1
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Wilson RH, Chatterjee S, Smithwick ER, Damodaran AR, Bhagi-Damodaran A. Controllable multi-halogenation of a non-native substrate by SyrB2 iron halogenase. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.08.593161. [PMID: 38766225 PMCID: PMC11100670 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.08.593161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Geminal, multi-halogenated functional groups are widespread in natural products and pharmaceuticals, yet no synthetic methodologies exist that enable selective multi-halogenation of unactivated C-H bonds. Biocatalysts are powerful tools for late-stage C-H functionalization, as they operate with high degrees of regio-, chemo-, and stereoselectivity. 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent non-heme iron halogenases chlorinate and brominate aliphatic C-H bonds offering a solution for achieving these challenging transformations. Here, we describe the ability of a non-heme iron halogenase, SyrB2, to controllably halogenate non-native substrate alpha-aminobutyric acid (Aba) to yield mono-chlorinated, di-chlorinated, and tri-chlorinated products. These chemoselective outcomes are achieved by controlling the loading of 2OG cofactor and SyrB2 biocatalyst. By using a ferredoxin-based biological reductant for electron transfer to the catalytic center of SyrB2, we demonstrate order-of-magnitude enhancement in the yield of tri-chlorinated product that were previously inaccessible using any single halogenase enzyme. We also apply these strategies to broaden SyrB2's reactivity scope to include multi-bromination and demonstrate chemoenzymatic conversion of the ethyl side chain in Aba to an ethylyne functional group. We show how steric hindrance induced by the successive addition of halogen atoms on Aba's C4 carbon dictates the degree of multi-halogenation by hampering C3-C4 bond rotation within SyrB2's catalytic pocket. Overall, our work showcases the synthetic potential of iron halogenases to facilitate multi-C-H functionalization chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hunter Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Sourav Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Smithwick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Anoop R Damodaran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Ambika Bhagi-Damodaran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
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2
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Shen D, Sun C, Han Y, Luo Z, Ren T, Zhang Q, Huang W, Xie J, Jia Y, Chao M. Additive-free oxychlorination of unsaturated C-C bonds with tert-butyl hypochlorite and water. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3080-3085. [PMID: 38563263 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00003j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Herein we report an additive-free protocol for the facile synthesis of α,α-dichloroketones and α-chlorohydrins from various aryl terminal, diaryl internal, and aliphatic terminal alkynes and alkenes, respectively. The commercially available tert-butyl hypochlorite (tBuOCl) was employed as a suitable chlorinating reagent, being accompanied by the less harmful tBuOH as the by-product. In addition, the oxygen atoms in the products came from water rather than molecular oxygen, based on the 18O-labelling experiments. Meanwhile, the diastereoselectivity of the Z- and the corresponding E-alkenes has been compared and rationalized. Using a group of control experiments, the possible mechanisms have been proposed as the initial electrophilic chlorination of unsaturated C-C bonds in a Markovnikov-addition manner in general followed by a nucleophilic addition with water. This work simplified the oxychlorination method with a mild chlorine source and a green oxygen source under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duyi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Chaoyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Han
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Ting Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Wenting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Jianru Xie
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Jia
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Mianran Chao
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
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3
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Mandal M, Buss JA, Chen SJ, Cramer CJ, Stahl SS. Mechanistic insights into radical formation and functionalization in copper/ N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide radical-relay reactions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1364-1373. [PMID: 38274066 PMCID: PMC10806759 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03597b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper-catalysed radical-relay reactions that employ N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) as the oxidant have emerged as highly effective methods for C(sp3)-H functionalization. Herein, computational studies are paired with experimental data to investigate a series of key mechanistic features of these reactions, with a focus on issues related to site-selectivity, enantioselectivity, and C-H substrate scope. (1) The full reaction energetics of enantioselective benzylic C-H cyanation are probed, and an adduct between Cu and the N-sulfonimidyl radical (˙NSI) is implicated as the species that promotes hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) from the C-H substrate. (2) Benzylic versus 3° C-H site-selectivity is compared with different HAT reagents: Cu/˙NSI, ˙OtBu, and Cl˙, and the data provide insights into the high selectivity for benzylic C-H bonds in Cu/NFSI-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions. (3) The energetics of three radical functionalization pathways are compared, including radical-polar crossover (RPC) to generate a carbocation intermediate, reductive elimination from a formal CuIII organometallic complex, and radical addition to a Cu-bound ligand. The preferred mechanism is shown to depend on the ligands bound to copper. (4) Finally, the energetics of three different pathways that convert benzylic C-H bonds into benzylic cations are compared, including HAT/ET (ET = electron transfer), relevant to the RPC mechanism with Cu/NFSI; hydride transfer, involved in reactions with high-potential quinones; and sequential ET/PT/ET (PT = proton transfer), involved in catalytic photoredox reactions. Collectively, the results provide mechanistic insights that establish a foundation for further advances in radical-relay C-H functionalization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukunda Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant Street SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Joshua A Buss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Si-Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Christopher J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant Street SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
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4
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Nanjo T, Matsumoto A, Oshita T, Takemoto Y. Synthesis of Chlorinated Oligopeptides via γ- and δ-Selective Hydrogen Atom Transfer Enabled by the N-Chloropeptide Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19067-19075. [PMID: 37594470 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of a chlorine atom could potentially endow peptide derivatives with notable bioactivity and applicability. However, despite considerable recent progress in C(sp3)-H functionalization chemistry, a general method for the site-selective chlorination of inert aliphatic C-H bonds in peptides still remains elusive. Herein, we report a site-selective C(sp3)-H chlorination of oligopeptides based on an N-chloropeptide strategy. N-chloropeptides, which are easily prepared from the corresponding native oligopeptides, are smoothly degraded in the presence of an appropriate copper catalyst, and a subsequent 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer affords γ- or δ-chlorinated peptides in excellent yield. A wide variety of amino acid residues can thus be site-selectively chlorinated in a predictable manner. This method hence enables the efficient synthesis of otherwise less accessible, chlorine-containing peptide fragments of natural peptides. We moreover demonstrate here the successful estimation of the stereochemistry of the chlorinated carbon atom in aquimarin A. Furthermore, we reveal that side-chain-chlorinated peptides can serve as highly useful substructures with a fine balance between stability and reactivity, which renders them promising targets for synthetic and medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nanjo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ayaka Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuma Oshita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Takemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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5
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Tripathy AR, Mishra A, Singh V, Yatham VR. Metal-Free Direct C3-H Alkylation and Arylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-Ones with Inert Alkyl and Aryl Chlorides. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300774. [PMID: 37283201 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present manuscript, we reported the first visible-light-enabled direct C3-H alkylation/arylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with unactivated alkyl/aryl chlorides under metal-free conditions. A wide range of unactivated alkyl and aryl chlorides containing different functionalities are coupled with a variety of quinoxalin-2(1H)-one derivatives under mild reaction conditions to afford the C3-alkyl/aryl substituted quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Rani Tripathy
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), 695551, India
| | - Ashutosh Mishra
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), 695551, India
| | - Vesaj Singh
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), 695551, India
| | - Veera Reddy Yatham
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), 695551, India
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6
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Alvi S, Jayant V, Ali R. Applications of Oxone® in Organic Synthesis: An Emerging Green Reagent of Modern Era. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Alvi
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Vikrant Jayant
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Rashid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla New Delhi 110025 India
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7
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Golden DL, Suh SE, Stahl SS. Radical C(sp3)–H functionalization and cross-coupling reactions. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:405-427. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Galeotti M, Salamone M, Bietti M. Electronic control over site-selectivity in hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) based C(sp 3)-H functionalization promoted by electrophilic reagents. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2171-2223. [PMID: 35229835 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The direct functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds represents one of the most investigated approaches to develop new synthetic methodology. Among the available strategies for intermolecular C-H bond functionalization, increasing attention has been devoted to hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) based procedures promoted by radical or radical-like reagents, that offer the opportunity to introduce a large variety of atoms and groups in place of hydrogen under mild conditions. Because of the large number of aliphatic C-H bonds displayed by organic molecules, in these processes control over site-selectivity represents a crucial issue, and the associated factors have been discussed. In this review article, attention will be devoted to the role of electronic effects on C(sp3)-H bond functionalization site-selectivity. Through an analysis of the recent literature, a detailed description of the HAT reagents employed in these processes, the associated mechanistic features and the selectivity patterns observed in the functionalization of substrates of increasing structural complexity will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Galeotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy.
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9
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Lopez MA, Buss JA, Stahl SS. Cu-Catalyzed Site-Selective Benzylic Chlorination Enabling Net C-H Coupling with Oxidatively Sensitive Nucleophiles. Org Lett 2022; 24:597-601. [PMID: 34965136 PMCID: PMC8830506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective chlorination of benzylic C-H bonds is achieved using a CuICl/bis(oxazoline) catalyst with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide as the oxidant and KCl as a chloride source. This method exhibits higher benzylic selectivity, relative to established chlorination protocols, and is compatible with diverse alkyl arenes. Sequential benzylic C-H chlorination/nucleophilic substitution affords C-O, C-S, and C-N coupling products with oxidatively sensitive coupling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Joshua A. Buss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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10
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Zhu Y, Yu W. Photoinduced C(sp 3)-H chlorination of amides with tetrabutyl ammonium chloride. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10228-10232. [PMID: 34806744 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new protocol was developed for the site-selective C(sp3)-H chlorination of amides with tetrabutyl ammonium chloride as the chlorinating agent. The reaction features a tandem sequence that involves a (diacetoxyiodo)benzene-mediated and chloride anion-involved N-H chlorination followed by photoinitiated chlorine atom transfer. A wide variety of carboxamides and sulfonamides were chlorinated at the δ-position by using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshuo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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11
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Jin J, Zhao Y, Kyne SH, Farshadfar K, Ariafard A, Chan PWH. Copper(I)-catalysed site-selective C(sp 3)-H bond chlorination of ketones, (E)-enones and alkylbenzenes by dichloramine-T. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4065. [PMID: 34210971 PMCID: PMC8249392 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies that enable intermolecular site-selective C-H bond functionalisation of organic molecules provide one of the cornerstones of modern chemical synthesis. In chloroalkane synthesis, such methods for intermolecular site-selective aliphatic C-H bond chlorination have, however, remained conspicuously rare. Here, we present a copper(I)-catalysed synthetic method for the efficient site-selective C(sp3)-H bond chlorination of ketones, (E)-enones and alkylbenzenes by dichloramine-T at room temperature. A key feature of the broad substrate scope is tolerance to unsaturation, which would normally pose an immense challenge in chemoselective aliphatic C-H bond functionalisation. By unlocking dichloramine-T's potential as a chlorine radical atom source, the product site-selectivities achieved are among the most selective in alkane functionalisation and should find widespread utility in chemical synthesis. This is exemplified by the late-stage site-selective modification of a number of natural products and bioactive compounds, and gram-scale preparation and formal synthesis of two drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Jin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yichao Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Helen Kyne
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaveh Farshadfar
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Poonak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Poonak, Tehran, Iran.
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Philip Wai Hong Chan
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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12
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Fawcett A, Keller MJ, Herrera Z, Hartwig JF. Site Selective Chlorination of C(sp 3 )-H Bonds Suitable for Late-Stage Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8276-8283. [PMID: 33480134 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
C(sp3 )-Cl bonds are present in numerous biologically active small molecules, and an ideal route for their preparation is by the chlorination of a C(sp3 )-H bond. However, most current methods for the chlorination of C(sp3 )-H bonds are insufficiently site selective and tolerant of functional groups to be applicable to the late-stage functionalization of complex molecules. We report a method for the highly selective chlorination of tertiary and benzylic C(sp3 )-H bonds to produce the corresponding chlorides, generally in high yields. The reaction occurs with a mixture of an azidoiodinane, which generates a selective H-atom abstractor under mild conditions, and a readily-accessible and inexpensive copper(II) chloride complex, which efficiently transfers a chlorine atom. The reaction's exceptional functional group tolerance is demonstrated by the chlorination of >30 diversely functionalized substrates and the late-stage chlorination of a dozen derivatives of natural products and active pharmaceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fawcett
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - M Josephine Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zachary Herrera
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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13
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Fawcett A, Keller MJ, Herrera Z, Hartwig JF. Site Selective Chlorination of C(sp
3
)−H Bonds Suitable for Late‐Stage Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fawcett
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Josephine Keller
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Zachary Herrera
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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14
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McMillan AJ, Sieńkowska M, Di Lorenzo P, Gransbury GK, Chilton NF, Salamone M, Ruffoni A, Bietti M, Leonori D. Practical and Selective sp 3 C-H Bond Chlorination via Aminium Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7132-7139. [PMID: 33458924 PMCID: PMC8048631 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of chlorine atoms into organic molecules is fundamental to the manufacture of industrial chemicals, the elaboration of advanced synthetic intermediates and also the fine-tuning of physicochemical and biological properties of drugs, agrochemicals and polymers. We report here a general and practical photochemical strategy enabling the site-selective chlorination of sp3 C-H bonds. This process exploits the ability of protonated N-chloroamines to serve as aminium radical precursors and also radical chlorinating agents. Upon photochemical initiation, an efficient radical-chain propagation is established allowing the functionalization of a broad range of substrates due to the large number of compatible functionalities. The ability to synergistically maximize both polar and steric effects in the H-atom transfer transition state through appropriate selection of the aminium radical has provided the highest known selectivity in radical sp3 C-H chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martyna Sieńkowska
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Piero Di Lorenzo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Gemma K. Gransbury
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversità “Tor Vergata”Via della Ricerca Scientifica00133RomeItaly
| | - Alessandro Ruffoni
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversità “Tor Vergata”Via della Ricerca Scientifica00133RomeItaly
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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15
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McMillan AJ, Sieńkowska M, Di Lorenzo P, Gransbury GK, Chilton NF, Salamone M, Ruffoni A, Bietti M, Leonori D. Practical and Selective sp
3
C−H Bond Chlorination via Aminium Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J. McMillan
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Martyna Sieńkowska
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Piero Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Gemma K. Gransbury
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche Università “Tor Vergata” Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Alessandro Ruffoni
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche Università “Tor Vergata” Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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16
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Mészáros R, Márton A, Szabados M, Varga G, Kónya Z, Kukovecz Á, Fülöp F, Pálinkó I, Ötvös SB. Exploiting a silver–bismuth hybrid material as heterogeneous noble metal catalyst for decarboxylations and decarboxylative deuterations of carboxylic acids under batch and continuous flow conditions. GREEN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1gc00924a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A silver-containing hybrid material is reported as a heterogeneous noble metal catalyst for protodecarboxylations and decarboxylative deuterations of carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Mészáros
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- H-6720 Hungary
| | - András Márton
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- H-6720 Hungary
| | - Márton Szabados
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- H-6720 Hungary
- Material and Solution Structure Research Group and Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre
| | - Gábor Varga
- Material and Solution Structure Research Group and Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- H-6720 Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- H-6720 Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group
| | - Ákos Kukovecz
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- H-6720 Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- H-6720 Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group
| | - István Pálinkó
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- H-6720 Hungary
- Material and Solution Structure Research Group and Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre
| | - Sándor B. Ötvös
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Szeged
- H-6720 Hungary
- Institute of Chemistry
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17
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Zhu Y, Shi J, Yu W. Photoinduced Site-Selective C(sp3)–H Chlorination of Aliphatic Amides. Org Lett 2020; 22:8899-8903. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanshuo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jingcheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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18
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Mohite AR, Phatake RS, Dubey P, Agbaria M, Shames AI, Lemcoff NG, Reany O. Thiourea-Mediated Halogenation of Alcohols. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12901-12911. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amar R. Mohite
- Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Ra’anana 4353701, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Ravindra S. Phatake
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Pooja Dubey
- Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Ra’anana 4353701, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Mohamed Agbaria
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Alexander I. Shames
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - N. Gabriel Lemcoff
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Ofer Reany
- Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Ra’anana 4353701, Israel
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19
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Zhu Y, Wang J, Wu D, Yu W. Visible‐Light‐Driven Remote C−H Chlorination of Aliphatic Sulfonamides with Sodium Hypochlorite. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanshuo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Juan‐Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Danhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
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20
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Xing BH, Zhao XX, Qin YJ, Zhang P, Guo ZX. Ferric chloride–catalyzed deoxygenative chlorination of carbonyl compounds: A comparison of chlorodimethylsilane and dichloromethylsilane system. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820910959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Deoxygenative chlorination of carbonyl compounds using the HMe2SiCl/FeCl3/EtOAc and HMeSiCl2/FeCl3/EtOAc systems has been systemically investigated. The HMe2SiCl-FeCl3 system showed the advantages of good substrate applicability, mild reaction conditions, simple operation, low cost, and easy availability of raw materials. Also, it provided a simple and efficient synthesis route for carbonyl deoxychlorination via a one-pot method. Using the HMeSiCl2/FeCl3/EtOAc system, the β-methylchalcone derivative could be obtained in good yields in addition to obtaining the chlorinated compound. Finally, two plausible reaction routes were proposed to describe the formation of the chlorinated compound and the β-methylchalcone derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Han Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xuan-Xuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jun Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xin Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
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21
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Exploring the Biocatalytic Potential of Fe/α‐Ketoglutarate‐Dependent Halogenases. Chemistry 2020; 26:7336-7345. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Cao S, Yuan H, Zhang J. Mechanistic Study on Ag I-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Coupling/Cyclization between Terminal Alkynes and β-Enamino Esters under Base Conditions. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4408-4417. [PMID: 32078322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A combined computational and experimental study was performed to elucidate the mechanism of the AgI-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling/cyclization of terminal alkynes with β-enamino esters. The results indicated a more favorable AgI/Ag0-catalyzed radical mechanism (than cationic mechanism) which involves three key stages: (i) the initiation of radical species, (ii) the cyclization, and (iii) the formal 1,2-H shift. Meanwhile, the AgI species was found to be the active initiator for the delocalized nitrogen radical species generation, and Ag2CO3 acts as an effective oxidant to initiate the β-enamino ester radical formation. Furthermore, it was shown that the silver acetylide is the key intermediate in the title reaction and that the coordination of solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) regulates the electronic properties of the Ag center better as compared with base 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), thereby enhancing the negative charge of the reaction sites and promoting the cyclization process. Finally, the DBU was revealed to play a key role in the final 1,2-H shift process through the formation of [DBU-H]+, acting as a proton shuttle to assist the proton migration process. The theoretical results provide key insights into the AgI/Ag0-catalyzed radical mechanism and guidelines for further development of Ag-catalyzed synthetic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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23
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Short MA, Blackburn JM, Roizen JL. Modifying Positional Selectivity in C-H Functionalization Reactions with Nitrogen-Centered Radicals: Generalizable Approaches to 1,6-Hydrogen-Atom Transfer Processes. Synlett 2020; 31:102-116. [PMID: 33986583 PMCID: PMC8115226 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1691501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-centered radicals are powerful reaction intermediates owing in part to their ability to guide position-selective C(sp3)-H functionalization reactions. Typically, these reactive species dictate the site of functionalization by preferentially engaging in 1,5-hydrogen-atom transfer (1,5-HAT) processes. Broadly relevant approaches to alter the site-selectivity of HAT pathways would be valuable because they could be paired with a variety of tactics to install diverse functional groups. Yet, until recently, there have been no generalizable strategies to modify the position-selectivity observed in these HAT processes. This Synpacts article reviews transformations in which nitrogen-centered radicals preferentially react through 1,6-HAT pathways. Specific attention will be focused on strategies that employ alcohol- and amine-anchored sulfamate esters and sulfamides as templates to achieve otherwise rare γ-selective functionalization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Short
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina, 27708-0354, USA
| | - J. Miles Blackburn
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina, 27708-0354, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Roizen
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina, 27708-0354, USA
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24
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Hayashi T, Ligibel M, Sager E, Voss M, Hunziker J, Schroer K, Snajdrova R, Buller R. Evolved Aliphatic Halogenases Enable Regiocomplementary C−H Functionalization of a Pharmaceutically Relevant Compound. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18535-18539. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hayashi
- Competence Center for BiocatalysisInstitute of Chemistry and BiotechnologyZürich University of Applied Sciences Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Ligibel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchGlobal Discovery Chemistry 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Emine Sager
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchGlobal Discovery Chemistry 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Moritz Voss
- Competence Center for BiocatalysisInstitute of Chemistry and BiotechnologyZürich University of Applied Sciences Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - Jürg Hunziker
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchGlobal Discovery Chemistry 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Kirsten Schroer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchGlobal Discovery Chemistry 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Radka Snajdrova
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchGlobal Discovery Chemistry 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Buller
- Competence Center for BiocatalysisInstitute of Chemistry and BiotechnologyZürich University of Applied Sciences Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
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25
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Hayashi T, Ligibel M, Sager E, Voss M, Hunziker J, Schroer K, Snajdrova R, Buller R. Evolvierte aliphatische Halogenasen ermöglichen die regiokomplementäre C‐H‐Funktionalisierung einer hochwertigen Chemikalie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hayashi
- Kompetenzzentrum für Biokatalyse, Institut für Chemie und BiotechnologieZürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Schweiz
| | - Mathieu Ligibel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchGlobal Discovery Chemistry 4056 Basel Schweiz
| | - Emine Sager
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchGlobal Discovery Chemistry 4056 Basel Schweiz
| | - Moritz Voss
- Kompetenzzentrum für Biokatalyse, Institut für Chemie und BiotechnologieZürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Schweiz
| | - Jürg Hunziker
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchGlobal Discovery Chemistry 4056 Basel Schweiz
| | - Kirsten Schroer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchGlobal Discovery Chemistry 4056 Basel Schweiz
| | - Radka Snajdrova
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchGlobal Discovery Chemistry 4056 Basel Schweiz
| | - Rebecca Buller
- Kompetenzzentrum für Biokatalyse, Institut für Chemie und BiotechnologieZürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Schweiz
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26
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Short MA, Shehata MF, Sanders MA, Roizen JL. Sulfamides direct radical-mediated chlorination of aliphatic C-H bonds. Chem Sci 2019; 11:217-223. [PMID: 34040715 PMCID: PMC8132995 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03428e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the prevalence of aliphatic amines in bioactive small molecules, amine derivatives are opportune as directing groups. Herein, sulfamides serve as amine surrogates to guide intermolecular chlorine-transfer at γ-C(sp3) centers. This unusual position-selectivity arises because accessed sulfamidyl radical intermediates engage preferentially in otherwise rare 1,6-hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) processes through seven-membered transition states. The site-selectivity of C–H abstraction can be modulated by adjusting the steric and electronic properties of the sulfamide nitrogen substituents, an ability that has not been demonstrated with other substrate classes. The disclosed reaction relies on a light-initiated radical chain-propagation mechanism to oxidize C(sp3)–H bonds efficiently. Amine-anchored sulfamides direct radical-mediated chlorination of aliphatic C–H bonds. The site of C–H abstraction can be modulated by varying the sulfamide nitrogen substituents, a feature that has not been demonstrated with other substrate classes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Short
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry Box 90346 Durham North Carolina 27709-0354 USA
| | - Mina F Shehata
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry Box 90346 Durham North Carolina 27709-0354 USA
| | - Matthew A Sanders
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry Box 90346 Durham North Carolina 27709-0354 USA
| | - Jennifer L Roizen
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry Box 90346 Durham North Carolina 27709-0354 USA
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27
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Cui JF, Yang B, Yu Q, Lai NCH, Chen H, Wong MK. Silver-Mediated Organic Transformations of Propargylamines to Enones, α-Thioketones, and Isochromans. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum; Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry; Southern University of Science and Technology; Shenzhen People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum; Hong Kong
| | - Qiong Yu
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen; People's Republic of China
| | - Nathanael Chun-Him Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum; Hong Kong
| | - Han Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum; Hong Kong
| | - Man-Kin Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum; Hong Kong
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen; People's Republic of China
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28
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Hutchinson DJ, Hey‐Hawkins E. The Self‐Assembly of Ag
I
‐Containing Heterobimetallic Complexes with a Discriminatory N,P‐Based Heteroditopic Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel John Hutchinson
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy Institute of Chemistry Leipzig University 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey‐Hawkins
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy Institute of Chemistry Leipzig University 04103 Leipzig Germany
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29
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Del Castillo E, Martínez MD, Bosnidou AE, Duhamel T, O'Broin CQ, Zhang H, Escudero-Adán EC, Martínez-Belmonte M, Muñiz K. Multiple Halogenation of Aliphatic C-H Bonds within the Hofmann-Löffler Manifold. Chemistry 2018; 24:17225-17229. [PMID: 30189118 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An innovative approach to position-selective polyhalogenation of aliphatic hydrocarbon bonds is presented. The reaction proceeded within the Hofmann-Löffler manifold with amidyl radicals as the sole mediators to induce selective 1,5- and 1,6-hydrogen-atom transfer followed by halogenation. Multiple halogenation events of up to four innate C-H bond functionalizations were accomplished. The broad applicability of this new entry into polyhalogenation and the resulting synthetic possibilities were demonstrated for a total of 27 different examples including mixed halogenations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Del Castillo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mario D Martínez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alexandra E Bosnidou
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Thomas Duhamel
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Calvin Q O'Broin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eduardo C Escudero-Adán
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Belmonte
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Kilian Muñiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Wu X, Hao W, Ye KY, Jiang B, Pombar G, Song Z, Lin S. Ti-Catalyzed Radical Alkylation of Secondary and Tertiary Alkyl Chlorides Using Michael Acceptors. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14836-14843. [PMID: 30303379 PMCID: PMC6530901 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl chlorides are common functional groups in synthetic organic chemistry. However, the engagement of unactivated alkyl chlorides, especially tertiary alkyl chlorides, in transition-metal-catalyzed C-C bond formation remains challenging. Herein, we describe the development of a TiIII-catalyzed radical addition of 2° and 3° alkyl chlorides to electron-deficient alkenes. Mechanistic data are consistent with inner-sphere activation of the C-Cl bond featuring TiIII-mediated Cl atom abstraction. Evidence suggests that the active TiIII catalyst is generated from the TiIV precursor in a Lewis-acid-assisted electron transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | | - Ke-Yin Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Binyang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Gisselle Pombar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhidong Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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31
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Zhang X, Feng X, Zhou C, Yu X, Yamamoto Y, Bao M. Transition-Metal-Free Decarboxylative Arylation of 2-Picolinic Acids with Arenes under Air Conditions. Org Lett 2018; 20:7095-7099. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Chuancheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Yoshinori Yamamoto
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
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32
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Nesterov DS, Nesterova OV, Kopylovich MN, Pombeiro AJ. Pronounced retention of stereoconfiguration upon sp3 C H bonds hydroxylation of dimethylcyclohexanes and decahydronaphthalenes with m-CPBA oxidant and a Co-phthalocyanine catalyst. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Zheng D, Mao LL, Zhu XH, Zhou AX. NMP-mediated chlorination of aliphatic alcohols with aryl sulfonyl chloride for the synthesis of alkyl chlorides. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1482498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dagui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Higher Institutions of Jiangxi Province, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, PR China
| | - Liu-Liang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Higher Institutions of Jiangxi Province, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, PR China
| | - Xian-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Higher Institutions of Jiangxi Province, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, PR China
| | - An-Xi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Higher Institutions of Jiangxi Province, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, PR China
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34
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Bai H, Fu X, Pan J, Ma H, Chen Z, Ding T, Zhang S. Transition Metal‐Controlled Direct Regioselective Intermolecular Amidation of C−H Bonds with Azodicarboxylates: Scope, Mechanistic Studies, and Applications. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- He‐Yuan Bai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin‐Long Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Hai‐Qian Ma
- Zhiyuan CollegeShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhi‐Min Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Tong‐Mei Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Shu‐Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
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35
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Su JY, Grünenfelder DC, Takeuchi K, Reisman SE. Radical Deoxychlorination of Cesium Oxalates for the Synthesis of Alkyl Chlorides. Org Lett 2018; 20:4912-4916. [PMID: 30062894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A radical deoxychlorination of cesium oxalates has been developed for the preparation of hindered secondary and tertiary alkyl chlorides. The reaction tolerates a number of functional groups, including ketones, alcohols, and amides, and provides complementary reactivity to standard deoxychlorination reactions proceeding by heterolytic mechanisms. Preliminary studies demonstrate that the developed conditions can also be applied to deoxybromination and deoxyfluorination reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Y Su
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Denise C Grünenfelder
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Kohei Takeuchi
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Sarah E Reisman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
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36
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Dauncey EM, Morcillo SP, Douglas JJ, Sheikh NS, Leonori D. Photoinduced Remote Functionalisations by Iminyl Radical Promoted C-C and C-H Bond Cleavage Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:744-748. [PMID: 29114978 PMCID: PMC5814920 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A photoinduced cascade strategy leading to a variety of differentially functionalised nitriles and ketones has been developed. These reactions rely on the oxidative generation of iminyl radicals from simple oximes. Radical transposition by C(sp3 )-(sp3 ) and C(sp3 )-H bond cleavage gives access to distal carbon radicals that undergo SH 2 functionalisations. These mild, visible-light-mediated procedures can be used for remote fluorination, chlorination, and azidation, and were applied to the modification of bioactive and structurally complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara P. Morcillo
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - James J. Douglas
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech UnitAstraZenecaMacclesfieldSK10 2NAUK
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceKing Faisal UniversityP.O. Box 380Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniele Leonori
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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37
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Sathyamoorthi S, Banerjee S, Du Bois J, Burns NZ, Zare RN. Site-selective bromination of sp 3 C-H bonds. Chem Sci 2018; 9:100-104. [PMID: 29629078 PMCID: PMC5873043 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04611a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A method for converting sp3 C-H to C-Br bonds using an N-methyl sulfamate directing group is described. The reaction employs Rh2(oct)4 and a mixture of NaBr and NaOCl and is performed in aqueous solution open to air. For all sulfamates examined, oxidation occurs with high selectivity at the γ-carbon, affording a uniquely predictable method for C-H bond halogenation. Results from a series of mechanistic experiments suggest that substrate oxidation likely proceeds by a radical chain process. Initial formation of an N-halogenated sulfamate followed by Rh-mediated homolysis generates an N-centered radical, which serves as the active oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- Stanford University , Department of Chemistry , 333 Campus Drive , Stanford , CA 94305-4401 , USA . ; ;
| | - Shibdas Banerjee
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati , Karakambadi Road , Tirupati-517507 , India
| | - J Du Bois
- Stanford University , Department of Chemistry , 333 Campus Drive , Stanford , CA 94305-4401 , USA . ; ;
| | - Noah Z Burns
- Stanford University , Department of Chemistry , 333 Campus Drive , Stanford , CA 94305-4401 , USA . ; ;
| | - Richard N Zare
- Stanford University , Department of Chemistry , 333 Campus Drive , Stanford , CA 94305-4401 , USA . ; ;
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38
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Short MA, Blackburn JM, Roizen JL. Sulfamate Esters Guide Selective Radical-Mediated Chlorination of Aliphatic C-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:296-299. [PMID: 29096044 PMCID: PMC5745255 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Masked alcohols are particularly appealing as directing groups because of the ubiquity of hydroxy groups in organic small molecules. Herein, we disclose a general strategy for aliphatic γ-C(sp3 )-H functionalization guided by a masked alcohol. Specifically, we determine that sulfamate ester derived nitrogen-centered radicals mediate 1,6-hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) processes to guide γ-C(sp3 )-H chlorination. This reaction proceeds through a light-initiated radical chain-propagation process and is capable of installing chlorine atoms at primary, secondary, and tertiary centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Short
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, NC, 27708-0354, USA
| | - J Miles Blackburn
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, NC, 27708-0354, USA
| | - Jennifer L Roizen
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, NC, 27708-0354, USA
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39
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Short MA, Blackburn JM, Roizen JL. Sulfamate Esters Guide Selective Radical‐Mediated Chlorination of Aliphatic C−H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Short
- Duke University Department of Chemistry, Box 90346 Durham NC 27708-0354 USA
| | - J. Miles Blackburn
- Duke University Department of Chemistry, Box 90346 Durham NC 27708-0354 USA
| | - Jennifer L. Roizen
- Duke University Department of Chemistry, Box 90346 Durham NC 27708-0354 USA
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40
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Dauncey EM, Morcillo SP, Douglas JJ, Sheikh NS, Leonori D. Photoinduced Remote Functionalisations by Iminyl Radical Promoted C−C and C−H Bond Cleavage Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara P. Morcillo
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - James J. Douglas
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech UnitAstraZeneca Macclesfield SK10 2NA UK
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceKing Faisal University P.O. Box 380 Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniele Leonori
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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41
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Kaewsri W, Norseeda K, Ruengsangtongkul S, Chaisan N, Thongsornkleeb C, Tummatorn J, Ruchirawat S. Synthesis of 2-Cyclohexenone-2-carboxylate and 4-Chloro-2-cyclohexenone-2-carboxylate Derivatives by Cyclization of Alkyne-Tethered 1,3-Ketoesters. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilailak Kaewsri
- Program on Chemical Biology; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental, Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education; 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
| | - Krissada Norseeda
- Program on Chemical Biology; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental, Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education; 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
| | - Sureeporn Ruengsangtongkul
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry; Chulabhorn Research Institute; 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
| | - Nattawadee Chaisan
- Program on Chemical Biology; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental, Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education; 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
| | - Charnsak Thongsornkleeb
- Program on Chemical Biology; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental, Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education; 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis; Chulabhorn Research Institute; 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
| | - Jumreang Tummatorn
- Program on Chemical Biology; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental, Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education; 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry; Chulabhorn Research Institute; 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Program on Chemical Biology; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental, Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education; 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry; Chulabhorn Research Institute; 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
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42
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Zhao M, Lu W. Visible Light-Induced Oxidative Chlorination of Alkyl sp 3 C-H Bonds with NaCl/Oxone at Room Temperature. Org Lett 2017; 19:4560-4563. [PMID: 28817287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A visible light-induced monochlorination of cyclohexane with sodium chloride (5:1) has been successfully accomplished to afford chlorocyclohexane in excellent yield by using Oxone as the oxidant in H2O/CF3CH2OH at room temperature. Other secondary and primary alkyl sp3 C-H bonds of cycloalkanes and functional branch/linear alkanes can also be chlorinated, respectively, under similar conditions. The selection of a suitable organic solvent is crucial in these efficient radical chlorinations of alkanes in two-phase solutions. It is studied further by the achievement of high chemoselectivity in the chlorination of the benzyl sp3 C-H bond or the aryl sp2 C-H bond of toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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