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Selva Sharma A, Lee NY. Comprehensive review on fluorescent carbon dots and their applications in nucleic acid detection, nucleolus targeted imaging and gene delivery. Analyst 2024; 149:4095-4115. [PMID: 39007289 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00630e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), including carbon quantum dots, graphene quantum dots, carbon nanodots, and polymer dots, have gained significant attention due to their unique structural and fluorescence characteristics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the classification, structural characteristics, and fluorescence properties of CDs, followed by an exploration of various fluorescence sensing mechanisms and their applications in gene detection, nucleolus imaging, and gene delivery. Furthermore, the functionalization of CDs with diverse surface ligand molecules, including dye molecules, nucleic acid probes, and metal derivatives, for sensitive nucleic acid detection is systematically examined. Fluorescence imaging of the cell nucleolus plays a vital role in examining intracellular processes and the dynamics of subcellular structures. By analyzing the mechanism of fluorescence and structure-function relationships inherent in CDs, the nucleolus targeting abilities of CDs in various cell lines have been discussed. Additionally, challenges such as the insufficient organelle specificity of CDs and the inconsistent mechanisms underlying nucleolus targeting have also been highlighted. The unique physical and chemical properties of CDs, particularly their strong affinity toward deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), have spurred interest in gene delivery applications. The use of nuclear-targeting peptides, polymers, and ligands in conjunction with CDs for improved gene delivery applications have been systematically reviewed. Through a comprehensive analysis, the review aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the potential and challenges associated with CDs in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Selva Sharma
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, South Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, South Korea.
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2
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Bae G, Cho H, Hong BH. A review on synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications of graphene quantum dots (GQDs). NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:372001. [PMID: 38853586 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad55d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A new type of 0-dimensional carbon-based materials called graphene quantum dots (GQDs) is gaining significant attention as a non-toxic and eco-friendly nanomaterial. GQDs are nanomaterials composed of sp2hybridized carbon domains and functional groups, with their lateral size less than 10 nm. The unique and exceptional physical, chemical, and optical properties arising from the combination of graphene structure and quantum confinement effect due to their nano-size make GQDs more intriguing than other nanomaterials. Particularly, the low toxicity and high solubility derived from the carbon core and abundant edge functional groups offer significant advantages for the application of GQDs in the biomedical field. In this review, we summarize various synthetic methods for preparing GQDs and important factors influencing the physical, chemical, optical, and biological properties of GQDs. Furthermore, the recent application of GQDs in the biomedical field, including biosensor, bioimaging, drug delivery, and therapeutics are discussed. Through this, we provide a brief insight on the tremendous potential of GQDs in biomedical applications and the challenges that need to be overcome in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaeun Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonwoo Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hee Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Das A, Roy M, Saha M. Recent advances in biomedical applications of carbon and graphene quantum dots: A review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1469-1485. [PMID: 38548663 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The carbon-based nanostructures have led to the development of theranostic nanoplatforms for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy due to their effective cell membrane-penetration ability, low degree of cytotoxicity, excellent pore volume, substantial chemical stability, and reactive surface. In the last few years, extensive efforts were made to design multifunctional nanoplatform strategies based on carbon nanostructures, involving multimodal imaging, controlled drug release capabilities, sensing in vitro, efficient drug loading capacity, and therapy. Carbon and graphene quantum dots (CQDs and GQDs) were the recent entrants, contingently being assessed for drug delivery and bioimaging. With the advancements, these quantum dots have ignited remarkable research interest and are now widely evaluated for diagnosis, bioimaging, sensing, and drug delivery applications. The last decade has witnessed their remarkable electrical, optical, and biocompatible properties since their inception. It is presumed that both of them have high potential as drug carriers and would serve as the next generation of approaches to address numerous unresolved therapeutic challenges. This review examined the recent advances of CQD and GQD based drug delivery applications, challenges, and future perspectives to pave the way for further studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Manas Roy
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Mitali Saha
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, Tripura, India
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Xu F, Si X, Wang Y, Sun C, Liu M, Zhang Y, Xu X, Tian T. Ionizable Lipids from Click Reactions for Lipid Nanoparticle Assembling and mRNA Delivery. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:3643-3651. [PMID: 38588455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Ionizable lipid-containing lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are regarded as promising nonviral vectors for gene therapy delivery systems. Rationale design of the ionizable lipid structure based on initial screening of ionizable lipid molecule libraries combined with systematic comparison and analysis on the physical chemical parameters related to delivery efficiency greatly accelerated the discovery of novel LNP candidates for delivering various nucleic acid therapeutics like mRNAs (mRNAs). Based on the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reaction, which is highly efficient and biocompatible, we were able to obtain the lipid molecule library containing a common triazole moiety between different lipid tails and various substituents as hydrophilic head groups. Herein, we systematically investigated the change of pKa values of different ionizable lipid molecules with different substituents as head groups in the click-based lipid library, mapping the pKa value change to different steps in the process of the LNP assembly and mRNA delivery. Systematic analyses on the data including the pKa value of the ionized lipids and the encapsulation and delivery efficiency of mRNA in LNPs with these ionized lipids provided the possibility of rational design on the head and tail structure for the triazole containing ionized lipids to realize highly efficient delivery of different mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao Si
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Minglun Liu
- Nanjing Vazyme Biotechnology Company, Nanjing 210034, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Nanjing Vazyme Biotechnology Company, Nanjing 210034, China
| | - Tian Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Yazdani S, Mozaffarian M, Pazuki G, Hadidi N, Villate-Beitia I, Zárate J, Puras G, Pedraz JL. Carbon-Based Nanostructures as Emerging Materials for Gene Delivery Applications. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:288. [PMID: 38399344 PMCID: PMC10891563 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapeutics are promising for treating diseases at the genetic level, with some already validated for clinical use. Recently, nanostructures have emerged for the targeted delivery of genetic material. Nanomaterials, exhibiting advantageous properties such as a high surface-to-volume ratio, biocompatibility, facile functionalization, substantial loading capacity, and tunable physicochemical characteristics, are recognized as non-viral vectors in gene therapy applications. Despite progress, current non-viral vectors exhibit notably low gene delivery efficiency. Progress in nanotechnology is essential to overcome extracellular and intracellular barriers in gene delivery. Specific nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), nanodiamonds (NDs), and similar carbon-based structures can accommodate diverse genetic materials such as plasmid DNA (pDNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), small interference RNA (siRNA), micro RNA (miRNA), and antisense oligonucleotides (AONs). To address challenges such as high toxicity and low transfection efficiency, advancements in the features of carbon-based nanostructures (CBNs) are imperative. This overview delves into three types of CBNs employed as vectors in drug/gene delivery systems, encompassing their synthesis methods, properties, and biomedical applications. Ultimately, we present insights into the opportunities and challenges within the captivating realm of gene delivery using CBNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Yazdani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 15875-4413, Iran; (S.Y.); (G.P.)
- NanoBioCel Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.V.-B.); (J.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Mehrdad Mozaffarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 15875-4413, Iran; (S.Y.); (G.P.)
| | - Gholamreza Pazuki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 15875-4413, Iran; (S.Y.); (G.P.)
| | - Naghmeh Hadidi
- Department of Clinical Research and EM Microscope, Pasteur Institute of Iran (PII), Tehran P.O. Box 131694-3551, Iran;
| | - Ilia Villate-Beitia
- NanoBioCel Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.V.-B.); (J.Z.); (G.P.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Calle José Achotegui s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jon Zárate
- NanoBioCel Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.V.-B.); (J.Z.); (G.P.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Calle José Achotegui s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gustavo Puras
- NanoBioCel Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.V.-B.); (J.Z.); (G.P.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Calle José Achotegui s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.V.-B.); (J.Z.); (G.P.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Calle José Achotegui s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Chen YL, Chen L, Sung MY, Lin JH, Liu CJ, Kuo CJ, Cho EC, Lee KC. Environment-friendly organic coordination design of Z-scheme heterojunction N-BOB/BiOIO 3 for efficient LED-light-driven photocatalytic and electrochemical performance. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140101. [PMID: 37690557 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
As the climate seriously changes, ecofriendly nanomaterials have attracted tremendous interest in renewable energy as photocatalysis. Herein, we designed a new green bismuth-based Z-scheme Bi2O22+ slabs coordinate with 2-aminoterephthalic acid (N-BOB)/BiOIO3 through a simple anion exchange and postsynthetic hydrothermal reaction. FTIR, XRD, FESEM and TEM were employed to characterize the functional groups, structure, and morphologies. UV-DRS revealed the difference in band energy of the N-BOB and N-BOB/BiOIO3. Toward Rh B, TC and CIP degradation tests, 1-N-BOB/BiOIO3 manifests the best photocatalytic degradation (52.3%, 63.6% and 30.2%) efficiency. Also, 1-N-BOB/BiOIO3 possesses high durability in photocatalytic reactions and can inhibit 32.3% of bacterial growth. The results indicate that the synergistic effect between surface amine groups and Z-scheme heterojunction harvests light absorption to increase solar-to-energy (STE) efficiency, accelerate the charge separation, and increases the active sites with high photoredox potential, thus improving the photocatalytic performance. ROS scavenging tests further elucidated that photogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals play a critical role. In addition, the surface amine groups and benzene rings can be utilized for supercapacitors and other multidisciplinary applications. 0.5 N-BOB/BiOIO3/GO impressively showed 5 times higher specific capacitance than pure GO electrode. We hope this work provides new sight into designing green nanomaterials to relieve environmental pollution and leave behind a clean future for the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lun Chen
- Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, No.134, Sec. 2, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, No.134, Sec. 2, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Sung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei City, 110, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hua Lin
- Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, No.134, Sec. 2, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jan Liu
- Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, No.134, Sec. 2, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jou Kuo
- Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, No.134, Sec. 2, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Er-Chieh Cho
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei City, 110, Taiwan; Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei City, 110, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
| | - Kuen-Chan Lee
- Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, No.134, Sec. 2, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan; Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, 110, Taiwan.
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Yukawa H, Sato K, Baba Y. Theranostics applications of quantum dots in regenerative medicine, cancer medicine, and infectious diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:114863. [PMID: 37156265 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) have attracted attention for their application and commercialization in all industrial fields, including communications, displays, and solar cells, due to their excellent optical properties based on the quantum size effect. In recent years, the development of QDs that do not contain cadmium which is toxic to cells and living organisms, has progressed, and they have attracted considerable attention in the bio-imaging field for targeting molecules and cells. Furthermore, recently, the need for diagnostics and treatment at the single molecule and single cell level in the medical field has been increasing, and the application of QDs in the medical field is also accelerating. Therefore, this paper outlines the frontiers of diagnostic and therapeutic applications (theranostics) of QDs, especially in advanced medical fields such as regenerative medicine, oncology, and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yukawa
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; Nagoya University Institute for Advanced Research, Advanced Analytical and Diagnostic Imaging Center (AADIC)/Medical Engineering Unit (MEU), B3 Unit, Nagoya University, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Development of Quantum-nano Cancer Photoimmunotherapy for Clinical Application of Refractory Cancer, Nagoya University, Tsurumai 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Institute of Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Department of Quantum Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 265-8522, Japan.
| | - Kazuhide Sato
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; Nagoya University Institute for Advanced Research, Advanced Analytical and Diagnostic Imaging Center (AADIC)/Medical Engineering Unit (MEU), B3 Unit, Nagoya University, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Development of Quantum-nano Cancer Photoimmunotherapy for Clinical Application of Refractory Cancer, Nagoya University, Tsurumai 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; Development of Quantum-nano Cancer Photoimmunotherapy for Clinical Application of Refractory Cancer, Nagoya University, Tsurumai 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Institute of Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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Iannazzo D, Celesti C, Giofrè SV, Ettari R, Bitto A. Theranostic Applications of 2D Graphene-Based Materials for Solid Tumors Treatment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2380. [PMID: 37630966 PMCID: PMC10459055 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumors are a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, being characterized by rapid tumor growth and local and distant metastases. The failures encountered in cancer treatment are mainly related to the complicated biology of the tumor microenvironment. Nanoparticles-based (NPs) approaches have shown the potential to overcome the limitations caused by the pathophysiological features of solid cancers, enabling the development of multifunctional systems for cancer diagnosis and therapy and allowing effective inhibition of tumor growth. Among the different classes of NPs, 2D graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs), due to their outstanding chemical and physical properties, easy surface multi-functionalization, near-infrared (NIR) light absorption and tunable biocompatibility, represent ideal nanoplatforms for the development of theranostic tools for the treatment of solid tumors. Here, we reviewed the most recent advances related to the synthesis of nano-systems based on graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), for the development of theranostic NPs to be used for photoacoustic imaging-guided photothermal-chemotherapy, photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), applied to solid tumors destruction. The advantages in using these nano-systems are here discussed for each class of GBNs, taking into consideration the different chemical properties and possibility of multi-functionalization, as well as biodistribution and toxicity aspects that represent a key challenge for their translation into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Iannazzo
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Consuelo Celesti
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Salvatore V. Giofrè
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (S.V.G.); (R.E.)
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (S.V.G.); (R.E.)
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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Walton-Raaby M, Woods R, Kalyaanamoorthy S. Investigating the Theranostic Potential of Graphene Quantum Dots in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119476. [PMID: 37298426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with no definitive diagnosis or known cure. The aggregation of Tau protein into neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which contain straight filaments (SFs) and paired helical filaments (PHFs), is a major hallmark of AD. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are a type of nanomaterial that combat many of the small-molecule therapeutic challenges in AD and have shown promise in similar pathologies. In this study, two sizes of GQDs, GQD7 and GQD28, were docked to various forms of Tau monomers, SFs, and PHFs. From the favorable docked poses, we simulated each system for at least 300 ns and calculated the free energies of binding. We observed a clear preference for GQD28 in the PHF6 (306VQIVYK311) pathological hexapeptide region of monomeric Tau, while GQD7 targeted both the PHF6 and PHF6* (275VQIINK280) pathological hexapeptide regions. In SFs, GQD28 had a high affinity for a binding site that is available in AD but not in other common tauopathies, while GQD7 behaved promiscuously. In PHFs, GQD28 interacted strongly near the protofibril interface at the putative disaggregation site for epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and GQD7 largely interacted with PHF6. Our analyses revealed several key GQD binding sites that may be used for detecting, preventing, and disassembling the Tau aggregates in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Walton-Raaby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Riley Woods
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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Borzooee Moghadam N, Avatefi M, Karimi M, Mahmoudifard M. Graphene family in cancer therapy: recent progress in cancer gene/drug delivery applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:2568-2613. [PMID: 36883982 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01858f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, the development in the construction and architecture of graphene based nanocomplexes has dramatically accelerated the use of nano-graphene for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, fostering a new area of nano-cancer therapy. To be specific, nano-graphene is increasingly used in cancer therapy, where diagnosis and treatment are coupled to deal with the clinical difficulties and challenges of this lethal disease. As a distinct family of nanomaterials, graphene derivatives exhibit outstanding structural, mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermal capabilities. Concurrently, they can transport a wide variety of synthetic agents, including medicines and biomolecules, such as nucleic acid sequences (DNA and RNA). Herewith, we first provide an overview of the most effective functionalizing agents for graphene derivatives and afterward discuss the significant improvements in the gene and drug delivery composites based on graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Borzooee Moghadam
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Manizheh Avatefi
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Karimi
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Matin Mahmoudifard
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
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Lazăr AI, Aghasoleimani K, Semertsidou A, Vyas J, Roșca AL, Ficai D, Ficai A. Graphene-Related Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1092. [PMID: 36985986 PMCID: PMC10051126 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper builds on the context and recent progress on the control, reproducibility, and limitations of using graphene and graphene-related materials (GRMs) in biomedical applications. The review describes the human hazard assessment of GRMs in in vitro and in vivo studies, highlights the composition-structure-activity relationships that cause toxicity for these substances, and identifies the key parameters that determine the activation of their biological effects. GRMs are designed to offer the advantage of facilitating unique biomedical applications that impact different techniques in medicine, especially in neuroscience. Due to the increasing utilization of GRMs, there is a need to comprehensively assess the potential impact of these materials on human health. Various outcomes associated with GRMs, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, beneficial effects on cell proliferation, differentiation rates, apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, physical destruction, DNA damage, and inflammatory responses, have led to an increasing interest in these regenerative nanostructured materials. Considering the existence of graphene-related nanomaterials with different physicochemical properties, the materials are expected to exhibit unique modes of interactions with biomolecules, cells, and tissues depending on their size, chemical composition, and hydrophil-to-hydrophobe ratio. Understanding such interactions is crucial from two perspectives, namely, from the perspectives of their toxicity and biological uses. The main aim of this study is to assess and tune the diverse properties that must be considered when planning biomedical applications. These properties include flexibility, transparency, surface chemistry (hydrophil-hydrophobe ratio), thermoelectrical conductibility, loading and release capacity, and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Isabela Lazăr
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1–7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Centre for Micro- and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Centre for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Anna Semertsidou
- Charles River Laboratories, Margate, Manston Road, Kent CT9 4LT, UK
| | - Jahnavi Vyas
- Drug Development Solution, Newmarket road, Ely, CB7 5WW, UK
| | - Alin-Lucian Roșca
- National Centre for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denisa Ficai
- National Centre for Micro- and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Centre for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1–7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anton Ficai
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1–7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Centre for Micro- and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Centre for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov St. 3, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Barati F, Avatefi M, Moghadam NB, Asghari S, Ekrami E, Mahmoudifard M. A review of graphene quantum dots and their potential biomedical applications. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1137-1158. [PMID: 36066191 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221125311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Today, nanobiotechnology is a pioneering technology in biomedicine. Every day, new nanomaterials are synthesized with elevated physiochemical properties for better diagnosis and treatment of diseases. One advancing class of materials is the Graphene family. Among different kinds of graphene derivatives, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) show fantastic optical, electrical, and electrochemical features originating from their unique quantum confinement effect. Due to the distinct properties of GQD, including large surface-to-volume ratio, low cytotoxicity, and easy functionalization, this nanomaterial has gone popular in biomedical field. Herein, a short overview of different strategies developed for GQD synthesis and functionalization is discussed. In the following, the most recent progress of GQD based nanomaterials in different biomedical fields, including bio-imaging, drug/gene delivery, antimicrobial, tissue engineering, and biosensors, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Barati
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, 48482National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manizheh Avatefi
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, 48482National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Borzooee Moghadam
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, 48482National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Asghari
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, 48482National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elena Ekrami
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, 48482National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matin Mahmoudifard
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, 48482National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Yadav DN, Ali MS, Thanekar AM, Pogu SV, Rengan AK. Recent Advancements in the Design of Nanodelivery Systems of siRNA for Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4506-4526. [PMID: 36409653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has increased the possibility of restoring RNA drug targets for cancer treatment. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising therapeutic RNAi tool that targets the defective gene by inhibiting its mRNA expression and stopping its translation. However, siRNAs have flaws like poor intracellular trafficking, RNase degradation, rapid kidney filtration, off-targeting, and toxicity, which limit their therapeutic efficiency. Nanocarriers (NCs) have been designed to overcome such flaws and increase antitumor activity. Combining siRNA and anticancer drugs can give synergistic effects in cancer cells, making them a significant gene-modification tool in cancer therapy. Our discussion of NCs-mediated siRNA delivery in this review includes their mechanism, limitations, and advantages in comparison with naked siRNA delivery. We will also discuss organic NCs (polymers and lipids) and inorganic NCs (quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, and gold) that have been reported for extensive delivery of therapeutic siRNA to tumor sites. Finally, we will conclude by discussing the studies based on organic and inorganic NCs-mediated siRNA drug delivery systems conducted in the years 2020 and 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokkari Nagalaxmi Yadav
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, India
| | - Mohammad Sadik Ali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, India
| | | | - Sunil Venkanna Pogu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, India
| | - Aravind Kumar Rengan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, India
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14
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Mitochondrial Factor C20orf7 Facilitates the EMT-Mediated Cancer Cell Migration and the Proliferation of Colon Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13112111. [DOI: 10.3390/genes13112111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a major malignant neoplasm with a low survival rate for late-stage patients. Therefore, the investigation of molecules regulating colon cancer progression and the discovery of novel therapeutic targets is critical. Mitochondria play a vital role in maintaining the homeostasis of cells. Abnormal mitochondrial metabolism alterations and the induction of glycolysis can facilitate tumor growth; therefore, targeting mitochondrial molecules is suggested to be a promising strategy for cancer treatment. In this study, we investigated the role of this largely unknown mitochondrial factor, chromosome 20 open reading frame 7 (C20orf7), in colon cancer progression. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology was utilized for C20orf7 depletion, and functional assays were performed to examine the regulation of C20orf7 in colon cancer cells. We demonstrated that C20orf7 facilitates epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-mediated cell migration and promotes the proliferation of colon cancer. The anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU) was also applied, and C20orf7 was targeted with a combination of 5FU treatment, which could further enhance the anti-cancer effect in the colon cancer cell line and the xenograft mice model. In summary, this study demonstrated, for the first time, that C20orf7 plays a promotional role in cancer tumorigenesis and could be a promising therapeutic target in colon cancer treatment.
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15
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Cepero A, Luque C, Cabeza L, Perazzoli G, Quiñonero F, Mesas C, Melguizo C, Prados J. Antibody-Functionalized Nanoformulations for Targeted Therapy of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5065-5080. [PMID: 36345508 PMCID: PMC9635983 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s368814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of chemotherapeutic treatment in colorectal cancer (CRC), the second most mortal cancer worldwide, is associated with several drug limitations, such as non-selective distribution, short half-life, and development of multiple resistances. One of the most promising strategies in CRC therapy is the development of delivery systems based on nanomaterials that can transport antitumor agents to the tumor site more efficiently, increasing accumulation within the tumor and thus the antitumor effect. In addition to taking advantage of the increased permeability and retention effect (EPR) of solid tumors, these nanoformulations can be conjugated with monoclonal antibodies that recognize molecular markers that are specifically over-expressed on CRC cells. Active targeting of nanoformulations reduces the adverse effects associated with the cytotoxic activity of drugs in healthy tissues, which will be of interest for improving the quality of life of cancer patients in the future. This review focuses on in vitro and in vivo studies of drug delivery nanoformulations functionalized with monoclonal antibodies for targeted therapy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cepero
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain
| | - Cristina Luque
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain
| | - Laura Cabeza
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain
| | - Gloria Perazzoli
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Francisco Quiñonero
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain
| | - Cristina Mesas
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain
| | - Consolación Melguizo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain,Correspondence: Consolación Melguizo, Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain, Tel +34-958-249833, Email
| | - Jose Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain
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16
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Mostafavi E, Zare H. Carbon-based nanomaterials in gene therapy. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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17
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Kansara V, Tiwari S, Patel M. Graphene quantum dots: A review on the effect of synthesis parameters and theranostic applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112605. [PMID: 35688109 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The rising demand for early-stage diagnosis of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative can be met with the development of materials offering high sensitivity and specificity. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been investigated extensively for theranostic applications owing to their superior photostability and high aqueous dispersibility. These are attractive for a range of biomedical applications as their physicochemical and optoelectronic properties can be tuned precisely. However, many aspects of these properties remain to be explored. In the present review, we have discussed the effect of synthetic parameters upon their physicochemical characteristics relevant to bioimaging. We have highlighted the effect of particle properties upon sensing of biological molecules through 'turn-on' and 'turn-off' fluorescence and generation of electrochemical signals. After describing the effect of surface chemistry and solution pH on optical properties, an inclusive view on application of GQDs in drug delivery and radiation therapy has been given. Finally, a brief overview on their application in gene therapy has also been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrushti Kansara
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mitali Patel
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Gujarat, India.
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18
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Chen YY, Fan SC, Chang CC, Wang JC, Chiang HM, Juang TY. Non-Conventional Fluorescence and Cytotoxicity of Two Aliphatic Hyperbranched Polymer Dots Having Poly(amic acid) Structures: Implications for Labeling Nanodrug Carriers. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:33159-33170. [PMID: 34901667 PMCID: PMC8655931 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used one-pot A2 + B3 polymerizations to synthesize two aliphatic + alicyclic polymer dots (PDs) having non-conjugated hyperbranched structures, employing two types of dianhydrides as the A2 components, possessing bridged bicyclic alkene (PD-BT) and non-alkene (PD-ET) units, and Jeffamine T403 polyetheramine (T403) as the B3 components. We prepared PD-ET from commercially available ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride (EDTAD, A2) and T403 (B3) and PD-BT from bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BCDA, A2) and T403 (B3). These two types of PDs possessed non-conjugated hyperbranched poly(amic acid) structures with terminal amino functional groups. PD-BT and PD-ET exhibited non-conventional fluorescence with emissions at 435 and 438 nm, respectively, and quantum yields of 12.8 and 14.0%, respectively. The fluorescence intensity of PD-ET was influenced by the pH, but PD-BT was less affected because of its rigid aliphatic bridged bicyclic structure. In aqueous solutions, the sizes of the PD-BT and PD-ET nanoparticles were 3-5 nm, and their net charges can be adjusted by varying the pH. These PDs were non-cytotoxic toward human MCF-7 breast cancer cells and human keratinocyte HaCaT cells at concentrations of 50 μg mL-1 for PD-BT and 500 μg mL-1 for PD-ET. Confocal microscopic bioimaging revealed that the PDs were located within the cells after treatment for 6 h. These PDs were easy to prepare, highly water-soluble, and possessed a large number of peripheral functional groups for further modification. Combined with their non-conventional fluorescence, they appear to have potential uses in bioimaging and as drug-labeling carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yu Chen
- Department
of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Siao-Cian Fan
- Department
of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Cheng Chang
- Aesthetic
Medical Center, China Medical University
Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- School
of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Cheng Wang
- Department
of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Mei Chiang
- Department
of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Yuan Juang
- Department
of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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19
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Zhang Z, Su T, Han Y, Yang Z, Wei J, Jin L, Fan H. A convergent synthetic platform for dual anticancer drugs functionalized by reduced graphene nanocomposite delivery for hepatocellular cancer. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1982-1994. [PMID: 34569406 PMCID: PMC8477966 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1974606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is widespread cancer with a high degree of morbidity and mortality in individuals worldwide and a serious concern for its resistance to present chemotherapy drugs. In this investigation, the combination of cisplatin (CPT) and metformin (MET) to kill the HepG2 and caco-2 cells was developed into a new pH-responding magnetic nanocomposite based on reduced graphene oxide. Polyhydroxyethyl methacrylic (PHEA) was then linked employing grafting from approach to the reduced graphene oxide by ATRP polymerization (Fe3O4@rGO-G-PSEA). FT-IR, SEM, XRD, DLS, and TGA analyses evaluated physicochemical characteristics of the nanocomposite. In addition, the cellular uptake property of the nanocomposites was examined by the HepG2 cells. The outcomes of cell viability results indicate that the nanoparticles loaded with MET&CPT showed the lowest concentration rate of HepG2 and Caco-2 cells compared to the drug-loaded single nanocomposite groups and free drugs. The histological analysis has demonstrated relatively safe and does not produce different stress such as swelling and inflammation of the mice organs. Our results show the enhancement in cytotoxicity in HepG2 and Cocoa-2 cells by MET and CPT graphene oxide-based nanocomposite by promoting apoptotic response. Moreover, Fe3O4@rGO-G-PSEA showed potent in vivo antitumor efficacy but showed no adverse toxicity to normal tissues. Together, this study can provide insight into how surface embellishment may tune these nanocomposites' tumor specificity and provide the basis for developing anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhao Su
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjing Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeran Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wei
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Long Jin
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haining Fan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
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20
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Al Faruque MA, Syduzzaman M, Sarkar J, Bilisik K, Naebe M. A Review on the Production Methods and Applications of Graphene-Based Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2414. [PMID: 34578730 PMCID: PMC8469961 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials in the form of fibres, fabrics, films, and composite materials are the most widely investigated research domains because of their remarkable physicochemical and thermomechanical properties. In this era of scientific advancement, graphene has built the foundation of a new horizon of possibilities and received tremendous research focus in several application areas such as aerospace, energy, transportation, healthcare, agriculture, wastewater management, and wearable technology. Although graphene has been found to provide exceptional results in every application field, a massive proportion of research is still underway to configure required parameters to ensure the best possible outcomes from graphene-based materials. Until now, several review articles have been published to summarise the excellence of graphene and its derivatives, which focused mainly on a single application area of graphene. However, no single review is found to comprehensively study most used fabrication processes of graphene-based materials including their diversified and potential application areas. To address this genuine gap and ensure wider support for the upcoming research and investigations of this excellent material, this review aims to provide a snapshot of most used fabrication methods of graphene-based materials in the form of pure and composite fibres, graphene-based composite materials conjugated with polymers, and fibres. This study also provides a clear perspective of large-scale production feasibility and application areas of graphene-based materials in all forms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Syduzzaman
- Nano/Micro Fiber Preform Design and Composite Laboratory, Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey; (M.S.); (K.B.)
- Department of Textile Engineering Management, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh
| | - Joy Sarkar
- Department of Textile Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh;
| | - Kadir Bilisik
- Nano/Micro Fiber Preform Design and Composite Laboratory, Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey; (M.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Maryam Naebe
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia;
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21
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Rezaei A, Hashemi E. A pseudohomogeneous nanocarrier based on carbon quantum dots decorated with arginine as an efficient gene delivery vehicle. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13790. [PMID: 34215792 PMCID: PMC8253742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A pseudohomogeneous carrier as an emerging term refers to subnanometric carbon-based vehicle with a high ability to interact with genetic materials to form stable carboplex and successfully transfer them into the cell which will result in inhibiting or expressing of therapeutic genes. Chitosan is a non-toxic polyaminosaccharide used as a precursor in the presence of citric acid to produce carbon quantum dots (CQDs), which decorated with arginine as a surface passivation agent with high amine density in hydrothermal methodology. The Arginine-CQDs are comprehensively characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping, fluorescence, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), zeta potential and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). In this regard, for the first time, carboplex are formed by electrostatic conjugating of Arginine-CQDs with DNA to protect it from enzymatic degradation. Moreover, the carboplex, like the chitosan precursor, has not shown toxicity against AGS cell line. Interestingly, the Arginine-CQDs have exhibited an excellent ability to overcome cell barriers to deliver into cells compared to chitosan at the same weight ratio. The Arginine-CQDs/pEGFP (W/W) nanocomplex, not only lead to transfection with a relatively higher efficiency than PEI polymer, which is the "golden standard", but carboplex also demonstrates no significant toxicity. Indeed, the EGFP expression level has reached to 2.4 ± 0.2 via Arginine-CQDs carboplex at W/W 50 weight ratio. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report includes chitosan-based CQDs functionalized by arginine which is applied to serve as a pseudohomogeneous vehicle for gene transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Rezaei
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Hashemi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14965-16, Tehran, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Kim YJ, Lim JH, Lee JM, Choi JW, Choi HW, Seo WH, Lee KG, Lee SJ, Chung BG. CuS/rGO-PEG Nanocomposites for Photothermal Bonding of PMMA-Based Plastic Lab-on-a-Chip. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:176. [PMID: 33445759 PMCID: PMC7828185 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We developed copper sulfide (CuS)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) nanocomposites for photothermal bonding of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based plastic lab-on-a-chip. The noncontact photothermal bonding of PMMA-based plastic labs-on-chip plays an important role in improving the stability and adhesion at a high-temperature as well as minimizing the solution leakage from microchannels when connecting two microfluidic devices. The CuS/rGO-PEG nanocomposites were used to bond a PMMA-based plastic lab-on-a-chip in a short time with a high photothermal effect by a near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. After the thermal bonding process, a gap was not generated in the PMMA-based plastic lab-on-a-chip due to the low viscosity and density of the CuS/rGO-PEG nanocomposites. We also evaluated the physical and mechanical properties after the thermal bonding process, showing that there was no solution leakage in PMMA-based plastic lab-on-a-chip during polymerase chain reaction (PCR) thermal cycles. Therefore, the CuS/rGO-PEG nanocomposite could be a potentially useful nanomaterial for non-contact photothermal bonding between the interfaces of plastic module lab-on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.W.C.); (H.W.C.)
| | - Jae Hyun Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (J.H.L.); (W.H.S.)
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Division of Chemical Industry, Yeungnam University College, Daegu 38541, Korea;
| | - Ji Wook Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.W.C.); (H.W.C.)
| | - Hyung Woo Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.W.C.); (H.W.C.)
| | - Won Ho Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (J.H.L.); (W.H.S.)
| | - Kyoung G. Lee
- Division of Nano-Bio Sensors/Chips Development, National NanoFab Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (K.G.L.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Seok Jae Lee
- Division of Nano-Bio Sensors/Chips Development, National NanoFab Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (K.G.L.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Bong Geun Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.W.C.); (H.W.C.)
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