the manipulation of light-matter interaction. Our system, consisting of high-aspect-ratio Ag nanorods and Si substrates, can support a series of bright and dark plasmon modes with distinct near- and far-field properties and generate relatively intensive local field enhancement in the gap region. As a proof-of-principle, we take plasmon-enhanced fluorescence of dye molecules as an example to reveal the energy exchange mechanism in the dual-channel plasmonic system. Such a system is potentially also useful for manipulating other types of light-matter interaction. Our work represents a step toward the utilization of a broader class of plasmon resonance for the development of optical antennas and various on-chip nanophotonic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhuo
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Nannan Li
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Xizhe Cheng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yunhe Lai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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40
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Zong X, Li L, Liu Y. Bound states in the continuum in all-van der Waals photonic crystals: a route enabling electromagnetically induced transparency. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:17897-17908. [PMID: 36221601 DOI: 10.1364/oe.458382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that multilayer transition metal dichalcogenides can serve as promising building blocks for creating new kinds of resonant optical nanostructures due to their very high refractive indices. However, most of such studies have focused on excitonic regimes of light-material interaction, while there are few on the low-loss region below the bandgap. Here, we conceptually propose all-van der Waals photonic crystals made of electronically bulk MoS2 and h-BN, designed to operate in the telecom wavelengths. And we demonstrate that, due to extremely low absorption loss and destructive interaction between symmetry-protected and resonance-trapped bound states in the continuum, high-quality factor transmission peaks associated with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) are observed, thus rendering our proposed structures highly useful for applications like slow light and optical sensing. Furthermore, EIT-like effects are demonstrated in well-engineered MoS2 nanostructures with broken symmetry. We argue that this work is not only of significance for light harvesting in nanostructured van der Waals materials, but provides also a simple path of constructing classical analogues of EIT using dielectric photonic crystals.
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41
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Scott Z, Muhammad S, Shahbazyan TV. Plasmon-induced coherence, exciton-induced transparency, and Fano interference for hybrid plasmonic systems in strong coupling regime. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:194702. [PMID: 35597643 DOI: 10.1063/5.0083197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We present an analytical model describing the transition to a strong coupling regime for an ensemble of emitters resonantly coupled to a localized surface plasmon in a metal-dielectric structure. The response of a hybrid system to an external field is determined by two distinct mechanisms involving collective states of emitters interacting with the plasmon mode. The first mechanism is the near-field coupling between the bright collective state and the plasmon mode, which underpins the energy exchange between the system components and gives rise to exciton-induced transparency minimum in scattering spectra in the weak coupling regime and to emergence of polaritonic bands as the system transitions to the strong coupling regime. The second mechanism is the Fano interference between the plasmon dipole moment and the plasmon-induced dipole moment of the bright collective state as the hybrid system interacts with the radiation field. The latter mechanism is greatly facilitated by plasmon-induced coherence in a system with the characteristic size below the diffraction limit as the individual emitters comprising the collective state are driven by the same alternating plasmon near field and, therefore, all oscillate in phase. This cooperative effect leads to scaling of the Fano asymmetry parameter and of the Fano function amplitude with the ensemble size, and therefore, it strongly affects the shape of scattering spectra for large ensembles. Specifically, with increasing emitter numbers, the Fano interference leads to a spectral weight shift toward the lower energy polaritonic band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Scott
- Department of Physics, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
| | - Shafi Muhammad
- Department of Physics, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
| | - Tigran V Shahbazyan
- Department of Physics, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
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42
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Li J, Liu J, Guo Z, Chang Z, Guo Y. Engineering Plasmonic Environments for 2D Materials and 2D-Based Photodetectors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092807. [PMID: 35566157 PMCID: PMC9100532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional layered materials are considered ideal platforms to study novel small-scale optoelectronic devices due to their unique electronic structures and fantastic physical properties. However, it is urgent to further improve the light–matter interaction in these materials because their light absorption efficiency is limited by the atomically thin thickness. One of the promising approaches is to engineer the plasmonic environment around 2D materials for modulating light–matter interaction in 2D materials. This method greatly benefits from the advances in the development of nanofabrication and out-plane van der Waals interaction of 2D materials. In this paper, we review a series of recent works on 2D materials integrated with plasmonic environments, including the plasmonic-enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield, strong coupling between plasmons and excitons, nonlinear optics in plasmonic nanocavities, manipulation of chiral optical signals in hybrid nanostructures, and the improvement of the performance of optoelectronic devices based on composite systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (J.L.); (Z.G.); (Z.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Jingyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (J.L.); (Z.G.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zirui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (J.L.); (Z.G.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zeyu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (J.L.); (Z.G.); (Z.C.)
| | - Yang Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Y.G.)
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43
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Niu Y, Xu H, Wei H. Unified Scattering and Photoluminescence Spectra for Strong Plasmon-Exciton Coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:167402. [PMID: 35522488 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.167402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The strong coupling between excitons and single plasmonic nanocavities enables plexcitonic states in nanoscale systems at room temperature. Here we demonstrate the strong coupling of surface plasmon modes of metal nanowires and excitons in monolayer semiconductors, with Rabi splitting manifested in both scattering and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. By utilizing the propagation properties of surface plasmons on the nanowires, the PL emitted through the scattering of plasmon-exciton hybrid modes is extracted. The analytically calculated scattering and PL spectra well reproduce the experimental results. These findings unify the scattering and PL spectra in the plexcitonic system and eliminate the ambiguities of PL emission, shedding new light on understanding the rich spectral phenomena in the plasmon-exciton strong coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Niu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
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44
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Tang Y, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Wei K, Cheng X, Shi L, Jiang T. Interacting plexcitons for designed ultrafast optical nonlinearity in a monolayer semiconductor. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:94. [PMID: 35422032 PMCID: PMC9010435 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Searching for ideal materials with strong effective optical nonlinear responses is a long-term task enabling remarkable breakthroughs in contemporary quantum and nonlinear optics. Polaritons, hybridized light-matter quasiparticles, are an appealing candidate to realize such nonlinearities. Here, we explore a class of peculiar polaritons, named plasmon-exciton polaritons (plexcitons), in a hybrid system composed of silver nanodisk arrays and monolayer tungsten-disulfide (WS2), which shows giant room-temperature nonlinearity due to their deep-subwavelength localized nature. Specifically, comprehensive ultrafast pump-probe measurements reveal that plexciton nonlinearity is dominated by the saturation and higher-order excitation-induced dephasing interactions, rather than the well-known exchange interaction in traditional microcavity polaritons. Furthermore, we demonstrate this giant nonlinearity can be exploited to manipulate the ultrafast nonlinear absorption properties of the solid-state system. Our findings suggest that plexcitons are intrinsically strongly interacting, thereby pioneering new horizons for practical implementations such as energy-efficient ultrafast all-optical switching and information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Tang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China
| | - Yanbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Qirui Liu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Wei
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China
- Beijing Institute for Advanced Study, National University of Defense Technology, 100000, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang'ai Cheng
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tian Jiang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China.
- Beijing Institute for Advanced Study, National University of Defense Technology, 100000, Beijing, China.
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45
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Cheng Z, Niu X, Jiang S, Zhang Q. State-selective exciton–plasmon interplay in a hybrid WSe 2/CuFeS 2 nanosystem. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:144701. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0090467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of confined exciton and localized surface plasmon in a hybrid nanostructure has recently stimulated extensive interests. The mechanistic insights into the elusive exciton–plasmon interplay at the nanoscale are of both fundamental and applicable values. Herein, by taking a hybrid WSe2/CuFeS2 system as a prototype, in which the excitonic semiconductor WSe2 nanosheets are interfaced with the plasmonic semiconductor CuFeS2 nanocrystals to form a heterostructure, we design and perform an ultrafast dynamics study to glean information in this regard. Specifically, the band-alignment relationship between the two components enables the contrasting case studies in which the excitonic excited states of WSe2 are pre-selected to be on-/off-resonant with the plasmon band of CuFeS2. As revealed by the joint observations from steady-state absorption and photoexcitation-dependent/temperature-dependent femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy, an effective energy transfer process occurs in this exciton–plasmon system where the energy donor (acceptor) is the excitonic WSe2 (plasmonic CuFeS2) and its efficiency is modulated by the exciton–plasmon coupling strength. Furthermore, as inferred from the temperature-dependent fs-TA analysis, the opening of such an energy-transfer channel turns out to take place during the early phase of plasmon decay (∼1 ps). In addition, the activation energy of energy transfer for a specific exciton-state-selected case is estimated (∼200 meV). This work provides a dynamics perspective to the plasmon semiconductor-involved exciton–plasmon interplay that features excited-state selectivity of exciton band and, hence, would be of guiding value for rational design and optimization of relevant applications based on exciton–plasmon manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaoyou Niu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shenlong Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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46
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Yang L, Xie X, Yang J, Xue M, Wu S, Xiao S, Song F, Dang J, Sun S, Zuo Z, Chen J, Huang Y, Zhou X, Jin K, Wang C, Xu X. Strong Light-Matter Interactions between Gap Plasmons and Two-Dimensional Excitons under Ambient Conditions in a Deterministic Way. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2177-2186. [PMID: 35239344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strong exciton-plasmon interactions between layered two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors and gap plasmons show a great potential to implement cavity quantum electrodynamics under ambient conditions. However, achieving a robust plasmon-exciton coupling with nanocavities is still very challenging, because the layer area is usually small in the conventional approaches. Here, we report on a robust strong exciton-plasmon coupling between the gap mode of a bowtie and the excitons in MoS2 layers with gold-assisted mechanical exfoliation and nondestructive wet transfer techniques for a large-area layer. Due to the ultrasmall mode volume and strong in-plane field, the estimated effective exciton number contributing to the coupling is largely reduced. With a corrected exciton transition dipole moment, the exciton numbers are extracted as being 40 for the case of a single layer and 48 for eight layers. Our work paves the way to realize strong coupling with 2D materials with a small number of excitons at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingnan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfei Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Feilong Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianchen Dang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Sibai Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanchun Zuo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjiang Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuijuan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulai Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
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47
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Huang L, Krasnok A, Alú A, Yu Y, Neshev D, Miroshnichenko AE. Enhanced light-matter interaction in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:046401. [PMID: 34939940 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac45f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials, such as MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2, have received extensive attention in the past decade due to their extraordinary electronic, optical and thermal properties. They evolve from indirect bandgap semiconductors to direct bandgap semiconductors while their layer number is reduced from a few layers to a monolayer limit. Consequently, there is strong photoluminescence in a monolayer (1L) TMDC due to the large quantum yield. Moreover, such monolayer semiconductors have two other exciting properties: large binding energy of excitons and valley polarization. These properties make them become ideal materials for various electronic, photonic and optoelectronic devices. However, their performance is limited by the relatively weak light-matter interactions due to their atomically thin form factor. Resonant nanophotonic structures provide a viable way to address this issue and enhance light-matter interactions in 2D TMDCs. Here, we provide an overview of this research area, showcasing relevant applications, including exotic light emission, absorption and scattering features. We start by overviewing the concept of excitons in 1L-TMDC and the fundamental theory of cavity-enhanced emission, followed by a discussion on the recent progress of enhanced light emission, strong coupling and valleytronics. The atomically thin nature of 1L-TMDC enables a broad range of ways to tune its electric and optical properties. Thus, we continue by reviewing advances in TMDC-based tunable photonic devices. Next, we survey the recent progress in enhanced light absorption over narrow and broad bandwidths using 1L or few-layer TMDCs, and their applications for photovoltaics and photodetectors. We also review recent efforts of engineering light scattering, e.g., inducing Fano resonances, wavefront engineering in 1L or few-layer TMDCs by either integrating resonant structures, such as plasmonic/Mie resonant metasurfaces, or directly patterning monolayer/few layers TMDCs. We then overview the intriguing physical properties of different van der Waals heterostructures, and their applications in optoelectronic and photonic devices. Finally, we draw our opinion on potential opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Huang
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Alex Krasnok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, United States of America
| | - Andrea Alú
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States of America
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Yiling Yu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Dragomir Neshev
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Andrey E Miroshnichenko
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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48
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Petrić MM, Kremser M, Barbone M, Nolinder A, Lyamkina A, Stier AV, Kaniber M, Müller K, Finley JJ. Tuning the Optical Properties of a MoSe 2 Monolayer Using Nanoscale Plasmonic Antennas. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:561-569. [PMID: 34978824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplasmonic systems combined with optically active two-dimensional materials provide intriguing opportunities to explore and control light-matter interactions at extreme subwavelength length scales approaching the exciton Bohr radius. Here, we present room- and cryogenic-temperature investigations of a MoSe2 monolayer on individual gold dipole nanoantennas. By controlling nanoantenna size, the dipolar resonance is tuned relative to the exciton achieving a total tuning of ∼130 meV. Differential reflectance measurements performed on >100 structures reveal an apparent avoided crossing between exciton and dipolar mode and an exciton-plasmon coupling constant of g = 55 meV, representing g/(ℏωX) ≥ 3% of the transition energy. This places our hybrid system in the intermediate-coupling regime where spectra exhibit a characteristic Fano-like shape. We demonstrate active control by varying the polarization of the excitation light to programmably suppress coupling to the dipole mode. We further study the emerging optical signatures of the monolayer localized at dipole nanoantennas at 10 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko M Petrić
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and MCQST, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Malte Kremser
- Walter Schottky Institut, Physik-Department and MCQST, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Matteo Barbone
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and MCQST, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Anna Nolinder
- Walter Schottky Institut, Physik-Department and MCQST, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Anna Lyamkina
- Walter Schottky Institut, Physik-Department and MCQST, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas V Stier
- Walter Schottky Institut, Physik-Department and MCQST, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Kaniber
- Walter Schottky Institut, Physik-Department and MCQST, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kai Müller
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and MCQST, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonathan J Finley
- Walter Schottky Institut, Physik-Department and MCQST, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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49
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Deng F, Huang H, Chen JD, Liu S, Pang H, He X, Lan S. Greatly Enhanced Plasmon-Exciton Coupling in Si/WS 2/Au Nanocavities. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:220-228. [PMID: 34962400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A strong light-matter interaction is highly desirable from the viewpoint of both fundamental research and practical application. Here, we propose a dielectric-metal hybrid nanocavity composed of a silicon (Si) nanoparticle and a thin gold (Au) film and investigate numerically and experimentally the coupling between the plasmons supported by the nanocavity and the excitons in an embedded tungsten disulfide (WS2) monolayer. When a Si/WS2/Au nanocavity is excited by the surface plasmon polariton generated on the surface of the Au film, greatly enhanced plasmon-exciton coupling originating from the hybridization of the surface plasmon polariton, the mirror-image-induced magnetic dipole, and the exciton modes is clearly revealed in the angle- or size-resolved scattering spectra. A Rabi splitting as large as ∼240 meV is extracted by fitting the experimental data with a coupled harmonic oscillator model containing three oscillators. Our findings open new horizons for constructing nanoscale photonic devices by exploiting dielectric-metal hybrid nanocavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Dong Chen
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shimei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajian Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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50
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Han X, Wang K, Jiang Y, Xing X, Li S, Hu H, Liu W, Wang B, Lu P. Controllable Plexcitonic Coupling in a WS 2-Ag Nanocavity with Solvents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:43554-43561. [PMID: 34465088 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling between emitters and cavities underlies many of the current strategies aiming at generating and controlling quantum states at room temperature. Recent experiments reveal strong coupling between two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and individual plasmonic structures; however, the coupling strength is quite limited (<200 meV), and the active control of the coupling strength is challenging. Here, we demonstrate the active tuning of plexcitonic coupling in monolayer WS2 coupled to a plasmonic nanocavity by immersing into a mixed solution of dichloromethane (DCM) and ethanol. By adjusting the mixture ratio, continuous tuning of the Rabi splitting energy ranged from 183 meV (in ethanol) to 273 meV (in DCM) is achieved. The results are mainly attributed to the remarkable increase of the neutral exciton density in monolayer WS2 as the concentration of DCM is increased. It offers an important stepping stone toward a further study on plexcitonic coupling in layered materials, along with potential applications in quantum information processing and nonlinear optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiangyuan Xing
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shujin Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huatian Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peixiang Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Guangdong Intelligent Robotics Institute, Dongguan 523808, China
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