1
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Shcherbakov D, Voigt G, Memaran S, Liu GB, Wang Q, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Smirnov D, Balicas L, Zhang F, Lau CN. Giant Tunability of Intersubband Transitions and Quantum Hall Quartets in Few-Layer InSe Quantum Wells. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3851-3857. [PMID: 38502010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
A two-dimensional (2D) quantum electron system is characterized by quantized energy levels, or subbands, in the out-of-plane direction. Populating higher subbands and controlling the intersubband transitions have wide technological applications such as optical modulators and quantum cascade lasers. In conventional materials, however, the tunability of intersubband spacing is limited. Here we demonstrate electrostatic population and characterization of the second subband in few-layer InSe quantum wells, with giant tunability of its energy, population, and spin-orbit coupling strength, via the control of not only layer thickness but also the out-of-plane displacement field. A modulation of as much as 350% or over 250 meV is achievable, underscoring the promise of InSe for tunable infrared and THz sources, detectors, and modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Shcherbakov
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43221, United States
| | - Greyson Voigt
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43221, United States
| | - Shahriar Memaran
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Gui-Bin Liu
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Qiyue Wang
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Dmitry Smirnov
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Luis Balicas
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Chun Ning Lau
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43221, United States
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2
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Kwon D, Kwak Y, Lee D, Jo W, Cho BG, Koo TY, Song J. Strong Rashba parameter of two-dimensional electron gas at CaZrO 3/SrTiO 3 heterointerface. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15927. [PMID: 37741927 PMCID: PMC10517959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We synthesized a CaZrO3/SrTiO3 oxide heterostructure, which can serve as an alternative to LaAlO3/SrTiO3, and confirmed the generation of 2-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) at the heterointerface. We analyzed the electrical-transport properties of the 2-DEG to elucidate its intrinsic characteristics. Based on the magnetic field dependence of resistance at 2 K, which exhibited Weak Anti-localization (WAL) behaviors, the fitted Rashba parameter values were found to be about 12-15 × 10-12 eV*m. These values are stronger than the previous reported Rashba parameters obtained from the 2-DEGs in other heterostructure systems and several layered 2D materials. The observed strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is attributed to the strong internal electric field generated by the lattice mismatch between the CaZrO3 layer and SrTiO3 substrate. This pioneering strong SOC of the 2-DEG at the CaZrO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface may play a pivotal role in the developing future metal oxide-based quantum nanoelectronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duhyuk Kwon
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsu Kwak
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Doopyo Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonkeun Jo
- The Division of Computer Convergence, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Gwan Cho
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yeong Koo
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Song
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Quantum Systems (IQS), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Liu T, Xiang D, Ng HK, Han Z, Hippalgaonkar K, Suwardi A, Martin J, Garaj S, Wu J. Modulation of Spin Dynamics in 2D Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide via Strain-Driven Symmetry Breaking. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200816. [PMID: 35491496 PMCID: PMC9284128 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) possess intrinsic spin-orbit interaction (SOI) with high potential to be exploited for various quantum phenomena. SOI allows the manipulation of spin degree of freedom by controlling the carrier's orbital motion via mechanical strain. Here, strain modulated spin dynamics in bilayer MoS2 field-effect transistors (FETs) fabricated on crested substrates are demonstrated. Weak antilocalization (WAL) is observed at moderate carrier concentrations, indicating additional spin relaxation path caused by strain fields arising from substrate crests. The spin lifetime is found to be inversely proportional to the momentum relaxation time, which follows the Dyakonov-Perel spin relaxation mechanism. Moreover, the spin-orbit splitting is obtained as 37.5 ± 1.4 meV, an order of magnitude larger than the theoretical prediction for monolayer MoS2 , suggesting the strain enhanced spin-lattice coupling. The work demonstrates strain engineering as a promising approach to manipulate spin degree of freedom toward new functional quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation CenterFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Du Xiang
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System & Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation CenterFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Hong Kuan Ng
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency for Science, Technology and Research2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03Singapore138634Singapore
| | - Zichao Han
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation CenterFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Kedar Hippalgaonkar
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency for Science, Technology and Research2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03Singapore138634Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Ady Suwardi
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency for Science, Technology and Research2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03Singapore138634Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1SingaporeSingapore117575Singapore
| | - Jens Martin
- Leibniz‐Institut für KristallzüchtungMax Born Str 2Berlin12489Germany
| | - Slaven Garaj
- Department of PhysicsNational University of Singapore, SingaporeScience Drive 3Singapore117551Singapore
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117583Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1SingaporeSingapore117575Singapore
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency for Science, Technology and Research2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03Singapore138634Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1SingaporeSingapore117575Singapore
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4
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Spin-orbit coupling in buckled monolayer nitrogene. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3201. [PMID: 35217687 PMCID: PMC8881460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Buckled monolayer nitrogene has been recently predicted to be stable above the room temperature. The low atomic number of nitrogen atom suggests, that spin–orbit coupling in nitrogene is weak, similar to graphene or silicene. We employ first principles calculations and perform a systematic study of the intrinsic and extrinsic spin–orbit coupling in this material. We calculate the spin mixing parameter \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\Omega$$\end{document}Ω is also anisotropic, in particular for the conduction electrons.
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5
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Tai CT, Chiu PY, Liu CY, Kao HS, Harris CT, Lu TM, Hsieh CT, Chang SW, Li JY. Strain Effects on Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling of 2D Hole Gases in GeSn/Ge Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007862. [PMID: 34032320 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A demonstration of 2D hole gases in GeSn/Ge heterostructures with a mobility as high as 20 000 cm2 V-1 s-1 is given. Both the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations and integer quantum Hall effect are observed, indicating high sample quality. The Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is investigated via magneto-transport. Further, a transition from weak localization to weak anti-localization is observed, which shows the tunability of the SOC strength by gating. The magneto-transport data are fitted to the Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka formula. The phase-coherence and spin-relaxation times, as well as spin-splitting energy and Rashba coefficient of the k-cubic term, are extracted. The analysis reveals that the effects of strain and confinement potential at a high fraction of Sn suppress the Rashba SOC caused by the GeSn/Ge heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Tse Tai
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-You Liu
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Shun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - C Thomas Harris
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Tzu-Ming Lu
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Chi-Ti Hsieh
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yun Li
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
- Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
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6
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Zhang Z, Yuan Y, Zhou W, Chen C, Yuan S, Zeng H, Fu YS, Zhang W. Strain-Induced Bandgap Enhancement of InSe Ultrathin Films with Self-Formed Two-Dimensional Electron Gas. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10700-10709. [PMID: 34080842 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin indium selenide (InSe) is a representative two-dimensional (2D) family that have recently attracted extensive interest for their intriguing emerging physics and potential optoelectronic applications with high-performance. Here, by utilizing molecular beam epitaxy and scanning tunneling microscopy, we report a controlled synthesis of InSe thin films down to the monolayer limit and characterization of their electronic properties at atomic scale. Highly versatile growth conditions are developed to fabricate well crystalline InSe films, with a reversible and controllable phase transformation between InSe and In2Se3. The band gap size of InSe films, as enhanced by quantum confinement, increases with decreasing film thickness. Near various categories of lattice imperfections, the band gap becomes significantly enlarged, resulting in a type-I band alignments for lateral heterojunctions. Such band gap enhancement, as unveiled from our first-principles calculations, is ascribed to the local compressive strain imposed by the lattice imperfections. Moreover, InSe films host highly conductive 2D electron gas, manifesting prominent quasiparticle scattering signatures. The 2D electron gas is self-formed via substrate doping of electrons, which shift the Fermi level above the confinement-quantized conduction band. Our study identifies InSe ultrathin film as an appealing system for both fundamental research and potential applications in nanoelectrics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimo Zhang
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Weiqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chen Chen
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shengjun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hualing Zeng
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ying-Shuang Fu
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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7
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Maryenko D, Kawamura M, Ernst A, Dugaev VK, Sherman EY, Kriener M, Bahramy MS, Kozuka Y, Kawasaki M. Interplay of spin-orbit coupling and Coulomb interaction in ZnO-based electron system. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3180. [PMID: 34039969 PMCID: PMC8155003 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23483-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is pivotal for various fundamental spin-dependent phenomena in solids and their technological applications. In semiconductors, these phenomena have been so far studied in relatively weak electron-electron interaction regimes, where the single electron picture holds. However, SOC can profoundly compete against Coulomb interaction, which could lead to the emergence of unconventional electronic phases. Since SOC depends on the electric field in the crystal including contributions of itinerant electrons, electron-electron interactions can modify this coupling. Here we demonstrate the emergence of the SOC effect in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron system in a simple band structure MgZnO/ZnO semiconductor. This electron system also features strong electron-electron interaction effects. By changing the carrier density with Mg-content, we tune the SOC strength and achieve its interplay with electron-electron interaction. These systems pave a way to emergent spintronic phenomena in strong electron correlation regimes and to the formation of quasiparticles with the electron spin strongly coupled to the density.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Maryenko
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science(CEMS), Wako, Japan.
| | - M Kawamura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science(CEMS), Wako, Japan
| | - A Ernst
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.,Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
| | - V K Dugaev
- Department of Physics and Medical Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - E Ya Sherman
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - M Kriener
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science(CEMS), Wako, Japan
| | - M S Bahramy
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Y Kozuka
- Research Center for Magnetic and Spintronic Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - M Kawasaki
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science(CEMS), Wako, Japan.,Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Liang X, Qin C, Gao Y, Han S, Zhang G, Chen R, Hu J, Xiao L, Jia S. Reversible engineering of spin-orbit splitting in monolayer MoS 2via laser irradiation under controlled gas atmospheres. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8966-8975. [PMID: 33970179 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00019e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, manifesting strong spin-orbit coupling combined with broken inversion symmetry, lead to coupling of spin and valley degrees of freedom. These unique features make them highly interesting for potential spintronic and valleytronic applications. However, engineering spin-orbit coupling at room temperature as demanded after device fabrication is still a great challenge for their practical applications. Here we reversibly engineer the spin-orbit coupling of monolayer MoS2 by laser irradiation under controlled gas environments, where the spin-orbit splitting has been effectively regulated within 140 meV to 200 meV. Furthermore, the photoluminescence intensity of the B exciton can be reversibly manipulated over 2 orders of magnitude. We attribute the engineering of spin-orbit splitting to the reduction of binding energy combined with band renormalization, originating from the enhanced absorption coefficient of monolayer MoS2 under inert gases and subsequently the significantly boosted carrier concentrations. Reflectance contrast spectra during the engineering stages provide unambiguous proof to support our interpretation. Our approach offers a new avenue to actively control the spin-orbit splitting in transition metal dichalcogenide materials at room temperature and paves the way for designing innovative spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Chengbing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China and Department of Physics, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Shuangping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Ruiyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jianyong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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9
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Fang D, Chen S, Li Y, Monserrat B. Direct band gap and strong Rashba effect in van der Waals heterostructures of InSe and Sb single layers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:155001. [PMID: 33418556 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abd9ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals heterostructures formed by stacking different types of 2D materials are attracting increasing attention due to new emergent physical properties such as interlayer excitons. Recently synthesized atomically thin indium selenide (InSe) and antimony (Sb) individually exhibit interesting electronic properties such as high electron mobility in the former and high hole mobility in the latter. In this work, we present a first-principles investigation on the stability and electronic properties of ultrathin bilayer heterostructures composed of InSe and Sb single layers. The calculated electronic band structures reveal a direct band gap semiconducting nature of the InSe/Sb heterostructures independent of stacking pattern. Taking spin-orbit coupling (SOC) into account, we find a large Rashba spin splitting at the bottom of conduction band, which originates from the atomic SOC with the symmetry breaking in the heterostructure. The strength of the Rashba spin splitting can be tuned by applying in-plane biaxial strain or an out-of-plane external electric field. The presence of large Rashba spin splitting together with a suitable band gap in InSe/Sb bilayer heterostructures make them promising candidates for spin field-effect transistor and optoelectronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dangqi Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Siyu Chen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Yaqi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bartomeu Monserrat
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
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10
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Shcherbakov D, Stepanov P, Memaran S, Wang Y, Xin Y, Yang J, Wei K, Baumbach R, Zheng W, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Bockrath M, Smirnov D, Siegrist T, Windl W, Balicas L, Lau CN. Layer- and gate-tunable spin-orbit coupling in a high-mobility few-layer semiconductor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/5/eabe2892. [PMID: 33514554 PMCID: PMC7846175 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is a relativistic effect, where an electron moving in an electric field experiences an effective magnetic field in its rest frame. In crystals without inversion symmetry, it lifts the spin degeneracy and leads to many magnetic, spintronic, and topological phenomena and applications. In bulk materials, SOC strength is a constant. Here, we demonstrate SOC and intrinsic spin splitting in atomically thin InSe, which can be modified over a broad range. From quantum oscillations, we establish that the SOC parameter α is thickness dependent; it can be continuously modulated by an out-of-plane electric field, achieving intrinsic spin splitting tunable between 0 and 20 meV. Unexpectedly, α could be enhanced by an order of magnitude in some devices, suggesting that SOC can be further manipulated. Our work highlights the extraordinary tunability of SOC in 2D materials, which can be harnessed for in operando spintronic and topological devices and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Shcherbakov
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Petr Stepanov
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shahriar Memaran
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Yaxian Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yan Xin
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kaya Wei
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Ryan Baumbach
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Wenkai Zheng
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Marc Bockrath
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dmitry Smirnov
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Theo Siegrist
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Wolfgang Windl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Luis Balicas
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Chun Ning Lau
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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11
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Wu N, Zhang XJ, Liu BG. Strain-enhanced giant Rashba spin splitting in ultrathin KTaO 3 films for spin-polarized photocurrents. RSC Adv 2020; 10:44088-44095. [PMID: 35517182 PMCID: PMC9058490 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08745a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong Rashba effects at semiconductor surfaces and interfaces have attracted great attention for basic scientific exploration and practical applications. Here, we show through first-principles investigation that applying biaxial stress can cause tunable and giant Rashba effects in ultrathin KTaO3 (KTO) (001) films with the most stable surfaces. When increasing the in-plane compressive strain to −5%, the Rashba spin splitting energy reaches ER = 140 meV, corresponding to the Rashba coupling constant αR = 1.3 eV Å. We investigate its strain-dependent crystal structures, energy bands, and related properties, and thereby elucidate the mechanism for the giant Rashba effects. Further calculations show that the giant Rashba spin splitting can remain or be enhanced when capping layer and/or Si substrate are added, and a SrTiO3 capping can make the Rashba spin splitting energy reach the record 190 meV. Furthermore, it is elucidated that strong circular photogalvanic effect can be achieved for spin-polarized photocurrents in the KTO thin films or related heterostructures, which is promising for future spintronic and optoelectronic applications. Strong Rashba effects at semiconductor surfaces and interfaces have attracted attention for exploration and applications. We show with first-principles investigation that applying biaxial stress can cause tunable and giant Rashba effects in ultrathin KTaO3 (KTO) (001) films.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China .,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xue-Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China .,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Bang-Gui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China .,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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12
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Kumar AS, Wang M, Li Y, Fujita R, Gao XPA. Interfacial Charge Transfer and Gate-Induced Hysteresis in Monochalcogenide InSe/GaSe Heterostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46854-46861. [PMID: 32955239 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructures of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals semiconductor materials offer a diverse playground for exploring fundamental physics and potential device applications. In InSe/GaSe heterostructures formed by sequential mechanical exfoliation and stacking of 2D monochalcogenides InSe and GaSe, we observe charge transfer between InSe and GaSe because of the 2D van der Waals interface formation and a strong hysteresis effect in the electron transport through the InSe layer when a gate voltage is applied through the GaSe layer. A gate voltage-dependent conductance decay rate is also observed. We relate these observations to the gate voltage-dependent dynamical charge transfer between InSe and GaSe layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Shankar Kumar
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 2076 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Mingyuan Wang
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 2076 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Yancheng Li
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 2076 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ryuji Fujita
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Xuan P A Gao
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 2076 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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13
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Ju W, Wang D, Li T, Zhang Y, Gao Z, Ren L, Li H, Gong S. Remarkable Rashba spin splitting induced by an asymmetrical internal electric field in polar III-VI chalcogenides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:9148-9156. [PMID: 32301938 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00627k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the Rashba spin orbit coupling (SOC) of polar group III-VI chalcogenide XABY (A, B = Ga, In; X ≠ Y = S, Se, Te) monolayers is investigated based on density functional theory. The different electronegativities of X and Y atoms lead to an asymmetrical internal electric field in the XABY monolayer; this implies that the internal electric field between A and X is not equal to that between B and Y. Mirror symmetry breaking in the XABY monolayer induces a remarkable Rashba spin splitting (RSS) at the conduction band minimum (CBM). Moreover, it is demonstrated that an external electric field and an in-plane biaxial strain can affect the internal electric field by varying the charge distribution, and this further manipulates the RSS. Under a positive external electric field and tensile strain, the RSS at the CBM exhibits a near-linear increasing behavior, whereas under a negative external electric field and compressive strain, the RSS displays a monotonous decreasing pattern. In addition, we explored the influence of interlayer coupling and substrate on the RSS. The stacking pattern of bilayer structures has a significant impact on the RSS. The investigation of SInGaSe on the Si(111) substrate suggests that the Rashba band is situated inside the large band gap of the substrate. Overall, our investigations suggest that the polar group III-VI chalcogenides are promising candidates for future spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Ju
- College of Physics and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Energy Storage Materials and Applications, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China. and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- College of Physics and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Energy Storage Materials and Applications, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Tongwei Li
- College of Physics and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Energy Storage Materials and Applications, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Physics and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Energy Storage Materials and Applications, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Zijian Gao
- College of Physics and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Energy Storage Materials and Applications, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Lixian Ren
- College of Physics and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Energy Storage Materials and Applications, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Haisheng Li
- College of Physics and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Energy Storage Materials and Applications, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Shijing Gong
- Department of Optoelectrics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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14
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Ju W, Wang D, Li T, Wang H, Zhou Q, Xu Y, Li H, Gong S. Electric field control of Rashba spin splitting in 2D N IIIX VI (N = Ga, In; X = S, Se, Te) monolayer. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:175503. [PMID: 31935706 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab6b88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spin splitting of the nonmagnetic two dimensional (2D) layered NIIIXVI (N = Ga, In; X = S, Se, Te) monolayer is investigated based on the density functional theory. Due to the mirror symmetry, there is no Rashba spin splitting (RSS) in the freestanding NX plane. It is found that applying the external electric field perpendicular to the NX plane can result in sizable RSS around the Γ point due to the mirror symmetry breaking. The induced RSS is mainly influenced by the anions X and gradually strengthens with the increase of external electric field. The considerable RSS is observed in NTe systems. Moreover, the influence of in-plane biaxial strain on RSS is explored, and the tensile strain can enhance the RSS, especially for those bands around the Fermi level. Our theoretical investigation provides a deep insight in spin splitting behaviors in NX monolayers and agrees well with the experimental report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Ju
- College of Physics and Engineering and Henan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Energy Storage Materials and Applications, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, People's Republic of China. State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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15
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Liu H, Bao L, Zhou Z, Che B, Zhang R, Bian C, Ma R, Wu L, Yang H, Li J, Gu C, Shen CM, Du S, Gao HJ. Quasi-2D Transport and Weak Antilocalization Effect in Few-layered VSe 2. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:4551-4559. [PMID: 31241975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC), ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) transitional metal chalcogenides (TMDs) are predicted to exhibit weak antilocalization (WAL) effect at low temperatures. The observation of WAL effect in VSe2 is challenging due to the relative weak SOC and three-dimensional (3D) transport nature in thick VSe2. Here, we report on the observation of quasi-2D transport and WAL effect in sublimed-salt-assisted low-temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown few-layered high-quality VSe2 nanosheets. The WAL magnitudes in magnetoconductance can be perfectly fitted by the 2D Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka (HLN) equation in the presence of strong SOC, by which the spin-orbit scattering length lSO and phase coherence length lϕ have been extracted. The phase coherence length lϕ shows a power law dependence with temperature, lϕ∼ T-1/2, revealing an electron-electron interaction-dominated dephasing mechanism. Such sublimed-salt-assisted growth of high-quality few-layered VSe2 and the observation of WAL pave the way for future spintronic and valleytronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Liu
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Lihong Bao
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory , Dongguan , Guangdong 523808 , P. R. China
| | - Zhang Zhou
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Bingyu Che
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Ruizi Zhang
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Ce Bian
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Ruisong Ma
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Liangmei Wu
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Haifang Yang
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Junjie Li
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Changzhi Gu
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Min Shen
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory , Dongguan , Guangdong 523808 , P. R. China
| | - Shixuan Du
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory , Dongguan , Guangdong 523808 , P. R. China
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China
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16
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Meng M, Huang S, Tan C, Wu J, Li X, Peng H, Xu HQ. Universal conductance fluctuations and phase-coherent transport in a semiconductor Bi 2O 2Se nanoplate with strong spin-orbit interaction. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:10622-10628. [PMID: 31139797 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02347j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on phase-coherent transport studies of a Bi2O2Se nanoplate and on observation of universal conductance fluctuations and spin-orbit interaction induced reduction in fluctuation amplitude in the nanoplate. Thin-layered Bi2O2Se nanoplates are grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and transport measurements are made on a Hall-bar device fabricated from a CVD-grown nanoplate. The measurements show weak antilocalization at low magnetic fields at low temperatures, as a result of spin-orbit interaction, and a crossover toward weak localization with increasing temperature. Temperature dependences of characteristic transport lengths, such as spin relaxation length, phase coherence length, and mean free path, are extracted from the low-field measurement data. Universal conductance fluctuations are visible in the low-temperature magnetoconductance over a large range of magnetic fields and the phase coherence length extracted from the autocorrelation function is consistent with the result obtained from the weak localization analysis. More importantly, we find a strong reduction in amplitude of the universal conductance fluctuations and show that the results agree with the analysis assuming strong spin-orbit interaction in the Bi2O2Se nanoplate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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17
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Premasiri K, Gao XPA. Tuning spin-orbit coupling in 2D materials for spintronics: a topical review. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:193001. [PMID: 30726777 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab04c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atomically-thin 2D materials have opened up new opportunities in the past decade in realizing novel electronic device concepts, owing to their unusual electronic properties. The recent progress made in the aspect of utilizing additional degrees of freedom of the electrons such as spin and valley suggests that 2D materials have a significant potential in replacing current electronic-charge-based semiconductor technology with spintronics and valleytronics. For spintronics, spin-orbit coupling plays a key role in manipulating the electrons' spin degree of freedom to encode and process information, and there are a host of recent studies exploring this facet of 2D materials. We review the recent advances in tuning spin-orbit coupling of 2D materials which are of notable importance to the progression of spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasun Premasiri
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 2076 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
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18
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Zhong C, Sangwan VK, Kang J, Luxa J, Sofer Z, Hersam MC, Weiss EA. Hot Carrier and Surface Recombination Dynamics in Layered InSe Crystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:493-499. [PMID: 30642181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Layered indium selenide (InSe) is a van der Waals solid that has emerged as a promising material for high-performance ultrathin solar cells. The optoelectronic parameters that are critical to photoconversion efficiencies, such as hot carrier lifetime and surface recombination velocity, are however largely unexplored in InSe. Here, these key photophysical properties of layered InSe are measured with femtosecond transient reflection spectroscopy. The hot carrier cooling process is found to occur through phonon scattering. The surface recombination velocity and ambipolar diffusion coefficient are extracted from fits to the pump energy-dependent transient reflection kinetics using a free carrier diffusion model. The extracted surface recombination velocity is approximately an order of magnitude larger than that for methylammonium lead-iodide perovskites, suggesting that surface recombination is a principal source of photocarrier loss in InSe. The extracted ambipolar diffusion coefficient is consistent with previously reported values of InSe carrier mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmei Zhong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Vinod K Sangwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Joohoon Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Jan Luxa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Technicka 5 , 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Technicka 5 , 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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19
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Remote Phonon Scattering in Two-Dimensional InSe FETs with High- κ Gate Stack. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9120674. [PMID: 30572574 PMCID: PMC6316064 DOI: 10.3390/mi9120674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This work focuses on the effect of remote phonon arising from the substrate and high-κ gate dielectric on electron mobility in two-dimensional (2D) InSe field-effect transistors (FETs). The electrostatic characteristic under quantum confinement is derived by self-consistently solving the Poisson and Schrödinger equations using the effective mass approximation. Then mobility is calculated by the Kubo–Greenwood formula accounting for the remote phonon scattering (RPS) as well as the intrinsic phonon scatterings, including the acoustic phonon, homopolar phonon, optical phonon scatterings, and Fröhlich interaction. Using the above method, the mobility degradation due to remote phonon is comprehensively explored in single- and dual-gate InSe FETs utilizing SiO2, Al2O3, and HfO2 as gate dielectric respectively. We unveil the origin of temperature, inversion density, and thickness dependence of carrier mobility. Simulations indicate that remote phonon and Fröhlich interaction plays a comparatively major role in determining the electron transport in InSe. Mobility is more severely degraded by remote phonon of HfO2 dielectric than Al2O3 and SiO2 dielectric, which can be effectively insulated by introducing a SiO2 interfacial layer between the high-κ dielectric and InSe. Due to its smaller in-plane and quantization effective masses, mobility begins to increase at higher density as carriers become degenerate, and mobility degradation with a reduced layer number is much stronger in InSe compared with MoS2.
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Wells SA, Henning A, Gish JT, Sangwan VK, Lauhon LJ, Hersam MC. Suppressing Ambient Degradation of Exfoliated InSe Nanosheet Devices via Seeded Atomic Layer Deposition Encapsulation. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7876-7882. [PMID: 30418785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
With exceptional charge carrier mobilities and a direct bandgap at most thicknesses, indium selenide (InSe) is an emerging layered semiconductor that has generated significant interest for electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, exfoliated InSe nanosheets are susceptible to rapid degradation in ambient conditions, thus limiting their technological potential. In addition to morphological changes upon ambient exposure, the mobilities and current modulation on/off ratios of InSe transistors, as well as the responsivities of InSe photodetectors, decrease by over 3 orders of magnitude within 12 h of ambient exposure. In an effort to mitigate these deleterious effects, here we present an encapsulation scheme based on seeded atomic layer deposition that provides pinhole-free growth of alumina without compromising the intrinsic electronic properties of the underlying InSe. In particular, this encapsulation provides reproducible InSe field-effect transistor characteristics and InSe photodetector responsivities in excess of 107 A/W following ambient exposure for time periods on the order of months. Because atomic layer deposition is a highly scalable and manufacturable process, this work will accelerate ongoing efforts to integrate InSe nanosheets into electronic and optoelectronic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer A Wells
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Alex Henning
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - J Tyler Gish
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Vinod K Sangwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Lincoln J Lauhon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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