1
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Yao J, Yang C, Wen R, Liu T, Ding L, Yao Z, Fang Y. Integrated Sensing Platform Validated for the Efficient and On-Site Screening of Amine-Containing Illicit Drugs. ACS Sens 2024; 9:4608-4616. [PMID: 39116022 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Efficient and reliable technologies for the on-site detection of illicit drugs are important in drug-facilitated crime investigations. However, the development of such technologies is challenging. Based on the synthetic optimization, introducing a boron ester functional group to the two furanic indicators endows the stimulus-responsive properties synergistically. The ring-opening reaction of the indicators in the presence of amine-containing illicit drugs generated well-known donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts, accompanied by strong color changes. A small-size and lightweight laminated sensor was integrated based on the outstanding ratiometric variations of the two active furanic indicators. A prototype platform was fabricated equipped with a circuit control, a mini pump, and a signal processing system. A user-friendly detection and efficient screening of amine-containing illicit drugs, including phenethylamines, amphetamines, cathinones, and tryptamines in the liquid states were conducted. The ratiometric response of the sensor was linear in the concentration range of 2.1-10.6 μg·mL-1 for methamphetamine·HCl and methcathinone ·HCl. The detection limits for the two illicit drugs at the sublevel (ng·mL-1) were found to be 8.4 and 9.0 ng·mL-1, respectively. Double-blind field tests and different illicit drugs were evaluated with good screening capability. Successful trials showed the potential applications of the developed prototype platform for efficient and on-site analytical determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Chun Yang
- National Anti-Drug Laboratory Shaanxi Regional Center (Anti-Drug Technology Center of Shaanxi Provincial Public Security Department), Xi'an 710115, P. R. China
| | - Ruijuan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Liping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yao
- National Anti-Drug Laboratory Shaanxi Regional Center (Anti-Drug Technology Center of Shaanxi Provincial Public Security Department), Xi'an 710115, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
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2
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Bastick KAC, Roberts DD, Watson AJB. The current utility and future potential of multiborylated alkanes. Nat Rev Chem 2024:10.1038/s41570-024-00650-x. [PMID: 39327469 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Organoboron chemistry has become a cornerstone of modern synthetic methodology. Most of these reactions use an organoboron starting material that contains just one C(sp2)-B or C(sp3)-B bond; however, there has been a recent and accelerating trend to prepare multiborylated alkanes that possess two or more C(sp3)-B bonds. This is despite a lack of general reactivity, meaning many of these compounds currently offer limited downstream synthetic value. This Review summarizes recent advances in the exploration of multiborylated alkanes, including a discussion on how these products may be elaborated in further synthetic manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kane A C Bastick
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Dean D Roberts
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Allan J B Watson
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, UK.
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3
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Hanania N, Eghbarieh N, Masarwa A. PolyBorylated Alkenes as Energy-Transfer Reactive Groups: Access to Multi-Borylated Cyclobutanes Combined with Hydrogen Atom Transfer Event. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405898. [PMID: 38603554 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
While polyborylated alkenes are being recognized for their elevated status as highly valuable reagents in modern organic synthesis, allowing efficient access to a diverse array of transformations, including the formation of C-C and C-heteroatom bonds, their potential as energy-transfer reactive groups has remained unexplored. Yet, this potential holds the key to generating elusive polyborylated biradical species, which can be captured by olefins, thereby leading to the construction of new highly-borylated scaffolds. Herein, we report a designed energy-transfer strategy for photosensitized [2+2]-cycloadditions of poly-borylated alkenes with various olefins enabling the regioselective synthesis of diverse poly-borylated cyclobutane motifs, including the 1,1-di-, 1,1,2-tri-, and 1,1,2,2-tetra-borylated cyclobutanes. In fact, these compounds belong to a family that presently lacks efficient synthetic pathways. Interestingly, when α-methylstyrene was used, the reaction involves an interesting 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). Mechanistic deuterium-labeling studies have provided insight into the outcome of 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer process. In addition, the polyborylated cyclobutanes are then demonstrated to be useful in selective oxidation processes resulting in the formation of cyclobutanones and γ-lactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hanania
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Nadim Eghbarieh
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Ahmad Masarwa
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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4
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McVeigh MS, Sorrentino JP, Hands AT, Garg NK. Access to Complex Scaffolds Through [2 + 2] Cycloadditions of Strained Cyclic Allenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15420-15427. [PMID: 38768558 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
We report the strain-induced [2 + 2] cycloadditions of cyclic allenes for the assembly of highly substituted cyclobutanes. By judicious choice of trapping agent, complex scaffolds bearing heteroatoms, fused rings, contiguous stereocenters, spirocycles, and quaternary centers are ultimately accessible. Moreover, we show that the resulting cycloadducts can undergo thermal isomerization. This study provides an alternative strategy to photochemical [2 + 2] cycloadditions for accessing highly functionalized cyclobutanes, while validating the use of underexplored strained intermediates for the assembly of complex architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S McVeigh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jacob P Sorrentino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Allison T Hands
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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5
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Guevara UJ, Núñez J, Pérez LM, Tiutiunnyk A, Urdaneta N, Cisternas E, Laroze D. Optoelectronic Response to the Fluor Ion Bond on 4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxoborolan-2-yl)benzaldehyde. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5000. [PMID: 38732218 PMCID: PMC11084352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Boronate esters are a class of compounds containing a boron atom bonded to two oxygen atoms in an ester group, often being used as precursors in the synthesis of other materials. The characterization of the structure and properties of esters is usually carried out by UV-visible, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques. With the aim to better understand our experimental data, in this article, the density functional theory (DFT) is used to analyze the UV-visible and infrared spectra, as well as the isotropic shielding and chemical shifts of the hydrogen atoms 1H, carbon 13C and boron 11B in the compound 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxoborolan-2-yl)benzaldehyde. Furthermore, this study considers the change in its electronic and spectroscopic properties of this particular ester, when its boron atom is coordinated with a fluoride anion. The calculations were carried out using the LSDA and B3LYP functionals in Gaussian-16, and PBE in CASTEP. The results show that the B3LYP functional gives the best approximation to the experimental data. The formation of a coordinated covalent B-F bond highlights the remarkable sensitivity of the NMR chemical shifts of carbon, oxygen, and boron atoms and their surroundings. Furthermore, this bond also highlights the changes in the electron transitions bands n → π* and π → π* during the absorption and emission of a photon in the UV-vis, and in the stretching bands of the C=C bonds, and bending of BO2 in the infrared spectrum. This study not only contributes to the understanding of the properties of boronate esters but also provides important information on the interactions and responses optoelectronic of the compound when is bonded to a fluorine atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises J. Guevara
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (U.J.G.)
| | - Jesús Núñez
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Politécnica Territorial del Oeste de Sucre “Clodosbaldo Russian”, Cumaná 6101, Venezuela
| | - Laura M. Pérez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - Anton Tiutiunnyk
- Departamento de Física, FACI, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - Neudo Urdaneta
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Simón Bolívar (USB), Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Eduardo Cisternas
- Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - David Laroze
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (U.J.G.)
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6
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Posz JM, Sharma N, Royalty PA, Liu Y, Salome C, Fessard TC, Brown MK. Synthesis of Borylated Carbocycles by [2 + 2]-Cycloadditions and Photo-Ene Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10142-10149. [PMID: 38536870 PMCID: PMC11041674 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Saturated bicyclic compounds make up a valuable class of building blocks in the development of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Here, we present the synthesis of borylated bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes via crossed [2 + 2]-cycloaddition. Due to the presence of the C-B bond, a variety of structures can be easily prepared that are not accessible by other methods. Moreover, a rare photo-ene reaction is also disclosed, allowing for the diastereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted borylated cyclopentanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarett M Posz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Neetu Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Paige A Royalty
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Yanyao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Christophe Salome
- SpiroChem AG, Rosental Area, WRO-1047-3, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Thomas C Fessard
- SpiroChem AG, Rosental Area, WRO-1047-3, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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7
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Prysiazhniuk K, Polishchuk O, Shulha S, Gudzikevych K, Datsenko OP, Kubyshkin V, Mykhailiuk PK. Borylated cyclobutanes via thermal [2 + 2]-cycloaddition. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3249-3254. [PMID: 38425521 PMCID: PMC10901489 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06600b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A one-step approach to borylated cyclobutanes from amides of carboxylic acids and vinyl boronates is elaborated. The reaction proceeds via the thermal [2 + 2]-cycloaddition of in situ-generated keteniminium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Prysiazhniuk
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill St. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine https://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Oleksandr Polishchuk
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill St. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine https://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Stanislav Shulha
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill St. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine https://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Kyrylo Gudzikevych
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill St. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine https://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Oleksandr P Datsenko
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill St. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine https://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Vladimir Kubyshkin
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill St. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine https://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill St. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine https://www.mykhailiukchem.org
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8
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Liashuk OS, Grygorenko OO, Volovenko YM, Waser J. Photochemical [2+2] Cycloaddition of Alkynyl Boronates. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301650. [PMID: 37394686 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition of alkynyl boronates and maleimides is reported. The developed protocol provided 35-70 % yield of maleimide-derived cyclobutenyl boronates and demonstrated wide compatibility with various functional groups. The synthetic utility of the prepared building blocks was demonstrated for a range of transformations, including Suzuki cross-coupling, catalytic or metal-hydride reduction, oxidation, and cycloaddition reactions. With aryl-substituted alkynyl boronates, the products of double [2+2] cycloaddition were obtained predominantly. Using the developed protocol, a cyclobutene-derived analogue of Thalidomide was prepared in one step. Mechanistic studies supported the participation of the triplet-excited state maleimides and ground state alkynyl boronates in the key step of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr S Liashuk
- Chemical Faculty, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyїv, Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, 01601, Kyїv, Ukraine
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Enamine Ltd., Kyiv, Winston Churchill Street 78, 02094, Kyїv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Chemical Faculty, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyїv, Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, 01601, Kyїv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., Kyiv, Winston Churchill Street 78, 02094, Kyїv, Ukraine
| | - Yulian M Volovenko
- Chemical Faculty, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyїv, Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, 01601, Kyїv, Ukraine
| | - Jérôme Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Guevara UJ, R. JBN, Lozada-Yavina R, Tiutiunnyk A, Pérez LM, Díaz P, Urdaneta N, Laroze D. Characterization of the 1-(5-(4,5-Dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxoborolan-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)ethanone Using NMR 13C, 1H and 11B through the Density Functional Theory. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3037. [PMID: 37109875 PMCID: PMC10140964 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of computational methods that allow us to perform characterization on new compounds is not a novelty; nevertheless, the degree of complexity of the structures makes their study more challenging since new techniques and methods are required to adjust to the new structural model. The case of nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of boronate esters is fascinating because of its widespread use in materials science. In this paper, we use density functional theory to characterize the structure of the compound 1-[5-(4,5-Dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl]ethanonea by means of nuclear magnetic resonance. We studied the compound in its solid form with the PBE-GGA and PBEsol-GGA functionals, with a set of plane wave functions and an augmented wave projector, which included gauge in CASTEP and its molecular structure with the B3LYP functional using the package Gaussian 09. In addition, we performed the optimization and calculation of the chemical shifts and isotropic nuclear magnetic resonance shielding of 1H, 13C, and 11B. Finally, we analyzed and compared the theoretical results with experimental diffractometric data observing a good approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises J. Guevara
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - Jesús B. Núñez R.
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Politécnica Territorial del Oeste de Sucre “Clodosbaldo Russian”, Cumaná 6101, Venezuela
| | - Rafael Lozada-Yavina
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480112, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Lima 15046, Peru
| | - Anton Tiutiunnyk
- Departamento de Física, FACI, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - Laura M. Pérez
- Departamento de Física, FACI, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - Pablo Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Neudo Urdaneta
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Simón Bolívar (USB), Caracas 1020, Venezuela
| | - David Laroze
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
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10
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Spohr S, Fürstner A. Studies toward Providencin: The Furanyl-Cyclobutanol Segment. Org Lett 2023; 25:1536-1540. [PMID: 36847332 PMCID: PMC10012265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The furanocembranoid providencin remains an unconquered bastion, although the synthesis of 17-deoxyprovidencin─lacking a single -OH group─has been accomplished in the past. This paper describes a practical approach to a properly hydroxylated building block via an iridium-catalyzed photosensitized intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition as the key step. While an attempt to convert this compound into providencin via RCAM failed, it might well be elaborated into the natural product by adopting the literature route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon
M. Spohr
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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11
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Rybicka-Jasińska K, Szeptuch Z, Kubiszewski H, Kowaluk A. Electrochemical Cycloaddition Reactions of Alkene Radical Cations: A Route toward Cyclopropanes and Cyclobutanes. Org Lett 2023; 25:1142-1146. [PMID: 36786497 PMCID: PMC9972478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a mild and efficient electrochemical method for cycloaddition reactions of alkene radical cations. Anodic oxidation of olefins produces electrophilic alkene radical cations, which further react with either diazo compounds in a [2 + 1] cycloaddition toward cyclopropane synthesis, or styrene derivatives in a [2 + 2] cycloaddition producing cyclobutanes. Both processes are green, metal- and catalyst-free, and scalable and tolerate a broad range of electron-rich olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zuzanna Szeptuch
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland,Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Kubiszewski
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kowaluk
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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McDonald TR, Rousseaux SAL. Synthesis of 3-borylated cyclobutanols from epihalohydrins or epoxy alcohol derivatives. Chem Sci 2023; 14:963-969. [PMID: 36755731 PMCID: PMC9890513 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06088d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in cyclobutanes within the medicinal chemistry community. Therefore, methods to prepare cyclobutanes that contain synthetic handles for further elaboration are of interest. Herein, we report a new approach for the synthesis of 3-borylated cyclobutanols via a formal [3 + 1]-cycloaddition using readily accessible 1,1-diborylalkanes and epihalohydrins or epoxy alcohol derivatives. 1-Substituted epibromohydrin starting materials provide access to borylated cyclobutanols containing substituents at three of the four positions on the cyclobutane core, and enantioenriched epibromohydrins lead to enantioenriched cyclobutanols with high levels of enantiospecificity (>98%). Finally, derivatization studies demonstrate the synthetic utility of both the OH and Bpin handles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R. McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto. 80 St. George StreetTorontoONCanada
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13
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Skolia E, Kokotos CG. Photochemical [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Alkenes with Maleimides: Highlighting the Differences between N-Alkyl vs N-Aryl Maleimides. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 3:96-103. [PMID: 37035280 PMCID: PMC10080724 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the last 15 years, there has been increased research interest in the use of light promoting organic transformations. [2 + 2] Cycloadditions are usually performed photochemically; however, literature precedent on the reaction between olefins and maleimides is limited to a handful of literature examples, focusing mainly on N-aliphatic maleimides or using metal catalysts for visible-light driven reactions of N-aromatic maleimides. Herein, we identify the differences in reactivity between N-alkyl and N-aryl maleimides. For our optimized protocols, in the case of N-alkyl maleimides, the reaction with alkenes proceeds under 370 nm irradiation in the absence of an external photocatalyst, leading to products in high yields. In the case of N-aryl maleimides, the reaction with olefins requires thioxanthone as the photosensitizer under 440 nm irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elpida Skolia
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Christoforos G. Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece
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14
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Zhang T, Cusumano AQ, Hafeman NJ, Loskot SA, Reimann CE, Virgil SC, Goddard WA, Stoltz BM. Investigations of an Unexpected [2+2] Photocycloaddition in the Synthesis of (-)-Scabrolide A from Quantum Mechanics Calculations. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14115-14124. [PMID: 36269312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We utilize ab initio quantum mechanics calculations to evaluate a range of plausible mechanistic pathways for the unexpected formation of a [6-4-4] ring system from an enone-olefin photocycloaddition in the synthesis of (-)-scabrolide A, previously reported by our group. We present a mechanistic analysis that is consistent with all current experimental observations, including the photoexcitation, the C-C bond formation, and the associated chemo- and diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhang
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Alexander Q Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Nicholas J Hafeman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Steven A Loskot
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Christopher E Reimann
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Scott C Virgil
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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15
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Liu Y, Ni D, Brown MK. Boronic Ester Enabled [2 + 2]-Cycloadditions by Temporary Coordination: Synthesis of Artochamin J and Piperarborenine B. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18790-18796. [PMID: 36200833 PMCID: PMC9832331 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for the photosensitized cycloaddition of alkenylboronates and allylic alcohols by a temporary coordination is presented. The process allows for the synthesis of a diverse range of cyclobutylboronates. Key to development of these reactions is the temporary coordination of the allylic alcohol to the Bpin unit. This not only allows for the reaction to proceed in an intramolecular manner but also allows for high levels of stereo and regiocontrol. A key aspect of these studies is the utility of the cycloadducts in the synthesis of complex natural products artochamin J and piperarborenine B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Dongshun Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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16
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Cossy J, Polàk P, Ruer PC. Incorporation of a cyclobutyl substituent in molecules by transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7529-7553. [PMID: 36148586 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01045c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the incorporation of a cyclobutyl substituent in molecules, by transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling, is described by only considering the formation of C-C bonds. Three main strategies are used to introduce a cyclobutyl substituent in molecules by involving either electrophilic or nucleophilic cyclobutane derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular chemistry and Materials (C3M), ESPCI Paris, PSL, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Peter Polàk
- Molecular, Macromolecular chemistry and Materials (C3M), ESPCI Paris, PSL, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Paul C Ruer
- Molecular, Macromolecular chemistry and Materials (C3M), ESPCI Paris, PSL, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
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17
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Marotta A, Adams CE, Molloy JJ. The Impact of Boron Hybridisation on Photocatalytic Processes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207067. [PMID: 35748797 PMCID: PMC9544826 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently the fruitful merger of organoboron chemistry and photocatalysis has come to the forefront of organic synthesis, resulting in the development of new technologies to access complex (non)borylated frameworks. Central to the success of this combination is control of boron hybridisation. Contingent on the photoactivation mode, boron as its neutral planar form or tetrahedral boronate can be used to regulate reactivity. This Minireview highlights the current state of the art in photocatalytic processes utilising organoboron compounds, paying particular attention to the role of boron hybridisation for the target transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marotta
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Callum E. Adams
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - John J. Molloy
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
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18
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Li C, Swenson DC, MacGillivray LR. Programming Rapid Functional Group Diversification into a Solid‐State Reaction: Aryl Nitriles for Self‐Assembly, Click Reactivity, and Discovery of Coexisting Supramolecular Synthons. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200978. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changan Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242–1294 USA
| | - Dale C. Swenson
- Department of Chemistry University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242–1294 USA
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19
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Marotta A, Adams CE, Molloy J. The Impact of Boron Hybridisation on Photocatalytic Processes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marotta
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung biomolecular systems GERMANY
| | - Callum E. Adams
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung biomolecular systems department GERMANY
| | - John Molloy
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Biomolecular Sytems Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam GERMANY
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20
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Liu Y, Ni D, Stevenson BG, Tripathy V, Braley SE, Raghavachari K, Swierk JR, Brown MK. Photosensitized [2+2]-Cycloadditions of Alkenylboronates and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200725. [PMID: 35446458 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy for the synthesis of highly versatile cyclobutylboronates via the photosensitized [2+2]-cycloaddition of alkenylboronates and alkenes is presented. The process is mechanistically different from other processes in that energy transfer occurs with the alkenylboronate as opposed to the other alkene. This strategy allows for the synthesis of an array of diverse cyclobutylboronates. The conversion of these adducts to other compounds as well as their utility in the synthesis of melicodenine C is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
| | - Dongshun Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
| | - Bernard G Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Vikrant Tripathy
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
| | - Sarah E Braley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
| | - John R Swierk
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
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21
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Liu Y, Ni D, Stevenson BG, Tripathy V, Braley SE, Raghavachari K, Swierk JR, Brown MK. Photosensitized [2+2]‐Cycloadditions of Alkenylboronates and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyao Liu
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN 47401 USA
| | - Dongshun Ni
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN 47401 USA
| | - Bernard G. Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry Binghamton University 4400 Vestal Parkway East Binghamton NY 13902 USA
| | - Vikrant Tripathy
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN 47401 USA
| | - Sarah E. Braley
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN 47401 USA
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN 47401 USA
| | - John R. Swierk
- Department of Chemistry Binghamton University 4400 Vestal Parkway East Binghamton NY 13902 USA
| | - M. Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN 47401 USA
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22
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Li H, He Y, Zhang D, Yang L, Zhang J, Long RL, Lu J, Wei J, Yang L, Wei S, Yi D, Zhang Z, Fu Q. Hydrogen bond serving as a protecting group to enable the photocatalytic [2+2] cycloaddition of redox-active aliphatic-amine-containing indole derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3194-3197. [PMID: 35171972 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06935g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Redox-sensitive functionalities such as aliphatic amines with low oxidation potentials and easily oxidized by photocatalysts are generally not compatible with photocatalytic reactions. We describe a hydrogen-bond-assisted visible-light-mediated [2+2] cycloaddition of redox-sensitive aliphatic-amine-containing indole derivatives providing a range of cyclobutane-fused polycyclic indoline derivatives, especially bridged-cyclic indolines. Mechanistic studies indicated that the success of the reaction was based on on the formation of H-bonds between the N-atom and alcohol proton of TFE or HFIP, with this formation preventing or blocking the single-electron transfer from the aliphatic amine functionality to the excited photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Yishu He
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China. .,Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Rui-Ling Long
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Ji Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Jun Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Siping Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Dong Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China. .,Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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23
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Triandafillidi I, Nikitas NF, Gkizis PL, Spiliopoulou N, Kokotos CG. Hexafluoroisopropanol-Promoted or Brønsted Acid-Mediated Photochemical [2+2] Cycloadditions of Alkynes with Maleimides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102441. [PMID: 34978379 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the use of light stimulating organic transformations has been known for more than a century, there is an increasing research interest on expanding the established knowledge. While [2+2] cycloadditions are promoted photochemically, literature precedent on the reaction between alkynes and maleimides is limited and only a handful of examples exist, focusing mainly on N-aliphatic maleimides. Herein, the differences in reactivity between N-alkyl and N-aryl maleimides were identified, and the use of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) or trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as viable solutions was proposed in order to achieve high yields. In the case of N-alkyl maleimides, both HFIP-mediated or TFA-promoted reactions were established using LED 370 nm irradiation, without the use of an external photocatalyst. In the case of N-aryl maleimides, thioxanthone (THX) was employed as the energy transfer photocatalyst along with LED 427 nm irradiation and HFIP. Mechanistic studies were performed, supporting the pivotal role of HFIP or TFA, in acquiring good to high yields in both classes of maleimides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ierasia Triandafillidi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos F Nikitas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros L Gkizis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Spiliopoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
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24
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Michalland J, Casaretto N, Zard SZ. A Modular Access to 1,2‐ and 1,3‐Disubstituted Cyclobutylboronic Esters by Consecutive Radical Additions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Michalland
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole polytechnique 91128 Palaiseau Cedex France
| | - Nicolas Casaretto
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moleculaire CNRS UMR 9168 Ecole polytechnique 91128 Palaiseau Cedex France
| | - Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole polytechnique 91128 Palaiseau Cedex France
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25
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Goetzke FW, Sidera M, Fletcher SP. Catalytic asymmetric hydrometallation of cyclobutenes with salicylaldehydes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:236-240. [PMID: 35059172 PMCID: PMC8694367 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06035j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral, substituted cyclobutanes are common motifs in bioactive compounds and intermediates in organic synthesis but few asymmetric routes for their synthesis are known.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Wieland Goetzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Mireia Sidera
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd, 86–88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RW, UK
| | - Stephen P. Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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26
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Zhang Y, Wei Y, Shi M. Rapid Construction of Polysubstituted “Caged” Oxa-Bishomocubane Framework from Vinylidenecyclopropanes through a Sequential Dual Catalysis of Copper(I) and Visible-Light-Induced Photosensitization. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00508e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This context describes a sequential dual catalytic transformation involving copper(I)-catalyzed cyclization/isomerization/migration-dimerization and visible-light photo-induced intramolecular [2+2] cycloaddition of vinylidenecyclopropanes for the rapid construction of polysubstituted “caged” oxa-bishomocubane products. The reaction...
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27
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Huang R, Cai J, Yao L, Bai Y, Guo K, Zhao L. Mechanistic study of cobalt(I)-catalyzed asymmetric coupling of ethylene and enynes to functionalized cyclobutanes. J Comput Chem 2021; 43:440-447. [PMID: 34951487 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to gain insight into the reaction mechanism of the Co(I)-catalyzed asymmetric [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of enyne 1a with ethylene 2 to give the functionalized cyclobutene E-4a possessing a chiral, all-carbon quaternary center in the ring framework (Science, 361, 68-72). This study reveals that the whole catalysis can be characterized via three stages: (i) oxidative dimerization followed by reductive elimination gives the intermediate IM3, (ii) the alkenyl-Co(III) metallacycloheptene IM6 formation with the addition of another equivalent ethylene via an oxidative dimerization process, (iii) β-Hydrogen elimination and reductive elimination from IM6 to result in the final product E-4a and regenerate the active speices IM1 for the next catalytic cycle. Each stage is kinetically and thermodynamically feasible for experimental realization under mild conditions, and the formation of the alkenyl-Co(III) metallacycloheptene IM6, with a barrier of 27.2 kcal mol-1 (i.e., IM2 → TS4), should be the rate-determining step (RDS) during the whole catalysis. In addition, the origins of enantioselectivity and regioselectivity of the product are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runfeng Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiali Cai
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuna Bai
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Deeprose MJ, Lowe M, Noble A, Booker-Milburn KI, Aggarwal VK. Sequential Photocatalytic Reactions for the Diastereoselective Synthesis of Cyclobutane Scaffolds. Org Lett 2021; 24:137-141. [PMID: 34882426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of densely functionalized cyclobutanes containing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters in high regio- and diastereoselectivity remains synthetically challenging. Herein, we show that this can be achieved by using a sequential photocatalysis strategy, wherein 3-chloromaleimides undergo triplet sensitized [2 + 2] photocycloadditions with alkynes or alkenes followed by photoredox-catalyzed dechlorinative C-C bond forming reactions to install quaternary stereocenters. This allows the rapid assembly of structurally complex and sterically congested 3-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane scaffolds from readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Deeprose
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Martin Lowe
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, UCB, 216 Bath Road, Slough, SL1 3WE, U.K
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | | | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
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29
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Serafino A, Camedda N, Lanzi M, Della Ca' N, Cera G, Maestri G. Inter/Intramolecular Cascade of 1,6-Enynes Catalyzed by All-Metal Aromatic Tripalladium Complexes and Carboxylic Acids. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15433-15452. [PMID: 34657418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trinuclear all-metal aromatic clusters are an original class of molecules with a cyclic and planar metal core. Characterized by peculiar metal-metal delocalized bonds, they represent a new frontier in transition-metal catalysis. We report a study on C-C-forming reactions of polyunsaturated substrates catalyzed by trinuclear all-metal aromatic palladium clusters. The synthesis of two new families of tricyclic compounds was obtained with a broad functional group tolerance under mild reaction conditions. A peculiar regio- and diastereoselectivity characterized the method, demonstrating that trinuclear palladium complexes are complementary to their popular mononuclear peers. Furthermore, preliminary studies on the mechanism of these polycyclization reactions revealed unique features of the homogeneous catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Serafino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Camedda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Lanzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Della Ca'
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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30
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Michalland J, Casaretto N, Zard SZ. A Modular Access to 1,2- and 1,3-Disubstituted Cyclobutylboronic Esters by Consecutive Radical Additions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113333. [PMID: 34716652 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A modular approach to substituted cyclobutylboronic esters is described. It proceeds by successive intermolecular radical additions of xanthates to pinacolato 1-cyclobutenylboronate and to pinacolato bicyclo[1.1.0]but-1-ylboronate. Success hinges on tuning the stability of the α-boryl radical by exploiting the stabilizing influence of the trivalent boronic ester and the slightly destabilizing cyclobutane, which increases the σ-character of the radical. Reductive removal of the xanthate group finally provides a range of 1,2- and 1,3-disubstituted cyclobutylboronic esters. The contrast with cyclopropylboronic esters is striking, since the strong destabilization by the highly strained cyclopropane ring allows the first radical addition to take place but not the second. Furthermore, the first adducts are geminal xanthyl boronic esters that can be converted into cyclobutanones. This chemistry furnishes cyclobutylboronic esters that would be quite difficult to obtain otherwise and thus complements existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Michalland
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652, Ecole polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Casaretto
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moleculaire, CNRS UMR 9168, Ecole polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Samir Z Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652, Ecole polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
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31
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Elliott LD, Booker-Milburn KI, Lennox AJJ. Daisy-Chaining Photo- and Thermal Chemistry: Multistep Continuous Flow Synthesis of Visible-Light-Mediated Photochemistry with a High-Temperature Cascade Reaction. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke D. Elliott
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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