1
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Ma XD, Ma FY, Jiao MM, Li JT, Duan XF. Modular and Regioselective Synthesis of Benzo-Fused Five-Membered Rings Enabled by Co/Ti Synergism. Org Lett 2024; 26:6658-6663. [PMID: 39083395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The regiocontrol in constructing benzo-fused five-membered rings by C-H cyclization remains an important challenge. We report a highly general and regioselective methodology to access such heterocycles and indenones, where under the catalysis of CoBr2/bipyridine, aryl titanates, alkynes and EX2 (E = NR, S(O), RP(O), R2Si, CO, etc.) were assembled to various heterocycles and indenones in a modular manner. Unprecedented 1,2-Co/Ti heterobimetallic arylene and benzotitanole intermediates have played crucial roles in these syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Di Ma
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Ma
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Miao-Miao Jiao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jun-Ting Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xin-Fang Duan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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2
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Kumar Gupta S, Panda N. Palladium-Catalyzed C3-Carbaldehyde Directed Regioselective C2-Thioarylation of Indoles. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400272. [PMID: 38577719 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed thioarylation of indoles by diaryl disulfides in the presence of phenyliododiacetate is reported. The directing potential of weakly coordinating aldehyde group present at 3-position of indole was exploited for regioselective C2-H thioarylation over the possible C4-H functionalization. Mechanistic studies reveal that the process involves initial generation of thioaryl radical followed by sequential C-H activation, thiolate transfer, and reductive elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Niranjan Panda
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
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3
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Banerjee S, Punniyamurthy T. Palladium-Catalyzed Weak-Chelation-Assisted C4-Nitration of Indoles with tert-Butyl Nitrite: Formal Access to Aminated Indoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:988-993. [PMID: 38277494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed weak-chelation-assisted C4-selective nitration of indoles has been accomplished employing tert-butyl nitrite in the presence of oxone under molecular oxygen at a moderate temperature. Aerobic conditions, C4-selectivity, substrate scope, conversion to valuable aminated indoles, and late-stage natural product modifications are the important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonbidya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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4
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Krishna Rao MV, Kareem S, Vali SR, Subba Reddy BV. Recent advances in metal directed C-H amidation/amination using sulfonyl azides and phosphoryl azides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8426-8462. [PMID: 37831479 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01160g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C-N bond formation reactions have gained popularity as a method for selectively transforming common C-H bonds into N-functionalized molecules. This approach is particularly useful for synthesizing aminated molecules, which require aminating reagents and amidated building blocks. Over the past two decades, significant advancements have been achieved in transition-metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization, with organic azides emerging as promising amino sources and internal oxidants. This review focuses on recent developments in utilizing sulfonyl and phosphoryl azides as building blocks for directed intra- and intermolecular C-H functionalization reactions. Specifically, it discusses methods for synthesizing sulfonamidates and phosphoramidates using sulfonyl and phosphoryl azides, respectively. The article highlights the potential of C-H functionalization reactions with organic azides for efficiently and sustainably synthesizing N-functionalized molecules, providing valuable insights into the latest advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Krishna Rao
- Department of Fluoro & Agrochemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India.
| | - Shaik Kareem
- Department of Fluoro & Agrochemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India.
| | - Shaik Ramjan Vali
- Department of Fluoro & Agrochemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India.
| | - B V Subba Reddy
- Department of Fluoro & Agrochemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India.
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5
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Xue F, Yang CJ, Tang T, He Z. Sequential annulation and isomerisation reaction of 3-acylmethylidene oxindoles with Huisgen zwitterions and synthesis of 5-(3-oxindolyl)oxazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8176-8181. [PMID: 37786314 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01199b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a facile synthesis of 5-(3-oxindolyl)oxazole derivatives via a sequential annulation and isomerisation reaction of 3-acylmethylidene oxindoles with in situ generated Huisgen zwitterions (HZs) from PPh3 and azodicarboxylates. This reaction exhibits good functional group tolerance with 30 examples of structurally diverse products prepared with moderate to good efficiencies (up to 88% yield), thus providing a generally applicable route to the biologically important 5-(3-indolyl)oxazole structural motifs. Key to the success of this sequential one-pot strategy is the utilization of DBU as a base to promote the isomerisation process of the corresponding intermediate annulation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixue Xue
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Chang-Jiang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan 523000, China
- The Dongguan Key Laboratory for Data Science and Intelligent Medicine, Dongguan 523000, China.
| | - Tong Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Zhengjie He
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China.
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6
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Basak S, Paul T, Punniyamurthy T. A redox-neutral weak carbonyl chelation assisted C4-H allylation of indoles with vinylcyclopropanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11568-11571. [PMID: 37682283 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03614f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
A weak acyl chelation-assisted distal C4-H allylation of indoles has been accomplished using vinylcyclopropanes as an allylating agent under redox-neutral ruthenium(II) catalysis. The regioselectivity, removable directing group, substrate scope and diastereoselectivity are the important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
| | - Tripti Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
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7
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Sarkar S, Biswas A, Das S, Sanyal B, Sahoo R, Samanta R. Weakly coordinating tert-amide assisted Rh(III)-catalyzed C4-cyanation of indoles: application in photophysical studies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11200-11203. [PMID: 37650543 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03075j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A rhodium(III)-catalyzed indole C4-selective cyanation is described using the bench-stable, user-friendly electrophilic cyanation agent N-cyano-N-phenyl-p-toluenesulfonamide (NCTS) as a coupling partner. A suitably positioned weakly coordinating tert-amide group was utilized for this site selectivity. The developed protocol proceeded with a broad scope. [Cp*Rh(MeCN)3][SbF6]2 was found to be an effective Rh(III) catalyst for this transformation. An initial study was carried out to know the photophysical properties of the C4-cyanated indole frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souradip Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Aniruddha Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Sarbojit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Bortika Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Rajkumar Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Rajarshi Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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8
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Yin SY, Zhou Q, Liu CX, Gu Q, You SL. Enantioselective Synthesis of N-N Biaryl Atropisomers through Iridium(I)-Catalyzed C-H Alkylation with Acrylates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305067. [PMID: 37140049 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective synthesis of N-N biaryl atropisomers is an emerging area but remains underexplored. The development of efficient synthesis of N-N biaryl atropisomers is in great demand. Herein, the construction of N-N biaryl atropisomers through iridium-catalyzed asymmetric C-H alkylation is reported for the first time. In the presence of readily available Ir precursor and Xyl-BINAP, a variety of axially chiral molecules based on indole-pyrrole skeleton were obtained in good yields (up to 98 %) with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee). In addition, N-N bispyrrole atropisomers could also be synthesized in excellent yields and enantioselectivity. This method features perfect atom economy, wide substrate scope, and multifunctionalized products allowing diverse transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiansujia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Material and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Chen-Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Material and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
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9
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Kathiravan S, Zhang T, Nicholls IA. Iridium catalysed C2 site-selective methylation of indoles using a pivaloyl directing group through weak chelation-assistance. RSC Adv 2023; 13:11291-11295. [PMID: 37057266 PMCID: PMC10088075 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02031b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we present an iridium catalysed C2-selective methylation of indoles using methyltrifluoroborate as a source of methyl group. The iridium catalyst selectively discriminates the indole C2 and C4 C-H bonds by coordination with a pivaloyl directing group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University Kalmar SE-39182 Sweden
| | - Ian A Nicholls
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University Kalmar SE-39182 Sweden
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10
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Chen S, Yang Y, Chen C, Wang C. Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Keto Carbonyl-Directed C—H Bond Functionalization Reactions. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202205033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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11
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Sandeep K, Kumar AS, Kumara Swamy KC. Rhodium‐Catalyzed Vinyl Sulfonylation of 3‐Carbonyl‐Substituted Indoles with Ethenesulfonyl Fluoride by Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling: An Application in (3+2) Cycloaddition. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Sandeep
- School of Chemistry University of Hyderabad Gachibowli Hyderabad 5000046 Telangana State India
| | - A. Sanjeeva Kumar
- School of Chemistry University of Hyderabad Gachibowli Hyderabad 5000046 Telangana State India
| | - K. C. Kumara Swamy
- School of Chemistry University of Hyderabad Gachibowli Hyderabad 5000046 Telangana State India
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12
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Li JF, Yin B, Wang JJ. Mechanistic Insights into Cobalt-Catalyzed Regioselective C4-Alkenylation of 3-Acetylindole: A Detailed Theoretical Study. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14125-14136. [PMID: 36256734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A detailed mechanistic study of Co(III)-catalyzed C4-alkenylation of 3-acetylindole (1a) was done based on calculations at density functional theory (DFT) and correlated wave function levels. The whole catalytic cycle consists of four steps: C-H activation, olefin insertion, β-hydride elimination, and regeneration of the catalyst. The theoretical results support olefin insertion as the rate-determining step leading to the experimentally observed regioselectivity of the C4 site over the C2 site. By the analysis of three-dimensional (3D) geometries and the NCl plot, the preference for the C4 site over the C2 site could be attributed to the weaker repulsive interaction between the indole moiety and olefin in the transition states of the olefin insertion step for the former. The reliability of the theoretical mechanistic results is further confirmed through the DFT calculation of other related indole derivatives and olefin substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Li
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Bing Yin
- Lab of Theoretical Molecular Magnetism (LTMM), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Ji-Jiang Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
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13
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Aslam M, Devkota S, Jamshaid S, Lee YR. Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective C4 Functionalization of Indoles with Quinones. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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14
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Taskesenligil Y, Aslan M, Cogurcu T, Saracoglu N. Directed C-H Functionalization of C3-Aldehyde, Ketone, and Acid/Ester-Substituted Free (NH) Indoles with Iodoarenes via a Palladium Catalyst System. J Org Chem 2022; 88:1299-1318. [PMID: 35609297 PMCID: PMC9903333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H arylations of free (NH) indoles including different carbonyl directing groups on C3-position with aryl iodides are demonstrated. Importantly, the reactions are carried out using the same catalyst system without any additional transient directing group (TDG). In this study, the formyl group as a directing group gave the C4-arylated indoles versus C2-arylation. Using this catalyst system, C-H functionalization of 3-acetylindoles provided domino C4-arylation/3,2-carbonyl migration products. This transformation involves the unusual migration of the acetyl group to the C2-position following C4-arylation in one pot. Meanwhile, migration of the acetyl group could be simply controlled and N-protected 3-acetylindoles afforded C4-arylation products without migration of the acetyl group. Functionalization of indole-3-carboxylic acid (or methyl ester) with aryl iodides using the present Pd(II)-catalyst system resulted in decarboxylation followed by the formation of C2-arylated indoles. Based on the control experiments and the literature, plausible mechanisms are proposed. The synthetic utilities of these acetylindole derivatives have also been demonstrated. Remarkably, C4-arylated acetylindoles have allowed the construction of functionalized pityiacitrin (a natural product).
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15
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The Molecular Diversity of 1H-Indole-3-Carbaldehyde Derivatives and Their Role in Multicomponent Reactions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:24. [PMID: 35467226 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde and related members of the indole family are ideal precursors for the synthesis of active molecules. 1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde and its derivatives are essential and efficient chemical precursors for generating biologically active structures. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer access to complex molecules. This review highlights the recent applications of 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde in such inherently sustainable multicomponent reactions from the period, 2014 to 2021 and provides an overview of the field that awaits further exploitation in the assembly of pharmaceutically interesting scaffolds.
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16
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Li X, Zhao Q, Shen Y, Ma R. Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Diamidation and Diamidation/Intramolecular Cyclization of N-Iminopyridinium Ylides with Dioxazolones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3468-3481. [PMID: 35080889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H diamidation and diamidation/intramolecular cyclization of N-iminopyridinium ylides with dioxazolones has been developed, providing diamidated products and benzoxazinone products in good to excellent yields. Notably, the tunable selectivity of this reaction can be controlled by simply switching the solvent and the temperature. This reaction features operational simplicity, a broad substrate scope, and a good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Yang Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Ran Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
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17
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Ren Y, An Z, Zhao P, Li M, Yan R. Iron-catalyzed one-pot cyclization and amination of 2-alkynylthioanisoles using nitrosobenzenes as the amine source. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00535b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A direct strategy for the synthesis of 3-phenylaminobenzothiophene via iron-catalyzed cyclization of 2-alkynylthioanisoles and nitrosoarenes is presented in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhenyu An
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Pengbo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mengxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rulong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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18
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Niu Y, Yan CX, Yang XX, Bai PB, Zhou PP, Yang SD. Solvent-controlled regioselective arylation of indoles and mechanistic explorations. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01454d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A new reaction for the regioselective arylation of indoles at C2 or C3 positions achieved by adjusting the solvent and with P(O)tBu2 as an auxiliary group is reported. And the experimental results and DFT confirmed the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chao-Xian Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin-Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng-Bo Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shang-Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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19
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Li X, He Q, Fan R. Divergent synthesis of 4-amino indoles with free amine groups via tandem reaction of 2-alkynylanilines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00675h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A dearomatization method for divergent synthesis of 4-amino indoles having N1 or C4 free amine groups from 2-alkynylanilines was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qiuqin He
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Renhua Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
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20
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Jiang Y, Mao Z, Guan Y, Pan H, Zhang X. Ru-catalyzed direct arene C–H amidation of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines with sulfonyl azides. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Wang M, Zhang J, Wang H, Ma B, Dai HX. Construction of Aza-spiro[4,5]indole Scaffolds via Rhodium-Catalyzed Regioselective C(4)—H Activation of Indole ※. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a21120588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Basak S, Paul T, Punniyamurthy T. Palladium-Catalyzed 2-fold C-H Activation/C-C Coupling for C4-Arylation of Indoles Using Weak Chelation. Org Lett 2021; 24:554-558. [PMID: 34968057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed weak chelation-assisted regioselective C4-arylation of indoles has been accomplished using a readily available arene at moderate temperature. The C4-arylation, weak chelating benzoyl (Bz) directing group, cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC), broad substrate scope, and late-stage diversifications are the important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Tripti Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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23
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Chen F, Huang X, Yang C, Jiang H, Zeng W. Photocatalyzed Coupling-Cyclization of ortho-Alkynylaryl Vinylethers with Arylsulfonyl Azides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14572-14585. [PMID: 34623805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel visible-light-induced coupling-cyclization of ortho-alkynylaryl vinylethers with arylsulfonyl azides has been described. This transformation provided a concise approach to access C3-exocyclic C═C bond/C2-alkylsulfone-tethered benzofurans via a solvent-leveraged carbosulfonylation and [2 + 2 + 3] cyclization. Primary mechanistic studies demonstrated that THF belongs to a crucial H atom source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Can Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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24
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Faarasse S, El Brahmi N, Guillaumet G, El Kazzouli S. Regioselective C-H Functionalization of the Six-Membered Ring of the 6,5-Fused Heterocyclic Systems: An Overview. Molecules 2021; 26:5763. [PMID: 34641306 PMCID: PMC8510187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regioselective C-H functionalization of the five-membered ring of the 6,5-fused heterocyclic systems is nowadays well documented due to its high reactivity compared to the six-membered ring. So, developing new procedures of C-H functionalization of the six-membered ring "by thinking out of the box" is extremely challenging, which explains the limited number of reports published to date. This review paper aims to highlight advances achieved in this emerging chemistry research and discusses recently reported methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Faarasse
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, Euromed University of Fes, Route de Meknes, Fez 30000, Morocco; (S.F.); (N.E.B.); (G.G.)
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Orleans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orleans, France
| | - Nabil El Brahmi
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, Euromed University of Fes, Route de Meknes, Fez 30000, Morocco; (S.F.); (N.E.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, Euromed University of Fes, Route de Meknes, Fez 30000, Morocco; (S.F.); (N.E.B.); (G.G.)
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Orleans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orleans, France
| | - Saïd El Kazzouli
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, Euromed University of Fes, Route de Meknes, Fez 30000, Morocco; (S.F.); (N.E.B.); (G.G.)
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25
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Banjare SK, Nanda T, Pati BV, Adhikari GKD, Dutta J, Ravikumar PC. Breaking the Trend: Insight into Unforeseen Reactivity of Alkynes in Cobalt-Catalyzed Weak Chelation-Assisted Regioselective C(4)–H Functionalization of 3-Pivaloyl Indole. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Kumar Banjare
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Tanmayee Nanda
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Bedadyuti Vedvyas Pati
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Gopal Krushna Das Adhikari
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Juhi Dutta
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Ponneri C. Ravikumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
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26
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Devkota S, Kim S, Yoo SY, Mohandoss S, Baik MH, Lee YR. Ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed regioselective direct C4- and C5-diamidation of indoles and mechanistic studies. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11427-11437. [PMID: 34567497 PMCID: PMC8409494 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02138a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed regioselective direct diamidation of 3-carbonylindoles at the C4- and C5-positions using various dioxazolones is described. This novel protocol allows for the effective installation of two amide groups on the benzene ring in indole. A remarkably broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, and mild reaction conditions are notable features of this protocol. Further explorations reveal that benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxaldehyde is a viable substrate and affords its corresponding diamidation products. The diamido indoles are further converted into various functionalized products and used as sensors for metal ion detection. Density functional theory studies are also conducted to propose a reaction mechanism and provide a detailed understanding of the regioselectivity observed in the reaction. Ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed regioselective C4-/C5-diamidation of 3-carbonylindoles is described and a DFT study is conducted to understand the observed regioselectivity and the mechanism.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreedhar Devkota
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea .,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Yeol Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea .,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sonaimuthu Mohandoss
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 Republic of Korea
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27
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Cao XT, Wei SN, Sun HT, Li M, Zheng ZL, Wang G. Iridium-catalyzed regioselective C-H sulfonamidation of 1,2,4-thiadiazoles with sulfonyl azides in water. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22000-22004. [PMID: 35480792 PMCID: PMC9034132 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04450h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a regioselective C-N cross-coupling of 1,2,4-thiadiazoles with sulfonyl azides through iridium catalysis in water. This method tactically linked the 1,2,4-thiadiazoles and sulfonamides together, and the novel molecules increased the diversity of 1,2,4-thiadiazoles which may have potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ting Cao
- College of Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University Jining 272067 China
| | - Su-Ning Wei
- College of Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University Jining 272067 China
| | - Hao-Tian Sun
- College of Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University Jining 272067 China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University Jining 272067 China
| | - Zuo-Ling Zheng
- College of Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University Jining 272067 China
| | - Guannan Wang
- College of Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University Jining 272067 China
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28
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Shi X, Wang Z, Li Y, Li X, Li X, Shi D. Palladium-Catalyzed Remote C-H Phosphonylation of Indoles at the C4 and C6 Positions by a Radical Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13871-13876. [PMID: 33851763 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed direct C-H activation of indole benzenoid moiety has been achieved in the past decade. However, palladium-catalyzed remote C-H activation of indoles is rare. Herein, we report a challenging palladium-catalyzed remote C4-H phosphonylation of indoles by a radical approach. The method provides access to a series of C4-phosphonylated indoles, including tryptophan and tryptophan-containing dipeptides, which are typically inaccessible by direct C4-H activation due to its heavy reliance on C3 directing groups. Notably, unexpected C6-phosphonylated indoles were obtained through blocking of the C4 position. The preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that the reactions may proceed via a C7-palladacycle/remote-activation process. Based on the strategy, examples of remote C4-H difluoromethylation with BrCF2 COOEt are also presented, suggesting that the strategy may offer a general blueprint for other cross-couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Zemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 168 Weihai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
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29
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Shi X, Wang Z, Li Y, Li X, Li X, Shi D. Palladium‐Catalyzed Remote C−H Phosphonylation of Indoles at the C4 and C6 Positions by a Radical Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408 China
| | - Zemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology 168 Weihai Road Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
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30
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Tali JA, Singh D, Kumar G, Shankar R. Regioselective Base‐controlled Pd‐catalyzed Arylation of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines: leading selectivity at C8 position by N‐chelation over O‐chelation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Ahmad Tali
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (NPMC) CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Jammu 180001 India
| | - Davinder Singh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (NPMC) CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Jammu 180001 India
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (NPMC) CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Jammu 180001 India
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (NPMC) CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Jammu 180001 India
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31
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Luo J, Fu Q. Aldehyde‐Directed C(
sp
2
)−H Functionalization under Transition‐Metal Catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Pharmacy Southwest Medical University Luzhou 610041 P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University Luzhou 646000 P. R. China
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32
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Kathiravan S, Anaspure P, Zhang T, Nicholls IA. Tandem Iridium-Catalyzed Decarbonylative C-H Activation of Indole: Sacrificial Electron-Rich Ketone-Assisted Bis-arylsulfenylation. Org Lett 2021; 23:3331-3336. [PMID: 33908788 PMCID: PMC8289288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Described herein
is a decarbonylative tandem C–H bis-arylsulfenylation
of indole at the C2 and C4 C–H bonds through the use of pentamethylcyclopentadienyl
iridium dichloride dimer ([Cp*IrCl2]2) catalyst
and disulfides. A new sacrificial electron-rich adamantoyl-directing
group facilitates indole C–H bis-functionalization with a traceless
in situ removal. Various differently substituted disulfides can be
easily accommodated in this reaction by a coordination to Ir(III)
through the formation of six- and five-membered iridacycles at the
C2 and C4 positions, respectively. Mechanistic studies show that a
C–H activation-induced C–C activation is involved in
the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subban Kathiravan
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Chemical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar 39182, Sweden
| | - Prasad Anaspure
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Chemical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar 39182, Sweden
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Chemical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar 39182, Sweden
| | - Ian A Nicholls
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Chemical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar 39182, Sweden
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33
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Kong L, Han X, Chen H, Sun H, Lan Y, Li X. Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Regioselective Remote C–H Alkylation of Protic Indoles. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingheng Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Xi Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Haohua Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Huaming Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi’an 710062, China
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34
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Wu Q, Gao P, Yuan Y. Rhodium‐Catalyzed Selective C−H Alkenylation of Indole at C4 Position. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University 88 Daxue South Road Yangzhou City Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Pan Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University 88 Daxue South Road Yangzhou City Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Yu Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University 88 Daxue South Road Yangzhou City Jiangsu Province P. R. China
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35
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iAmideV-Deep: Valine Amidation Site Prediction in Proteins Using Deep Learning and Pseudo Amino Acid Compositions. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amidation is an important post translational modification where a peptide ends with an amide group (–NH2) rather than carboxyl group (–COOH). These amidated peptides are less sensitive to proteolytic degradation with extended half-life in the bloodstream. Amides are used in different industries like pharmaceuticals, natural products, and biologically active compounds. The in-vivo, ex-vivo, and in-vitro identification of amidation sites is a costly and time-consuming but important task to study the physiochemical properties of amidated peptides. A less costly and efficient alternative is to supplement wet lab experiments with accurate computational models. Hence, an urgent need exists for efficient and accurate computational models to easily identify amidated sites in peptides. In this study, we present a new predictor, based on deep neural networks (DNN) and Pseudo Amino Acid Compositions (PseAAC), to learn efficient, task-specific, and effective representations for valine amidation site identification. Well-known DNN architectures are used in this contribution to learn peptide sequence representations and classify peptide chains. Of all the different DNN based predictors developed in this study, Convolutional neural network-based model showed the best performance surpassing all other DNN based models and reported literature contributions. The proposed model will supplement in-vivo methods and help scientists to determine valine amidation very efficiently and accurately, which in turn will enhance understanding of the valine amidation in different biological processes.
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36
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Li L, Li X, Wang W, He Q, Fan R. Synthesis of 4-Alkylindoles from 2-Alkynylanilines via Dearomatization- and Aromatization-Triggered Alkyl Migration. Org Lett 2021; 23:2130-2134. [PMID: 33688741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple method for rapid synthesis of 4-alkylindoles from 2-alkynylanilines was reported. The protocol involves an oxidative dearomatization and an aromatization triggered regioselective alkyl migration. A range of alkyl groups including linear, branched, or cycloalkyl groups can be introduced into the C4 position of indole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qiuqin He
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Renhua Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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37
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Xie G, Zhao Y, Cai C, Deng GJ, Gong H. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct and Specific C-7 Acylation of Indolines with 1,2-Diketones. Org Lett 2021; 23:410-415. [PMID: 33400544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The indole scaffold is a ubiquitous and useful substructure, and extensive investigations have been conducted to construct the indole framework and/or realize indole modification. Nevertheless, the direct selective functionalization on the benzenoid core must overcome the high activity of the C-3 position and still remains highly challenging. Herein, a palladium-catalyzed direct and specific C-7 acylation of indolines in the presence of an easily removed directing group was developed. This strategy usually is considered as a practical strategy for the preparation of acylated indoles because indoline can be easily converted to indole under oxidation conditions. In particular, our strategy greatly improved the alkacylation yield of indolines for which only an unsatisfactory yield could be achieved in the previous studies. Furthermore, the reaction can be scaled up to gram level in the standard reaction conditions with a much lower palladium loading (1 mol %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Xie
- Foshan Green Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute of Xiangtan University; The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- Foshan Green Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute of Xiangtan University; The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Changqun Cai
- Foshan Green Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute of Xiangtan University; The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Foshan Green Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute of Xiangtan University; The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Hang Gong
- Foshan Green Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute of Xiangtan University; The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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38
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Wang ZY, Guo RL, Zhang XL, Wang MY, Chen GN, Wang YQ. Regioselective C5-H direct iodination of indoles. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An efficient regioselective C5-H direct iodination of indoles is reported herein for the first time, which offers a general and practical access to the difficult C5 functionalization of indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- School of Foreign Languages
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
| | - Rui-Li Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- School of Foreign Languages
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
| | - Xing-Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- School of Foreign Languages
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
| | - Meng-Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- School of Foreign Languages
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
| | - Gang-Ni Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- School of Foreign Languages
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- School of Foreign Languages
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
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39
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Kumar P, Nagtilak PJ, Kapur M. Transition metal-catalyzed C–H functionalizations of indoles. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01696b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises a wide range of transformations on the indole skeleton, including arylation, alkenylation, alkynylation, acylation, nitration, borylation, and amidation, using transition-metal catalyzed C–H functionalization as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, MP, India
| | - Prajyot Jayadev Nagtilak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, MP, India
| | - Manmohan Kapur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, MP, India
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40
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Feng X, Tian J, Sun Y, Hu H, Lu M, Kan Y, Fang D, Wang C. Weakly coordinating group directed rhodium-catalyzed unconventional site-selective C–H olefination of indolizines at the 8-position. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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He Y, Wang X. Synthesis of Cyclic Amidines by Iridium-Catalyzed Deoxygenative Reduction of Lactams and Tandem Reaction with Sulfonyl Azides. Org Lett 2020; 23:225-230. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Oganometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oganometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
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42
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Li XR, Chen SQ, Fan J, Li CJ, Wang X, Liu ZW, Shi XY. Controllable Tandem [3+2] Cyclization of Aromatic Aldehydes with Maleimides: Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Divergent Synthesis of Indane-Fused Pyrrolidine-2,5-dione. Org Lett 2020; 22:8808-8813. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ran Li
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Si-Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Juan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Zhong-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Xian-Ying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
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43
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Tang SB, Fu XP, Wu GR, Zhang LL, Deng KZ, Yang JY, Xia CC, Ji YF. Rhodium(III)-catalyzed C4-amidation of indole-oximes with dioxazolones via C-H activation. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7922-7931. [PMID: 33001107 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01655a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for the Rh(iii)-catalyzed oxime-directed C-H amidation of indoles with dioxazolones has been developed. This strategy provides an exclusive site selectivity and the directing group can be easily removed. This transformation features a wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance and excellent yields, and may serve as a significant tool to construct structurally diverse indole derivatives for the screening of potential pharmaceuticals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Biao Tang
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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44
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Liu Z, Ebadi A, Toughani M, Mert N, Vessally E. Direct sulfonamidation of (hetero)aromatic C-H bonds with sulfonyl azides: a novel and efficient route to N-(hetero)aryl sulfonamides. RSC Adv 2020; 10:37299-37313. [PMID: 35521237 PMCID: PMC9057145 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04255b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Aryl sulfonamides belong to a highly important class of organosulfur compounds which are found in a number of FDA-approved drugs such as dofetilide, dronedarone, ibutilide, sotalol, sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole, vemurafenib, and many more. There is therefore continuing interest in the development of novel and convenient protocols for the preparation of these pharmaceutically important compounds. Recently, direct sulfonamidation of (hetero)aromatic C–H bonds with easily available sulfonyl azides has emerged as an attractive and powerful strategy to access N-(hetero)aryl sulfonamides where non-toxic nitrogen gas forms as the sole by-product. This review highlights recent advances and developments (2012–2020) in this fast growing research area with emphasis on the mechanistic features of the reactions. N-Aryl sulfonamides belong to a highly important class of organosulfur compounds which are found in a number of FDA-approved drugs such as dofetilide, dronedarone, ibutilide, sotalol, sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole, vemurafenib, and many more.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Abdolghaffar Ebadi
- Department of Agriculture, Jouybar Branch, Islamic Azad University Jouybar Iran
| | - Mohsen Toughani
- Department of Fishery, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University Babol Iran
| | - Nihat Mert
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Yuzuncu Yil 65080, Van Turkey
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45
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Sk MR, Bera SS, Basuli S, Metya A, Maji MS. Recent Progress in the C−N Bond Formation via High‐Valent Group 9 Cp*M(III)‐Catalyzed Directed sp
2
C−H Activation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Raja Sk
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 West Bengal India
| | - Sourav Sekhar Bera
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 West Bengal India
| | - Suchand Basuli
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 West Bengal India
| | - Abhisek Metya
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 West Bengal India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 West Bengal India
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46
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Yu Y, Luo G, Yang J, Luo Y. Theoretical Mechanistic Studies of
Rh‐Catalyzed
C(sp
3
)—H Amination: A Comparison with Co Analogue and Metal Effects. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
| | - Gen Luo
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Jimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
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47
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Sherikar MS, Devarajappa R, Prabhu KR. Weak Coordinating Carbonyl-Directed Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C-H Activation at the C4-Position of Indole with Allyl Alcohols. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5516-5524. [PMID: 32192332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A weakly coordinating carbonyl-directed coupling of allyl alcohols at the C-4 position of indole derivatives under the C-H activation conditions catalyzed by Rh(III) is reported. This results in alkylation at the C-4 position of indole derivatives exclusively. The obtained product forms a tricyclic derivative under aldol reaction conditions, which can be a potential precursor for synthesizing a few alkaloid molecules such as ergot, hapalindole alkaloids, and related heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi Devarajappa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India
| | - Kandikere Ramaiah Prabhu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India
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48
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Khake SM, Chatani N. The Direct Rh(III)-Catalyzed C–H Amidation of Aniline Derivatives Using a Pyrimidine Directing Group: The Selective Solvent Controlled Synthesis of 1,2-Diaminobenzenes and Benzimidazoles. Org Lett 2020; 22:3655-3660. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant M. Khake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Suita, Osaka-565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Suita, Osaka-565-0871, Japan
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49
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Sar S, Tripathi A, Dubey KD, Sen S. Iodine-Catalyzed Aerobic Diazenylation-Amination of Indole Derivatives. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3748-3756. [PMID: 32019297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A mild strategy for consecutive diazenylation and amination of indole moieties has been demonstrated. The functionalization occurs at C3 and C2 carbon atoms, respectively, at the indole scaffold in the presence of catalytic iodine and air at 40 °C in the 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) solvent. It is noteworthy that the aromatic amines are generated in situ by the reaction of aryl hydrazine with iodine. In general, bright red products are obtained in moderate to good yield. Control reactions are conducted to establish the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saibal Sar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, UP 201314, India
| | - Ankita Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, UP 201314, India
| | - Kshatresh Dutta Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, UP 201314, India
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, UP 201314, India
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50
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Pradhan S, Mishra M, De PB, Banerjee S, Punniyamurthy T. Weak Coordination Enabled Switchable C4-Alkenylation and Alkylation of Indoles with Allyl Alcohols. Org Lett 2020; 22:1720-1725. [PMID: 32065752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A weak carbonyl coordination facilitated tunable reactivity between alkenylation and alkylation of indoles at the C4 C-H site is presented using readily accessible allylic alcohols in the presence of Rh catalysis by switching the additives or directing group. Exclusive site selectivity, functional group tolerance, and late-stage modifications are the important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Manmath Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Pinaki Bhusan De
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Sonbidya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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