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Koo Y, Moon T, Kang M, Joo H, Lee C, Lee H, Kravtsov V, Park KD. Dynamical control of nanoscale light-matter interactions in low-dimensional quantum materials. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:30. [PMID: 38272869 PMCID: PMC10810844 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced nano-spectroscopy and -imaging have significantly advanced our understanding of low-dimensional quantum materials and their interactions with light, providing a rich insight into the underlying physics at their natural length scale. Recently, various functionalities of the plasmonic tip expand the capabilities of the nanoscopy, enabling dynamic manipulation of light-matter interactions at the nanoscale. In this review, we focus on a new paradigm of the nanoscopy, shifting from the conventional role of imaging and spectroscopy to the dynamical control approach of the tip-induced light-matter interactions. We present three different approaches of tip-induced control of light-matter interactions, such as cavity-gap control, pressure control, and near-field polarization control. Specifically, we discuss the nanoscale modifications of radiative emissions for various emitters from weak to strong coupling regime, achieved by the precise engineering of the cavity-gap. Furthermore, we introduce recent works on light-matter interactions controlled by tip-pressure and near-field polarization, especially tunability of the bandgap, crystal structure, photoluminescence quantum yield, exciton density, and energy transfer in a wide range of quantum materials. We envision that this comprehensive review not only contributes to a deeper understanding of the physics of nanoscale light-matter interactions but also offers a valuable resource to nanophotonics, plasmonics, and materials science for future technological advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjeong Koo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Moon
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Kang
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Huitae Joo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongwoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Vasily Kravtsov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Takahashi S, Sakurai A, Mochizuki T, Sugimoto T. Broadband Tip-Enhanced Nonlinear Optical Response in a Plasmonic Nanocavity. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6919-6926. [PMID: 37498197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a significantly broad nonlinear optical response enhanced in a tip-substrate plasmonic nanocavity. Focusing on the near-field second harmonics of the wavelength-tunable femtosecond laser, we demonstrate that the tip-enhancement of nonlinear optical effects efficiently works over the broad wavelength range through the visible to infrared region. We also found that this broadband nonlinear optical property is directly affected not only by the nanometer-scale sharpness of the tip apexes but also by the micrometer-scale surface geometry of the tip shafts. While spatially nonlocal plasmonic modes excited throughout the micrometer-scale tip shafts enhance near-to-mid-infrared incoming light, the radiation of visible-to-near-infrared second harmonics is boosted by localized plasmons at the nanogap. These two plasmonic modes simultaneously affect the excitation and emission processes, realizing the strong and broad enhancement of second harmonic generation. Our results provide a new basis for the physical understanding and fine manipulation of nonlinear optical phenomena enhanced in plasmonic nanocavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Takahashi
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Atsunori Sakurai
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Laser-Driven Electron-Acceleration Technology Group, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayocho, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tatsuto Mochizuki
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sugimoto
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Laser-Driven Electron-Acceleration Technology Group, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayocho, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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3
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Asaithambi A, Kazemi Tofighi N, Ghini M, Curreli N, Schuck PJ, Kriegel I. Energy transfer and charge transfer between semiconducting nanocrystals and transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:7717-7730. [PMID: 37199319 PMCID: PMC10281493 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01125a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, as a result of the emergence of low-dimensional hybrid structures, the scientific community is interested in their interfacial carrier dynamics, including charge transfer and energy transfer. By combining the potential of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and nanocrystals (NCs) with low-dimensional extension, hybrid structures of semiconducting nanoscale matter can lead to fascinating new technological scenarios. Their characteristics make them intriguing candidates for electronic and optoelectronic devices, like transistors or photodetectors, bringing with them challenges but also opportunities. Here, we will review recent research on the combined TMD/NC hybrid system with an emphasis on two major interaction mechanisms: energy transfer and charge transfer. With a focus on the quantum well nature in these hybrid semiconductors, we will briefly highlight state-of-the-art protocols for their structure formation and discuss the interaction mechanisms of energy versus charge transfer, before concluding with a perspective section that highlights novel types of interactions between NCs and TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Asaithambi
- Functional Nanosystems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy.
| | - Nastaran Kazemi Tofighi
- Functional Nanosystems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy.
| | - Michele Ghini
- Functional Nanosystems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy.
- Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Curreli
- Functional Nanosystems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy.
| | - P James Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ilka Kriegel
- Functional Nanosystems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy.
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Koo Y, Lee H, Ivanova T, Savelev RS, Petrov MI, Kravtsov V, Park KD. Nanocavity-Integrated van der Waals Heterobilayers for Nano-excitonic Transistor. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4854-4861. [PMID: 36857198 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical computing with optical transistors has emerged as a possible solution to the exponentially growing computational workloads, yet an on-chip nano-optical modulation remains a challenge due to the intrinsically noninteracting nature of photons in addition to the diffraction limit. Here, we present an all-optical approach toward nano-excitonic transistors using an atomically thin WSe2/Mo0.5W0.5Se2 heterobilayer inside a plasmonic tip-based nanocavity. Through optical wavefront shaping, we selectively modulate tip-enhanced photoluminescence (TEPL) responses of intra- and interlayer excitons in a ∼25 nm2 area, demonstrating the enabling concept of an ultrathin 2-bit nano-excitonic transistor. We suggest a simple theoretical model describing the underlying adaptive TEPL modulation mechanism, which relies on the additional spatial degree of freedom provided by the presence of the plasmonic tip. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate a concept of a 2-trit nano-excitonic transistor, which can provide a technical basis for processing the massive amounts of data generated by emerging artificial intelligence technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjeong Koo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongwoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tatiana Ivanova
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Roman S Savelev
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Mihail I Petrov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Vasily Kravtsov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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5
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Rho Y, Yoo S, Durham DB, Kang D, Minor AM, Grigoropoulos CP. Plasmonic Nonlinear Energy Transfer Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation Nanoscopy. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1843-1849. [PMID: 36847852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical response is a fingerprint of various physicochemical properties of materials related to symmetry, including crystallography, interfacial configuration, and carrier dynamics. However, the intrinsically weak nonlinear optical susceptibility and the diffraction limit of far-field optics restrict probing deep-subwavelength-scale nonlinear optics with measurable signal-to-noise ratio. Here, we propose an alternative approach toward efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) nanoscopy for SHG-active sample (zinc oxide nanowire; ZnO NW) using an SHG-active plasmonic nanotip. Our full-wave simulation suggests that the experimentally observed high near-field SHG contrast is possible when the nonlinear response of ZnO NW is enhanced and/or that of the tip is suppressed. This result suggests possible evidence of quantum mechanical nonlinear energy transfer between the tip and the sample, modifying the nonlinear optical susceptibility. Further, this process probes the nanoscale corrosion of ZnO NW, demonstrating potential use in studying various physicochemical phenomena in nanoscale resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsoo Rho
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Physical & Life Sciences and NIF & Photon Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - SeokJae Yoo
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel B Durham
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - DongJun Kang
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew M Minor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Costas P Grigoropoulos
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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6
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Lightwave nano-converging enhancement by an arrayed optical antenna based on metallic nano-cone-tips for CMOS imaging detection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15761. [PMID: 36131000 PMCID: PMC9492716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A kind of gold-coated glass nano-cone-tips (GGNCTs) is developed as an arrayed optical antenna for highly receiving and converging incident lightwaves. A local light field enhancement factor (LFEF) of ~ 2 × 104 and maximum light absorption of ~ 98% can be achieved. The near-field lightwave measurements at the wavelength of 633 nm show that the surface net charges over a single GGNCT make a typical dipole oscillation and the energy transmits along the wave vector orientation, thus leading to a strong local light field enhancement. An effective detection method by near-field coupling an arrayed GGNCT and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensor for highly efficient imaging detection is proposed. The lightwave detection at several wavelengths, including typical 473 nm, 532 nm, 671 nm, and 980 nm, shows a notable characteristic that a better capability of the net charge distribution adjusting and localized aggregating can be obtained at the absorption peak of the GGNCT developed and a stronger signal detection achieved. The research lays a foundation for further developing a light detector with an ideal optoelectronic sensitivity and broad spectral suitability, which is based on integrating GGNCTs as an arrayed optical antenna with common sensors.
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7
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Lu F, Zhang W, Sun L, Mei T, Yuan X. Enhancing electromagnetic field gradient in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with a perfect radially polarized beam. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:21377-21385. [PMID: 36224858 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is a promising label-free super-resolving imaging technique, and the electric field gradient of nanofocusing plays a role in TERS performance. In this paper, we theoretically investigated the enhancement and manipulation of the electric field gradient in a bottom-illumination TERS configuration through a tightly focused perfect radially polarized beam (PRPB). Improvement and manipulation in electric field enhancement and field gradient of the gap-plasmon mode between a plasmonic tip and a virtual surface plasmons (SPs) probe are achieved by adjusting the ring radius of the incident PRPB. Our results demonstrate that the method of optimizing the ring radius of PRPB is to make the illumination angle of incident light as close to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) excitation angle as possible. Under the excitation of optimal parameters, more than 10 folds improvement of field enhancement and 3 times of field gradient of the gap-plasmon mode is realized compared with that of the conventional focused RPB. By this feat, our results indicate that such a method can further enhance the gradient Raman mode in TERS. We envision that the proposed method, to achieve the dynamic manipulation and enhancement of the nanofocusing field and field gradient, can be more broadly used to control light-matter interactions and extend the reach of tip-enhanced spectroscopy.
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8
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Gray TP, Nishida J, Johnson SC, Raschke MB. 2D Vibrational Exciton Nanoimaging of Domain Formation in Self-Assembled Monolayers. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5754-5759. [PMID: 34156252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Order, disorder, and domains affect many of the functional properties in self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). However, carrier transport, wettability, and chemical reactivity are often associated with collective effects, where conventional imaging techniques have limited sensitivity to the underlying intermolecular coupling. Here we demonstrate vibrational excitons as a molecular ruler of intermolecular wave function delocalization and nanodomain size in SAMs. In the model system of a 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) SAM on gold, we resolve coupling-induced peak shifts of the nitro symmetric stretch mode with full spatio-spectral infrared scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy. From modeling of the underlying 2D Hamiltonian, we infer domain sizes and their distribution ranging from 3 to 12 nm across a field of view on the micrometer scale. This approach of vibrational exciton nanoimaging is generally applicable to study structural phases and domains in SAMs and other molecular interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Gray
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jun Nishida
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Samuel C Johnson
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Abstract
Tip-enhanced nano-spectroscopy, such as tip-enhanced photoluminescence (TEPL) and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), generally suffers from inconsistent signal enhancement and difficulty in polarization-resolved measurement. To address this problem, we present adaptive tip-enhanced nano-spectroscopy optimizing the nano-optical vector-field at the tip apex. Specifically, we demonstrate dynamic wavefront shaping of the excitation field to effectively couple light to the tip and adaptively control for enhanced sensitivity and polarization-controlled TEPL and TERS. Employing a sequence feedback algorithm, we achieve ~4.4 × 104-fold TEPL enhancement of a WSe2 monolayer which is >2× larger than the normal TEPL intensity without wavefront shaping. In addition, with dynamical near-field polarization control in TERS, we demonstrate the investigation of conformational heterogeneity of brilliant cresyl blue molecules and the controllable observation of IR-active modes due to a large gradient field effect. Adaptive tip-enhanced nano-spectroscopy thus provides for a systematic approach towards computational nanoscopy making optical nano-imaging more robust and widely deployable. Tip-enhanced nano-spectroscopy suffers from inconsistent signal and difficulty in polarization-resolved measurement. Here, the authors present adaptive tip-enhanced nano-spectroscopy, which enables the additional signal enhancement and near-field polarization control via dynamic wavefront shaping.
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Yao Z, Chen X, Wehmeier L, Xu S, Shao Y, Zeng Z, Liu F, Mcleod AS, Gilbert Corder SN, Tsuneto M, Shi W, Wang Z, Zheng W, Bechtel HA, Carr GL, Martin MC, Zettl A, Basov DN, Chen X, Eng LM, Kehr SC, Liu M. Probing subwavelength in-plane anisotropy with antenna-assisted infrared nano-spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2649. [PMID: 33976184 PMCID: PMC8113487 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Infrared nano-spectroscopy based on scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) is commonly employed to probe the vibrational fingerprints of materials at the nanometer length scale. However, due to the elongated and axisymmetric tip shank, s-SNOM is less sensitive to the in-plane sample anisotropy in general. In this article, we report an easy-to-implement method to probe the in-plane dielectric responses of materials with the assistance of a metallic disk micro-antenna. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we investigate here the in-plane phonon responses of two prototypical samples, i.e. in (100) sapphire and x-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO3). In particular, the sapphire in-plane vibrations between 350 cm-1 to 800 cm-1 that correspond to LO phonon modes along the crystal b- and c-axis are determined with a spatial resolution of < λ/10, without needing any fitting parameters. In LiNbO3, we identify the in-plane orientation of its optical axis via the phonon modes, demonstrating that our method can be applied without prior knowledge of the crystal orientation. Our method can be elegantly adapted to retrieve the in-plane anisotropic response of a broad range of materials, i.e. subwavelength microcrystals, van-der-Waals materials, or topological insulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Yao
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Lukas Wehmeier
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257ct.qmat, Dresden-Würzburg Cluster of Excellence-EXC 2147, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Suheng Xu
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Yinming Shao
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Zimeng Zeng
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanwei Liu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Alexander S. Mcleod
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Stephanie N. Gilbert Corder
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Makoto Tsuneto
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Wu Shi
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihang Wang
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Wenjun Zheng
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Hans A. Bechtel
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - G. L. Carr
- grid.202665.50000 0001 2188 4229National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - Michael C. Martin
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Alex Zettl
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - D. N. Basov
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Xi Chen
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lukas M. Eng
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257ct.qmat, Dresden-Würzburg Cluster of Excellence-EXC 2147, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne C. Kehr
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mengkun Liu
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA ,grid.202665.50000 0001 2188 4229National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
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Cui T, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Bai B, Sun HB. Near-field nonlinear imaging of an anapole mode beyond diffraction limit. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:2095-2098. [PMID: 33929427 DOI: 10.1364/ol.418664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear nanophotonics, as an emerging field in nanophotonics, eagerly calls for experimental techniques for probing and analyzing near-field nonlinear optical signals with subwavelength resolution. Here, we report an aperture-type scanning near-field optical microscopic method for probing near-field nonlinear optical processes. As a demonstration, near-field third-harmonic generation from an anapole dark-mode state generated by a silicon nanodisk is probed and imaged. The measured results agree well with the simulations, with a spatial resolution down to $0.14{\lambda _0}$ and a sensitivity of 0.1 nW. This method provides a powerful tool for characterizing nonlinear light-matter interactions at the nanoscale, which can help, for example, to unveil crystal properties involving subwavelength defects or dislocations.
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May MA, Jiang T, Du C, Park KD, Xu X, Belyanin A, Raschke MB. Nanocavity Clock Spectroscopy: Resolving Competing Exciton Dynamics in WSe 2/MoSe 2 Heterobilayers. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:522-528. [PMID: 33301334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal dichalcogenide heterostructures are an emergent platform for novel many-body states from exciton condensates to nanolasers. However, their exciton dynamics are difficult to disentangle due to multiple competing processes with time scales varying over many orders of magnitude. Using a configurable nano-optical cavity based on a plasmonic scanning probe tip, the radiative (rad) and nonradiative (nrad) relaxation of intra- and interlayer excitons is controlled. Tuning their relative rates in a WSe2/MoSe2 heterobilayer over 6 orders of magnitude in tip-enhanced photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals a cavity-induced crossover from nonradiative quenching to Purcell-enhanced radiation. Rate equation modeling with the interlayer charge transfer time as a reference clock allows for a comprehensive determination from the long interlayer exciton (IX) radiative lifetime τIXrad = (94 ± 27) ns to the 5 orders of magnitude faster competing nonradiative lifetime τIXnrad = (0.6 ± 0.2) ps. This approach of nanocavity clock spectroscopy is generally applicable to a wide range of excitonic systems with competing decay pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A May
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chenfeng Du
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, Washington, United States
| | - Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, Washington, United States
| | - Alexey Belyanin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, Texas, United States
| | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
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Liu M. Growth of Nanostructured Silver Flowers by Metal-Mediated Catalysis for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Application. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32655-32659. [PMID: 33376902 PMCID: PMC7758958 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Metallic flowers with nanoscale surface roughness can provide a platform for highly sensitive and reproductive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Here, we present a method to grow a nanostructured silver flower (NSF) at the apex of a plasmonic tip based on metal-mediated catalysis, where the NSF was rapidly generated in no more than 1 min. The NSF was used as the SERS substrate under linear polarization beam (LPB) excitation to achieve a 10-9 M detection sensitivity for the malachite green analyte. The reproducibility for SERS is examined to have been guaranteed by comparing Raman intensity enhanced by different NSFs. Compared with the LPB, the azimuthal vector beam (AVB) excitation can further improve the SERS activity of the NSF, which is consistent with the simulation result that the gap mode can be effectively generated between two adjacent Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and between the NPs and the Ag pyramids on the surface of the NSF under AVB illumination. This work makes it promising for plasmonic tip-mediated catalysis to be applied in nanofabrication, the products of which can be further exploited in nanostructure-based ultrasensitive detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School
of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary
Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology,
School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
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14
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Aminpour H, Eng LM, Kehr SC. Spatially confined vector fields at material-induced resonances in near-field-coupled systems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:32316-32330. [PMID: 33114920 DOI: 10.1364/oe.402893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Local electric fields play the key role in near-field optical examinations and are especially appealing when exploring heterogeneous or even anisotropic nano-systems. Scattering-type near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) is the most commonly used method applied to explore and quantify such confined electric fields at the nanometer length scale: while most works so far did focus on analyzing the z-component oriented perpendicular to the sample surface under p-polarized tip/sample illumination only, recent experimental efforts in s-SNOM report that material resonant excitation might equally allow to probe in-plane electric field components. We thus explore this local vector-field behavior for a simple particle-tip/substrate system by comparing our parametric simulations based on finite element modelling at mid-IR wavelengths, to the standard analytical tip-dipole model. Notably, we analyze all the 4 different combinations for resonant and non-resonant tip and/or sample excitation. Besides the 3-dimensional field confinement under the particle tip present for all scenarios, it is particularly the resonant sample excitations that enable extremely strong field enhancements associated with vector fields pointing along all cartesian coordinates, even without breaking the tip/sample symmetry! In fact, in-plane (s-) resonant sample excitation exceeds the commonly-used p-polarized illumination on non-resonant samples by more than 6 orders of magnitude. Moreover, a variety of different spatial field distributions is found both at and within the sample surface, ranging from electric fields that are oriented strictly perpendicular to the sample surface, to fields that spatially rotate into different directions. Our approach shows that accessing the full vector fields in order to quantify all tensorial properties in nanoscale and modern-type materials lies well within the possibilities and scope of today's s-SNOM technique.
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15
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Li CC, Shi P, Du LP, Yuan XC. Mapping the near-field spin angular momenta in the structured surface plasmon polariton field. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:13674-13679. [PMID: 32573606 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00618a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical spin angular momenta in a confined electromagnetic field exhibit a remarkable difference with their free space counterparts; in particular, the optical transverse spin that is locked with the energy propagating direction lays the foundation for many intriguing physical effects such as unidirectional transportation, quantum spin Hall effects, photonic Skyrmions, etc. In order to investigate the underlying physics behind the spin-orbit interactions as well as to develop the optical spin-based applications, it is crucial to uncover the spin texture in a confined field, yet it faces challenges due to their chiral and near-field vectorial features. Here, we propose a scanning imaging technique which can map the near-field distributions of the optical spin angular momenta with an achiral dielectric nanosphere. The spin angular momentum component normal to the interface can be uncovered experimentally by employing the proposed scanning imaging technique and the three-dimensional spin vector can be reconstructed theoretically with the experimental results. The experiment is demonstrated on the example of surface plasmon polaritons excited with various vector vortex beams under a tight-focusing configuration, where the spin-orbit interaction emerges clearly. The proposed method, which can be utilized to reconstruct the photonic Skyrmion and other photonic topological structures, is straightforward and of high precision, and hence it is expected to be valuable for the study of near-field spin optics and topological photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Li
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology & Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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16
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Park KD, May MA, Leng H, Wang J, Kropp JA, Gougousi T, Pelton M, Raschke MB. Tip-enhanced strong coupling spectroscopy, imaging, and control of a single quantum emitter. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav5931. [PMID: 31309142 PMCID: PMC6625822 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav5931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Optical cavities can enhance and control light-matter interactions. This level of control has recently been extended to the nanoscale with single emitter strong coupling even at room temperature using plasmonic nanostructures. However, emitters in static geometries, limit the ability to tune the coupling strength or to couple different emitters to the same cavity. Here, we present tip-enhanced strong coupling (TESC) with a nanocavity formed between a scanning plasmonic antenna tip and the substrate. By reversibly and dynamically addressing single quantum dots, we observe mode splitting up to 160 meV and anticrossing over a detuning range of ~100 meV, and with subnanometer precision over the deep subdiffraction-limited mode volume. Thus, TESC enables previously inaccessible control over emitter-nanocavity coupling and mode volume based on near-field microscopy. This opens pathways to induce, probe, and control single-emitter plasmon hybrid quantum states for applications from optoelectronics to quantum information science at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Molly A. May
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Haixu Leng
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Jiarong Wang
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jaron A. Kropp
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Theodosia Gougousi
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Matthew Pelton
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Markus B. Raschke
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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17
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Papkov D, Delpouve N, Delbreilh L, Araujo S, Stockdale T, Mamedov S, Maleckis K, Zou Y, Andalib MN, Dargent E, Dravid VP, Holt MV, Pellerin C, Dzenis YA. Quantifying Polymer Chain Orientation in Strong and Tough Nanofibers with Low Crystallinity: Toward Next Generation Nanostructured Superfibers. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4893-4927. [PMID: 31038925 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Advanced fibers revolutionized structural materials in the second half of the 20th century. However, all high-strength fibers developed to date are brittle. Recently, pioneering simultaneous ultrahigh strength and toughness were discovered in fine (<250 nm) individual electrospun polymer nanofibers (NFs). This highly desirable combination of properties was attributed to high macromolecular chain alignment coupled with low crystallinity. Quantitative analysis of the degree of preferred chain orientation will be crucial for control of NF mechanical properties. However, quantification of supramolecular nanoarchitecture in NFs with low crystallinity in the ultrafine diameter range is highly challenging. Here, we discuss the applicability of traditional as well as emerging methods for quantification of polymer chain orientation in nanoscale one-dimensional samples. Advantages and limitations of different techniques are critically evaluated on experimental examples. It is shown that straightforward application of some of the techniques to sub-wavelength-diameter NFs can lead to severe quantitative and even qualitative artifacts. Sources of such size-related artifacts, stemming from instrumental, materials, and geometric phenomena at the nanoscale, are analyzed on the example of polarized Raman method but are relevant to other spectroscopic techniques. A proposed modified, artifact-free method is demonstrated. Outstanding issues and their proposed solutions are discussed. The results provide guidance for accurate nanofiber characterization to improve fundamental understanding and accelerate development of nanofibers and related nanostructured materials produced by electrospinning or other methods. We expect that the discussion in this review will also be useful to studies of many biological systems that exhibit nanofilamentary architectures and combinations of high strength and toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry Papkov
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0526 , United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0298 , United States
| | - Nicolas Delpouve
- Département Systèmes Désordonnés et Polymères, Equipe Internationale de Recherche et de Caractérisation des Amorphes et des Polymères , Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA ROUEN, CNRS, GPM , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Laurent Delbreilh
- Département Systèmes Désordonnés et Polymères, Equipe Internationale de Recherche et de Caractérisation des Amorphes et des Polymères , Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA ROUEN, CNRS, GPM , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Steven Araujo
- Département Systèmes Désordonnés et Polymères, Equipe Internationale de Recherche et de Caractérisation des Amorphes et des Polymères , Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA ROUEN, CNRS, GPM , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Taylor Stockdale
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0526 , United States
| | - Sergey Mamedov
- Division of HORIBA Instruments, Inc. , HORIBA Scientific , 20 Knightsbridge Road , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Kaspars Maleckis
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0526 , United States
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0526 , United States
| | - Mohammad Nahid Andalib
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0526 , United States
| | - Eric Dargent
- Département Systèmes Désordonnés et Polymères, Equipe Internationale de Recherche et de Caractérisation des Amorphes et des Polymères , Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA ROUEN, CNRS, GPM , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Martin V Holt
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Christian Pellerin
- Département de chimie , Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC H3C 3J7 , Canada
| | - Yuris A Dzenis
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0526 , United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0298 , United States
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18
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Kharintsev SS, Gazizov AR, Salakhov MK, Kazarian SG. Near-field depolarization of tip-enhanced Raman scattering by single azo-chromophores. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:24088-24098. [PMID: 30204183 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04887h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic symmetry and orientation of single molecules play a crucial role in enhanced optical spectroscopy and nanoscopic imaging. Unlike bulk materials, in which all molecular orientations are unavoidably averaged in the far-field, intensities of vibrational modes in tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) depend greatly on the polarization direction of near-field light. It means that a near-field Raman "dichroism" becomes possible for anisotropic single molecules. Quantitative evaluation of the molecular orientation gets complicated by the depolarization of TERS intensities. Clearly, the depolarization effect is enhanced with an optical antenna and/or a substrate due to their anisotropic origin. In this study, we provide theoretical and experimental insights into Raman tensors of a single azobenzene chromophore, a Disperse Orange 3 (DO3) molecule, supported with a glass base. It is shown that the Raman intensities of the spectral bands corresponding to symmetric and antisymmetric vibrations of the DO3 molecule, for example, -NO2 and -NH2 moieties, behave differently on the nanoscale. In particular, three-dimensional far- and near-field Raman diagrams indicate that antisymmetric vibrations become highly depolarized, whereas symmetric vibrations remain unchangeable but intensities of their spectral bands are enhanced. Here, we introduce a near-field depolarization factor defined as a normalized discrepancy of longitudinal and transverse TERS signals. We believe that our first steps will ultimately lead to advanced facilities of TERS spectroscopy and nanoscopy, related to the orientation of anisotropic single molecules and their symmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey S Kharintsev
- Department of Optics and Nanophotonics, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 16, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
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