1
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Kambhampati P. Unraveling the excitonics of light emission from metal-halide perovskite quantum dots. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:15033-15058. [PMID: 39052235 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01481b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Metal halide semicondictor perovskites have been under intense investigation for their promise in light absorptive applications like photovoltaics. They have more recently experienced interest for their promise in light emissive applications. A key aspect of perovskites is their glassy, ionic lattice that exhibits dynamical disorder. One possible result of this dynamical disorder is their strong coupling between electronic and lattice degrees of freedom which may confer remarkable properties for light emission such as defect tolerance. How does the system, comprised of excitons, couple to the bath, comprised of lattice modes? How does this system-bath interaction give rise to novel light emissive properties and how do these properties give insight into the nature of these materials? We review recent work from this group in which time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy is used to reveal such insights. Based upon a fast time resolution of 3 ps, energy resolution, and temperature dependence, a wide variety of insights are gleaned. These insights include: lattice contributions to the emission linewidths, multiexciton formation, hot carrier cooling, excitonic fine structure, single dot superradiance, and a breakdown of the Condon approximation, all due to complex structural dynamics in these materials.
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2
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Ye J, Gaur D, Mi C, Chen Z, Fernández IL, Zhao H, Dong Y, Polavarapu L, Hoye RLZ. Strongly-confined colloidal lead-halide perovskite quantum dots: from synthesis to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:8095-8122. [PMID: 38894687 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00077c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals enable the realization and exploitation of quantum phenomena in a controlled manner, and can be scaled up for commercial uses. These materials have become important for a wide range of applications, from ultrahigh definition displays, to solar cells, quantum computing, bioimaging, optical communications, and many more. Over the last decade, lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals have rapidly gained prominence as efficient semiconductors. Although the majority of studies have focused on large nanocrystals in the weak- to intermediate-confinement regime, quantum dots (QDs) in the strongly-confined regime (with sizes smaller than the Bohr diameter, which ranges from 4-12 nm for lead-halide perovskites) offer unique opportunities, including polarized light emission and color-pure, stable luminescence in the region that is unattainable by perovskites with single-halide compositions. In this tutorial review, we bring together the latest insights into this emerging and rapidly growing area, focusing on the synthesis, steady-state optical properties (including exciton fine-structure splitting), and transient kinetics (including hot carrier cooling) of strongly-confined perovskite QDs. We also discuss recent advances in their applications, including single photon emission for quantum technologies, as well as light-emitting diodes. We finish with our perspectives on future challenges and opportunities for strongly-confined QDs, particularly around improving the control over monodispersity and stability, important fundamental questions on the photophysics, and paths forward to improve the performance of perovskite QDs in light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Ye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Deepika Gaur
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Chenjia Mi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Zijian Chen
- Centre for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 440305, China
| | - Iago López Fernández
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Centre for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 440305, China
| | - Yitong Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
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3
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Zhu J, Li Y, Lin X, Han Y, Wu K. Coherent phenomena and dynamics of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals for quantum information technologies. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:1027-1040. [PMID: 38951651 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01922-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Solution-processed colloidal nanocrystals of lead halide perovskites have been intensively investigated in recent years in the context of optoelectronic devices, during which time their quantum properties have also begun to attract attention. Their unmatched ease of synthetic tunability and unique structural, optical and electronic properties, in conjunction with the confinement of carriers in three dimensions, have motivated studies on observing and controlling coherent light-matter interaction in these materials for quantum information technologies. This Review outlines the recent efforts and achievements in this direction. Particularly notable examples are the observation of coherent single-photon emission, evidence for superfluorescence and the realization of room-temperature coherent spin manipulation for ensemble samples, which have not been achieved for prototypical colloidal CdSe nanocrystals that have been under investigation for decades. This Review aims to highlight these results, point out the challenges ahead towards realistic applications and bring together the efforts of multidisciplinary communities in this nascent field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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4
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De A, Bhunia S, Cai Y, Binyamin T, Etgar L, Ruhman S. Spectator Exciton Effects in Nanocrystals III: Unveiling the Stimulated Emission Cross Section in Quantum Confined CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20241-20250. [PMID: 39007415 PMCID: PMC11273341 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Quantifying stimulated emission in semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) remains challenging due to masking of its effects on pump-probe spectra by excited state absorption and ground state bleaching signals. The absence of this defining photophysical parameter in turn impedes assignment of band edge electronic structure in many of these important fluorophores. Here we employ a generally applicable 3-pulse ultrafast spectroscopic method coined the "Spectator Exciton" (SX) approach to measure stimulated-emission efficiency in quantum confined inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 NCs, the band edge electronic structure of which is the subject of lively ongoing debate. Our results show that in 5-6 nm CsPbBr3 NCs, a single exciton bleaches more than half of the intense band edge absorption band, while the cross section for stimulated emission from the same state is nearly 6 times weaker. Discussion of these findings in light of several recent electronic structure models for this material proves them unable to simultaneously explain both measures, proving the importance of this new input to resolving this debate. Along with femtosecond time-resolved photoluminescence measurements on the same sample, SX results also verify that biexciton interaction energy is intensely attractive with a magnitude of ∼80 meV. In light of this observation, our previous suggestion that biexciton interaction is repulsive is reassigned to hot phonon induced slowdown of carrier relaxation leading to direct Auger recombination from an excited state. The mechanism behind the extreme slowing of carrier cooling after several stages of exciton recombination remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurba De
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem-91904, Israel
| | - Soumyadip Bhunia
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem-91904, Israel
| | - Yichao Cai
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem-91904, Israel
| | - Tal Binyamin
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem-91904, Israel
| | - Lioz Etgar
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem-91904, Israel
| | - Sanford Ruhman
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem-91904, Israel
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5
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Swift MW, Sercel PC, Efros AL, Lyons JL, Norris DJ. Identification of Semiconductor Nanocrystals with Bright Ground-State Excitons. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39037050 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
While semiconductor nanocrystals provide versatile fluorescent materials for light-emitting devices, their brightness suffers from the "dark exciton"─an optically inactive electronic state into which nanocrystals relax before emitting. Recently, a theoretical mechanism, the Rashba effect, was discovered that can overcome this limitation by inverting the lowest-lying levels and creating a bright excitonic ground state. However, no methodology is available to systematically identify materials that exhibit this inversion, hindering the development of superbright nanocrystals and their devices. Here, based on a detailed understanding of the Rashba mechanism, we demonstrate a procedure that reveals previously unknown "bright-exciton" nanocrystals. We first define physical criteria to reduce over 500,000 known solids to 173 targets. Higher-level first-principles calculations then refine this list to 28 candidates. From these, we select five with high oscillator strength and develop effective-mass models to determine the nature of their lowest excitonic state. We confirm that four of the five solids yield bright ground-state excitons in nanocrystals. Thus, our results provide a badly needed roadmap for experimental investigation of bright-exciton nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Swift
- Center for Computational Materials Science, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Peter C Sercel
- Center for Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Semiconductors for Energy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alexander L Efros
- Center for Computational Materials Science, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - John L Lyons
- Center for Computational Materials Science, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - David J Norris
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
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6
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Oddi V, Zhu C, Becker MA, Sahin Y, Dirin DN, Kim T, Mahrt RF, Even J, Rainò G, Kovalenko MV, Stöferle T. Circularly Polarized Luminescence Without External Magnetic Fields from Individual CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Quantum Dots. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17218-17227. [PMID: 38904261 PMCID: PMC11223489 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs), the latest generation of the colloidal QD family, exhibit outstanding optical properties, which are now exploited as both classical and quantum light sources. Most of their rather exceptional properties are related to the peculiar exciton fine-structure of band-edge states, which can support unique bright triplet excitons. The degeneracy of the bright triplet excitons is lifted with energetic splitting in the order of millielectronvolts, which can be resolved by the photoluminescence (PL) measurements of single QDs at cryogenic temperatures. Each bright exciton fine-structure-state (FSS) exhibits a dominantly linear polarization, in line with several theoretical models based on the sole crystal field, exchange interaction, and shape anisotropy. Here, we show that in addition to a high degree of linear polarization, the individual exciton FSS can exhibit a non-negligible degree of circular polarization even without external magnetic fields by investigating the four Stokes parameters of the exciton fine-structure in individual CsPbBr3 QDs through Stokes polarimetric measurements. We observe a degree of circular polarization up to ∼38%, which could not be detected by using the conventional polarimetric technique. In addition, we found a consistent transition from left- to right-hand circular polarization within the fine-structure triplet manifold, which was observed in magnetic-field-dependent experiments. Our optical investigation provides deeper insights into the nature of the exciton fine structures and thereby drives the yet-incomplete understanding of the unique photophysical properties of this class of QDs for the benefit of future applications in chiral quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Oddi
- IBM
Research Europe—Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chenglian Zhu
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael A. Becker
- IBM
Research Europe—Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Yesim Sahin
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N. Dirin
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Taehee Kim
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Rainer F. Mahrt
- IBM
Research Europe—Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Jacky Even
- Université
de Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR6082, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Stöferle
- IBM
Research Europe—Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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7
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Zhang M, Zhang J, Gu L, Su Q, Qiang P, Yang Y, Ding S, Yao T, Zhang X, Du G, Xu B, Wang H. Ultranarrow Deep-Blue Luminescence of Perovskite Nanocrystals by A-Site Cation Control. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:31524-31533. [PMID: 38841741 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are one of the most promising emitters for the application of display and nanolight sources. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of photoluminescence (PL) emission is essential for color purity, which however remains a difficulty to further reduce the FWHM of the perovskite NCs at room temperature. Here, we show the quasi-sphere perovskite NCs with narrow PL emission at a deep-blue wavelength of ∼430 nm; its PL FWHM reaches ∼11 nm at room temperature, owing to the monodispersion in size distribution as well as the symmetric quasi-sphere morphology of NCs releasing the fine structure splitting-induced inhomogeneous broadening. Through regulating A cations with respect to the ratio of FA (or MA)-to-Cs and Cs-to-Pb, the PL emission of the NCs could be tuned from ∼505 to ∼430 nm combined with varied morphologies from large cube to small quasi-sphere. Such spectroscopic and morphological discrepancies are supposed to be attributed to the different crystalline kinetics that is strongly dependent on the synthetic condition. To be specific, in the case of increasing FA (or MA)-to-Cs, the growth rate of CsPbBr3 and FAPbBr3 (or MAPbBr3) perovskites is determined by the reactivity of transient species, while in the case of decreasing the Cs-to-Pb ratio, the growth rate of perovskites is slowed down by the serious reduction of Cs+ in the precursor. This study provides an effective strategy to adjust the emission across from green to deep-blue color and promotes the perovskite NCs with a narrow FWHM, and tunable PL emission facilitates in application of optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jingyun Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lei Gu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | | | - Pengpeng Qiang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yingjun Yang
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Shuakai Ding
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Tanxin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xiuhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Gaohui Du
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Bingshe Xu
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Hongyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Xi'an 710072, China
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8
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Oriel EH, Dirin DN, Shcherbak K, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Chen LX, Schaller RD. Intraband Cooling and Auger Recombination in Weakly to Strongly Quantum-Confined CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6062-6068. [PMID: 38820135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) with size-tuned energy gaps present unique and desirable properties for optoelectronic applications. Recent synthetic advancements offer routes to spheroidal CsPbBr3 perovskite NCs in the strong quantum confinement regime with narrow size dispersion. Using tunable femtosecond laser pulses, we examine intraband carrier relaxation using transient absorption spectroscopy and show that, across the transition from weak to strong confinement, hot carrier lifetime increases compared to larger bulk-like particles. However, further increases of confinement subsequently lead to a reduction of the hot carrier lifetime and increase of the non-radiative Auger recombination rate. Finally, we show that hot carrier lifetimes increase as a function of excess energy above the band gap less sensitively under high confinement in comparison to the bulk. Understanding such unique trends is important for maximizing hot carrier lifetimes for use in next-generation hot carrier devices as well as evaluating the transition from weak to strong confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan H Oriel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dmitry N Dirin
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kseniia Shcherbak
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Lin X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemical Science and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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9
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Bassani CL, van Anders G, Banin U, Baranov D, Chen Q, Dijkstra M, Dimitriyev MS, Efrati E, Faraudo J, Gang O, Gaston N, Golestanian R, Guerrero-Garcia GI, Gruenwald M, Haji-Akbari A, Ibáñez M, Karg M, Kraus T, Lee B, Van Lehn RC, Macfarlane RJ, Mognetti BM, Nikoubashman A, Osat S, Prezhdo OV, Rotskoff GM, Saiz L, Shi AC, Skrabalak S, Smalyukh II, Tagliazucchi M, Talapin DV, Tkachenko AV, Tretiak S, Vaknin D, Widmer-Cooper A, Wong GCL, Ye X, Zhou S, Rabani E, Engel M, Travesset A. Nanocrystal Assemblies: Current Advances and Open Problems. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14791-14840. [PMID: 38814908 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
We explore the potential of nanocrystals (a term used equivalently to nanoparticles) as building blocks for nanomaterials, and the current advances and open challenges for fundamental science developments and applications. Nanocrystal assemblies are inherently multiscale, and the generation of revolutionary material properties requires a precise understanding of the relationship between structure and function, the former being determined by classical effects and the latter often by quantum effects. With an emphasis on theory and computation, we discuss challenges that hamper current assembly strategies and to what extent nanocrystal assemblies represent thermodynamic equilibrium or kinetically trapped metastable states. We also examine dynamic effects and optimization of assembly protocols. Finally, we discuss promising material functions and examples of their realization with nanocrystal assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Bassani
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Greg van Anders
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Dmitry Baranov
- Division of Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Qian Chen
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Marjolein Dijkstra
- Soft Condensed Matter & Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael S Dimitriyev
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Efi Efrati
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jordi Faraudo
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oleg Gang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Nicola Gaston
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ramin Golestanian
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI-DS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - G Ivan Guerrero-Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78295 San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Michael Gruenwald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Amir Haji-Akbari
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Maria Ibáñez
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Matthias Karg
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM - Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, Colloid and Interface Chemistry, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Reid C Van Lehn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53717, USA
| | - Robert J Macfarlane
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Bortolo M Mognetti
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arash Nikoubashman
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Saeed Osat
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI-DS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Grant M Rotskoff
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Leonor Saiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - An-Chang Shi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Sara Skrabalak
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Ivan I Smalyukh
- Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City 739-0046, Japan
| | - Mario Tagliazucchi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428 Argentina
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Alexei V Tkachenko
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - David Vaknin
- Iowa State University and Ames Lab, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Asaph Widmer-Cooper
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xingchen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - Eran Rabani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center of Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Michael Engel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alex Travesset
- Iowa State University and Ames Lab, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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10
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Li Q, Wu K, Zhu H, Yang Y, He S, Lian T. Charge Transfer from Quantum-Confined 0D, 1D, and 2D Nanocrystals. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5695-5763. [PMID: 38629390 PMCID: PMC11082908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The properties of colloidal quantum-confined semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), including zero-dimensional (0D) quantum dots, 1D nanorods, 2D nanoplatelets, and their heterostructures, can be tuned through their size, dimensionality, and material composition. In their photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications, a key step is to generate spatially separated and long-lived electrons and holes by interfacial charge transfer. These charge transfer properties have been extensively studied recently, which is the subject of this Review. The Review starts with a summary of the electronic structure and optical properties of 0D-2D nanocrystals, followed by the advances in wave function engineering, a novel way to control the spatial distribution of electrons and holes, through their size, dimension, and composition. It discusses the dependence of NC charge transfer on various parameters and the development of the Auger-assisted charge transfer model. Recent advances in understanding multiple exciton generation, decay, and dissociation are also discussed, with an emphasis on multiple carrier transfer. Finally, the applications of nanocrystal-based systems for photocatalysis are reviewed, focusing on the photodriven charge separation and recombination processes that dictate the function and performance of these materials. The Review ends with a summary and outlook of key remaining challenges and promising future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Li
- Department
of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Ye Yang
- The
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM
(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials),
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Sheng He
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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11
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Wang B, Lim JWM, Loh SM, Mayengbam R, Ye S, Feng M, He H, Liang X, Cai R, Zhang Q, Kwek LC, Demir HV, Mhaisalkar SG, Blundell SA, Chien Sum T. Weakly Confined Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots as High-Purity Room-Temperature Single Photon Sources. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10807-10817. [PMID: 38598660 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have emerged as highly promising single photon emitters for quantum information applications. Presently, most strategies have focused on leveraging quantum confinement to increase the nonradiative Auger recombination (AR) rate to enhance single-photon (SP) purity in all-inorganic CsPbBr3 QDs. However, this also increases the fluorescence intermittency. Achieving high SP purity and blinking mitigation simultaneously remains a significant challenge. Here, we transcend this limitation with room-temperature synthesized weakly confined hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) QDs. Superior single photon purity with a low g(2)(0) < 0.07 ± 0.03 and a nearly blinking-free behavior (ON-state fraction >95%) in 11 nm FAPbBr3 QDs are achieved at room temperature, attributed to their long exciton lifetimes (τX) and short biexciton lifetimes (τXX). The significance of the organic A-cation is further validated using the mixed-cation FAxCs1-xPbBr3. Theoretical calculations utilizing a combination of the Bethe-Salpeter (BSE) and k·p approaches point toward the modulation of the dielectric constants by the organic cations. Importantly, our findings provide valuable insights into an additional lever for engineering facile-synthesized room-temperature PQD single photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Melvin Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Siow Mean Loh
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Rishikanta Mayengbam
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Senyun Ye
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Minjun Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Huajun He
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xiao Liang
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, The Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Rui Cai
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Qiannan Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Leong-Chuan Kwek
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, on Singapore
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, The Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- UNAM─Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, The National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Bilkent, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Subodh G Mhaisalkar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Korea
| | - Steven A Blundell
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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12
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Amara MR, Huo C, Voisin C, Xiong Q, Diederichs C. Impact of Bright-Dark Exciton Thermal Population Mixing on the Brightness of CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4265-4271. [PMID: 38557055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the interplay between bright and dark exciton states is crucial for deciphering the luminescence properties of low-dimensional materials. The origin of the outstanding brightness of lead halide perovskites remains elusive. Here, we analyze temperature-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence to investigate the population mixing between bright and dark exciton sublevels in individual CsPbBr3 nanocrystals in the intermediate confinement regime. We extract bright and dark exciton decay rates and show quantitatively that the decay dynamics can only be reproduced with second-order phonon transitions. Furthermore, we find that any exciton sublevel ordering is compatible with the most likely population transfer mechanism. The remarkable brightness of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals rather stems from a reduced asymmetry between bright-to-dark and dark-to-bright conversion originating from the peculiar second-order phonon-assisted transitions that freeze bright-dark conversion at low temperatures together with the very fast radiative recombination and favorable degeneracy of the bright exciton state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Raouf Amara
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Caixia Huo
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
- Institute of Materials/School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Technology, Shanghai University, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Christophe Voisin
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Carole Diederichs
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris, France
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13
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Zhang Z, Ghonge S, Ding Y, Zhang S, Berciu M, Schaller RD, Jankó B, Kuno M. Resonant Multiple-Phonon Absorption Causes Efficient Anti-Stokes Photoluminescence in CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6438-6444. [PMID: 38363716 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals, such as CsPbBr3, exhibit efficient photoluminescence (PL) up-conversion, also referred to as anti-Stokes photoluminescence (ASPL). This is a phenomenon where irradiating nanocrystals up to 100 meV below gap results in higher energy band edge emission. Most surprising is that ASPL efficiencies approach unity and involve single-photon interactions with multiple phonons. This is unexpected given the statistically disfavored nature of multiple-phonon absorption. Here, we report and rationalize near-unity anti-Stokes photoluminescence efficiencies in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals and attribute them to resonant multiple-phonon absorption by polarons. The theory explains paradoxically large efficiencies for intrinsically disfavored, multiple-phonon-assisted ASPL in nanocrystals. Moreover, the developed microscopic mechanism has immediate and important implications for applications of ASPL toward condensed phase optical refrigeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Sushrut Ghonge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Shubin Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mona Berciu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus 325-6224, Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Boldizsár Jankó
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Masaru Kuno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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14
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Gao K, Li Y, Yang Y, Liu Y, Liu M, Liang W, Zhang B, Wang L, Zhu J, Wu K. Manipulating Coherent Exciton Dynamics in CsPbI 3 Perovskite Quantum Dots Using Magnetic Field. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309420. [PMID: 38009823 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have recently emerged as a promising material platform for quantum information processing owing to their strong light-matter interaction and relatively long-lived optical and spin coherences. In particular, the coherence of the fine-structure bright excitons is sustainable up to room temperature and can be observed even at an ensemble level. Here modulation of the polarization of these excitons in CsPbI3 QDs and manipulation of their time-domain coherent dynamics using a longitudinal magnetic field are demonstrated. The manipulation is realized using femtosecond quantum beat spectroscopy performed with both circularly- and linearly-polarized pulses. The results are well captured by the density of matrix simulation and are picturized using a Bloch sphere. This study forms the basis for preparing arbitrary coherent superpositions of excitons in perovskite QDs for an array of quantum technologies under near-ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yupeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenfei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Boyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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15
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Farrow T, Dhawan AR, Marshall AR, Ghorbal A, Son W, Snaith HJ, Smith JM, Taylor RA. Ultranarrow Line Width Room-Temperature Single-Photon Source from Perovskite Quantum Dot Embedded in Optical Microcavity. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10667-10673. [PMID: 38016047 PMCID: PMC10722583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Ultranarrow bandwidth single-photon sources operating at room-temperature are of vital importance for viable optical quantum technologies at scale, including quantum key distribution, cloud-based quantum information processing networks, and quantum metrology. Here we show a room-temperature ultranarrow bandwidth single-photon source generating single-mode photons at a rate of 5 MHz based on an inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dot embedded in a tunable open-access optical microcavity. When coupled to an optical cavity mode, the quantum dot room-temperature emission becomes single-mode, and the spectrum narrows down to just ∼1 nm. The low numerical aperture of the optical cavities enables efficient collection of high-purity single-mode single-photon emission at room-temperature, offering promising performance for photonic and quantum technology applications. We measure 94% pure single-photon emission in a single-mode under pulsed and continuous-wave (CW) excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Farrow
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Amit R. Dhawan
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley R. Marshall
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Ghorbal
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Wonmin Son
- Sogang
University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, South
Korea
| | - Henry J. Snaith
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Jason M. Smith
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. Taylor
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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16
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Liu Y, Li Y, Gao K, Zhu J, Wu K. Sub-Single-Exciton Optical Gain in Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots Revealed by Exciton Polarization Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25864-25873. [PMID: 37971813 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Optical gain of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) is often attained in the multiexciton regime, which strongly complicates their lasing applications as the gain lifetime is limited by nonradiative Auger recombination occurring typically on the picosecond time scale. In principle, low-threshold gain can be achieved if the gain-active emission has a sizable red shift compared to the absorption. But, this mechanism has been rarely observed in typical QDs featuring small Stokes shift due to their weak electron-phonon coupling. Here, we report the observation of sub-single-exciton gain in CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3 perovskite QDs, which is unequivocally established through pinpointing the stimulated emission and biexciton absorption signatures using polarization-controlled femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The soft lattice of perovskite QDs and hence strong electron-phonon coupling lead to two stimulated emission features from free and self-trapped excitons, respectively. In monodisperse QDs of varying sizes, the Stokes shift of the self-trapped exciton emission is sufficiently large to overcome the biexciton absorption loss and the inhomogeneous line width, enabling optical gain with average exciton occupancy down to <10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaimin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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D'Amato M, Belzane L, Dabard C, Silly M, Patriarche G, Glorieux Q, Le Jeannic H, Lhuillier E, Bramati A. Highly Photostable Zn-Treated Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Efficient Single Photon Generation. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10228-10235. [PMID: 37930320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Achieving pure single-photon emission is essential for a range of quantum technologies, from quantum computing to quantum key distribution to quantum metrology. Among solid-state quantum emitters, colloidal lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their structural and optical properties, which make them attractive candidates for single-photon sources (SPSs). However, their practical utilization has been hampered by environment-induced instabilities. In this study, we fabricate and characterize in a systematic manner Zn-treated CsPbBr3 colloidal NCs obtained through Zn2+ ion doping at the Pb-site, demonstrating improved stability under dilution and illumination. The doped NCs exhibit high single-photon purity, reduced blinking on a submillisecond time scale, and stability of the bright state even at excitation powers well above saturation. Our findings highlight the potential of this synthesis approach to optimize the performance of LHP-based SPSs, opening up interesting prospects for their integration into nanophotonic systems for quantum technology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna D'Amato
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Lucien Belzane
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Corentin Dabard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Silly
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, BP48, F91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Patriarche
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 10 Bd Thomas Gobert, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Quentin Glorieux
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Hanna Le Jeannic
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lhuillier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alberto Bramati
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
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18
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Dahl JC, Niblett S, Cho Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Chan EM, Alivisatos AP. Scientific Machine Learning of 2D Perovskite Nanosheet Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23076-23087. [PMID: 37847242 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
We apply a scientific machine learning (ML) framework to aid the prediction and understanding of nanomaterial formation processes via a joint spectral-kinetic model. We apply this framework to study the nucleation and growth of two-dimensional (2D) perovskite nanosheets. Colloidal nanomaterials have size-dependent optical properties and can be observed in situ, all of which make them a good model for understanding the complex processes of nucleation, growth, and phase transformation of 2D perovskites. Our results demonstrate that this model nanomaterial can form through two processes at the nanoscale: either via a layer-by-layer chemical exfoliation process from lead bromide nanocrystals or via direct nucleation from precursors. We utilize a phenomenological kinetic analysis to study the exfoliation process and scientific machine learning to study the direct nucleation and growth and discuss the circumstances under which it is more appropriate to use phenomenological or more complex machine learning models. Data for both analysis techniques are collected through in situ spectroscopy in a stopped flow chamber, incorporating over 500,000 spectra taken under more than 100 different conditions. More broadly, our research shows that the ability to utilize and integrate traditional kinetics and machine learning methods will greatly assist in the understanding of complex chemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob C Dahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Samuel Niblett
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Yeongsu Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xingzhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Emory M Chan
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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19
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Cherrette VL, Babbe F, Cooper JK, Zhang JZ. Octahedral Distortions Generate a Thermally Activated Phonon-Assisted Radiative Recombination Pathway in Cubic CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8717-8725. [PMID: 37737107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-phonon interactions elucidate structure-function relationships that aid in the control of color purity and carrier diffusion, which is necessary for the performance-driven design of solid-state optical emitters. Temperature-dependent steady-state photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL (TRPL) reveal that thermally activated exciton-phonon interactions originate from structural distortions related to vibrations in cubic CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) at room temperature. Exciton-phonon interactions cause performance-degrading PL line width broadening and slower electron-hole recombination. Structural distortions in cubic PQDs at room temperature exist as the bending and stretching of the PbBr6 octahedra subunit. The PbBr6 octahedral distortions cause symmetry breaking, resulting in thermally activated longitudinal optical (LO) phonon coupling to the photoexcited electron-hole pair that manifests as inhomogeneous PL line width broadening. At cryogenic temperatures, the line width broadening is minimized due to a decrease in phonon-assisted recombination through shallow traps. A fundamental understanding of these intrinsic exciton-phonon interactions gives insight into the polymorphic nature of the cubic phase and the origins of performance degradation in PQD optical emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien L Cherrette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Finn Babbe
- Chemical Science Division, Liquid Sunlight Alliance (LiSA), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jason K Cooper
- Chemical Science Division, Liquid Sunlight Alliance (LiSA), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jin Z Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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20
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Kutkan S, Dhanabalan B, Lin ML, Tan PH, Schleusener A, Arciniegas MP, Krahne R. Impact of the organic cation on the band-edge emission of two-dimensional lead-bromide perovskites. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:12880-12888. [PMID: 37477377 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02172f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic low-dimensional layered metal-halide perovskites are semiconductors in which the optoelectronic properties can be tuned by the material composition and the design of the layered architecture. While the electronic band structure is mainly determined by the inorganic octahedra lattice, the binding and conformation of the organic cations induces related lattice distortions that can break the symmetry and lead to the splitting of the exciton energy levels, and influence the dielectric confinement. Furthermore, organic-induced lattice deformations lead to offsets in k-space (where k is the wavevector) that go along with the exciton energy level splitting. Hence, the electronic transitions between these levels require the momentum contribution of phonons, and contributions of phonons in the exciton recombination dynamics result in thermal broadening of the emission linewidth. In this work, we investigate the band-edge emission of two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper lead-bromide perovskites synthesized with different organic cations that vary in their binding head group and their alkyl chain length. We find several peaks in the low-temperature photoluminescence spectra, and the number of peaks in the band-edge emission and their decay dynamics depend strongly on the type of organic cation in the material, which we relate to the difference in the inorganic lattice distortions that the cations induce. For two-dimensional layered perovskites with mainly in-plane distortions, induced by short primary ammonium molecules, we find a two-fold splitting of the band edge emission at low temperatures. If also out-of-plane distortions are present, as for the long-chain primary ammoniums, a three-fold splitting is observed. Interestingly, the low-energy peaks of the split series merge into the highest energy peak with increasing temperature. Thermal broadening analysis of the temperature-dependent photoluminescence linewidth in the structures with out-of-plane distortions yields energies that are larger than those reported for the inorganic lattice phonons. This indicates the involvement of either high-frequency oscillations involving the organic cations, or the broadening might be related to higher order phonon scattering processes in the excitonic recombination process. The strong directionality of the phonon modes in the octahedral lattice could promote the involvement of multiple electron-phonon scattering processes in the exciton relaxation dynamics, for example involving modes with orthogonal directionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Kutkan
- Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Balaji Dhanabalan
- Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Miao-Ling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Ping-Heng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Roman Krahne
- Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
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21
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Shinde A, Rajput PK, Makhija U, Tanwar R, Mandal P, Nag A. Emissive Dark Excitons in Monoclinic Two-Dimensional Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:6985-6993. [PMID: 37487113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Typically, bright excitons (XB) emit light in two-dimensional (2D) layered hybrid perovskites. There are also dark excitons (XD), for which radiative recombination is spin-forbidden. Application of a magnetic field can somewhat relax the spin-rule, yielding XD emission. Can we obtain XD light emission in the absence of a magnetic field? Indeed, we observe unusually intense XD emission at ∼7 K for (Rac-MBA)2PbI4, (Rac-4-Br-MBA)2PbI4, and (R-4-Br-MBA)2PbI4 (Rac-MBA: racemic methylbenzylammonium), which crystallize in a lower symmetry monoclinic phase. For comparison, orthorhombic (R-MBA)2PbI4 does not exhibit XD emission. XD has a lower energy than XB, with energy difference ΔE. In monoclinic samples, ΔE ∼ 20 meV is large enough to suppress the thermal excitation of XD to XB, at temperatures <30 K. Consequently, XD recombines by emitting light with a long lifetime (∼205 ns). At higher temperatures, the emission switches to the spin-allowed XB (lifetime < 1 ns).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Shinde
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Parikshit Kumar Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Urmila Makhija
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Riteeka Tanwar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Pankaj Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Angshuman Nag
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
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22
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Guilloux V, Ghribi A, Majrab S, Margaillan F, Bernard M, Bernardot F, Legrand L, Lhuillier E, Boujdaria K, Chamarro M, Testelin C, Barisien T. Exciton Fine Structure of CsPbCl 3 Nanocrystals: An Interplay of Electron-Hole Exchange Interaction, Crystal Structure, Shape Anisotropy, and Dielectric Mismatch. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37366625 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In the semiconducting perovskite materials family, the cesium-lead-chloride compound (CsPbCl3) supports robust excitons characterized by a blue-shifted transition and the largest binding energy, thus presenting a high potential to achieve demanding solid-state room-temperature photonic or quantum devices. Here we study the fundamental emission properties of cubic-shaped colloidal CsPbCl3 nanocrystals (NCs), examining in particular individual NC responses using micro-photoluminescence in order to unveil the exciton fine structure (EFS) features. Within this work, NCs with average dimensions ⟨Lα⟩ ≈ 8 nm (α = x, y, z) are studied with a level of dispersity in their dimensions that allows disentangling the effects of size and shape anisotropy in the analysis. We find that most of the NCs exhibit an optical response under the form of a doublet with crossed polarized peaks and an average inter-bright-state splitting, ΔBB ≈ 1.53 meV, but triplets are also observed though being a minority. The origin of the EFS patterns is discussed in the frame of the electron-hole exchange model by taking into account the dielectric mismatch at the NC interface. The different features (large dispersity in the ΔBB values and occasional occurrence of triplets) are reconciled by incorporating a moderate degree of shape anisotropy, observed in the structural characterization, by preserving the relatively high degree of the NC lattice symmetry. The energy distance between the optically inactive state and the bright manifold, ΔBD, is also extracted from time-resolved photoluminescence measurements (ΔBD ≈ 10.7 meV), in good agreement with our theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Guilloux
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS UMR 7588, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Amal Ghribi
- LR01ES15 Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux: Structure et Propriétés, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Silbé Majrab
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS UMR 7588, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Florent Margaillan
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS UMR 7588, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Bernard
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS UMR 7588, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédérick Bernardot
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS UMR 7588, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Legrand
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS UMR 7588, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lhuillier
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS UMR 7588, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Kaïs Boujdaria
- LR01ES15 Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux: Structure et Propriétés, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Maria Chamarro
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS UMR 7588, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Testelin
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS UMR 7588, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Barisien
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS UMR 7588, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
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23
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Nguyen HA, Dixon G, Dou FY, Gallagher S, Gibbs S, Ladd DM, Marino E, Ondry JC, Shanahan JP, Vasileiadou ES, Barlow S, Gamelin DR, Ginger DS, Jonas DM, Kanatzidis MG, Marder SR, Morton D, Murray CB, Owen JS, Talapin DV, Toney MF, Cossairt BM. Design Rules for Obtaining Narrow Luminescence from Semiconductors Made in Solution. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37311205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed semiconductors are in demand for present and next-generation optoelectronic technologies ranging from displays to quantum light sources because of their scalability and ease of integration into devices with diverse form factors. One of the central requirements for semiconductors used in these applications is a narrow photoluminescence (PL) line width. Narrow emission line widths are needed to ensure both color and single-photon purity, raising the question of what design rules are needed to obtain narrow emission from semiconductors made in solution. In this review, we first examine the requirements for colloidal emitters for a variety of applications including light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers, and quantum information science. Next, we will delve into the sources of spectral broadening, including "homogeneous" broadening from dynamical broadening mechanisms in single-particle spectra, heterogeneous broadening from static structural differences in ensemble spectra, and spectral diffusion. Then, we compare the current state of the art in terms of emission line width for a variety of colloidal materials including II-VI quantum dots (QDs) and nanoplatelets, III-V QDs, alloyed QDs, metal-halide perovskites including nanocrystals and 2D structures, doped nanocrystals, and, finally, as a point of comparison, organic molecules. We end with some conclusions and connections, including an outline of promising paths forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Grant Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Florence Y Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Shaun Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Stephen Gibbs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Dylan M Ladd
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Emanuele Marino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Justin C Ondry
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - James P Shanahan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Eugenia S Vasileiadou
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephen Barlow
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - David M Jonas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Seth R Marder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Daniel Morton
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jonathan S Owen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michael F Toney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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24
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Weinberg D, Park Y, Limmer DT, Rabani E. Size-Dependent Lattice Symmetry Breaking Determines the Exciton Fine Structure of Perovskite Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37229762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The order of bright and dark excitonic states in lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals is debated. It has been proposed that the Rashba effect, driven by lattice-induced symmetry breaking, causes a bright excitonic ground state. Direct measurements of excitonic spectra, however, show the signatures of a dark ground state, bringing the role of the Rashba effect into question. We use an atomistic theory to model the exciton fine structure of perovskite nanocrystals, accounting for realistic lattice distortions. We calculate optical gaps and excitonic features that compare favorably with experimental works. The exciton fine structure splittings show a nonmonotonic size dependence due to a structural transition between cubic and orthorhombic phases. Additionally, the excitonic ground state is found to be dark with spin triplet character, exhibiting a small Rashba coupling. We additionally explore the effects of nanocrystal shape on the fine structure, clarifying observations on polydisperse nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weinberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yoonjae Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David T Limmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eran Rabani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center of Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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25
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Amara MR, Said Z, Huo C, Pierret A, Voisin C, Gao W, Xiong Q, Diederichs C. Spectral Fingerprint of Quantum Confinement in Single CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3607-3613. [PMID: 37014137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals are promising materials for classical and quantum light emission. To understand these outstanding properties, a thorough analysis of the band-edge exciton emission is needed, which is not reachable in ensemble and room-temperature studies because of broadening effects. Here, we report on a cryogenic-temperature study of the photoluminescence of single CsPbBr3 nanocrystals in the intermediate quantum confinement regime. We reveal the size-dependence of the spectral features observed: the bright triplet exciton energy splittings, the trion and biexciton binding energies, and the optical phonon replica spectrum. In addition, we show that bright triplet energy splittings are consistent with a pure exchange model and that the variety of polarization properties and spectra recorded can be rationalized simply by considering the orientation of the emitting dipoles and the populations of the emitting states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Raouf Amara
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Zakaria Said
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Caixia Huo
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Aurélie Pierret
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Voisin
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Weibo Gao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Carole Diederichs
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris, France
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26
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Diroll BT, Banerjee P, Shevchenko EV. Optical anisotropy of CsPbBr 3 perovskite nanoplatelets. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:18. [PMID: 37186268 PMCID: PMC10130288 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The two-dimensional CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets have a quantum well electronic structure with a band gap tunable with sample thicknesses in discreet steps based upon the number of monolayers. The polarized optical properties of CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets are studied using fluorescence anisotropy and polarized transient absorption spectroscopies. Polarized spectroscopy shows that they have absorption and emission transitions which are strongly plane-polarized. In particular, photoluminescence excitation and transient absorption measurements reveal a band-edge polarization approaching 0.1, the limit of isotropic two-dimensional ensembles. The degree of anisotropy is found to depend on the thickness of the nanoplatelets: multiple measurements show a progressive decrease in optical anisotropy from 2 to 5 monolayer thick nanoplatelets. In turn, larger cuboidal CsPbBr3 nanocrystals, are found to have consistently positive anisotropy which may be attributed to symmetry breaking from ideal perovskite cubes. Optical measurements of anisotropy are described with respect to the theoretical framework developed to describe exciton fine structure in these materials. The observed planar absorption and emission are close to predicted values at thinner nanoplatelet sizes and follow the predicted trend in anisotropy with thickness, but with larger anisotropy than theoretical predictions. Dominant planar emission, albeit confined to the thinnest nanoplatelets, is a valuable attribute for enhanced efficiency of light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60438, USA.
| | - Progna Banerjee
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60438, USA
| | - Elena V Shevchenko
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60438, USA
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27
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Sun W, Krajewska CJ, Kaplan AEK, Šverko T, Berkinsky DB, Ginterseder M, Utzat H, Bawendi MG. Elastic Phonon Scattering Dominates Dephasing in Weakly Confined Cesium Lead Bromide Nanocrystals at Cryogenic Temperatures. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2615-2622. [PMID: 36926921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have emerged as a potential next-generation single quantum emitter (QE) material for quantum optics and quantum information science. Optical dephasing processes at cryogenic temperatures are critical to the quality of a QE, making a mechanistic understanding of coherence losses of fundamental interest. We use photon-correlation Fourier spectroscopy (PCFS) to obtain a lower bound to the optical coherence times of single PNCs as a function of temperature. We find that 20 nm CsPbBr3 PNCs emit nearly exclusively into a narrow zero-phonon line from 4 to 13 K. Remarkably, no spectral diffusion is observed at time scales of 10 μs to 5 ms. Our results suggest that exciton dephasing in this temperature range is dominated by elastic scattering from phonon modes with characteristic frequencies of 1-3 meV, while inelastic scattering is minimal due to weak exciton-phonon coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chantalle J Krajewska
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander E K Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tara Šverko
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David B Berkinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthias Ginterseder
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hendrik Utzat
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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28
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Krajewska CJ, Kaplan AEK, Kick M, Berkinsky DB, Zhu H, Sverko T, Van Voorhis T, Bawendi MG. Controlled Assembly and Anomalous Thermal Expansion of Ultrathin Cesium Lead Bromide Nanoplatelets. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2148-2157. [PMID: 36884029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum confined lead halide perovskite nanoplatelets are anisotropic materials displaying strongly bound excitons with spectrally pure photoluminescence. We report the controlled assembly of CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets through varying the evaporation rate of the dispersion solvent. We confirm the assembly of superlattices in the face-down and edge-up configurations by electron microscopy, as well as X-ray scattering and diffraction. Polarization-resolved spectroscopy shows that superlattices in the edge-up configuration display significantly polarized emission compared to face-down counterparts. Variable-temperature X-ray diffraction of both face-down and edge-up superlattices uncovers a uniaxial negative thermal expansion in ultrathin nanoplatelets, which reconciles the anomalous temperature dependence of the emission energy. Additional structural aspects are investigated by multilayer diffraction fitting, revealing a significant decrease in superlattice order with decreasing temperature, with a concomitant expansion of the organic sublattice and increase of lead halide octahedral tilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantalle J Krajewska
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander E K Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthias Kick
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David B Berkinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tara Sverko
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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29
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He S, Jin T, Ni A, Lian T. Electron Trapping Prolongs the Lifetime of Charge-Separated States in 2D Perovskite Nanoplatelet-Hole Acceptor Complexes. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2241-2250. [PMID: 36820889 PMCID: PMC10009813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) lead halide perovskite nanoplatelets (NPLs) are promising materials for blue light emission because of the strong quantum confinement in the 2D morphology. However, the identity of carrier traps and the trap influence on charge transfer in these NPLs remain unclear. Herein, transient absorption studies revealed two types of electron traps in 3 monolayer lead bromide perovskite NPLs with trapping lifetime of 9.0 ± 0.6 and 516 ± 59 ps, respectively, while no hole traps were observed. Systematic charge transfer experiments show that electron traps have negligible influence on ultrafast electron transfer or hole transfer but extend the half-lifetime of the charge-separated state from 2.1 ± 0.1 to 68 ± 3 ns after hole transfer, which is explained by the reduced electron-hole overlap. This work contributes to the understanding of the fundamental carrier dynamics in 2D perovskite NPLs and offers guidelines for boosting their performance in optoelectronics and photocatalysis.
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30
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Li M, Huang P, Zhong H. Current Understanding of Band-Edge Properties of Halide Perovskites: Urbach Tail, Rashba Splitting, and Exciton Binding Energy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1592-1603. [PMID: 36749031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The band-edge structure of halide perovskites, derived from the hybridization of atomic orbitals, plays a fundamental role in determining their optical and electronic properties. Several important concepts have been frequently discussed to describe the influence of band-edge structure on their optoelectronic properties, including Urbach tail, Rashba splitting, and exciton binding energy. In this Perspective, we provide a fundamental understanding of these concepts, with the focus on their dependence on composition, structure, or dimensionality. Subsequently, the implications for material optimization and device fabrication are discussed. Furthermore, we highlight the Rashba effect on the exciton fine structure in perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs), which explains the unique emissive properties. Finally, we discuss the potential influence of band-edge properties on the light emission process. We hope that this Perspective can inspire the investigation of band-edge properties of halide perovskites for light-emitting diodes, lasers, and spin electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peng Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haizheng Zhong
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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31
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Seiler H, Zahn D, Taylor VCA, Bodnarchuk MI, Windsor YW, Kovalenko MV, Ernstorfer R. Direct Observation of Ultrafast Lattice Distortions during Exciton-Polaron Formation in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2023; 17:1979-1988. [PMID: 36651873 PMCID: PMC9933605 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The microscopic origin of slow hot-carrier cooling in lead halide perovskites remains debated and has direct implications for applications. Slow hot-carrier cooling of several picoseconds has been attributed to either polaron formation or a hot-phonon bottleneck effect at high excited carrier densities (>1018 cm-3). These effects cannot be unambiguously disentangled with optical experiments alone. However, they can be distinguished by direct observations of ultrafast lattice dynamics, as these effects are expected to create qualitatively distinct fingerprints. To this end, we employ femtosecond electron diffraction and directly measure the sub-picosecond lattice dynamics of weakly confined CsPbBr3 nanocrystals following above-gap photoexcitation. While we do not observe signatures of a hot-phonon bottleneck lasting several picoseconds, the data reveal a light-induced structural distortion appearing on a time scale varying between 380 and 1200 fs depending on the excitation fluence. We attribute these dynamics to the effect of exciton-polarons on the lattice and the slower dynamics at high fluences to slower sub-picosecond hot-carrier cooling, which slows down the establishment of the exciton-polaron population. Further analysis and simulations show that the distortion is consistent with motions of the [PbBr3]- octahedral ionic cage, and closest agreement with the data is obtained for Pb-Br bond lengthening. Our work demonstrates how direct studies of lattice dynamics on the sub-picosecond time scale can discriminate between competing scenarios proposed in the literature to explain the origin of slow hot-carrier cooling in lead halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Seiler
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Physics
Department, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Zahn
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria C. A. Taylor
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Yoav William Windsor
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische
Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische
Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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32
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Boehme S, Bodnarchuk MI, Burian M, Bertolotti F, Cherniukh I, Bernasconi C, Zhu C, Erni R, Amenitsch H, Naumenko D, Andrusiv H, Semkiv N, John RA, Baldwin A, Galkowski K, Masciocchi N, Stranks SD, Rainò G, Guagliardi A, Kovalenko MV. Strongly Confined CsPbBr 3 Quantum Dots as Quantum Emitters and Building Blocks for Rhombic Superlattices. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2089-2100. [PMID: 36719353 PMCID: PMC9933619 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The success of the colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) field is rooted in the precise synthetic control of QD size, shape, and composition, enabling electronically well-defined functional nanomaterials that foster fundamental science and motivate diverse fields of applications. While the exploitation of the strong confinement regime has been driving commercial and scientific interest in InP or CdSe QDs, such a regime has still not been thoroughly explored and exploited for lead-halide perovskite QDs, mainly due to a so far insufficient chemical stability and size monodispersity of perovskite QDs smaller than about 7 nm. Here, we demonstrate chemically stable strongly confined 5 nm CsPbBr3 colloidal QDs via a postsynthetic treatment employing didodecyldimethylammonium bromide ligands. The achieved high size monodispersity (7.5% ± 2.0%) and shape-uniformity enables the self-assembly of QD superlattices with exceptional long-range order, uniform thickness, an unusual rhombic packing with an obtuse angle of 104°, and narrow-band cyan emission. The enhanced chemical stability indicates the promise of strongly confined perovskite QDs for solution-processed single-photon sources, with single QDs showcasing a high single-photon purity of 73% and minimal blinking (78% "on" fraction), both at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon
C. Boehme
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Max Burian
- Swiss
Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Federica Bertolotti
- Department
of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab., University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Ihor Cherniukh
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Bernasconi
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Chenglian Zhu
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Erni
- Electron
Microscopy Center, Empa, Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University
of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Denys Naumenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University
of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hordii Andrusiv
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nazar Semkiv
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Rohit Abraham John
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alan Baldwin
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Krzysztof Galkowski
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Norberto Masciocchi
- Department
of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab., University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Antonietta Guagliardi
- Istituto
di Cristallografia and To.Sca.Lab, Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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33
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Universal scaling laws for charge-carrier interactions with quantum confinement in lead-halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:229. [PMID: 36646706 PMCID: PMC9842747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites open great prospects for optoelectronics and a wealth of potential applications in quantum optical and spin-based technologies. Precise knowledge of the fundamental optical and spin properties of charge-carrier complexes at the origin of their luminescence is crucial in view of the development of these applications. On nearly bulk Cesium-Lead-Bromide single perovskite nanocrystals, which are the test bench materials for next-generation devices as well as theoretical modeling, we perform low temperature magneto-optical spectroscopy to reveal their entire band-edge exciton fine structure and charge-complex binding energies. We demonstrate that the ground exciton state is dark and lays several millielectronvolts below the lowest bright exciton sublevels, which settles the debate on the bright-dark exciton level ordering in these materials. More importantly, combining these results with spectroscopic measurements on various perovskite nanocrystal compounds, we show evidence for universal scaling laws relating the exciton fine structure splitting, the trion and biexciton binding energies to the band-edge exciton energy in lead-halide perovskite nanostructures, regardless of their chemical composition. These scaling laws solely based on quantum confinement effects and dimensionless energies offer a general predictive picture for the interaction energies within charge-carrier complexes photo-generated in these emerging semiconductor nanostructures.
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34
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Yang RX, McCandler CA, Andriuc O, Siron M, Woods-Robinson R, Horton MK, Persson KA. Big Data in a Nano World: A Review on Computational, Data-Driven Design of Nanomaterials Structures, Properties, and Synthesis. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19873-19891. [PMID: 36378904 PMCID: PMC9798871 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The recent rise of computational, data-driven research has significant potential to accelerate materials discovery. Automated workflows and materials databases are being rapidly developed, contributing to high-throughput data of bulk materials that are growing in quantity and complexity, allowing for correlation between structural-chemical features and functional properties. In contrast, computational data-driven approaches are still relatively rare for nanomaterials discovery due to the rapid scaling of computational cost for finite systems. However, the distinct behaviors at the nanoscale as compared to the parent bulk materials and the vast tunability space with respect to dimensionality and morphology motivate the development of data sets for nanometric materials. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in data-driven research in two aspects: functional materials design and guided synthesis, including commonly used metrics and approaches for designing materials properties and predicting synthesis routes. More importantly, we discuss the distinct behaviors of materials as a result of nanosizing and the implications for data-driven research. Finally, we share our perspectives on future directions for extending the current data-driven research into the nano realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Xi Yang
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Caitlin A. McCandler
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Oxana Andriuc
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Liquid
Sunlight Alliance and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Martin Siron
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Rachel Woods-Robinson
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Matthew K. Horton
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Kristin A. Persson
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Molecular
Foundry, Energy Sciences Area, Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
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35
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Marcato T, Krumeich F, Shih CJ. Confinement-Tunable Transition Dipole Moment Orientation in Perovskite Nanoplatelet Solids and Binary Blends. ACS NANO 2022; 16:18459-18471. [PMID: 36350363 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the transition dipole moment (TDM) orientation in low-dimensional semiconductors is of fundamental and practical interest, as it enables high-efficiency nanophotonics and light-emitting diodes. However, despite recent progress in nanomaterials physics and chemistry, material systems that allow continuous tuning of the TDM orientation remain rare. Here, combining k-space photoluminescence spectroscopy and multiscale modeling, we demonstrate that the TDM orientation in lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanoplatelet (NPL) solids is largely confinement-tunable through the NPL geometry that regulates the anisotropy of Bloch states, dielectric confinement, and exciton fine structure. We further quantified the role of uniaxial ordering during NPL assembly in modifying the macroscopic emission directionality of thin films, which is especially important in actual optoelectronic devices. Our theoretical framework successfully corroborates the previous prediction of exciton bright level order reversal with experimental evidence of a counterintuitive reduction of in-plane dipole ratio in ultrathin (one- and two-monolayer-thick) NPLs, even at room temperature. More interestingly, the NPLs retain their TDM orientation in binary blends irrespective of interparticle energy transfer, owing to the phase segregation and NPL-NPL decoupling, enabling the design of films whose fluorescence exhibits an intrinsic angle-dependent color gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Marcato
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Krumeich
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chih-Jen Shih
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093Zürich, Switzerland
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36
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Han Y, Liang W, Lin X, Li Y, Sun F, Zhang F, Sercel PC, Wu K. Lattice distortion inducing exciton splitting and coherent quantum beating in CsPbI 3 perovskite quantum dots. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:1282-1289. [PMID: 36075966 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic exchange splitting in semiconductor quantum dots results in bright-exciton fine-structure splitting important for quantum information processing. Direct measurement of fine-structure splitting usually requires single/few quantum dots at liquid-helium temperature because of its sensitivity to quantum dot size and shape, whereas measuring and controlling fine-structure splitting at an ensemble level seem to be impossible unless all the dots are made to be nearly identical. Here we report strong bright-exciton fine-structure splitting up to 1.6 meV in solution-processed CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots, manifested as quantum beats in ensemble-level transient absorption at liquid-nitrogen to room temperature. The splitting is robust to quantum dot size and shape heterogeneity, and increases with decreasing temperature, pointing towards a mechanism associated with orthorhombic distortion of the perovskite lattice. Effective-mass-approximation calculations reveal an intrinsic 'fine-structure gap' that agrees well with the observed fine-structure splitting. This gap stems from an avoided crossing of bright excitons confined in orthorhombically distorted quantum dots that are bounded by the pseudocubic {100} family of planes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Xuyang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Fengke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Peter C Sercel
- Center for Hybrid Organic Inorganic Semiconductors for Energy, Golden, CO, USA.
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
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37
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Yumoto G, Kanemitsu Y. Biexciton dynamics in halide perovskite nanocrystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22405-22425. [PMID: 36106456 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02826c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals are attracting considerable interest as next-generation optoelectronic materials. Optical responses of nanocrystals are determined by excitons and exciton complexes such as trions and biexcitons. Understanding of their dynamics is indispensable for the optimal design of optoelectronic devices and the development of new functional properties. Here, we summarize the recent advances on the exciton and biexciton photophysics in lead halide perovskite nanocrystals revealed by femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy and single-dot spectroscopy. We discuss the impact of the biexciton dynamics on controlling and improving the optical gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Yumoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiko Kanemitsu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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38
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Cho K, Tahara H, Yamada T, Suzuura H, Tadano T, Sato R, Saruyama M, Hirori H, Teranishi T, Kanemitsu Y. Exciton-Phonon and Trion-Phonon Couplings Revealed by Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of Single CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7674-7681. [PMID: 36121354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have outstanding photoluminescence (PL) properties and excellent potential for light-emitting diodes and single-photon sources. Here, we report the multiple-peak structures originating from excitons, trions, and biexcitons in low-temperature PL spectra of single CsPbBr3 NCs. We found fine-structure splitting in the PL peaks of bright excitons and biexcitons and also in the longitudinal-optical (LO)-phonon replicas of excitons. LO-phonon replicas of trions are clearly observed under strong photoexcitation, which do not show fine-structure splitting. From size-dependent analyses of these replicas, we clarified that both exciton-phonon and trion-phonon couplings become larger for smaller NCs and the coupling strengths of trions are larger than those of excitons in large NCs. These behaviors can be explained by the spatial distributions of the electron and hole wave functions in the NCs. Our findings provide essential information on electron-phonon couplings in perovskites and for the design of high-purity single-photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Cho
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamada
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Suzuura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Terumasa Tadano
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masaki Saruyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirori
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kanemitsu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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39
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Wang S, Dyksik M, Lampe C, Gramlich M, Maude DK, Baranowski M, Urban AS, Plochocka P, Surrente A. Thickness-Dependent Dark-Bright Exciton Splitting and Phonon Bottleneck in CsPbBr 3-Based Nanoplatelets Revealed via Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7011-7019. [PMID: 36036573 PMCID: PMC9479212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The optimized exploitation of perovskite nanocrystals and nanoplatelets as highly efficient light sources requires a detailed understanding of the energy spacing within the exciton manifold. Dark exciton states are particularly relevant because they represent a channel that reduces radiative efficiency. Here, we apply large in-plane magnetic fields to brighten optically inactive states of CsPbBr3-based nanoplatelets for the first time. This approach allows us to access the dark states and directly determine the dark-bright splitting, which reaches 22 meV for the thinnest nanoplatelets. The splitting is significantly less for thicker nanoplatelets due to reduced exciton confinement. Additionally, the form of the magneto-PL spectrum suggests that dark and bright state populations are nonthermalized, which is indicative of a phonon bottleneck in the exciton relaxation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Wang
- Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228,
Université Grenoble Alpes, Université
Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 38042 Grenoble
and 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Mateusz Dyksik
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Carola Lampe
- Nanospectroscopy
Group and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München (LMU), Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Moritz Gramlich
- Nanospectroscopy
Group and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München (LMU), Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Duncan K. Maude
- Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228,
Université Grenoble Alpes, Université
Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 38042 Grenoble
and 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Michał Baranowski
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alexander S. Urban
- Nanospectroscopy
Group and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München (LMU), Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228,
Université Grenoble Alpes, Université
Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 38042 Grenoble
and 31400 Toulouse, France
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Surrente
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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40
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Cao Y, Shao Y, Zhang J, Chen C, Wang Q. The photothermal stability study of silica-coated CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Kim YH, Park J, Kim S, Kim JS, Xu H, Jeong SH, Hu B, Lee TW. Exploiting the full advantages of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals for large-area efficient light-emitting diodes. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:590-597. [PMID: 35577974 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cost-effective, high-throughput industrial applications of metal halide perovskites in large-area displays are hampered by the fundamental difficulty of controlling the process of polycrystalline film formation from precursors, which results in the random growth of crystals, leading to non-uniform large grains and thus low electroluminescence efficiency in large-area perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Here we report that highly efficient large-area PeLEDs with high uniformity can be realized through the use of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs), decoupling the crystallization of perovskites from film formation. PNCs were precrystallized and surrounded by organic ligands, and thus they were not affected by the film formation process, in which a simple modified bar-coating method facilitated the evaporation of residual solvent to provide uniform large-area films. PeLEDs incorporating the uniform bar-coated PNC films achieved an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23.26% for a pixel size of 4 mm2 and an EQE of 22.5% for a large pixel area of 102 mm2 with high reproducibility. This method provides a promising approach towards the development of large-scale industrial displays and solid-state lighting using perovskite emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hengxing Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Su-Hun Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Soft Foundry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Tonkaev P, Sinev IS, Rybin MV, Makarov SV, Kivshar Y. Multifunctional and Transformative Metaphotonics with Emerging Materials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15414-15449. [PMID: 35549165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Future technologies underpinning multifunctional physical and chemical systems and compact biological sensors will rely on densely packed transformative and tunable circuitry employing nanophotonics. For many years, plasmonics was considered as the only available platform for subwavelength optics, but the recently emerged field of resonant metaphotonics may provide a versatile practical platform for nanoscale science by employing resonances in high-index dielectric nanoparticles and metasurfaces. Here, we discuss the recently emerged field of metaphotonics and describe its connection to material science and chemistry. For tunabilty, metaphotonics employs a variety of the recently highlighted materials such as polymers, perovskites, transition metal dichalcogenides, and phase change materials. This allows to achieve diverse functionalities of metasystems and metasurfaces for efficient spatial and temporal control of light by employing multipolar resonances and the physics of bound states in the continuum. We anticipate expanding applications of these concepts in nanolasers, tunable metadevices, metachemistry, as well as a design of a new generation of chemical and biological ultracompact sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Tonkaev
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Ivan S Sinev
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Rybin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia.,Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Sergey V Makarov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
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43
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Talianov PM, Yakubova AA, Bukreeva A, Masharin M, Eliseev IE, Zelenkov L, Muslimov AR, Bukatin A, Gordeeva A, Kudryavtseva V, Makarov SV, Sukhorukov GB, Timin AS, Zyuzin MV. Incorporation of Perovskite Nanocrystals into Polymer Matrix for Enhanced Stability in Biological Media: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2411-2420. [PMID: 35426657 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The outstanding optical properties and multiphoton absorption of lead halide perovskites make them promising for use as fluorescence tags in bioimaging applications. However, their poor stability in aqueous media and biological fluids significantly limits their further use for in vitro and in vivo applications. In this work, we have developed a universal approach for the encapsulation of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) (CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3) as water-resistant fluorescent markers, which are suitable for fluorescence bioimaging. The obtained encapsulated PNCs demonstrate bright green emission at 510 nm (CsPbBr3) and red emission at 688 nm (CsPbI3) under one- and two-photon excitation, and they possess an enhanced stability in water and biological fluids (PBS, human serum) for a prolonged period of time (1 week). Further in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed enhanced stability of PNCs even after their introduction directly into the biological microenvironment (CT26 cells and DBA mice). The developed approach allows making a step toward stable, low-cost, and highly efficient bioimaging platforms that are spectrally tunable and have narrow emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel M Talianov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia A Yakubova
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources, Alferov University, Khlopin St. 8/3, St. Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia Bukreeva
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Masharin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Igor E Eliseev
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources, Alferov University, Khlopin St. 8/3, St. Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation
| | - Lev Zelenkov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Albert R Muslimov
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources, Alferov University, Khlopin St. 8/3, St. Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation
| | - Anton Bukatin
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources, Alferov University, Khlopin St. 8/3, St. Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra Gordeeva
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russian Federation
| | - Valeriya Kudryavtseva
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Sergey V Makarov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Gleb B Sukhorukov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russian Federation.,School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander S Timin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation.,Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Zyuzin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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44
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Gao Q, Kang J. Hot carrier relaxation in CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals: electron-hole asymmetry and shape effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9891-9896. [PMID: 35416203 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00634k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of the optoelectronic performance of lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals calls for understanding and manipulation of their hot carrier relaxation processes. In this work, the hot carrier relaxation in a nanocube (NC) and a nanoplate (NPL) of CsPbBr3 is studied using non-adiabatic molecular dynamics based on first-principles calculations. Strong electron-hole asymmetry in the relaxation processes is observed. Regardless of the nanocrystal shape, the hot hole cooling rate is much faster than that of hot electrons. Moreover, while the hot-hole relaxation is insensitive to the excitation energy, faster relaxation of hot electrons is observed with a lower excitation energy. The origin of the asymmetry is associated with the orbital characters and density of states at the band edges. The hot-hole relaxation is strongly affected by the shape of the nanocrystal. It is faster in the NPL than in the NC. This is attributed to the larger atomic displacements in the NPL due to its higher surface/volume ratio. These results provide theoretical insights for fundamental understanding of excited-state dynamics in LHPs and may help the development of hot-carrier optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jun Kang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China.
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45
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Tang Y, Yin C, Jing Q, Zhang C, Yu ZG, Lu Z, Xiao M, Wang X. Quantized Exciton Motion and Fine Energy-Level Structure of a Single Perovskite Nanowire. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2907-2914. [PMID: 35362973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The quantum-confinement effect profoundly influences the exciton energy-level structures and recombination dynamics of semiconductor nanostructures but remains largely unexplored in traditional one-dimensional nanowires mainly due to their poor optical qualities. Here, we show that in defect-tolerant perovskite material of highly luminescent CsPbBr3 nanowires, the exciton's center-of-mass motion perpendicular to the axial direction is severely confined. This is reflected in the two sets of photoluminescence spectra emitted from a single CsPbBr3 nanowire, each of which consists of doublet peaks with linear polarizations perpendicular and parallel to the axial direction. Moreover, different exciton states can be mixed by the Rashba spin-orbit coupling effect, resulting in two single photoluminescence peaks with linear polarizations both along the nanowire axis. The above findings mark the emergence of an ideal platform for the exploration of intrinsic one-dimensional exciton photophysics and optoelectronics, thus bridging the long-missing research gap between the well-studied two- and zero-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunyang Yin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qiang Jing
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yu
- Sivananthan Laboratories, Bolingbrook, Illinois 60440, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Zhenda Lu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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46
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Transient quantum beatings of trions in hybrid organic tri-iodine perovskite single crystal. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1428. [PMID: 35301328 PMCID: PMC8931091 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilizing the spin degree of freedom of photoexcitations in hybrid organic inorganic perovskites for quantum information science applications has been recently proposed and explored. However, it is still unclear whether the stable photoexcitations in these compounds correspond to excitons, free/trapped electron-hole pairs, or charged exciton complexes such as trions. Here we investigate quantum beating oscillations in the picosecond time-resolved circularly polarized photoinduced reflection of single crystal methyl-ammonium tri-iodine perovskite (MAPbI3) measured at cryogenic temperatures. We observe two quantum beating oscillations (fast and slow) whose frequencies increase linearly with B with slopes that depend on the crystal orientation with respect to the applied magnetic field. We assign the quantum beatings to positive and negative trions whose Landé g-factors are determined by those of the electron and hole, respectively, or by the carriers left behind after trion recombination. These are \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${g}_{[001]}^{e}$$\end{document}g[001]e = 2.52 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${g}_{[1\bar{1}0]}^{e}\,$$\end{document}g[11¯0]e= 2.63 for electrons, whereas \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\big|{g}_{[001]}^{h}\big|\,$$\end{document}g[001]h= 0.28 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\big|{g}_{[1\bar{1}0]}^{h}\big|\,$$\end{document}g[11¯0]h= 0.57 for holes. The obtained g-values are in excellent agreement with an 8-band K.P calculation for orthorhombic MAPbI3. Using the technique of resonant spin amplification of the quantum beatings we measure a relatively long spin coherence time of ~ 11 (6) nanoseconds for electrons (holes) at 4 K. Understanding photo-physics giving rise to quantum beating oscillations in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites aids their applications in spintronics and quantum information science. Here, authors demonstrate that quantum beatings observed in single crystal perovskite at cryogenic temperatures are originating from positive and negative trions.
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47
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Otero-Martínez C, Ye J, Sung J, Pastoriza-Santos I, Pérez-Juste J, Xia Z, Rao A, Hoye RLZ, Polavarapu L. Colloidal Metal-Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets: Thickness-Controlled Synthesis, Properties, and Application in Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107105. [PMID: 34775643 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals (MHP NCs) are gaining significant attention for a wide range of optoelectronics applications owing to their exciting properties, such as defect tolerance, near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield, and tunable emission across the entire visible wavelength range. Although the optical properties of MHP NCs are easily tunable through their halide composition, they suffer from light-induced halide phase segregation that limits their use in devices. However, MHPs can be synthesized in the form of colloidal nanoplatelets (NPls) with monolayer (ML)-level thickness control, exhibiting strong quantum confinement effects, and thus enabling tunable emission across the entire visible wavelength range by controlling the thickness of bromide or iodide-based lead-halide perovskite NPls. In addition, the NPls exhibit narrow emission peaks, have high exciton binding energies, and a higher fraction of radiative recombination compared to their bulk counterparts, making them ideal candidates for applications in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This review discusses the state-of-the-art in colloidal MHP NPls: synthetic routes, thickness-controlled synthesis of both organic-inorganic hybrid and all-inorganic MHP NPls, their linear and nonlinear optical properties (including charge-carrier dynamics), and their performance in LEDs. Furthermore, the challenges associated with their thickness-controlled synthesis, environmental and thermal stability, and their application in making efficient LEDs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Otero-Martínez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Deparment of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Isabel Pastoriza-Santos
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Deparment of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Juste
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Deparment of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Zhiguo Xia
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
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48
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Liu A. Measuring Exciton Fine-Structure in Randomly Oriented Perovskite Nanocrystal Ensembles Using Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy: Theory. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050801. [PMID: 35269289 PMCID: PMC8912615 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) exhibit unique optoelectronic properties, many of which originate from a purported bright-triplet exciton fine-structure. A major impediment to measuring this fine-structure is inhomogeneous spectral broadening, which has limited most experimental studies to single-nanocrystal spectroscopies. It is shown here that the linearly polarized single-particle selection rules in PNCs are preserved in nonlinear spectroscopies of randomly oriented ensembles. Simulations incorporating rotational averaging demonstrate that techniques such as transient absorption and two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy are capable of resolving exciton fine-structure in PNCs, even in the presence of inhomogeneous broadening and orientation disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Liu
- Condensed Matter Dynamics Department, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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49
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Paritmongkol W, Lee WS, Shcherbakov-Wu W, Ha SK, Sakurada T, Oh SJ, Tisdale WA. Morphological Control of 2D Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Semiconductor AgSePh. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2054-2065. [PMID: 35098708 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver phenylselenolate (AgSePh) is a hybrid organic-inorganic two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor exhibiting narrow blue emission, in-plane anisotropy, and large exciton binding energy. Here, we show that the addition of carefully chosen solvent vapors during the chemical transformation of metallic silver to AgSePh allows for control over the size and orientation of AgSePh crystals. By testing 28 solvent vapors (with different polarities, boiling points, and functional groups), we controlled the resulting crystal size from <200 nm up to a few μm. Furthermore, choice of solvent vapor can substantially improve the orientational homogeneity of 2D crystals with respect to the substrate. In particular, solvents known to form complexes with silver ions, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), led to the largest lateral crystal dimensions and parallel crystal orientation. We perform systematic optical and electrical characterizations on DMSO vapor-grown AgSePh films demonstrating improved crystalline quality, lower defect densities, higher photoconductivity, lower dark conductivity, suppression of ionic migration, and reduced midgap photoluminescence at low temperature. Overall, this work provides a strategy for realizing AgSePh films with improved optical properties and reveals the roles of solvent vapors on the chemical transformation of metallic silver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharaphol Paritmongkol
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Woo Seok Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wenbi Shcherbakov-Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Seung Kyun Ha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tomoaki Sakurada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Soong Ju Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - William A Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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50
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Gramlich M, Swift MW, Lampe C, Lyons JL, Döblinger M, Efros AL, Sercel PC, Urban AS. Dark and Bright Excitons in Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103013. [PMID: 34939751 PMCID: PMC8844578 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs), with their large exciton binding energy, narrow photoluminescence (PL), and absence of dielectric screening for photons emitted normal to the NPL surface, could be expected to become the fastest luminophores amongst all colloidal nanostructures. However, super-fast emission is suppressed by a dark (optically passive) exciton ground state, substantially split from a higher-lying bright (optically active) state. Here, the exciton fine structure in 2-8 monolayer (ML) thick Csn - 1 Pbn Br3n + 1 NPLs is revealed by merging temperature-resolved PL spectra and time-resolved PL decay with an effective mass model taking quantum confinement and dielectric confinement anisotropy into account. This approach exposes a thickness-dependent bright-dark exciton splitting reaching 32.3 meV for the 2 ML NPLs. The model also reveals a 5-16 meV splitting of the bright exciton states with transition dipoles polarized parallel and perpendicular to the NPL surfaces, the order of which is reversed for the thinnest NPLs, as confirmed by TR-PL measurements. Accordingly, the individual bright states must be taken into account, while the dark exciton state strongly affects the optical properties of the thinnest NPLs even at room temperature. Significantly, the derived model can be generalized for any isotropically or anisotropically confined nanostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Gramlich
- Nanospectroscopy GroupNano‐Institute MunichDepartment of PhysicsLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München (LMU)Munich80539Germany
| | - Michael W. Swift
- Center for Computational Materials ScienceU.S. Naval Research LaboratoryWashington D.C.20375USA
| | - Carola Lampe
- Nanospectroscopy GroupNano‐Institute MunichDepartment of PhysicsLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München (LMU)Munich80539Germany
| | - John L. Lyons
- Center for Computational Materials ScienceU.S. Naval Research LaboratoryWashington D.C.20375USA
| | - Markus Döblinger
- Department of ChemistryLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München (LMU) & Center for NanoScience (CeNS)Munich81377Germany
| | - Alexander L. Efros
- Center for Computational Materials ScienceU.S. Naval Research LaboratoryWashington D.C.20375USA
| | - Peter C. Sercel
- Center for Hybrid Organic Inorganic Semiconductors for EnergyGoldenCO80401USA
| | - Alexander S. Urban
- Nanospectroscopy GroupNano‐Institute MunichDepartment of PhysicsLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München (LMU)Munich80539Germany
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