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Sun L, Ding L, Guo X, Wang Y, Liu X, Ren Y, Li Y. "One for two" strategy to construct an organic-inorganic polymer colloid for flame-retardant modification of flax fabric and rigid polyurethane foam. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133562. [PMID: 38955299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric materials such as fabric and foam have high flammability which limits their application in the field of fire protection. To this end, an organic-inorganic polymer colloid constructed from carboxymethyl chitosan and ammonium polyphosphate was used to improve the flame retardancy of flax fabric (FF) and rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) based on a "one for two" strategy. The modification processes of FF and RPUF relied on pad-dry-cure method and UV-curing technology, respectively, and the modified FF and RPUF were severally designated as CMC/APP-FF and RFR-RPUF. Flame retardancy studies showed that CMC/APP-FF and RFR-RPUF exhibited limiting oxygen index values as high as 39.4 % and 42.6 %, respectively, and both achieved self-extinguishing behavior when external ignition source was removed. Thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry test confirmed that CMC/APP-FF and RFR-RPUF had good charring ability and demonstrated reduced peak heat release rate values of 90.1 % and 10.8 %, respectively, distinct from before they were modified. In addition, condensed phase analysis showed that after burning, CMC/APP-FF became an integration char structure, whereas RFR-RPUF turned into a sandwiched char structure. In summary, the "one for two" strategy reported in this work provides a new insight into the economical fabrication of flame-retardant polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Lan Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Xiuyan Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China.
| | - Yuanlin Ren
- School of Science and Technology Textiles, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Yuesheng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
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Mostafa Saleh N, Elsawy MM, Abd El-Wahab H, Salem SS, Abd El-Sattar NED. New coating formulation based on synthesized benzodiazepine derivatives as double function additives for industrial application. PIGMENT & RESIN TECHNOLOGY 2022; 51:581-599. [DOI: 10.1108/prt-06-2021-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop a new protective coating formulation for industrial use, using benzodiazepine derivatives as double function additives.
Design/methodology/approach
Benzodiazepine’s derivatives of types (3–5) were prepared and confirmed by infrared, Mass, 1H-Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C NMR spectra. The synthesized compound was physically incorporated in the alkyd paint formulation by pebble mill grinding until all particulates are smaller than 20 ums. The prepared coatings were applied by air spray on steel panels. The physical, mechanical characteristics, corrosion resistance and antimicrobial test of the prepared coatings were studied to evaluate the prepared compounds drawbacks.
Findings
The results of the mechanical and physical properties of the paint formulation revealed that the paint formulation incorporating benzodiazepines derivatives 3–5 performed best and improved corrosion-resistance and antibacterial activity tests.
Research limitations/implications
In alkyd paint, heterocyclic compounds are the most used antibacterial additives. Other functionalities of these compounds, such as corrosion inhibitors, might be studied to see if they are suited for these applications.
Practical implications
Because of the activity of various benzodiazepine derivatives, which may be attributable to the presence of some function groups such as sulfonamide aromatic amino NH2 group, and elements such as Sulphur, Nitrogen, Chlorine, in its chemical structure. As a result, paint compositions including these compounds as additives can be used as dual-purpose paint and for a variety of industrial applications.
Originality/value
The research demonstrates how a low-cost paint composition based on synthesized benzodiazepine derivatives 3–5 may be used as a dual-function paint for industrial use.
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Lu Y, Zhao P, Chen Y, Huang T, Liu Y, Ding D, Zhang G. A bio-based macromolecular phosphorus-containing active cotton flame retardant synthesized from starch. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120076. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Yazici C, Mehmet Özkal F, Nazif Orhan S, Kaan Cirpici B. Reformative Effects of Intumescent Coating on the Structural Characteristics of Cold-Formed Steel. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:42560-42569. [PMID: 36440174 PMCID: PMC9685761 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Intumescent fire-resistive coatings are a more recent type of passive fireproofing thin film that swells many times its initial applied thickness, generating an insulating char that functions as a thermal barrier between the fire and structural steel. It keeps the heat of steel members from reaching critical levels and aids in the structural integrity during a fire. They are architects and designers' favorite choice for passive fire protection of load-bearing steel frame structures because of their aesthetic look, versatility, rapidity of application, and ease of inspection and maintenance. In this study, axial tensile, thermal conductivity, and hardness tests have been performed on S235 cold-formed steel specimens that were exposed to increasing temperature periods. The mechanical behavior of coated and uncoated specimens was investigated over the modulus of elasticity, yield strength/strain, and ultimate strength/strain values for all temperatures. As a result of the research, gradually increasing changes were observed in the mechanical properties of coated and uncoated specimens at increasing temperature levels, compared to each other. However, performance increment on the coated specimens was limited in terms of strength and strain characteristics than expected. Two essential reasons for this conclusion are that the specimens were exposed to heat for a long time after reaching the target temperature and also that the wall thickness of the specimens was thinner with respect to the usual application method of the protective coating. In order to examine the structural properties of the test specimens after elevated temperature effects, thermal conductivity measurement was also performed. Temperature difference between coated and uncoated surfaces provided a benefit in the range of 29-56% due to the coating. Lastly, microstructure imaging techniques demonstrated grain coarsening and no crack development with the increase in temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casim Yazici
- Department
of Construction, Ağrı İbrahim
Çeçen University, 04400Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Özkal
- Department
of Civil Engineering, Atatürk University, 25240Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Nazif Orhan
- Department
of Civil Engineering, Erzurum Technical
University, 25050Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Burak Kaan Cirpici
- Department
of Civil Engineering, Erzurum Technical
University, 25050Erzurum, Turkey
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Afshari M, Dinari M. Improving the Reaction-to-Fire Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane by New Phosphazene-Triazinyl-Based Covalent Organic Framework. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:49003-49013. [PMID: 36282083 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an approach to simultaneously improve fire resistance and mechanical performance of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was introduced through the penetration of a conjugated network containing nitrogen and phosphorus elements. For this purpose, a Bg-HCCP COF was synthesized through a solvothermal method from benzoguanamine (Bg) and hexachlorophosphazene (HCCP) monomers. Then, it was combined with TPU using the wet mixing method. The TPU/Bg-HCCP composites showed better mechanical strength than the untreated sample. The fire safety of TPU/Bg-HCCP composites was greatly improved by increasing the Bg-HCCP contents. The reduction of the peak heat release rate and the total heat release for the TPU/Bg-HCCP composite with 3 wt % Bg-HCCP were about 44.8 and 60.4%, respectively. Besides, the results showed that adding Bg-HCCP to TPU significantly improved the suppression of smoke generation so that 3% by weight of the fire retardant reduced the total smoke released by 53.1%. It also decreased the peak of the carbon monoxide production rate by 26.5%. Generally, our research provides a promising strategy for constructing flame-retardant composites with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Afshari
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Dinari
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Hu WJ, Li YM, Hu SL, Li YR, Wang DY. The design of the nano-container to store the highly efficient flame retardants toward the enhancement of flame retardancy and smoke suppression for the unsaturated polyester resins. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Li H, Zeng W, Shi J, Wen N, Yang Z, Lei Z. Effects of novel functionalized magnesium phosphate monomers on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polyethylene terephthalate copolymers. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132648. [PMID: 34695482 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, inorganic magnesium hydroxide (MH) was modified by three phosphoric acids respectively to obtain three different novel functionalized monomers. The chemical structure and morphology of (Pn-MH) were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Further, functional monomers were introduced into the PET main chain structure. A new type of high-performance co-polyesters was successfully prepared. The specific structure of P1-MH-PET was characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Thermal stability of Pn-MH-PETs was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The flame retardant properties were evaluated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion test (UL-94) and cone calorimeter. The results show that the thermal stability and flame retardant properties of 5%Pn-MH-PETs are greatly improved. Among them, the best performance is 5%P1-MH-PET, LOI is 32.5%, UL-94 test reached V-0 grade. Compared with neat PET, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), peak smoke release rate (PSPR), carbon dioxide release rate (CO2PR) and carbon monoxide release rate (COPR) decreased by 57.0%, 38.1%, 54.6% and 57.3%, respectively. Fortunately, the mechanical properties of 5%P3-MH-PET were also improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Jianping Shi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Na Wen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Zhiwang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Ziqiang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
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Huang Y, Zhou J, Sun P, Zhang L, Qian X, Jiang S, Shi C. Green, tough and highly efficient flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam enabled by double network hydrogel coatings. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10555-10565. [PMID: 34761787 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01213d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Designing eco-friendly fireproof rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) that can completely stop fire ignition or spread has significant technological implications, which has been proved to be extremely challenging. Herein, a novel green strategy based on double network hydrogel coating was developed to enhance the flame retardancy of RPUF via a facile casting and curing process. This strategy can create a homogeneous hydrogel fire-resistant layer with strong adhesion on the outermost surface of the substrate. Due to good water holding capacity and excellent thermal management properties, the hydrogel coating showed excellent fire retardancy. As a proof-of-concept, polyacrylic-polydopamine (PAAm-PDA) double network hydrogel coating was applied to an extremely flammable RPUF substrate. Compared with the neat foam, the PAAm-PDA coated RPUF exhibited an overall improvement in fire-safety performance, including a rapid self-quenching behavior, a six-fold enhancement in time to ignition (TTI), and 39.7% and 42.2% decreases in the mean heat release rate (HRR) and total smoke production (TSP), respectively. Furthermore, the tough hydrogel-coated RPUF possessed enough mechanical properties to meet the requirement of its practical applications. Benefiting from its low cost, easy-to-process and eco-friendly characteristics, this hydrogel fireproof coating strategy provides a new direction for developing green and safe structural materials with widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Huang
- Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nanomaterials of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P. R. China
| | - Ping Sun
- Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Qian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation Safety, Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, P. R. China.
| | - Saihua Jiang
- Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Congling Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation Safety, Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, P. R. China.
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Zhou Y, Lin Y, Tawiah B, Sun J, Yuen RKK, Fei B. DOPO-Decorated Two-Dimensional MXene Nanosheets for Flame-Retardant, Ultraviolet-Protective, and Reinforced Polylactide Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:21876-21887. [PMID: 33939405 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a novel and facile strategy for fabricating fire-resistant, ultraviolet (UV)-shielding, and tensile-enhanced polylactide (PLA) composites using two-dimensional (2D) MXene (Ti3C2) flakes chemically modified with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). The thermal and burning performances of PLA composites were demonstrated by the limiting oxygen index, UL-94 test, and cone calorimetry. The UV-shielding and tensile performances were also examined. The results revealed that PLA/Ti3C2-DOPO (3 wt %) displayed a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test. The enhancement against fire hazard was reflected by the significant reduction in the peak heat release rate (33.7%), total heat release (47%), peak CO production (58.8%), and total smoke production (41.7%). The improved fire-safety performance of the composites is attributed to the interplay of catalytic, barrier, and condensed effects of the Ti3C2-DOPO nanosheets in the PLA matrix. PLA/Ti3C2-DOPO also showed an increase (∼9%) in tensile strength and an "Excellent" level (UPF 50+) in the UV-protection assessment. In all, this study introduces a novel chemical modification strategy for 2D MXene flakes to fabricate multifunctional PLA composites, which are promising candidates for next-generation sustainable and protective plastic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zhou
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 KW52, Ireland
| | - Yichao Lin
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Benjamin Tawiah
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Industrial Art (Textiles), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00000, Ghana
| | - Jun Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Richard K K Yuen
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Bin Fei
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Yang W, Liu Y, Wei J, Li X, Li N, Liu J. An Intelligent Fire-Protection Coating Based on Ammonium Polyphosphate/Epoxy Composites and Laser-Induced Graphene. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060984. [PMID: 33806971 PMCID: PMC8004711 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fire-protection coatings with a self-monitoring ability play a critical role in safety and security. An intelligent fire-protection coating can protect humans from personal and property damage. In this work, we report the fabrication of a low-cost and facile intelligent fire coating based on a composite of ammonium polyphosphate and epoxy (APP/EP). The composite was processed using laser scribing, which led to a laser-induced graphene (LIG) layer on the APP/EP surface via a photothermal effect. The C–O, C=O, P–O, and N−C bonds in the flame-retardant APP/EP composite were broken during the laser scribing, while the remaining carbon atoms recombined to generate the graphene layer. A proof-of-concept was achieved by demonstrating the use of LIG in supercapacitors, as a temperature sensor, and as a hazard detection device based on the shape memory effect of the APP/EP composite. The intelligent flame protection coating had a high flame retardancy, which increased the time to ignition (TTI) from 21 s to 57 s, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value increased to 37%. The total amount of heat and smoke released during combustion was effectively suppressed by ≈ 71.1% and ≈ 74.1%, respectively. The maximum mass-specific supercapacitance could reach 245.6 F·g−1. The additional LIG layer enables applications of the device as a LIG-APP/EP temperature sensor and allows for monitoring of the deformation according to its shape memory effect. The direct laser scribing of graphene from APP/EP in an air atmosphere provides a convenient and practical approach for the fabrication of flame-retardant electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiping Liu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-1078-8891
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Guerra-Contreras A, Camacho-Ramírez A, Olvera-Sosa M, González-García R, Palestino G. Evaluation of a rapid and long-effective pickling method for iron rust removal on metallic surfaces using carboxylic acid-based polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02461-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Shi J, Zeng W, Yang Z, Li J, Zhao P, Li H, Yan X, Wen N, Lei Z, Chen D, Guan J. Effect of particle size on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of hydroxyethyl diphosphate modified aluminum hydroxide intrinsic polyethylene terephthalate. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Shi
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environment Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environment Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
| | - Zhiwang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environment Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
| | - Ju Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environment Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
| | - Pufang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environment Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environment Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
| | - Xingxing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environment Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
| | - Na Wen
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environment Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
| | - Ziqiang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environment Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
| | - Denglong Chen
- Quangang Petrochemical Research Institute Fujian Normal University Quanzhou China
| | - Jie Guan
- Lanzhou Fire and Rescue Division Gansu Fire and Rescue Brigade Lanzhou China
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