1
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Morales M, Preshlock S, Sharninghausen LS, Wright JS, Brooks AF, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Tandem Iridium-Catalyzed C-H Borylation/Copper-Mediated Radiofluorination of Aromatic C-H Bonds with [ 18F]TBAF. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2729:45-53. [PMID: 38006490 PMCID: PMC10867631 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3499-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Direct C-H functionalization of (hetero)aromatic C-H bonds with iridium-catalyzed borylation followed by copper-mediated radiofluorination of the in situ generated organoboronates affords fluorine-18 labeled aromatics in high radiochemical conversions and meta-selectivities. This protocol describes the benchtop reaction assembly of the C-H borylation and radiofluorination steps, which can be utilized for the fluorine-18 labeling of densely functionalized bioactive scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morales
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sean Preshlock
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jay S Wright
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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2
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Purushotam, Bera A, Banerjee D. Recent advances on non-precious metal-catalysed fluorination, difluoromethylation, trifluoromethylation, and perfluoroalkylation of N-heteroarenes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9298-9315. [PMID: 37855147 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01132a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent advances, from 2015 to 2023, on the introduction of organo-fluorine derivatives at the N-heteroarene core. Notable features considering new technologies based on organofluorine compounds such as: (i) approaches based on non-precious metal catalysis (Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, etc.), (ii) the development of new strategies using non-precious metal-catalysts for the introduction of organo-fluorinine derivatives using N-heterocycles with one or more heteroatoms, (iii) newer reagents for fluorination, difluoromethylation, trifluoromethylation, or perfluoroalkylation of N-heteroarenes using different approaches, (iv) mechanistic studies on various catalytic transformations, as and when required, and (v) the synthetic applications of various bio-active organo-fluorine compounds, including post-synthetic drug derivatization, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purushotam
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Atanu Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Debasis Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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3
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Bloux H, Khouya AA, Sopkova-de Oliveira Santos J, Fabis F, Dubost E, Cailly T. Gold(I)-Mediated Radioiododecarboxylation of Arenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:8100-8104. [PMID: 37933839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel radioiodination method is developed using carboxylic acids as radiolabeling precursors. This method involves decarboxylation and organogold(I) intermediate formation, enabling efficient radioiodination of (hetero)arenes and cinnamic and phenylpropiolic acids. Additionally, we demonstrated the prolonged stability of crude gold(I) organometallic compounds, showcasing their enduring radiolabeling capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Bloux
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Medicament de Normandie, Normandie Université, Caen 14000, France
| | - Ahmed Ait Khouya
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Medicament de Normandie, Normandie Université, Caen 14000, France
| | | | - Frédéric Fabis
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Medicament de Normandie, Normandie Université, Caen 14000, France
| | - Emmanuelle Dubost
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Medicament de Normandie, Normandie Université, Caen 14000, France
- Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie (BB@C), Caen 14000, France
- Normandie Univ, UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Caen 14000, France
| | - Thomas Cailly
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Medicament de Normandie, Normandie Université, Caen 14000, France
- Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie (BB@C), Caen 14000, France
- IMOGERE, Normandie Université, Caen 14000, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Cote de Nacre, Caen 14000, France
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4
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Haveman LYF, Vugts DJ, Windhorst AD. State of the art procedures towards reactive [ 18F]fluoride in PET tracer synthesis. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:28. [PMID: 37824021 PMCID: PMC10570257 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful, non-invasive preclinical and clinical nuclear imaging technique used in disease diagnosis and therapy assessment. Fluorine-18 is the predominant radionuclide used for PET tracer synthesis. An impressive variety of new 'late-stage' radiolabeling methodologies for the preparation of 18F-labeled tracers has appeared in order to improve the efficiency of the labeling reaction. MAIN BODY Despite these developments, one outstanding challenge into the early key steps of the process remains: the preparation of reactive [18F]fluoride from oxygen-18 enriched water ([18O]H2O). In the last decade, significant changes into the trapping, elution and drying stages have been introduced. This review provides an overview of the strategies and recent developments in the production of reactive [18F]fluoride and its use for radiolabeling. CONCLUSION Improved, modified or even completely new fluorine-18 work-up procedures have been developed in the last decade with widespread use in base-sensitive nucleophilic 18F-fluorination reactions. The many promising developments may lead to a few standardized drying methodologies for the routine production of a broad scale of PET tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Y F Haveman
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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5
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Webb EW, Cheng K, Wright JS, Cha J, Shao X, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Room-Temperature Copper-Mediated Radiocyanation of Aryldiazonium Salts and Aryl Iodides via Aryl Radical Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6921-6926. [PMID: 36917154 PMCID: PMC10065967 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Radiocyanation is an attractive strategy for incorporating carbon-11 into radiotracer targets, particularly given the broad scope of acyl moieties accessible from nitriles. Most existing methods for aromatic radiocyanation require elevated temperatures (Cu-mediated reactions of aryl halides or organometallics) or involve expensive and toxic palladium complexes (Pd-mediated reactions of aryl halides). The current report discloses a complementary approach that leverages the capture of aryl radical intermediates by a Cu-11CN complex to achieve rapid and mild (5 min, room temperature) radiocyanation. In a first example, aryl radicals are generated via the reaction of a CuI mediator with an aryldiazonium salt (a Sandmeyer-type reaction) followed by radiocyanation with Cu-11CN. In a second example, aryl radicals are formed from aryl iodides via visible-light photocatalysis and then captured by a Cu-11CN species to achieve aryl-11CN coupling. This approach provides access to radiocyanated products that are challenging to access using other methods (e.g., ortho-disubstituted aryl nitriles).
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Affiliation(s)
- E. William Webb
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kevin Cheng
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jay S. Wright
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jocelyn Cha
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xia Shao
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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6
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Roberts RA, Metze BE, Nilova A, Stuart DR. Synthesis of Arynes via Formal Dehydrogenation of Arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3306-3311. [PMID: 36728842 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Arynes offer immense potential for diversification of benzenoid rings, which occur in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and liquid crystals. However, accessing these high-energy intermediates requires synthetic precursors, which involve either harsh conditions or multistep syntheses. The development of alternative methods to access arynes using simpler substrates and milder conditions is necessary for a more streamlined approach. Here, we describe a two-step formal dehydrogenation of simple arenes to generate arynes at a remote position relative to traditionally reactive groups, e.g., halides. This approach is enabled by regioselective installation and ejection of an "onium" leaving group, and we demonstrate the compatibility of simple arenes (20 examples) and arynophiles (8 examples). Moreover, through direct comparison, we show that our formal dehydrogenation method is both more functional group tolerant and efficient in generating arynes than the current state-of-the-art aryne precursors. Finally, we show that aryne intermediates offer opportunities for regioselective C-H amination that are distinct from other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley A Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Bryan E Metze
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Aleksandra Nilova
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - David R Stuart
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
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7
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Chiang JW, Lu PY, Han CC. Facile and Effective Syntheses of 2-Fluoro-3-alkoxythiophenes and Their Uses in Making Highly Regioregular Poly(3-alkoxythiophene)s via Transition-Metal-Free Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Wen Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, ROC
| | - Po-Yu Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, ROC
| | - Chien-Chung Han
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, ROC
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8
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Khandelwal M, Pemawat G, Khangarot RK. Recent Developments in Nucleophilic Fluorination with Potassium Fluoride (KF): A Review. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Khandelwal
- Mohanlal Sukhadia University Department of Chemistry UCOS, Durga Nursery Road 313001 Udaipur INDIA
| | - Gangotri Pemawat
- Mohanlal Sukhadia University Department of Chemistry UCOS, Durga Nursery Road 313001 Udaipur INDIA
| | - Rama Kanwar Khangarot
- Mohanlal Sukhadia University Department of Chemistry UCOS, Durga Nursery Road 313001 Udaipur INDIA
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9
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Wu F, Liu T, Liao W, Zhou Z, Dai H. Electrophilic Fluorination of Imidazoheterocycles by Selectfluor. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222070234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Yagi Y, Kimura H, Kondo Y, Higuchi T. Novel synthesis of an [18F]aryl boronic acid ester as a reagent for 18F-labeling via Suzuki coupling. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Segura-Quezada LA, Torres-Carbajal KR, Juárez-Ornelas KA, Alonso-Castro AJ, Ortiz-Alvarado R, Dohi T, Solorio-Alvarado CR. Iodine(III) reagents for oxidative aromatic halogenation. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5009-5034. [PMID: 35703407 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00741j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iodine(III) reagents have attracted chemical relvance in organic synthesis by their use as safe, non-toxic, green and easy to handle reagents in different transformations. These characteristics make them important alternatives to procedures involving hazardous and harsh reaction conditions. Their versatility as oxidants has been exploited in the functionalization of different aromatic cores, which allow the introduction of several groups. Metal-free arylation using iodine(III) reagents is by far one of the most described topics in the literature; however, other highly relevant non-aromatic groups have been also introduced. Herein, we summarize the most representative developed procedures for the functionalization of aryls and heteroaryls by introducing halogens, using different iodine(III) reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Segura-Quezada
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Karina R Torres-Carbajal
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Kevin A Juárez-Ornelas
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Angel J Alonso-Castro
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Rafael Ortiz-Alvarado
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología, Tzintzuntzan 173, col. Matamoros, Morelia, Mich., Mexico.
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - César R Solorio-Alvarado
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
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12
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Liu Z, Sun Y, Liu T. Recent Advances in Synthetic Methodologies to Form C-18F Bonds. Front Chem 2022; 10:883866. [PMID: 35494631 PMCID: PMC9047704 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.883866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an important technique for the early diagnosis of disease. Due to the specific physical and chemical properties of Fluorine-18, this important isotope is widely used in PET for labelling and molecular imaging, and its introduction into medicine molecules could produce PET tracers. Developing with the development of organic synthetic methodologies, the introduction of Fluorine-18 into drug molecules efficiently and rapidly under mild conditions, and the formation of C-18F chemical bonds, has become one of the leading topics in both organic synthetic chemistry and radiochemistry. In this mini-review, we review a series of recent advances in the organic synthesis of C-18F bonds (2015–2021), including non-catalytic radiofluorinations via good leaving functional groups, transition metal-catalyzed radiofluorinations, and photo- or electro-catalytic synthetic radiofluorinations. As a result of the remarkable advancements in this field, organic synthetic methods for forming C-18F bonds are expected to continue growing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- The Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- The Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- The Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tianfei Liu,
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13
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Paik A, Paul S, Bhowmik S, Das R, Naveen T, Rana S. Recent Advances in First Row Transition Metal Mediated C‐H Halogenation of (Hetero)arenes and Alkanes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Paik
- University of North Bengal Department of Chemistry Raja Rammohunpur, DarjeelingWest Bengal, India - 734013 734013 Siliguri INDIA
| | - Sabarni Paul
- University of North Bengal Department of Chemistry Raja Rammohunpur, DarjeelingWest Bengal, India - 734013 734013 Siliguri INDIA
| | - Sabyasachi Bhowmik
- University of North Bengal Department of Chemistry Raja Rammohunpur, DarjeelingWest Bengal, India - 734013 734013 Siliguri INDIA
| | - Rahul Das
- University of North Bengal Department of Chemistry Raja Rammohunpur, DarjeelingWest Bengal, India - 734013 734013 Siliguri INDIA
| | - Togati Naveen
- Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry 395007 Surat INDIA
| | - Sujoy Rana
- University of North Bengal Chemistry Raja Rammohunpur, DarjeelingWest Bengal, India, 734013 734013 Siliguri INDIA
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14
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Wu P, Chen C, Zhou J, Bao Z. The Preparation and Application of Diaryliodonium Salts Derived from Gemfibrozil and Gemfibrozil Methyl Ester. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1679-7753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe diaryliodonium salts derived from gemfibrozil and gemfibrozil methyl ester were synthesized from ArI(OH)OTs or bis(4-methoxyphenyl)iodonium diacetate with good regioselectivity. These iodonium salts were successfully used in the derivatization of gemfibrozil or gemfibrozil methyl ester, including fluorination, alkynylation, arylation, etherification, esterification, and iodination reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen)
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen)
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen)
| | - Zhiyuan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University
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15
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Chen W, Wang H, Tay NES, Pistritto VA, Li KP, Zhang T, Wu Z, Nicewicz DA, Li Z. Arene radiofluorination enabled by photoredox-mediated halide interconversion. Nat Chem 2022; 14:216-223. [PMID: 34903859 PMCID: PMC9617144 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful imaging technology that can visualize and measure metabolic processes in vivo and/or obtain unique information about drug candidates. The identification of new and improved molecular probes plays a critical role in PET, but its progress is somewhat limited due to the lack of efficient and simple labelling methods to modify biologically active small molecules and/or drugs. Current methods to radiofluorinate unactivated arenes are still relatively limited, especially in a simple and site-selective way. Here we disclose a method for constructing C-18F bonds through direct halide/18F conversion in electron-rich halo(hetero)arenes. [18F]F- is introduced into a broad spectrum of readily available aryl halide precursors in a site-selective manner under mild photoredox conditions. Notably, our direct 19F/18F exchange method enables rapid PET probe diversification through the preparation and evaluation of an [18F]-labelled O-methyl tyrosine library. This strategy also results in the high-yielding synthesis of the widely used PET agent L-[18F]FDOPA from a readily available L-FDOPA analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Nicholas E. S. Tay
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, United States
| | - Vincent A. Pistritto
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, United States
| | - Kang-Po Li
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - David A. Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, United States,Corresponding Author: (D.A.N.), (Z. L.)
| | - Zibo Li
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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16
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Abstract
18F-fluorination is an important and growing field in organic synthesis that has attracted many chemists in the recent past. Here we present our own, biased perspective with a focus on our own chemistry that evaluates recent advances in the field and provides our opinion on the challenges for the development of new chemistry, so that it may have an impact on imaging. We hope that the manuscript will provide a useful guide to chemists to develop reliable and robust reaction chemistry suitable for radiofluorination to have a real impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Halder
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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17
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Bui TT, Kim HK. Recent Advances in Photo-mediated Radiofluorination. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2155-2167. [PMID: 34189852 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-fluorine bond formations have received a lot of attention because organofluorine compounds are widely used in pharmaceutical, agricultural, and materials science applications. In particular, the incorporation of fluorine-18, which is a commonly used radioisotope for radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET), a molecular imaging tool for the visualization of biochemical events, human metabolism processes, and the measurement and diagnosis of diseases in humans, plays a crucial role in clinical and preclinical studies. Several synthetic methodologies for carbon-fluorine-18 bond formation have been developed. However, conventional fluorination methods have some remaining drawbacks such as the high temperature and basic environment. Photo-induced catalysis is an emerging technique that allow chemists to achieve the synthesis of target molecular architectures under mild conditions. Moreover, several radiofluorination strategies have been developed via photocatalysis. In this review, we focused on describing recent advances in the field of light-mediated radiofluorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Tan Bui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Korea
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18
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Zhou J, Bao Z, Wu P, Chen C. Preparation and Synthetic Application of Naproxen-Containing Diaryliodonium Salts. Molecules 2021; 26:3240. [PMID: 34071240 PMCID: PMC8198133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of naproxen-containing diaryliodonium salts has been realized from naproxen methyl ester and ArI(OH)OTs activated by trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) in a solvent mixture comprising dichloromethane and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). Those iodonium salts have been successfully used in the functionalization of an aromatic ring of naproxen methyl ester, including fluorination, iodination, alkynylation, arylation, thiophenolation, and amination and esterification reactions. Moreover, further hydrolysis of the obtained 5-iodo-naproxen methyl ester afforded 5-iodo-naproxen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529000, China;
| | - Zhiyuan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529000, China;
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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19
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Wright JS, Sharninghausen LS, Preshlock S, Brooks AF, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Sequential Ir/Cu-Mediated Method for the Meta-Selective C-H Radiofluorination of (Hetero)Arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6915-6921. [PMID: 33914521 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a sequential Ir/Cu-mediated process for the meta-selective C-H radiofluorination of (hetero)arene substrates. In the first step, Ir-catalyzed C(sp2)-H borylation affords (hetero)aryl pinacolboronate (BPin) esters. The intermediate organoboronates are then directly subjected to copper-mediated radiofluorination with [18F]tetrabutylammonium fluoride to afford fluorine-18 labeled (hetero)arenes in high radiochemical yield and radiochemical purity. This entire process is performed on a benchtop without Schlenk or glovebox techniques and circumvents the need to isolate (hetero)aryl boronate esters. The reaction was automated on a TracerLab FXFN module with 1,3-dimethoxybenzene and a meta-tyrosine derivative. The products, [18F]1-fluoro-3,5-dimethoxybenzene and an 18F-labeled meta-tyrosine derivative, were obtained in 37 ± 5% isolated radiochemical yield and >99% radiochemical purity and 25% isolated radiochemical yield and 99% radiochemical purity, and 0.52 Ci/μmol (19.24 GBq/μmol) molar activity (Am), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Wright
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Liam S Sharninghausen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sean Preshlock
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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20
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Zhao K, Du Y, Peng Q, Yu WH, Wang BQ, Feng C, Xiang SK. Regiodivergent C-H Arylation of Triphenylene Derivatives Controlled by Electronic Effects of Diaryliodonium Salts. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2986-2997. [PMID: 33481590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A regiodivergent C-H arylation of triphenylene derivatives with diaryliodonium salts was developed. The regiodivergence was controlled by electronic effects of diaryliodonium salts. When the aryl(mesityl)iodonium salts bearing strong electron-donating groups at the para-position of aryl groups were used, the arylation reactions occurred ortho to amide groups. However, if the aryl(mesityl)iodonium salts bearing electron-withdrawing groups or weak electron-donating groups at the para-position of aryl groups were utilized, the arylation reactions occurred meta to amide groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Yu Du
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Qiong Peng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Wen-Hao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Bi-Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Chun Feng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Shi-Kai Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
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21
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PET Radiochemistry. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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22
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Cesarec S, Robson JA, Carroll LS, Aboagye EO, Spivey AC. Direct incorporation of [ 18F] into Aliphatic Systems: A promising Mn-catalysed Labelling Technique for PET Imaging. Curr Radiopharm 2021; 14:101-106. [PMID: 32895047 DOI: 10.2174/1874471013666200907115026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the challenges in positron emission tomography (PET) is labelling complex aliphatic molecules. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a method of metal-catalysed radiofluorination that is site-selective and works in moderate to good yields under facile conditions. METHODS Herein, we report on the optimisation of an aliphatic C-H to C-18F bond transformation catalysed by a Mn(porphyrin) complex. RESULTS The successful oxidation of 11 aliphatic molecules, including progesterone, is reported. Radiochemical Incorporations (RCIs) up to 69% were achieved within 60 min without the need for pre-activation or special equipment. CONCLUSION The method features mild conditions (60 °C) and promises to constitute a valuable approach to labelling of biomolecules and drug substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cesarec
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan A Robson
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence S Carroll
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Alan C Spivey
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub (MSRH), White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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23
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Zhu Y, Chen L, Hou W, Li Y. Recent Progress in Nucleophilic Fluoride Mediated Fluorine-18 Labeling of Arenes and Heteroarenes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Lee WC, Kang SM, Lee BC, Kim SE, Kim DW. Multifunctional Crown-5-calix[4]arene-based Phase-Transfer Catalysts for Aromatic 18F-Fluorination. Org Lett 2020; 22:9551-9555. [PMID: 33270463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methylated bis-triethylene glycolic crown-5-calix[4]arene (M-BTC5A) as a phase-transfer catalyst showed the best performance among other analogues and even conventional Kryptofix 222 in the nucleophilic aromatic 18F-fluorination of diaryliodonium tosylate precursors owing to (i) the efficient release of reactive "naked" [18F]fluoride, (ii) the high stabilization of the precursor in the reaction, and, presumably, (iii) the ease of access between the precursor and the K18F/M-BTC5A complex facilitated by π-π interactions. [18F]Flumazenil was produced in high radiochemical yield using M-BTC5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Chang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Min Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular and Biophamaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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25
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Wang L, White AR, Chen W, Wu Z, Nicewicz DA, Li Z. Direct Radiofluorination of Arene C-H Bonds via Photoredox Catalysis Using a Peroxide as the Terminal Oxidant. Org Lett 2020; 22:7971-7975. [PMID: 33000949 PMCID: PMC7774802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe an organic photoredox system for direct arene C-H radiofluorination, using a peroxide oxidizing agent and LEDs as the light source. In conjunction with an optimized photocatalyst and a microtubing reactor, this system is applicable to a range of electron-rich aromatics and heteroaromatics. We also demonstrate the feasibility of C-H radiofluorination without an azeotropic drying step, which greatly simplifies the workflow of the labeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Alexander R. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Wei Chen
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - David A. Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Zibo Li
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
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26
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Han Z, Zhang C. Fluorination and Fluoroalkylation Reactions Mediated by Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou‐Zhou Han
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng‐Pan Zhang
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
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27
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Abudken AMH, Hope EG, Singh K, Stuart AM. Fluorinations of unsymmetrical diaryliodonium salts containing ortho-sidearms; influence of sidearm on selectivity. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6140-6146. [PMID: 32724955 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01401j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Activated aromatics were reacted with two different fluoroidoane reagents 1 and 2 in the presence of triflic acid to prepare only the para-substituted diaryliodonium salts. With fluoroiodane 1 the unsymmetrical diaryliodonium salts contained an ortho-propan-2-ol sidearm, whereas the alcohol sidearm was eliminated to form an ortho-styrene sidearm in the reaction with fluoroiodane 2. Only the diaryliodonium salts containing a styrene sidearm were fluorinated successfully to deliver para-fluorinated aromatics in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M H Abudken
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK. and College of Pharmacy, Al-Qadisiyah University, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
| | - Eric G Hope
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Kuldip Singh
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Alison M Stuart
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
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28
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Ding W, Wang C, Tan JR, Ho CC, León F, García F, Yoshikai N. Site-selective aromatic C-H λ 3-iodanation with a cyclic iodine(iii) electrophile in solution and solid phases. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7356-7361. [PMID: 34123017 PMCID: PMC8159425 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02737e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and site-selective aromatic C-H λ3-iodanation reaction is achieved using benziodoxole triflate (BXT) as an electrophile under room temperature conditions. The reaction tolerates a variety of electron-rich arenes and heteroarenes to afford the corresponding arylbenziodoxoles in moderate to good yields. The reaction can also be performed mechanochemically by grinding a mixture of solid arenes and BXT under solvent-free conditions. The arylbenziodoxoles can be used for various C-C and C-heteroatom bond formations, and are also amenable to further modification by electrophilic halogenation. DFT calculations suggested that the present reaction proceeds via a concerted λ3-iodanation-deprotonation transition state, where the triflate anion acts as an internal base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Chen Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore .,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 China
| | - Jie Ren Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Chang Chin Ho
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Felix León
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Felipe García
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Naohiko Yoshikai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
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29
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Wright JS, Kaur T, Preshlock S, Tanzey SS, Winton WP, Sharninghausen LS, Wiesner N, Brooks AF, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Copper-Mediated Late-stage Radiofluorination: Five Years of Impact on Pre-clinical and Clinical PET Imaging. Clin Transl Imaging 2020; 8:167-206. [PMID: 33748018 PMCID: PMC7968072 DOI: 10.1007/s40336-020-00368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Copper-mediated radiofluorination (CMRF) is emerging as the method of choice for the formation of aromatic C-18F bonds. This minireview examines proof-of-concept, pre-clinical, and in-human imaging studies of new and established imaging agents containing aromatic C-18F bonds synthesized with CMRF. An exhaustive discussion of CMRF methods is not provided, although key developments that have enabled or improved upon the syntheses of fluorine-18 imaging agents are discussed. METHODS A comprehensive literature search from April 2014 onwards of the Web of Science and PubMed library databases was performed to find reports that utilize CMRF for the synthesis of fluorine-18 radiopharmaceuticals, and these represent the primary body of research discussed in this minireview. Select conference proceedings, previous reports describing alternative methods for the synthesis of imaging agents, and preceding fluorine-19 methodologies have also been included for discussion. CONCLUSIONS CMRF has significantly expanded the chemical space that is accessible to fluorine-18 radiolabeling with production methods that can meet the regulatory requirements for use in Nuclear Medicine. Furthermore, it has enabled novel and improved syntheses of radiopharmaceuticals and facilitated subsequent PET imaging studies. The rapid adoption of CMRF will undoubtedly continue to simplify the production of imaging agents and inspire the development of new radiofluorination methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Wright
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tanpreet Kaur
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sean Preshlock
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sean S Tanzey
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wade P Winton
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Wiesner
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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30
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Diaryliodoniums Salts as Coupling Partners for Transition-Metal Catalyzed C- and N-Arylation of Heteroarenes. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10050483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the pioneering works performed on the metal-catalyzed sp2 C–H arylation of indole and pyrrole by Sanford and Gaunt, N– and C-arylation involving diaryliodonium salts offers an attractive complementary strategy for the late-stage diversification of heteroarenes. The main feature of this expanding methodology is the selective incorporation of structural diversity into complex molecules which usually have several C–H bonds and/or N–H bonds with high tolerance to functional groups and under mild conditions. This review summarizes the main recent achievements reported in transition-metal-catalyzed N– and/or C–H arylation of heteroarenes using acyclic diaryliodonium salts as coupling partners.
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31
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Sharninghausen LS, Brooks AF, Winton WP, Makaravage KJ, Scott PJH, Sanford MS. NHC-Copper Mediated Ligand-Directed Radiofluorination of Aryl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7362-7367. [PMID: 32250612 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
[18F]-labeled aryl fluorides are widely used as radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Aryl halides (ArX) are particularly attractive precursors to these radiotracers, as they are readily available, inexpensive, and stable. However, to date, the direct preparation of [18F]-aryl fluorides from aryl halides remains limited to SNAr reactions between highly activated ArX substrates and K18F. This report describes an aryl halide radiofluorination reaction in which the C(sp2)-18F bond is formed via a copper-mediated pathway. Copper N-heterocyclic carbene complexes serve as mediators for this transformation, using aryl halide substrates with directing groups at the ortho position. This reaction is applied to the radiofluorination of electronically diverse aryl halide derivatives, including the bioactive molecules vismodegib and PH089.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam S Sharninghausen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Wade P Winton
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Katarina J Makaravage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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32
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Niwa T, Hosoya T. Molecular Renovation Strategy for Expeditious Synthesis of Molecular Probes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Niwa
- Laboratory for Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Chemical Biology Team, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory for Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Chemical Biology Team, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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33
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Xu P, Zhao D, Berger F, Hamad A, Rickmeier J, Petzold R, Kondratiuk M, Bohdan K, Ritter T. Site-Selective Late-Stage Aromatic [ 18 F]Fluorination via Aryl Sulfonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1956-1960. [PMID: 31697427 PMCID: PMC7004179 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective functionalization of C-H bonds in small complex molecules is a long-standing challenge in organic chemistry. Herein, we report a broadly applicable and site-selective aromatic C-H dibenzothiophenylation reaction. The conceptual advantage of this transformation is further demonstrated through the two-step C-H [18 F]fluorination of a series of marketed small-molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Da Zhao
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Florian Berger
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Aboubakr Hamad
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Jens Rickmeier
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Roland Petzold
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Mykhailo Kondratiuk
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Kostiantyn Bohdan
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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34
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The chemistry of labeling heterocycles with carbon-11 or fluorine-18 for biomedical imaging. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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35
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Xu P, Zhao D, Berger F, Hamad A, Rickmeier J, Petzold R, Kondratiuk M, Bohdan K, Ritter T. Site‐Selective Late‐Stage Aromatic [
18
F]Fluorination via Aryl Sulfonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Da Zhao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Florian Berger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Aboubakr Hamad
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Jens Rickmeier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Roland Petzold
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Mykhailo Kondratiuk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Kostiantyn Bohdan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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36
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Gallagher RT, Basu S, Stuart DR. Trimethoxyphenyl (TMP) as a Useful Auxiliary for
in situ
Formation and Reaction of Aryl(TMP)iodonium Salts: Synthesis of Diaryl Ethers. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rory T. Gallagher
- Department of ChemistryPortland State University Portland Oregon 97201 United States
| | - Souradeep Basu
- Department of ChemistryPortland State University Portland Oregon 97201 United States
| | - David R. Stuart
- Department of ChemistryPortland State University Portland Oregon 97201 United States
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37
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Garrec J, Cordier M, Frison G, Prévost S. Palladium-Catalyzed C8-Arylation of Naphthalenes through C-H Activation: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study. Chemistry 2019; 25:14441-14446. [PMID: 31478579 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a direct C8-arylation reaction of 1-amidonaphthalenes is described. By using diaryliodonium salts as arylating agents, the palladium-catalyzed C-H activation reaction showed perfect C8 regioselectivity and a wide functional group tolerance. In most cases, the desired polyaromatic compounds were isolated in good to excellent yields. To explain the observed regioselectivity, DFT calculations were performed and highlighted the crucial role of the amide directing group. Finally, the utility of this method is showcased by the synthesis of benzanthrone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Garrec
- Unité Chimie et Procédés, ENSTA, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Marie Cordier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France.,Present address: Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes, Campus de Baulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Frison
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sébastien Prévost
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
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38
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Yang BY, Telu S, Haskali MB, Morse CL, Pike VW. A Gas Phase Route to [ 18F]fluoroform with Limited Molar Activity Dilution. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14835. [PMID: 31619702 PMCID: PMC6795885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an important imaging modality for biomedical research and drug development. PET requires biochemically selective radiotracers to realize full potential. Fluorine-18 (t1/2 = 109.8 min) is a major radionuclide for labeling such radiotracers but is only readily available in high activities from cyclotrons as [18F]fluoride ion. [18F]fluoroform has emerged for labeling tracers in trifluoromethyl groups. Prior methods of [18F]fluoroform synthesis used difluoro precursors in solution and led to high dilution with carrier and low molar activity (Am). We explored a new approach for the synthesis of [18F]fluoroform based on the radiosynthesis of [18F]fluoromethane from [18F]fluoride ion and then cobaltIII fluoride mediated gas phase fluorination. We estimate that carrier dilution in this process is limited to about 3-fold and find that moderate to high Am values can be achieved. We show that [18F]fluoroform so produced is highly versatile for rapidly and efficiently labeling various chemotypes that carry trifluoromethyl groups, thereby expanding prospects for developing new PET radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yeun Yang
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA
| | - Sanjay Telu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA
| | - Mohammad B Haskali
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA
| | - Cheryl L Morse
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA.
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39
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Orlovskaya VV, Modemann DJ, Kuznetsova OF, Fedorova OS, Urusova EA, Kolks N, Neumaier B, Krasikova RN, Zlatopolskiy BD. Alcohol-Supported Cu-Mediated 18F-Fluorination of Iodonium Salts under "Minimalist" Conditions. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173197. [PMID: 31484375 PMCID: PMC6749259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of personalized precision medicine, positron emission tomography (PET) and related hybrid methods like PET/CT and PET/MRI gain recognition as indispensable tools of clinical diagnostics. A broader implementation of these imaging modalities in clinical routine is closely dependent on the increased availability of established and emerging PET-tracers, which in turn could be accessible by the development of simple, reliable, and efficient radiolabeling procedures. A further requirement is a cGMP production of imaging probes in automated synthesis modules. Herein, a novel protocol for the efficient preparation of 18F-labeled aromatics via Cu-mediated radiofluorination of (aryl)(mesityl)iodonium salts without the need of evaporation steps is described. Labeled aromatics were prepared in high radiochemical yields simply by heating of iodonium [18F]fluorides with the Cu-mediator in methanolic DMF. The iodonium [18F]fluorides were prepared by direct elution of 18F- from an anion exchange resin with solutions of the corresponding precursors in MeOH/DMF. The practicality of the novel method was confirmed by the racemization-free production of radiolabeled fluorophenylalanines, including hitherto unknown 3-[18F]FPhe, in 22-69% isolated radiochemical yields as well as its direct implementation into a remote-controlled synthesis unit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel J Modemann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Olga F Kuznetsova
- N.P.Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, 197376 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Olga S Fedorova
- N.P.Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, 197376 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Elizaveta A Urusova
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Niklas Kolks
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Raisa N Krasikova
- N.P.Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, 197376 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
- St.-Petersburg State University, 199034 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Boris D Zlatopolskiy
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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40
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A Design of Experiments (DoE) Approach Accelerates the Optimization of Copper-Mediated 18F-Fluorination Reactions of Arylstannanes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11370. [PMID: 31388076 PMCID: PMC6684620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47846-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in 18F radiochemistry, such as the advent of copper-mediated radiofluorination (CMRF) chemistry, have provided unprecedented access to novel chemically diverse PET probes; however, these multicomponent reactions have come with a new set of complex optimization problems. Design of experiments (DoE) is a statistical approach to process optimization that is used across a variety of industries. It possesses a number of advantages over the traditionally employed "one variable at a time" (OVAT) approach, such as increased experimental efficiency as well as an ability to resolve factor interactions and provide detailed maps of a process's behavior. Here we demonstrate the utility of DoE to the development and optimization of new radiochemical methodologies and novel PET tracer synthesis. Using DoE to construct experimentally efficient factor screening and optimization studies, we were able to identify critical factors and model their behavior with more than two-fold greater experimental efficiency than the traditional OVAT approach. Additionally, the use of DoE allowed us to glean new insights into the behavior of the CMRF of a number of arylstannane precursors. This information has guided our decision-making efforts while developing efficient reaction conditions that suit the unique process requirements of 18F PET tracer synthesis.
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41
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Ravn AK, Vilstrup MBT, Noerby P, Nielsen DU, Daasbjerg K, Skrydstrup T. Carbon Isotope Labeling Strategy for β-Amino Acid Derivatives via Carbonylation of Azanickellacycles. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11821-11826. [PMID: 31310710 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-membered azametallacycles have been prepared by the oxidative addition of Ni(0) with aziridines. Stoichiometric 13C-labeled carbon monoxide could be efficiently incorporated via Ni-C bond insertion to generate air stable and isolable cyclic Ni-acyl complexes. Upon subjection to a range of C-, N-, O-, and S-nucleophiles, 13C-labeled β-amino acids and derivatives thereof, as well as β-aminoketones, could be rapidly accessed. The methodology proved highly adaptable for the synthesis of the antidiabetic drug, sitagliptin, with a single carbon isotope label.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Ravn
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , 8000 Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Maria B T Vilstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , 8000 Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Peter Noerby
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , 8000 Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Dennis U Nielsen
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , 8000 Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , 8000 Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , 8000 Aarhus , Denmark
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42
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Chen W, Huang Z, Tay NES, Giglio B, Wang M, Wang H, Wu Z, Nicewicz DA, Li Z. Direct arene C-H fluorination with 18F - via organic photoredox catalysis. Science 2019; 364:1170-1174. [PMID: 31221856 PMCID: PMC6680023 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav7019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) plays key roles in drug discovery and development, as well as medical imaging. However, there is a dearth of efficient and simple radiolabeling methods for aromatic C-H bonds, which limits advancements in PET radiotracer development. Here, we disclose a mild method for the fluorine-18 (18F)-fluorination of aromatic C-H bonds by an [18F]F- salt via organic photoredox catalysis under blue light illumination. This strategy was applied to the synthesis of a wide range of 18F-labeled arenes and heteroaromatics, including pharmaceutical compounds. These products can serve as diagnostic agents or provide key information about the in vivo fate of the labeled substrates, as showcased in preliminary tracer studies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Zeng Huang
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Nicholas E S Tay
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Benjamin Giglio
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Mengzhe Wang
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - David A Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Zibo Li
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
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43
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Sadek O, Perrin DM, Gras E. Unsymmetrical diaryliodonium phenyltrifluoroborate salts: Synthesis, structure and fluorination. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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44
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Dohi T, Hayashi T, Ueda S, Shoji T, Komiyama K, Takeuchi H, Kita Y. Recyclable synthesis of mesityl iodonium(III) salts. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Deng X, Rong J, Wang L, Vasdev N, Zhang L, Josephson L, Liang SH. Chemistry for Positron Emission Tomography: Recent Advances in 11 C-, 18 F-, 13 N-, and 15 O-Labeling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2580-2605. [PMID: 30054961 PMCID: PMC6405341 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technology that provides quantitative information about function and metabolism in biological processes in vivo for disease diagnosis and therapy assessment. The broad application and rapid advances of PET has led to an increased demand for new radiochemical methods to synthesize highly specific molecules bearing positron-emitting radionuclides. This Review provides an overview of commonly used labeling reactions through examples of clinically relevant PET tracers and highlights the most recent developments and breakthroughs over the past decade, with a focus on 11 C, 18 F, 13 N, and 15 O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Milo
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
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47
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Ng FN, Chan CM, Li J, Sun M, Lu YS, Zhou Z, Huang B, Yu WY. [Rh III(Cp*)]-catalyzed arylfluorination of α-diazoketoesters for facile synthesis of α-aryl-α-fluoroketoesters. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1191-1201. [PMID: 30648165 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe the Cp*Rh(iii)-catalyzed cascade arylfluorination reactions of α-diazoketoesters with arylboronic acids and N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide for one-pot C(sp3)-C(aryl) and C(sp3)-F bond formation. The arylfluorination reaction can be accomplished with remarkable chemo- and regioselectivity. Our mechanistic investigation showed that the Rh-catalyzed arylfluorination of diazoacetates occurred by (1) transmetalation of arylboronic acids to form an arylrhodium(iii) complex, (2) coupling of diazomalonates with the arylrhodium(iii) complex to form carbene-rhodium, (3) migratory carbene insertion to form a diketonato-rhodium(iii) complex - probably via rearrangement of the putative σ-alkylrhodium(iii) complex, and (4) electrophilic fluorination of the diketonato-rhodium to form the α-aryl-α-fluoromalonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fo-Ning Ng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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48
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Lee SJ, Makaravage KJ, Brooks AF, Scott PJH, Sanford MS. Copper-Mediated Aminoquinoline-Directed Radiofluorination of Aromatic C-H Bonds with K 18 F. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3119-3122. [PMID: 30605563 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A Cu-mediated ortho-C-H radiofluorination of aromatic carboxylic acids that are protected as 8-aminoquinoline benzamides is described. The method uses K18 F and is compatible with a wide range of functional groups. The reaction is showcased in the high specific activity automated synthesis of the RARβ2 agonist [18 F]AC261066.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Jeong Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Katarina J Makaravage
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, 930 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, 930 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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49
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Lee SJ, Makaravage KJ, Brooks AF, Scott PJH, Sanford MS. Copper‐Mediated Aminoquinoline‐Directed Radiofluorination of Aromatic C−H Bonds with K
18
F. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- So Jeong Lee
- Department of Radiology University of Michigan 1301 Catherine St Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Katarina J. Makaravage
- Department of Chemistry The University of Michigan 930 North University Ave Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Allen F. Brooks
- Department of Radiology University of Michigan 1301 Catherine St Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Department of Radiology University of Michigan 1301 Catherine St Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department of Chemistry The University of Michigan 930 North University Ave Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
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50
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Deng X, Rong J, Wang L, Vasdev N, Zhang L, Josephson L, Liang SH. Chemie der Positronenemissionstomographie: Aktuelle Fortschritte bei
11
C‐,
18
F‐,
13
N‐ und
15
O‐Markierungsreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine DesignPfizer Inc. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
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