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Roy A, Reddy Kolipyak S, Chatterjee K. Anodization as a scalable nanofabrication method to engineer mechanobactericidal nanostructures on complex geometries. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400001. [PMID: 38403839 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial contamination of implant surfaces is one of the primary causes of their failure, and this threat has been further exacerbated due to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Nanostructured mechanobactericidal surfaces that neutralize bacteria via biophysical forces instead of traditional biochemical routes have emerged as a potential remedy against this issue. Here, we report on the bactericidal activity of titania nanotubes (TNTs) prepared by anodization, a well-established and scalable method. We investigate the differences in bacterial behavior between three different topographies and demonstrate the applicability of this technique on complex three-dimensional (3D) geometries. It was found that the metabolic activity of bacteria on such surfaces was lower, indicative of disturbed intracellular processes. The differences in deformations of the cell wall of Gram-negative and positive bacteria were investigated from electron micrographs Finally, nanoindentation experiments show that the nanotubular topography was durable enough against forces typically experienced in daily life and had minimal deformation under forces exerted by bacteria. Our observations highlight the potential of the anodization technique for fabricating mechanobactericidal surfaces for implants, devices, surgical instruments, and other surfaces in a healthcare setting in a cheap, scalable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindo Roy
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Sravan Reddy Kolipyak
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, 560012, India
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2
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Wu Y, Liu P, Mehrjou B, Chu PK. Interdisciplinary-Inspired Smart Antibacterial Materials and Their Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305940. [PMID: 37469232 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics has saved millions of lives, but the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become another problem in modern medicine. To avoid or reduce the overuse of antibiotics in antibacterial treatments, stimuli-responsive materials, pathogen-targeting nanoparticles, immunogenic nano-toxoids, and biomimetic materials are being developed to make sterilization better and smarter than conventional therapies. The common goal of smart antibacterial materials (SAMs) is to increase the antibiotic efficacy or function via an antibacterial mechanism different from that of antibiotics in order to increase the antibacterial and biological properties while reducing the risk of drug resistance. The research and development of SAMs are increasingly interdisciplinary because new designs require the knowledge of different fields and input/collaboration from scientists in different fields. A good understanding of energy conversion in materials, physiological characteristics in cells and bacteria, and bactericidal structures and components in nature are expected to promote the development of SAMs. In this review, the importance of multidisciplinary insights for SAMs is emphasized, and the latest advances in SAMs are categorized and discussed according to the pertinent disciplines including materials science, physiology, and biomimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzheng Wu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Babak Mehrjou
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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3
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Hou S, Xia Z, Pan J, Wang N, Gao H, Ren J, Xia X. Bacterial Cellulose Applied in Wound Dressing Materials: Production and Functional Modification - A Review. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300333. [PMID: 37750477 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the development of new type wound dressings has gradually attracted more attention. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer material with various unique properties, such as ultrafine 3D nanonetwork structure, high water retention capacity, and biocompatibility. These properties allow BC to be used independently or in combination with different components (such as biopolymers and nanoparticles) to achieve diverse effects. This means that BC has great potential as a wound dressing. However, systematic summaries for the production and commercial application of BC-based wound dressings are still lacking. Therefore, this review provides a detailed introduction to the production fermentation process of BC, including various production strains and their biosynthetic mechanisms. Subsequently, with regard to the functional deficiencies of bacterial cellulose as a wound dressing, recent research progress in this area is enumerated. Finally, prospects are discussed for the low-cost production and high-value-added product development of BC-based wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiwen Hou
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Zhaopeng Xia
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Pan
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Hanchao Gao
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Jingli Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Bio-Manufacturing, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Xuekui Xia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Bio-Manufacturing, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
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Mah SWL, Linklater DP, Tzanov V, Le PH, Dekiwadia C, Mayes E, Simons R, Eyckens DJ, Moad G, Saita S, Joudkazis S, Jans DA, Baulin VA, Borg NA, Ivanova EP. Piercing of the Human Parainfluenza Virus by Nanostructured Surfaces. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1404-1419. [PMID: 38127731 PMCID: PMC10902884 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigation into the antiviral properties of nanostructured surfaces and explains the underlying virucidal mechanism. We used reactive ion etching to fabricate silicon (Si) surfaces featuring an array of sharp nanospikes with an approximate tip diameter of 2 nm and a height of 290 nm. The nanospike surfaces exhibited a 1.5 log reduction in infectivity of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hPIV-3) after 6 h, a substantially enhanced efficiency, compared to that of smooth Si. Theoretical modeling of the virus-nanospike interactions determined the virucidal action of the nanostructured substrata to be associated with the ability of the sharp nanofeatures to effectively penetrate the viral envelope, resulting in the loss of viral infectivity. Our research highlights the significance of the potential application of nanostructured surfaces in combating the spread of viruses and bacteria. Notably, our study provides valuable insights into the design and optimization of antiviral surfaces with a particular emphasis on the crucial role played by sharp nanofeatures in maximizing their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson W L Mah
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Denver P Linklater
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graeme Clarke Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Vassil Tzanov
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Phuc H Le
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, STEM College,RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Edwin Mayes
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, STEM College,RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ranya Simons
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | | | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Soichiro Saita
- The KAITEKI Institute Inc., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8251, Japan
| | - Saulius Joudkazis
- Optical Science Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - David A Jans
- Nuclear Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Monash, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Vladimir A Baulin
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Natalie A Borg
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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5
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Civantos A, Mesa-Restrepo A, Torres Y, Shetty AR, Cheng MK, Jaramillo-Correa C, Aditya T, Allain JP. Nanotextured porous titanium scaffolds by argon ion irradiation: Toward conformal nanopatterning and improved implant osseointegration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1850-1865. [PMID: 37334879 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Stress shielding and osseointegration are two main challenges in bone regeneration, which have been targeted successfully by chemical and physical surface modification methods. Direct irradiation synthesis (DIS) is an energetic ion irradiation method that generates self-organized nanopatterns conformal to the surface of materials with complex geometries (e.g., pores on a material surface). This work exposes porous titanium samples to energetic argon ions generating nanopatterning between and inside pores. The unique porous architected titanium (Ti) structure is achieved by mixing Ti powder with given amounts of spacer NaCl particles (vol % equal to 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%), compacted and sintered, and combined with DIS to generate a porous Ti with bone-like mechanical properties and hierarchical topography to enhance Ti osseointegration. The porosity percentages range between 25% and 30% using 30 vol % NaCl space-holder (SH) volume percentages to porosity rates of 63%-68% with SH volume of 70 vol % NaCl. Stable and reproducible nanopatterning on the flat surface between pores, inside pits, and along the internal pore walls are achieved, for the first time on any porous biomaterial. Nanoscale features were observed in the form of nanowalls and nanopeaks of lengths between 100 and 500 nm, thicknesses of 35-nm and heights between 100 and 200 nm on average. Bulk mechanical properties that mimic bone-like structures were observed along with increased wettability (by reducing contact values). Nano features were cell biocompatible and enhanced in vitro pre-osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Higher alkaline phosphatase levels and increased calcium deposits were observed on irradiated 50 vol % NaCl samples at 7 and 14 days. After 24 h, nanopatterned porous samples decreased the number of attached macrophages and the formation of foreign body giant cells, confirming nanoscale tunability of M1-M2 immuno-activation with enhanced osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Civantos
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Nick Holonyak, Jr., Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrea Mesa-Restrepo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yadir Torres
- Department of Engineering and Materials Science and Transport, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Akshath R Shetty
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ming Kit Cheng
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Camilo Jaramillo-Correa
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- The Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Teresa Aditya
- The Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jean Paul Allain
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Nick Holonyak, Jr., Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Aditya T, Mesa-Restrepo A, Civantos A, Cheng MK, Jaramillo-Correa C, Posada VM, Koyn Z, Allain JP. Ion Bombardment-Induced Nanoarchitectonics on Polyetheretherketone Surfaces for Enhanced Nanoporous Bioactive Implants. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4922-4934. [PMID: 37932955 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the biocompatible, nontoxic, and radiolucent properties of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), its biologically inert surface compromises its use in dental, orthopedic, and spine fusion industries. Many efforts have been made to improve the biological performance of PEEK implants, from bioactive coatings to composites using titanium alloys or hydroxyapatite and changing the surface properties by chemical and physical methods. Directed plasma nanosynthesis (DPNS) is an atomic-scale nanomanufacturing technique that changes the surface topography and chemistry of solids via low-energy ion bombardment. In this study, PEEK samples were nanopatterned by using argon ion irradiation by DPNS to yield active nanoporous biomaterial surface. PEEK surfaces modified with two doses of low and high fluence, corresponding to 1.0 × 1017 and 1.0 × 1018 ions/cm2, presented pore sizes of 15-25 and 60-90 nm, respectively, leaving exposed PEEK fibers and an increment of roughness of nearly 8 nm. The pores per unit area were closely related for high fluence PEEK and low fluence PEEK surfaces, with 129.11 and 151.72 pore/μm2, respectively. The contact angle significantly decreases in hydrophobicity-hydrophilicity tests for the irradiated PEEK surface to ∼46° from a control PEEK value of ∼74°. These super hydrophilic substrates had 1.6 times lower contact angle compared to the control sample revealing a rough surface of 20.5 nm only at higher fluences when compared to control and low fluences of 12.16 and 14.03 nm, respectively. These super hydrophilic surfaces in both cases reached higher cell viability with ∼13 and 34% increase, respectively, compared to unmodified PEEK, with an increased expression of alkaline phosphatase at 7 days on higher fluences establishing a higher affinity for preosteblasts with increased cellular activity, thus revealing successful and improved integration with the implant material, which can potentially be used in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Aditya
- The Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Andrea Mesa-Restrepo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801-3028, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801-3028, United States
| | - Ana Civantos
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801-3028, United States
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801-3028, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801-3028, United States
| | - Ming-Kit Cheng
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801-3028, United States
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801-3028, United States
| | - Camilo Jaramillo-Correa
- The Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801-3028, United States
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801-3028, United States
| | - Viviana M Posada
- The Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Zachariah Koyn
- Editekk, Inc., State College, Pennsylvania 16803, United States
| | - Jean Paul Allain
- The Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801-3028, United States
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801-3028, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801-3028, United States
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Jaramillo-Correa C, Posada VM, Nashed J, Civantos A, Allain JP. Analysis of Antibacterial Efficacy and Cellular Alignment Regulation on Plasma Nanotextured Chitosan Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:14573-14585. [PMID: 37797266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
To address implant-related infections, antibacterial solutions specific to biomaterials are required to prevent bacterial proliferation. Traditional antibiotic usage has been found insufficient, motivating researchers to investigate alternative strategies such as surface modification and the application of antifouling or infection-resistant properties. A developing interest lies in designing surfaces that mimic natural antibacterial nanotopographies. In this study, we conducted a quantitative analysis of the outcomes from plasma nanotexturing, with particular emphasis on how the organization of topography influences antibacterial efficacy and the regulation of cell alignment. Plasma nanotexturing was applied to chitosan surfaces, which gradually transformed from nanopores to pillars and eventually into tilted pillars, as the plasma parameters (fluence and angle) increased. We used directed plasma nanosynthesis, a plasma-based technique that primarily induces topographical alterations on the surfaces. The surfaces were systematically characterized, incorporating methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A comprehensive comparison of the nanotextures was executed by utilizing a trapezoidal method to calculate aspect ratios and assess texture orientation by examining the gaps in the nanostructures. We evaluated antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus strains and assessed the survival and alignment of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Our findings reveal a significant reduction in bacterial adhesion (>80%) and growth on nanotextured surfaces, underscoring their potential for clinical applications. Moreover, we measured cell alignment, presenting the results in both a color-coded and numerical format to demonstrate the preferential alignment orientation induced specially by the tilted nanotexture. These insights highlight the profound impacts of plasma nanotexturing, indicating its potential for innovative biomedical applications such as advanced wound healing and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Jaramillo-Correa
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16082, United States
- Nuclear, Plasma & Radiological Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Viviana M Posada
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16082, United States
| | - Jordan Nashed
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16082, United States
| | - Ana Civantos
- Nuclear, Plasma & Radiological Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jean Paul Allain
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16082, United States
- Nuclear, Plasma & Radiological Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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8
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Catley T, Corrigan RM, Parnell AJ. Designing Effective Antimicrobial Nanostructured Surfaces: Highlighting the Lack of Consensus in the Literature. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14873-14883. [PMID: 37151499 PMCID: PMC10157858 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Research into nanostructured materials, inspired by the topography of certain insect wings, has provided a potential pathway toward drug-free antibacterial surfaces, which may be vital in the ongoing battle against antimicrobial resistance. However, to produce viable antibacterial nanostructured surfaces, we must first understand the bactericidal mechanism of action and how to optimize them to kill the widest range of microorganisms. This review discusses the parameters of nanostructured surfaces that have been shown to influence their bactericidal efficiency and highlights the highly variable nature of many of the findings. A large-scale analysis of the literature is also presented, which further shows a lack of clarity in what is understood about the factors influencing bactericidal efficiency. The potential reasons for the ambiguity, including how the killing effect may be a result of multiple factors and issues with nonstandardized testing of the antibacterial properties of nanostructured surfaces, are then discussed. Finally, a standard method for testing of antimicrobial killing is proposed that will allow comparison between studies and enable a deeper understanding about nanostructured surfaces and how to optimize their bactericidal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
E. Catley
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca M. Corrigan
- Molecular
Microbiology, School of Biosciences, University
of Sheffield, Firth Court, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Parnell
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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9
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Finite Element Modelling of a Gram-Negative Bacterial Cell and Nanospike Array for Cell Rupture Mechanism Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052184. [PMID: 36903429 PMCID: PMC10004153 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by nature, it is envisaged that a nanorough surface exhibits bactericidal properties by rupturing bacterial cells. In order to study the interaction mechanism between the cell membrane of a bacteria and a nanospike at the contact point, a finite element model was developed using the ABAQUS software package. The model, which saw a quarter of a gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) cell membrane adhered to a 3 × 6 array of nanospikes, was validated by the published results, which show a reasonably good agreement with the model. The stress and strain development in the cell membrane was modeled and were observed to be spatially linear and temporally nonlinear. From the study, it was observed that the bacterial cell wall was deformed around the location of the nanospike tips as full contact was generated. Around the contact point, the principal stress reached above the critical stress leading to a creep deformation that is expected to cause cell rupture by penetrating the nanospike, and the mechanism is envisaged to be somewhat similar to that of a paper punching machine. The obtained results in this project can provide an insight on how bacterial cells of a specific species are deformed when they adhere to nanospikes, and how it is ruptured using this mechanism.
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Yehuda N, Gheber LA, Kushmaro A, (Mails) Arad S. Complexes of Cu-Polysaccharide of a Marine Red Microalga Produce Spikes with Antimicrobial Activity. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120787. [PMID: 36547934 PMCID: PMC9783634 DOI: 10.3390/md20120787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-polysaccharides have recently raised significant interest due to their multifunctional bioactivities. The antimicrobial activity of a complex of Cu2O with the sulfated polysaccharide (PS) of the marine red microalga Porphyridium sp. was previously attributed to spikes formed on the complex surface (roughness). This hypothesis was further examined here using other Cu-PS complexes (i.e., monovalent-Cu2O, CuCl and divalent-CuO, CuCl2). The nanostructure parameters of the monovalent complexes, namely, longer spikes (1000 nm) and greater density (2000-5000 spikes/µm2) were found to be related to the superior inhibition of microbial growth and viability and biofilm formation. When Escherichia coli TV1061, used as a bioluminescent test organism, was exposed to the monovalent Cu-PS complexes, enhanced bioluminescence accumulation was observed, probably due to membrane perforation by the spikes on the surface of the complexes and consequent cytoplasmic leakage. In addition, differences were found in the surface chemistry of the monovalent and divalent Cu-PS complexes, with the monovalent Cu-PS complexes exhibiting greater stability (ζ-potential, FTIR spectra, and leaching out), which could be related to spike formation. This study thus supports our hypothesis that the spikes protruding from the monovalent Cu-PS surfaces, as characterized by their aspect ratio, are responsible for the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nofar Yehuda
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Levi A. Gheber
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Ariel Kushmaro
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Shoshana (Mails) Arad
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-747795257
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Sharma P, Mittal M, Yadav A, Aggarwal NK. Bacterial Cellulose: Nano-biomaterial for Biodegradable Face Masks- A Greener Approach Towards Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY, MONITORING & MANAGEMENT 2022; 19:100759. [PMCID: PMC9683524 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2022.100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of face masks aids to stop the transmission of various deadly communicable ailments, and therefore widespread mask wearing habit is advocated by nearly all health organisations including the WHO to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent studies predicted a shocking requirement of masks globally, approximately billions of masks per week in a single country, and maximum of them are disposable masks, which are made up of nonbiodegradable material such as polypropylene. With expanding review on improper masks disposal, it is imperative to perceive this inherent environmental hazard and avert it from resulting in the subsequent problematic situation due to plastic. The shift towards biodegradable biopolymers alternatives such as bacterial cellulose and newly evolving sustainable scientific knowledge would be significant to dealt with upcoming environmental problem. Bacterial cellulose possesses various desirable properties to replace the conventional mask material. This review gives an overview of data about accumulation of waste masks and its potential harm on environment. It also focuses on diverse characteristics of bacterial cellulose which make it suitable material for making mask and the challenges in the way of bacterial cellulose production and their possible solution. The current review also discussed the report on global bacterial cellulose market growth.
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12
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Kaul S, Sagar P, Gupta R, Garg P, Priyadarshi N, Singhal NK. Mechanobactericidal, Gold Nanostar Hydrogel-Based Bandage for Bacteria-Infected Skin Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44084-44097. [PMID: 36099413 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) microorganisms has led to the development of alternative approaches for providing relief from microbial attacks. The mechano-bactericidal action as a substitute for antimicrobials has become the focus of intensive research. In this work, nanostructure-conjugated hydrogel are explored as a flexible dressing against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-infected skin wounds. Herein gold nanostars (AuNst) with spike lengths reaching 120 nm are probed for antibacterial action. The bacterial killing of >95% is observed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), while up to 60% for Gram-positive S. aureus. AuNst conjugated hydrogel (AuNst120@H) reduced >80% colonies of P. aeruginosa and E. coli. In comparison, around 35.4% reduction of colonies are obtained for S. aureus. The viability assay confirmed the presence of about 85% of living NIH-3T3 cells when grown with hydrogels. An animal wound model is also developed to assess the efficiency of AuNst120@H. A significant reduction in wound size is observed on the 10th day in AuNst120@H treated animals with fully formed epidermal layers, hair follicles, new blood vessels, and arrector muscles. These findings suggest that novel dressing materials can be developed with antimicrobial nanotextured surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunaina Kaul
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140306, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Poonam Sagar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140306, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ritika Gupta
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140306, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Priyanka Garg
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140306, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Nitesh Priyadarshi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140306, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Singhal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140306, India
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13
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Shen J, Guercio D, Heckler IL, Jiang T, Laughlin ST, Boon EM, Bhatia SR. Self-Patterned Nanoscale Topography of Thin Copolymer Films Prepared by Evaporative Assembly-Resist Early-Stage Bacterial Adhesion. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3870-3882. [PMID: 35895111 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation on the surfaces of indwelling medical devices has become a growing health threat due to the development of antimicrobial resistance to infection-causing bacteria. For example, ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas and Staphylococci species has become a significant concern in treatment of patients during COVID-19 pandemic. Nanostructured surfaces with antifouling activity are of interest as a promising strategy to prevent bacterial adhesion without triggering drug resistance. In this study, we report a facile evaporative approach to prepare block copolymer film coatings with nanoscale topography that resist bacterial adhesion. The initial attachment of the target bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to copolymer films as well as homopolymer films was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Significant reduction in bacterial adhesion (93-99% less) and area coverage (>92% less) on the copolymer films was observed compared with that on the control and homopolymer films [poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA)─only 40 and 23% less, respectively]. The surfaces of poly(styrene)-PMAA copolymer films with patterned nanoscale topography that contains sharp peaks ranging from 20 to 80 nm spaced at 30-50 nm were confirmed by atomic force microscopy and the corresponding surface morphology analysis. Investigation of the surface wettability and surface potential of polymer films assists in understanding the effect of surface properties on the bacterial attachment. Comparison of bacterial growth studies in polymer solutions with the growth studies on coatings highlights the importance of physical nanostructure in resisting bacterial adhesion, as opposed to chemical characteristics of the copolymers. Such self-patterned antifouling surface coatings, produced with a straightforward and energy-efficient approach, could provide a convenient and effective method to resist bacterial fouling on the surface of medical devices and reduce device-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachun Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Danielle Guercio
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Ilana L Heckler
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Scott T Laughlin
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Boon
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Surita R Bhatia
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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Aditya T, Allain JP, Jaramillo C, Restrepo AM. Surface Modification of Bacterial Cellulose for Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:610. [PMID: 35054792 PMCID: PMC8776065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose is a naturally occurring polysaccharide with numerous biomedical applications that range from drug delivery platforms to tissue engineering strategies. BC possesses remarkable biocompatibility, microstructure, and mechanical properties that resemble native human tissues, making it suitable for the replacement of damaged or injured tissues. In this review, we will discuss the structure and mechanical properties of the BC and summarize the techniques used to characterize these properties. We will also discuss the functionalization of BC to yield nanocomposites and the surface modification of BC by plasma and irradiation-based methods to fabricate materials with improved functionalities such as bactericidal capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Aditya
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (J.P.A.); (C.J.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Jean Paul Allain
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (J.P.A.); (C.J.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Camilo Jaramillo
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (J.P.A.); (C.J.)
| | - Andrea Mesa Restrepo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
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Abstract
Ion beam irradiation of solid surfaces may result in the self-organized formation of well-defined topographic nanopatterns. Depending on the irradiation conditions and the material properties, isotropic or anisotropic patterns of differently shaped features may be obtained. Most intriguingly, the periodicities of these patterns can be adjusted in the range between less than twenty and several hundred nanometers, which covers the dimensions of many cellular and extracellular features. However, even though ion beam nanopatterning has been studied for several decades and is nowadays widely employed in the fabrication of functional surfaces, it has found its way into the biomaterials field only recently. This review provides a brief overview of the basics of ion beam nanopatterning, emphasizes aspects of particular relevance for biomaterials applications, and summarizes a number of recent studies that investigated the effects of such nanopatterned surfaces on the adsorption of biomolecules and the response of adhering cells. Finally, promising future directions and potential translational challenges are identified.
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Kolel-Veetil M, Sen A, Buehler MJ. Surface adhesion of viruses and bacteria: Defend only and/or vibrationally extinguish also?! A perspective. MRS ADVANCES 2021; 6:355-361. [PMID: 34150335 PMCID: PMC8204927 DOI: 10.1557/s43580-021-00079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses COVID-19, SARS-CoV and NL63 use spikes in their corona to bind to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) sites on cytoskeletal membranes of host cells to deliver their viral payload. While groups such as disulfides in ACE2's zinc metallopeptidase, and also in COVID-19's spikes, facilitate such binding, it is worth exploring how similar complementary sites on materials such as polymers, metals, ceramics, fabrics, and biomaterials promote binding of viruses and bacteria and how they could be further engineered to prevent bioactivity, or to act as agents to collect viral payloads in filters or similar devices. In that vein, this article offers a perspective on novel tools and approaches for chemically and topologically modifying most utilitarian surfaces via defensive topological vibrational engineering to either prevent such adhesion or to enhance adhesion and elicit vibrational characteristics/'musical signatures' from the surfaces so that the structure of the binding sites of viruses and bacteria is permanently altered and/or their cellular machinery is permanently disabled by targeted chemical transformations. Graphic abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1557/s43580-021-00079-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kolel-Veetil
- Chemistry Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 USA
| | - Ayusman Sen
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Markus J. Buehler
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
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