1
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Elbert SM, Paine OTA, Kirschbaum T, Schuldt MP, Weber L, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. A Negatively Curved Nanographene with Four Embedded Heptagons. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39329251 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Negatively curved nanographenes are considered as cutouts of three-dimensional fully sp2-hybridized carbon allotropes such as Schwarzites. Here we present the synthesis of a C76 cut-out of the Schwarzite 8-4-1-p proposed by Lenosky et al. and investigate its optical as well as electrochemical properties. Furthermore, supramolecular interactions with fullerenes C60 and C70 were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven M Elbert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 272, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Owen T A Paine
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 272, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kirschbaum
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 272, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz P Schuldt
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 272, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Weber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 272, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 272, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 272, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Qiu S, Valdivia AC, Zhuang W, Hung FF, Che CM, Casado J, Liu J. Nonalternant Nanographenes Containing N-Centered Cyclopenta[ ef]heptalene and Aza[7]Helicene Units. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16161-16172. [PMID: 38720418 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Introducing helical subunits into negatively curved π-systems has a significant effect on both the molecular geometry and photophysical properties; however, the synthesis of these helical π-systems embedded with nonbenzenoid subunits remains challenging due to the high strain deriving from both the curvature and helix. Here, we report a family of nonalternant nanographenes containing a nitrogen (N)-doped cyclopenta[ef]heptalene unit. Among them, CPH-2 and CPH-3 can be viewed as hybrids of benzoannulated cyclopenta[ef]heptalene and aza[7]helicene. The crystal structures revealed a saddle geometry for CPH-1, a saddle-helix hybrid for CPH-2, and a twist-helix hybrid for CPH-3. Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations indicate that the saddle moieties in CPHs undergo flexible conformational changes at room temperature, while the aza[7]helicene subunit exhibits a dramatically increased racemization energy barrier (78.2 kcal mol-1 for CPH-2, 143.2 kcal mol-1 for CPH-3). The combination of the nitrogen lone electron pairs of the N-doped cyclopenta[ef]heptalene unit with the twisted helix fragments results in rich photophysics with distinctive fluorescence and phosphorescence in CPH-1 and CPH-2 and the similar energy fluorescence and phosphorescence in CPH-3. Both enantiopure CPH-2 and CPH-3 display distinct circular dichroism (CD) signals in the UV-vis range. Notably, compared to the reported fully π-extended helical nanographenes, CPH-3 exhibits excellent chiroptical properties with a |gabs| value of 1.0 × 10-2 and a |glum| value of 7.0 × 10-3; these values are among the highest for helical nanographenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Abel Cárdenas Valdivia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Weiwen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Faan-Fung Hung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road Hong Kong 999077, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Junzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road Hong Kong 999077, China
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3
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Thilagar P, Nandi RP, Ghosh S. Heteroatom-Promoted Polyhexagonal Saddle-Shaped Molecular Structures and their Supramolecular Coassembly with C 60. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400398. [PMID: 38549365 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Molecules with curved architecture can exhibit unique optoelectronic properties due to the concave-convex π-surface. However, synthesizing negatively curved saddle-shaped aromatic systems has been challenging due to the internal structural strain. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of two polyhexagonal molecular systems, 1 and 2, with saddle shape geometry by judiciously varying the aromatic moiety, avoiding the harsh synthetic methods as that of heptagonal aromatic saddle systems. The unique geometry preferences of B, N, and S furnish suitable curvature to the molecules, featuring saddle shape. The saddle geometry also enables them to interact with fullerene C60 , and the supramolecular interactions of fullerene C60 with 1 and 2 modify their optoelectronic properties. Crystal structure analysis reveals that 1, with a small π-surface, forms a double columnar array of fullerenes in the solid state. In contrast, 2 with a large π-surface produces a supramolecular capsule entrapping two discrete fullerenes. The intermolecular interactions between B, N, S, and the aryl-π surface of the host and C60 guest are the stabilizing factors for creating these supramolecular structures. Comprehensive computational, optical, and Raman spectroscopic studies establish the charge transfer interactions between B-N doped heterocycle host and fullerene C60 guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad Nandi
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Subhajit Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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4
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Nishimura Y, Harimoto T, Suzuki T, Ishigaki Y. One-Pot Synthesis of Helical Azaheptalene and Chiroptical Switching of an Isolable Radical Cation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301759. [PMID: 37280181 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A nitrogen-centered heptalene, azaheptalene, was designed as a representative of a new class of redox-responsive molecules with a large steric strain that originates from the adjacent seven-membered rings. The pentabenzo derivative of azaheptalene was efficiently synthesized by a palladium-catalyzed one-pot reaction of commercially available reagents. Bromination led to mono- and dibrominated derivatives, the latter of which is interconvertible with isolable radical cation species exhibiting near-infrared absorption. Since the azaheptalene skeleton shows configurationally stable helicity with a large torsion angle, enantiomers could be successfully separated. Thus, optically pure azaheptalenes with P- or M-helicity showed strong chiroptical properties (|gabs |≥0.01), which could be changed by an electric potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, 060-0810, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Harimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, 060-0810, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, 060-0810, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, 060-0810, Sapporo, Japan
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5
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Ejlli B, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF, Müllen K. Ring-Expanding Rearrangement of Benzo-Fused Tris-Cycloheptenylenes towards Nonplanar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203735. [PMID: 36602008 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A strongly twisted benzo-fused tris-cycloheptenylene, containing three dibenzosuberenone units fused to a common benzene ring, was subjected to Ramirez olefination and subsequent palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling with 4-substituted phenylboronic acids. The high steric demand within the overcrowded, benzene-rich benzo-fused tris-cycloheptenylenes enforced an unprecedented 1,2-rearrangement upon π-extension during the Suzuki coupling reaction. According to crystal structure analysis, the resulting negatively curved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consist of two heptagons and one octagon surrounding a central benzene ring as a result of strain release. In the solid state, the materials exhibit a blue to blue-green fluorescence with increased quantum yields and a hypsochromic shift of the emission maxima compared to their respective solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ejlli
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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6
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Planarization of negatively curved [7] circulene on a graphene monolayer. Chem Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2023.111853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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7
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Schnitzlein M, Zhu C, Shoyama K, Würthner F. π-Extended Pleiadienes by [5+2] Annulation of 1-Boraphenalenes and ortho-Dihaloarenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202053. [PMID: 35921514 PMCID: PMC9804371 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed [5+2] annulation of 1-boraphenalenes with ortho-dihaloarenes afforded negatively curved π-extended pleiadienes. Two benzo[1,2-i:4,5-i']dipleiadienes (BDPs) featuring a seven-six-seven-membered ring arrangement were synthesized and investigated. Their crystal structure revealed a unique packing arrangement and theoretical calculations were employed to shed light onto the dynamic behavior of the BDP moiety and its aromaticity. Further, a naphthalene-fused pleiadiene was stitched together by oxidative cyclodehydrogenation to yield an additional five-membered ring. This formal azulene moiety led to distinct changes in optical and redox properties and increased perturbation of the aromatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schnitzlein
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Chongwei Zhu
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular SolidsMinistry of Educationand School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal UniversityWuhu241002P. R. China
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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8
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Hisada M, Shimizu D, Matsuda K. Heptagon-Embedded π-Expanded Thieno- and N-Methylpyrrolo-Pyridazines with Substantial Out-of-Plane Dipole Moment. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9034-9043. [PMID: 35749313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of fully fused tetraphenylthieno[3,4-d]pyridazine 1 and N-methylpyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazine 2 with two embedded seven-membered rings. Owing to the incorporated heptagon, 1 and 2 exhibited Cs-symmetric saddle conformations in the solid state with mean plane deviation around 0.38 Å. π-Expanded thienopyridazine 1 showed a one-dimensional (1-D) columnar packing along the b axis with net dipole moment aligning perpendicular to the b axis in the polar crystal system Pc. On the other hand, 2 formed a partially π-stacked brick-work structure. In addition to the Cs-symmetric saddle conformations found in the crystals, density functional theory (DFT) calculation found C2-symmetric twisted conformations of both 1 and 2 close in energy to the saddle conformations. The barrier of conformational interconversion was calculated to be 32 (1) and 31 kJ·mol-1 (2), and the interconversion occurs fast even at -60 °C as evidenced by variable-temperature (VT)-NMR studies. While 1 and 2 have moderately curved structures, optical and electrochemical studies revealed effective π-conjugation over the fused diphenylene units, which is also supported by DFT calculation. As the result of the intrinsic large dipole moment of thieno- and pyrrolo-pyridazines and the notably curved structure, 1 (2) has a substantial out-of-plane dipole moment of 2.0 (3.3) D in the saddle conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Hisada
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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9
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Matsuo Y, Kise K, Morimoto Y, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Fold-in Synthesis of a Pentabenzopentaaza[10]circulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116789. [PMID: 34995398 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A pentabenzopentaaza[10]circulene has been synthesized as the largest fully conjugated hetero[n]circulene via a fold-in oxidative fusion reaction of an ortho-phenylene-bridged cyclic pyrrole pentamer. This circulene takes a saddle-distorted structure with bond lengths of the central ten-membered-ring in the range of 1.455-1.493 Å. Relatively broad absorption and fluorescence spectra were observed, which reflects its flexible structure, in accordance with the low-temperature NMR spectra and theoretical calculations. The energy barrier for saddle-to-saddle interconversion was estimated to be quite small (≈3 kcal mol-1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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10
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Fernández-García JM, Izquierdo-García P, Buendía M, Filippone S, Martín N. Synthetic chiral molecular nanographenes: the key figure of the racemization barrier. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2634-2645. [PMID: 35139140 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06561k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chirality is one of the most intriguing concepts of chemistry, involving living systems and, more recently, materials science. In particular, the bottom-up synthesis of molecular nanographenes endowed with one or several chiral elements is a current challenge for the chemical community. The wilful introduction of defects in the sp2 honeycomb lattice of molecular nanographenes allows the preparation of chiral molecules with tuned band-gaps and chiroptical properties. There are two requirements that a system must fulfill to be chiral: (i) lack of inversion elements (planes or inversion centres) and (ii) to be configurationally stable. The first condition is inherently established by the symmetry group of the structure, however, the limit between conformational and configurational isomers is not totally clear. In this feature article, the chirality and dynamics of synthetic molecular nanographenes, with special emphasis on their racemization barriers and, therefore, the stability of their chiroptical properties are discussed. The general features of nanographenes and their bottom-up synthesis, including the main defects inducing chirality in molecular nanographenes are firstly discussed. In this regard, the most common topological defects of molecular NGs as well as the main techniques used for determining their energy barriers are presented. Then, the manuscript is structured according to the dynamics of molecular nanographenes, classifying them in four main groups, depending on their respective isomerization barriers, as flexible, detectable, isolable and rigid nanographenes. In these sections, the different strategies used to increase the isomerization barrier of chiral molecular nanographenes that lead to configurationally stable nanographenes with defined chiroptical properties are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patricia Izquierdo-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Buendía
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Salvatore Filippone
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain. .,IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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12
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Matsuo Y, Kise K, Morimoto Y, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Fold‐in Synthesis of a Pentabenzopentaaza[10]circulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Koki Kise
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Chemistry JAPAN
| | | | | | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Chemistry Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho 606-8502 Kyoto JAPAN
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13
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Chaolumen, Stepek IA, Yamada KE, Ito H, Itami K. Construction of Heptagon-Containing Molecular Nanocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23508-23532. [PMID: 33547701 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular nanocarbons containing heptagonal rings have attracted increasing interest due to their dynamic behavior, electronic properties, aromaticity, and solid-state packing. Heptagon incorporation can not only induce negative curvature within nanocarbon scaffolds, but also confer significantly altered properties through interaction with adjacent non-hexagonal rings. Despite the disclosure of several beautiful examples in recent years, synthetic strategies toward heptagon-embedded molecular nanocarbons remain relatively limited due to the intrinsic challenges of heptagon formation and incorporation into polyarene frameworks. In this Review, recent advances in solution-mediated and surface-assisted synthesis of heptagon-containing molecular nanocarbons, as well as the intriguing properties of these frameworks, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolumen
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Iain A Stepek
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Keigo E Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, R.O.C
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14
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Wang S, Li X, Zhuang G, Chen M, Huang P, Yang S, Du P. Synthesis and properties of a nanographene-embedded conjugated macrocyclic nanoring via the Scholl reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9104-9107. [PMID: 34498619 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03374c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Direct π-extension by the Scholl reaction for solution-based growth of armchair edges in curved macrocyclic hydrocarbon nanostructures is a great challenge. To date, several attempts at direct π-extension of small highly strained macrocycles have failed. Herein, we report a fixed two-bond approach for direct functionalization of small strained macrocyclic nanorings. The reaction occurs selectively to produce large π-extended molecular crowns with high yields. The design of these precursors features two peripheral C-C bonds that are readily incorporated into the extended aromatic moiety to overcome strain-induced side reactions, such as 1,2-phenyl shift. The crown-shaped macrocycle 10 showed a significant redshift (∼100 nm for absorption) compared with its precursor. This synthesis strategy could pave the way towards the π-extension of strained conjugated macrocycles and their potential applications in electron-transport devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengda Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Xingcheng Li
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Guilin Zhuang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310032, China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Pingsen Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, P. R. China.
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15
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Odajima M, Tajima K, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Non-Planar Perylene Bisimide Analogues with Inserted Carbonyl and Methylene Subunits. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15838-15843. [PMID: 33928728 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and properties of dinaphthotropone bisimide (DNTrBI) and dinaphthocycloheptatriene bisimide (DNCHepBI) are described. Their molecular design is conceptually based on the insertion of a carbon atom into a perylene bisimide (PBI) core. These molecules adopt non-planar structures due to the presence of a seven-membered ring. The PBI derivative into which a carbonyl group was inserted (DNTrBI) immediately underwent nonradiative decay and/or intersystem crossing in its excited state. The PBI derivative into which a methylene group was inserted (DNCHepBI) was susceptible to deprotonation on account of the two electron-withdrawing naphthalene monoimide units. Subsequent aerobic oxidation resulted in the formation of a C-C bond at the central methylene unit, thus affording a σ-dimer. The formation of this C-C bond is dynamically redox-active, i.e., electron injection into the σ-dimer almost quantitatively regenerated the deprotonated DNCHepBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Odajima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Keita Tajima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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16
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Odajima M, Tajima K, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Non‐Planar Perylene Bisimide Analogues with Inserted Carbonyl and Methylene Subunits. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Odajima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Keita Tajima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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17
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18
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Miyoshi H, Hisaki I, Tobe Y. Crystal Structures of Tetramesityl‐Substituted Tetracyclopenta[
def,jkl,pqr,vwx
]tetraphenylene. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Miyoshi
- Division of Frontier Materials Science Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University 560-8531 Toyonaka Osaka Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisaki
- Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES) Hokkaido University 001-0020 Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Division of Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University 560-8531 Toyonaka Osaka Japan
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials Science Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University 560-8531 Toyonaka Osaka Japan
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka University 567-0047 Ibaraki Osaka Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 1001 Ta Hsueh Road 30010 Hsinchu Taiwan
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19
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Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Lan D, Pun SH, Zhou Z, Wei Z, Wang Y, Lee HK, Lin C, Wang J, Petrukhina MA, Li Q, Miao Q. Charging a Negatively Curved Nanographene and Its Covalent Network. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5231-5238. [PMID: 33764047 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study explores a bottom-up approach toward negatively curved carbon allotropes from octabenzo[8]circulene, a negatively curved nanographene. Stepwise chemical reduction reactions of octabenzo[8]circulene with alkali metals lead to a unique highly reduced hydrocarbon pentaanion, which is revealed by X-ray crystallography suggesting a local view for the reduction and alkali metal intercalation processes of negatively curved carbon allotropes. Polymerization of the tetrabromo derivative of octabenzo[8]circulene by the nickel-mediated Yamamoto coupling reaction results in a new type of porous carbon-rich material, which consists of a covalent network of negatively curved nanographenes. It has a specific surface area of 732 m2 g-1 and functions as anode material for lithium ion batteries exhibiting a maximum capacity of 830 mAh·g-1 at a current density of 100 mA·g-1. These results indicate that this covalent network presents the key structural and functional features of negatively curved carbon allotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States of America
| | - Danni Lan
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States of America
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States of America
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Kay Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiangpeng Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States of America
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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20
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Yang X, Chen X, Xu Y, Zhang M, Deng G, Yang Y, Liang Y. Palladium-Catalyzed [4 + 3] or [2 + 2 + 3] Annulation via C–H Activation and Subsequent Decarboxylation: Access to Heptagon-Embedded Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Org Lett 2021; 23:2610-2615. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Xiahong Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yankun Xu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Guobo Deng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yun Liang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
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21
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Morimoto Y, Chen F, Matsuo Y, Kise K, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Improved Synthesis of ortho-Phenylene-bridged Cyclic Tetrapyrroles and Oxidative Fusion Reactions Toward Substituted Tetraaza[8]circulenes. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:648-655. [PMID: 33428328 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hetero[8]circulenes have emerged as novel functionalized heteronanographenes that show various promising functions such as bright fluorescence, charge transporting, and redox reactivities. One of the effective synthetic strategy is the fold-in type oxidative fusion reaction of ortho-phenylene-bridged cyclic tetrapyrroles, whose construction, however, is not well-sophisticated in terms of reproducibility and possibility for versatile derivatization. In this paper, a "reverse" coupling strategy has been developed, which enabled synthesis of opp-type low symmetric analogues of cyclic tetrapyrroles. Oxidative fusion reaction conditions to afford tetraaza[8]circulenes have also been reinvestigated and improved. Substituent effects of cyclic tetrapyrroles and tetrabenzotetraaza[8]circulenes are studied for solid-state structures and packing structures, redox potentials, and optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Fengkun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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22
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Kirschbaum T, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. An Isosteric Triaza Analogue of a Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Monkey Saddle. Chemistry 2020; 26:14560-14564. [PMID: 32539193 PMCID: PMC7756504 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Since a few years, the interest in negatively-curved fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has significantly increased. Recently, the first chiral negatively-curved PAH with the topology of a monkey saddle was introduced. Herein the synthesis of its triaza congener is reported. The influence of this CH↔N exchange on photophysical and electrochemical properties is studied as well as the isomerization process of the enantiomers. The aza analogue has a significantly higher inversion barrier, which makes it easier to handle at room temperature. All experimental results are underpinned by theoretical DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kirschbaum
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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23
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Qiu Z, Asako S, Hu Y, Ju CW, Liu T, Rondin L, Schollmeyer D, Lauret JS, Müllen K, Narita A. Negatively Curved Nanographene with Heptagonal and [5]Helicene Units. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14814-14819. [PMID: 32809808 PMCID: PMC7472433 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Negatively
curved nanographene (NG) 4, having two
heptagons and a [5]helicene, was unexpectedly obtained by aryl rearrangement
and stepwise cyclodehydrogenations. X-ray crystallography confirmed
the saddle-shaped structures of intermediate 3 and NG 4. The favorability of rearrangement over helicene formation
following radical cation or arenium cation mechanisms is supported
by theoretical calculations. NG 4 demonstrates a reversible
mechanochromic color change and solid-state emission, presumably benefiting
from its loose crystal packing. After resolution by chiral high-performance
liquid chromatography, the circular dichroism spectra of enantiomers 4-(P) and 4-(M) were measured and showed moderate Cotton effects at 350 nm (|Δε|
= 148 M–1 cm–1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sobi Asako
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yunbin Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Cheng-Wei Ju
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Thomas Liu
- Université Paris Saclay, ENS Paris Saclay, Centrale Supelec, CNRS, LUMIN, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Loïc Rondin
- Université Paris Saclay, ENS Paris Saclay, Centrale Supelec, CNRS, LUMIN, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jean-Sébastien Lauret
- Université Paris Saclay, ENS Paris Saclay, Centrale Supelec, CNRS, LUMIN, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4-6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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24
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Jiménez VG, David AHG, Cuerva JM, Blanco V, Campaña AG. A Macrocycle Based on a Heptagon‐Containing Hexa‐
peri
‐hexabenzocoronene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente G. Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Unidad de Excelencia de Química aplicada a Biomedicina y Medio Ambiente Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Arthur H. G. David
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Unidad de Excelencia de Química aplicada a Biomedicina y Medio Ambiente Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Unidad de Excelencia de Química aplicada a Biomedicina y Medio Ambiente Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Victor Blanco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Unidad de Excelencia de Química aplicada a Biomedicina y Medio Ambiente Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Unidad de Excelencia de Química aplicada a Biomedicina y Medio Ambiente Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
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25
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Jiménez VG, David AHG, Cuerva JM, Blanco V, Campaña AG. A Macrocycle Based on a Heptagon‐Containing Hexa‐
peri
‐hexabenzocoronene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15124-15128. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente G. Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Unidad de Excelencia de Química aplicada a Biomedicina y Medio Ambiente Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Arthur H. G. David
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Unidad de Excelencia de Química aplicada a Biomedicina y Medio Ambiente Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Unidad de Excelencia de Química aplicada a Biomedicina y Medio Ambiente Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Victor Blanco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Unidad de Excelencia de Química aplicada a Biomedicina y Medio Ambiente Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Unidad de Excelencia de Química aplicada a Biomedicina y Medio Ambiente Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
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26
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Kirschbaum T, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. A Chiral Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Monkey Saddle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:270-274. [PMID: 31613416 PMCID: PMC6972610 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A contorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in the shape of a monkey saddle has been synthesized in three steps from a readily available truxene precursor. The monkey saddle PAH is consisting of three five-, seven six-, and three eight-membered rings and has been unambiguously characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Owing to the three biaryl axes the monkey saddle PAH is inherently chiral. The inversion of the two enantiomeric structures into each other preferably occurs through a twisting of peripheral rings rather than by a fully planar intermediate, as has been calculated by DFT methods. Enantiomers were separated by chiral HPLC and inversion barriers determined by variable temperature circular dichroism spectroscopy, supporting the twisting mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kirschbaum
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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27
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Akhmetov V, Förtsch A, Feofanov M, Troyanov S, Amsharov K. Folding of fluorinated oligoarylenes into non-alternant PAHs with various topological shapes. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00370k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented [6]helicene's cavity closure indicating the possibility of introducing seven-membered rings via alumina-mediated C–F activation is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Akhmetov
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Organic Chemistry II
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Andreas Förtsch
- Institute of Chemistry
- Organic Chemistry
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg
- D-06120 Halle
- Germany
| | - Mikhail Feofanov
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Organic Chemistry II
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Sergey Troyanov
- Chemistry Department
- Moscow State University
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin Amsharov
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Organic Chemistry II
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
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28
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Hayakawa S, Kawasaki A, Hong Y, Uraguchi D, Ooi T, Kim D, Akutagawa T, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Inserting Nitrogen: An Effective Concept To Create Nonplanar and Stimuli-Responsive Perylene Bisimide Analogues. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19807-19816. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sakiho Hayakawa
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kawasaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Daisuke Uraguchi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takashi Ooi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
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29
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Kirschbaum T, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. A Chiral Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Monkey Saddle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kirschbaum
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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30
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Ishigaki Y, Hayashi Y, Suzuki T. Photo- and Thermal Interconversion of Multiconfigurational Strained Hydrocarbons Exhibiting Completely Switchable Oxidation to Stable Dicationic Dyes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18293-18300. [PMID: 31630518 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Highly strained hydrocarbons with two di/tribenzocycloheptatriene units were designed as electrochromic overcrowded ethylenes that undergo reversible interconversion with stable dicationic dyes. Due to severe steric repulsion, two configurational isomers (anti,anti-folded and syn,anti-folded forms) were isolated as stable entities. Photo- and thermal interconversion of these isomers proceeded cleanly: one-way photoisomerization occurred from anti,anti- to syn,anti-form and one-way thermal isomerization was observed from syn,anti- to anti,anti-form. Even though both isomers undergo two-electron oxidation into the same twisted dications, quite different oxidation potentials enable completely selective oxidation of syn,anti-isomers. Thus, the present multiconfigurational strained hydrocarbons are capable of switching of activation/deactivation of their electrochromic properties by light/heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Yuki Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
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31
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Zhou Y, Gan F, Zhang Y, He X, Shen C, Qiu H, Liu P. Selective Killing of Cancer Cells by Nonplanar Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Induced DNA Damage. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901341. [PMID: 31728285 PMCID: PMC6839640 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A large number of current chemotherapeutic agents prevent the growth of tumors by inhibiting DNA synthesis of cancer cells. It has been found recently that many planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derivatives, previously known as carcinogenic, display anticancer activity through DNA cross-linking. However, the practical use of these PAHs is substantially limited by their low therapeutic efficiency and selectivity toward most tumors. Herein, the anticancer property of a nonplanar PAH named [4]helicenium, which exhibits highly selective cytotoxicity toward liver, lung cancer, and leukemia cells compared with normal cells, is reported. Moreover, [4]helicenium effectively inhibits tumor growth in liver cancer-bearing mice and shows little side effects in normal mice. RNA sequencing and confirmatory results demonstrate that [4]helicenium induces more DNA damage in tumor cells than in normal cells, resulting in tumor cell cycle arrest and apoptosis increment. This study reveals an unexpected role and molecular mechanism for PAHs in selectively killing tumor cells and provides an effective strategy for precision cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Fuwei Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix CompositesShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Yuanliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Xiaozhen He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix CompositesShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix CompositesShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Peifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
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32
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Hagui W, Doucet H, Soulé JF. Application of Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp2)–H Bond Arylation to the Synthesis of Polycyclic (Hetero)Aromatics. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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Cheung KY, Miao Q. A ketone-functionalized aromatic saddle as a potential building block for negatively curved carbon nanobelts. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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Yan J, Rahman MS, Yoshikai N. Pd-Catalyzed Annulation of 1-Halo-8-arylnaphthalenes and Alkynes Leading to Heptagon-Embedded Aromatic Systems. Chemistry 2019; 25:9395-9399. [PMID: 30457177 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed heptagon-forming annulation reaction between 1-halo-8-arylnaphthalene and diarylacetylene is reported. The reaction is promoted using a catalytic system comprised of Pd(OAc)2 , moderately electron-deficient triarylphosphine P(4-ClC6 H4 )3 , and Ag2 CO3 to afford benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2,3-de]naphthalene derivatives in moderate to good yields, in preference to fluoranthene as a competing byproduct. Twofold annulation can also be achieved to access a novel heptagon-embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Yan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Md Shafiqur Rahman
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Naohiko Yoshikai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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35
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Bouzayani B, Ben Salem R, Soulé JF, Doucet H. Intermolecular Followed by Intramolecular Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation for the Synthesis of π-Extended Aromatic Compounds Containing One or Two Heteroelements. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bilel Bouzayani
- CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226; Univ Rennes; -35000 Rennes France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique LR 17ES08, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax; Université de Sfax; Route de la Soukra km 4 3038 Sfax Tunisia
| | - Ridha Ben Salem
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique LR 17ES08, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax; Université de Sfax; Route de la Soukra km 4 3038 Sfax Tunisia
| | | | - Henri Doucet
- CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226; Univ Rennes; -35000 Rennes France
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36
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Pun SH, Wang Y, Chu M, Chan CK, Li Y, Liu Z, Miao Q. Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Heptabenzo[7]circulene and Octabenzo[8]circulene. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9680-9686. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yujing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Kit Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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37
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Chen H, Miao Q. Synthesis of Tribenzo[
a
,
c
,
e
]cyclooctene Oligomers: Toward Negatively Curved Nanocarbons. Chempluschem 2019; 84:627-629. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong P. R. China
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38
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Wong WS, Tse HW, Cheung E, Kuck D, Chow HF. Enantiopure Aromatic Saddles Bearing the Fenestrindane Core. J Org Chem 2019; 84:869-878. [PMID: 30550282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of enantiomerically pure, configurationally stable fenestrindane-based polyaromatic compounds with saddle-like structures is reported. Seven racemic fenestrane synthetic precursors were first screened by chiral HPLC for resolvability into enantiomers. Among the three resolvable precursors, a tribenzofenestrene derivative was resolved on a semipreparative scale, and the absolute configuration of the more slowly eluting enantiomer was established by X-ray crystallography. The enantiopure tribenzofenestrenes were then separately converted, in six steps, to the saddle-shaped fenestrindane derivatives in optically pure form. The two enantiomeric pairs of saddles were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. All new compounds reported herein represent the first enantiopure non-natural carbocyclic fenestranes isolated to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Shing Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Wing Tse
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
| | - Enoch Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
| | - Dietmar Kuck
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2) , Bielefeld University , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Hak-Fun Chow
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
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39
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Lin HA, Kato K, Segawa Y, Scott LT, Itami K. Synthesis and structural features of thiophene-fused analogues of warped nanographene and quintuple helicene. Chem Sci 2018; 10:2326-2330. [PMID: 30881659 PMCID: PMC6385676 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04470h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiophene-fused analogues of warped nanographene (WNG) and quintuple helicene (QH) were synthesized via a three-step π-extension of corannulene.
Thiophene-fused analogues of warped nanographene (WNG) and quintuple helicene (QH) were synthesized via a three-step π-extension of corannulene. Similar to the synthetic route to WNG, five hexagons and five heptagons were generated by a Scholl reaction of pentakis(thienylphenyl)corannulene to form pentathiaWNG. In contrast, decathiaWNG could not be obtained from pentakis(thienylthienyl)corannulene, and instead decathiaQH was generated from the photocyclization of the precursor. X-ray crystallography of the products revealed their conformations and packing modes in the solid state. The configurational features of decathiaQH were further examined by DFT calculations. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of the sulfur-containing WNG and QH were shifted relative to those of the corresponding sulfur-free analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-An Lin
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan . ; .,Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Kenta Kato
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan . ; .,Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Lawrence T Scott
- Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467-3860 , USA
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan . ; .,Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITBM) , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya , 464-8602 , Japan
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40
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Majewski MA, Stępień M. Schalen, Reifen und Sattel: Methoden zur Synthese gebogener aromatischer Moleküle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin A. Majewski
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Polen
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Polen
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41
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Majewski MA, Stępień M. Bowls, Hoops, and Saddles: Synthetic Approaches to Curved Aromatic Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:86-116. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin A. Majewski
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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42
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Fernández-García JM, Evans PJ, Medina Rivero S, Fernández I, García-Fresnadillo D, Perles J, Casado J, Martín N. π-Extended Corannulene-Based Nanographenes: Selective Formation of Negative Curvature. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17188-17196. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M. Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul J. Evans
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David García-Fresnadillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Perles
- Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction Laboratory, Interdepartmental Research Service (SIdI), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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43
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Oki K, Takase M, Mori S, Shiotari A, Sugimoto Y, Ohara K, Okujima T, Uno H. Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Core-Expanded Azacoronene Analogue: A Twisted π-System with Two N-Doped Heptagons. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10430-10434. [PMID: 30068084 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A core-expanded, pyrrole-fused azacoronene analogue containing two unusual N-doped heptagons was obtained from commercially available octafluoronaphthalene and 3,4-diethylpyrrole in two steps as a heteroatom-doped nonplanar nanographene. Full fusion with the formation of the tetraazadipleiadiene framework and the longitudinally twisted structure was unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The edge-to-edge dihedral angle along the acene moiety was 63°. This electron-rich π-system showed four reversible oxidation peaks. Despite the nonplanar structure, the Hückel aromaticity owing to a peripheral π-conjugation in the dicationic state was concluded from the bond-length alternation and nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) and anisotropy of the induced current density (ACID) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Oki
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Ehime University , Matsuyama 790-8577 , Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takase
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Ehime University , Matsuyama 790-8577 , Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center , Ehime University , Matsuyama 790-8577 , Japan
| | - Akitoshi Shiotari
- Department of Advanced Materials Science , The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8561 , Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sugimoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science , The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8561 , Japan
| | - Keishi Ohara
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Ehime University , Matsuyama 790-8577 , Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okujima
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Ehime University , Matsuyama 790-8577 , Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Ehime University , Matsuyama 790-8577 , Japan
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Abstract
Negatively curved carbons are theoretical carbon allotropes as proposed by embedding heptagons or octagons in a graphitic lattice. Unlike five-membered rings in fullerenes, which induce positive curvature, the seven- or eight-membered rings induce negative curvature, giving rise to a variety of esthetic carbon nanostructures known as Mackay crystals or carbon schwarzites. In addition, hypothetical toroidal carbon nanotubes consisting of five-, six-, and seven-membered rings present positive curvature on the outside and negative curvature on the inside of the torus. These carbon allotropes with negative curvature are predicted to have interesting properties and potential applications on the basis of computational studies but are yet to be synthesized. A promising bottom-up approach to these intriguing but still imaginary carbon structures is organic synthesis of negatively curved polycyclic arenes, which are also known as negatively curved nanographenes. They not only are segments of negatively curved carbon allotropes containing important structural information but also can in principle be used as templates or monomer units for the synthesis of carbon schwarzites and toroidal carbon nanotubes. This Account describes research on the design, synthesis, structure, stereochemical dynamics, and properties of negatively curved nanographenes, with emphasis on our efforts in this field. In our designs of negatively curved nanographenes, a few heptagon- or octagon-embedded π systems were employed as basic structural units, including [7]circulene, heptagon-embedded hexa- peri-benzocoronene, tetrabenzodipleiadiene, and [8]circulene. They present a saddle-shaped geometry and consist of a relatively small number of sp2 carbon atoms. By expanding or connecting these structural units, we designed and synthesized larger negatively curved nanographenes consisting of up to 96 sp2 carbon atoms. A method of key importance in the synthesis of negatively curved nanographenes is the Scholl reaction, which enables the formation of multiple carbon-carbon bonds in a single step by intramolecular oxidative cyclodehydrogenation. The unique structures of negatively curved nanographenes were studied by experimental and computational methods. In particular, X-ray crystallography of single crystals revealed remarkably curved π faces accompanied by severe out-of-plane deformation of benzenoid rings, which sheds light on the limit of π bonds and the aromaticity of polycycles. As found mainly from calculations, the flexible polycyclic frameworks of negatively curved nanographenes are associated with stereochemical dynamics that is not available for planar polycyclic aromatics. In addition, some negatively curved nanographenes have been found to function as organic semiconductors in the solid state. We envision that the study of negatively curved nanographenes will serve as an important initial step toward the eventual synthesis of new carbon allotropes with negative curvature and new frontiers of nanocarbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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Cruz CM, Márquez IR, Mariz IFA, Blanco V, Sánchez-Sánchez C, Sobrado JM, Martín-Gago JA, Cuerva JM, Maçôas E, Campaña AG. Enantiopure distorted ribbon-shaped nanographene combining two-photon absorption-based upconversion and circularly polarized luminescence. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3917-3924. [PMID: 29780523 PMCID: PMC5934837 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00427g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we describe a distorted ribbon-shaped nanographene exhibiting unprecedented combination of optical properties in graphene-related materials, namely upconversion based on two-photon absorption (TPA-UC) together with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). The compound is a graphene molecule of ca. 2 nm length and 1 nm width with edge defects that promote the distortion of the otherwise planar lattice. The edge defects are an aromatic saddle-shaped ketone unit and a [5]carbohelicene moiety. This system is shown to combine two-photon absorption and circularly polarized luminescence and a remarkably long emission lifetime of 21.5 ns. The [5]helicene is responsible for the chiroptical activity while the push-pull geometry and the extended network of sp2 carbons are factors favoring the nonlinear absorption. Electronic structure theoretical calculations support the interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Cruz
- Departamento Química Orgánica , Universidad de Granada (UGR) , C. U. Fuentenueva , 18071 Granada , Spain .
| | - Irene R Márquez
- Departamento Química Orgánica , Universidad de Granada (UGR) , C. U. Fuentenueva , 18071 Granada , Spain .
| | - Inês F A Mariz
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular (CQFM) , Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN) and Centro de Química Estrutural , Instituto Superior Técnico , University of Lisbon , Av. Rovisco Pais, 1 , 1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Victor Blanco
- Departamento Química Orgánica , Universidad de Granada (UGR) , C. U. Fuentenueva , 18071 Granada , Spain .
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) , Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Jesús M Sobrado
- Centro de Astrobiología INTA-CSIC , Torrejón de Ardoz , 28850 Madrid , Spain
| | - José A Martín-Gago
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) , Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- Centro de Astrobiología INTA-CSIC , Torrejón de Ardoz , 28850 Madrid , Spain
| | - Juan M Cuerva
- Departamento Química Orgánica , Universidad de Granada (UGR) , C. U. Fuentenueva , 18071 Granada , Spain .
| | - Ermelinda Maçôas
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular (CQFM) , Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN) and Centro de Química Estrutural , Instituto Superior Técnico , University of Lisbon , Av. Rovisco Pais, 1 , 1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Araceli G Campaña
- Departamento Química Orgánica , Universidad de Granada (UGR) , C. U. Fuentenueva , 18071 Granada , Spain .
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Ishigaki Y, Shimajiri T, Takeda T, Katoono R, Suzuki T. Longest C–C Single Bond among Neutral Hydrocarbons with a Bond Length beyond 1.8 Å. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Kawai K, Kato K, Peng L, Segawa Y, Scott LT, Itami K. Synthesis and Structure of a Propeller-Shaped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Containing Seven-Membered Rings. Org Lett 2018; 20:1932-1935. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kawai
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenta Kato
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Lingqing Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Lawrence T. Scott
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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48
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Pun SH, Chan CK, Luo J, Liu Z, Miao Q. A Dipleiadiene-Embedded Aromatic Saddle Consisting of 86 Carbon Atoms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1581-1586. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Chi Kit Chan
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Jiye Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China
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Pun SH, Chan CK, Luo J, Liu Z, Miao Q. A Dipleiadiene-Embedded Aromatic Saddle Consisting of 86 Carbon Atoms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Chi Kit Chan
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Jiye Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China
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50
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Uchimura Y, Shimajiri T, Ishigaki Y, Katoono R, Suzuki T. Expandability of a long C–O bond by a scissor effect in acenaphthofuran. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10300-10303. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05998e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The angle strain induced by ring annulation on a spiro-type naphthofuran weakens its C(sp3)–O bond at the opposite peri-position and endows expandability, so that quite different bond lengths [1.493(3)–1.526(6) Å] are determined for the elongated C(sp3)–O bond of the corresponding spiro-acenaphthofuran derivative upon X-ray analyses of its pseudopolymorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Uchimura
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
| | - Takuya Shimajiri
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
| | - Ryo Katoono
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
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