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Kumar G, Panda S. Probing the ionic activation enthalpies in anionic polysaccharide xerogel-based single ion conductor for temperature sensing. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 340:122258. [PMID: 38857999 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Ionic charge transport in polymer-based solid electrolytes is significantly affected by thermal perturbations, facilitating the detection of temperature variations. However, the impact of ionic interactions and molecular arrangements in polymeric single-ion conductors (SICs) has not been thoroughly investigated for temperature sensing. By probing the effect of the associated energies for ionic interactions and polymeric rearrangements, the thermal sensing characteristics of alginate have been studied. For the first time, alginate SIC interacting with multivalent ions (viz., Na+, Ca2+ and Fe3+) to form xerogel has been exploited as a temperature-sensing layer by fabricating a xerogel-based ionic thermistor (xIT) as a temperature sensor. The xIT has demonstrated stable functioning from 25 to 70 °C and unveiled enhanced sensing abilities in the physiological state of the human body (35-40 °C), exhibiting a monotonic linear response, high sensitivity (-3.77 % °C-1), and high accuracy (0.1 °C). The sensing characteristic is observed due to the inward ionic flux under thermal and electrical perturbations. The concentration of ionic charge carriers and ionic drift are assumed to be Arrhenius-activated processes. A general microscopic model of ion transport within polysaccharides has been elucidated via hopping mechanisms, and the effects of the associated activation energies on temperature sensitivity have been explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Materials Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP 208016, India; National Center for Flexible Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP 208016, India
| | - Siddhartha Panda
- Materials Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP 208016, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP 208016, India; National Center for Flexible Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP 208016, India.
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2
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Hou Z, Zhou T, Bai L, Wang W, Chen H, Yang L, Yang H, Wei D. Design of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Based Self-Healing Nanocomposite Hydrogels and Application in Motion Sensing and Sweat Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38958653 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels, as flexible materials, have been widely used in the field of flexible sensors. Human sweat contains a variety of biomarkers that can reflect the physiological state of the human body. Therefore, it is of great practical significance and application value to realize the detection of sweat composition and combine it with human motion sensing through a hydrogel. Based on mussel-inspired chemistry, polydopamine (PDA) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were coated on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to obtain CNC-based nanocomposites (CNCs@PDA-Au), which could simultaneously enhance the mechanical, electrochemical, and self-healing properties of hydrogels. The CNCs@PDA-Au was composited with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel to obtain the nanocomposite hydrogel (PVA/CNCs@PDA-Au) by freeze-thaw cycles. The PVA/CNCs@PDA-Au has excellent mechanical strength (7.2 MPa) and self-healing properties (88.3%). The motion sensors designed with PVA/CNCs@PDA-Au exhibited a fast response time (122.9 ms), wide strain sensing range (0-600.0%), excellent stability, and fatigue resistance. With the unique electrochemical redox properties of uric acid, the designed hydrogel sensor successfully realized the detection of uric acid in sweat with a wide detection range (1.0-100.0 μmol/L) and low detection limit (0.42 μmol/L). In this study, the dual detection of human motion and uric acid in sweat was successfully realized by the designed PVA/CNCs@PDA-Au nanocomposite hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Hou
- Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymers in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Tianjun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymers in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Liangjiu Bai
- Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymers in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
- Shandong Baoyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yantai 264006, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymers in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Hou Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymers in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Lixia Yang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymers in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Huawei Yang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymers in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Donglei Wei
- Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymers in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
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3
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He Z, Shen J, Lan M, Gu H. Collagen fiber-reinforced, tough and adaptive conductive organohydrogel e-skin for multimodal sensing applications. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38912903 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00374h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels (CHs) with high sensitivity and multifunctional property are considered as excellent materials for wearable devices and flexible electronics. Surface synapses and internal multilayered structures are key factors for highly sensitive pressure sensors. Nevertheless, current CHs lack environmental adaptability, multifunctional perception, and instrument portability, which seriously hinders their application as sensors. Here, waste collagen fibers (buffing dust of leather), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and gelatin (Gel) were used as the basic framework of the hydrogel, loaded with a conductive material (silver nanoparticles (BD-CQDs@AgNPs)) and an anti-freezing moisturizer (glycerol (Gly)), resulting in a multifunctional conductive organohydrogel (BPGC-Gly). As a temperature and humidity sensor, it demonstrated an excellent temperature response range (-20-60 °C) and was capable of rapid response (2.4 s) and recovery (1.6 s) to human breathing. As a strain/pressure sensor, it allowed real-time monitoring of human movement and had a high low-pressure sensitivity (S = 4.26 kPa-1, 0-12.5 kPa). Interestingly, BPGC-Gly could also be used as a portable bioelectrode or the acquisition, monitoring and analysis of EMG/ECG signals. In this work, BPGC-Gly was assembled with wireless transmission to achieve multimodal heath detection, which opens new avenues for multi-responsive CHs, comprehensive human health monitoring and next-generation wearable electronic skin (e-skin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen He
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jialu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Maohua Lan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haibin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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4
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Zhan W, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Ye Z, Li B, Zhang C, Yang Z, Xue L, Zhang Z, Ma F, Peng N, Lyu Y, Su Y, Liu M, Zhang X. Flexible iontronics with super stretchability, toughness and enhanced conductivity based on collaborative design of high-entropy topology and multivalent ion-dipole interactions. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38899460 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
All-solid-state ionic conductive elastomers (ASSICEs) are emerging as a promising alternative to hydrogels and ionogels in flexible electronics. Nevertheless, the synthesis of ASSICEs with concomitant mechanical robustness, superior ionic conductivity, and cost-effective recyclability poses a formidable challenge, primarily attributed to the inherent contradiction between mechanical strength and ionic conductivity. Herein, we present a collaborative design of high-entropy topological network and multivalent ion-dipole interaction for ASSICEs, and successfully mitigate the contradiction between mechanical robustness and ionic conductivity. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of this design, the coordination, de-coordination, and intrachain transfer of Li+ are effectively boomed. The resultant ASSICEs display exceptional mechanical robustness (breaking strength: 7.45 MPa, fracture elongation: 2621%, toughness: 107.19 MJ m-3) and impressive ionic conductivity (1.15 × 10-2 S m-1 at 25 °C). Furthermore, these ASSICEs exhibit excellent environmental stability (fracture elongation exceeding 1400% at 50 °C or -60 °C) and recyclability. Significantly, the application of these ASSICEs in a strain sensor highlights their potential in various fields, including human-interface communication, aerospace vacuum measurement, and medical balloon monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, P. R. China.
| | - Jianrui Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Spin Quantum Sensor Chips, Universities of Shaanxi Province, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Zhilu Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, P. R. China.
| | - Boyang Li
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, P. R. China.
| | - Zihao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, P. R. China.
| | - Li Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, P. R. China.
| | - Zeying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Ma
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Niancai Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, School of Instrument Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yi Lyu
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yaqiong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Spin Quantum Sensor Chips, Universities of Shaanxi Province, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Spin Quantum Sensor Chips, Universities of Shaanxi Province, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, P. R. China.
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5
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Mo F, Zhou P, Lin S, Zhong J, Wang Y. A Review of Conductive Hydrogel-Based Wearable Temperature Sensors. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401503. [PMID: 38857480 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogel has garnered significant attention as an emergent candidate for diverse wearable sensors, owing to its remarkable and tailorable properties such as flexibility, biocompatibility, and strong electrical conductivity. These attributes make it highly suitable for various wearable sensor applications (e.g., biophysical, bioelectrical, and biochemical sensors) that can monitor human health conditions and provide timely interventions. Among these applications, conductive hydrogel-based wearable temperature sensors are especially important for healthcare and disease surveillance. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of conductive hydrogel-based wearable temperature sensors. First, this work summarizes different types of conductive fillers-based hydrogel, highlighting their recent developments and advantages as wearable temperature sensors. Next, this work discusses the sensing characteristics of conductive hydrogel-based wearable temperature sensors, focusing on sensitivity, dynamic stability, stretchability, and signal output. Then, state-of-the-art applications are introduced, ranging from body temperature detection and wound temperature detection to disease monitoring. Finally, this work identifies the remaining challenges and prospects facing this field. By addressing these challenges with potential solutions, this review hopes to shed some light on future research and innovations in this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Mo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Shihong Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Junwen Zhong
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
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6
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Kalulu M, Chilikwazi B, Hu J, Fu G. Soft Actuators and Actuation: Design, Synthesis, and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400282. [PMID: 38850266 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Soft actuators are one of the most promising technological advancements with potential solutions to diverse fields' day-to-day challenges. Soft actuators derived from hydrogel materials possess unique features such as flexibility, responsiveness to stimuli, and intricate deformations, making them ideal for soft robotics, artificial muscles, and biomedical applications. This review provides an overview of material composition and design techniques for hydrogel actuators, exploring 3D printing, photopolymerization, cross-linking, and microfabrication methods for improved actuation. It examines applications of hydrogel actuators in biomedical, soft robotics, bioinspired systems, microfluidics, lab-on-a-chip devices, and environmental, and energy systems. Finally, it discusses challenges, opportunities, advancements, and regulatory aspects related to hydrogel actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulenga Kalulu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Bright Chilikwazi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Jun Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189, P. R. China
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7
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Xie T, Ou F, Ning C, Tuo L, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Pan W, Li Z, Gao W. Dual-network carboxymethyl chitosan conductive hydrogels for multifunctional sensors and high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121960. [PMID: 38494218 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
With the development of technology, there is a growing demand for wearable electronics that can fulfill different application scenarios. Hydrogel-based sensors are considered ideal candidates for realizing multifunctional wearable flexible devices. However, there are great challenges in preparing hydrogel-based sensors with both superior mechanical and electrical properties. Herein, we report a composite conductive hydrogel prepared by using a dynamically crosslinked carboxymethyl chitosan network and a covalently crosslinked polymer network, and carboxylated carbon nanotubes as conductive filler. The carboxymethyl chitosan-based hydrogels had excellent mechanical properties and strength (tensile strength of 475.4 kPa, and compressive strength of 1.9 MPa) and ultra-high conductivity (0.19 S·cm-1). Based on the above characteristics, the hydrogel could accurately identify the movement signals of the human body and different writing signals, and achieve encrypted transmission of signals, broadening the application scenarios. In addition, a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was fabricated based on the hydrogel, which had an outstanding output performance with open-circuit voltage of 336 V, short-circuit current of 18 μA, transferred charge of 52 nC and maximum power density of 340 mW·m-2, and could power small devices. This work is expected to provide new ideas for the development of self-powered, multi-functional wearable, and flexible polysaccharide-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for High Quality Structural Panels from Biomass Wastes, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fangyan Ou
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for High Quality Structural Panels from Biomass Wastes, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chuang Ning
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for High Quality Structural Panels from Biomass Wastes, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Liang Tuo
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Blue Energy and Systems Integration, School of Physical Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for High Quality Structural Panels from Biomass Wastes, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yi Gao
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for High Quality Structural Panels from Biomass Wastes, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenyu Pan
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for High Quality Structural Panels from Biomass Wastes, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zequan Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for High Quality Structural Panels from Biomass Wastes, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for High Quality Structural Panels from Biomass Wastes, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China.
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8
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Liu J, Qiu Z, Kan H, Guan T, Zhou C, Qian K, Wang C, Li Y. Incorporating Machine Learning Strategies to Smart Gloves Enabled by Dual-Network Hydrogels for Multitask Control and User Identification. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1886-1895. [PMID: 38529839 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Smart gloves are often used in human-computer interaction scenarios due to their portability and ease of integration. However, their application in the field of information security has been less studied. Herein, we propose a smart glove using an iontronic capacitive sensor with significant pressure-sensing performance. Besides, an operator interface has been developed to match the smart glove, which is capable of multitasking integration of mouse movement, music playback, game control, and message typing in Internet chat rooms by capturing and encoding finger-tapping movements. In addition, by integrating machine learning, we can mine the characteristics of individual behavioral habits contained in the sensor signals and, based on this, achieve a deep binding of the user to the smart glove. The proposed smart glove can greatly facilitate people's lives, as well as explore a new strategy in research on the application of smart gloves in data security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Liu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing University of Jinan Jinan 250022, China
| | - Zhicheng Qiu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing University of Jinan Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hao Kan
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing University of Jinan Jinan 250022, China
| | - Tao Guan
- Sansan Intelligence Technology (Rizhao) Co., LTD, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Changyang Zhou
- Sansan Intelligence Technology (Rizhao) Co., LTD, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Kai Qian
- School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing University of Jinan Jinan 250022, China
- School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
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9
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Wu X, Qi Z, Yang K, Yang G, Cai H, Han X. Lignin reinforced tough, adhesive, and recoverable protein organohydrogels for wearable strain sensing under sub-zero temperatures. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130305. [PMID: 38382788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Protein-based hydrogels with promising biocompatibility and biodegradability have attracted considerable interest in areas of epidermal sensing, whereas, which are still difficult to synchronously possess high mechanical strength, self-adhesion, and recoverability. Hence, the bio-polymer lignosulfonate-reinforced gluten organohydrogels (GOHLx) are fabricated through green and simple food-making processes and the following solvent exchange with glycerol/water binary solution. Ascribing to the uniform distribution of lignosulfonate in gluten networks, as well as the noncovalent interactions (e.g., H-bond) between them, the resultant GOHLx exhibit favorable conductivity (∼14.3 × 10-4 S m-1), toughness (∼711.0 kJ m-3), self-adhesion (a maximal lap-shear strength of ∼33.5 kPa), high sensitivity (GF up to ∼3.04), and durability (∼3000 cycles) toward shape deformation, which are suitable for the detection of both drastic (e.g., elbow and wrist bending) and subtle (e.g., swallowing and speaking) human movements even under -20 °C. Furthermore, the GOHLx is also biocompatible, degradable, and recoverable (by a simple kneading process). Thus, this work may pave a simple, green, and cheap way to prepare all-biomass-based, tough, sticky, and recoverable protein-based organohydrogels for epidermal strain sensing even in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Wu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qi
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Keyan Yang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Guorui Yang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Hongzhen Cai
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, 255000, China.
| | - Xiangsheng Han
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, 255000, China.
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10
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Khan SA, Ahmad H, Zhu G, Pang H, Zhang Y. Three-Dimensional Printing of Hydrogels for Flexible Sensors: A Review. Gels 2024; 10:187. [PMID: 38534605 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The remarkable flexibility and heightened sensitivity of flexible sensors have drawn significant attention, setting them apart from traditional sensor technology. Within this domain, hydrogels-3D crosslinked networks of hydrophilic polymers-emerge as a leading material for the new generation of flexible sensors, thanks to their unique material properties. These include structural versatility, which imparts traits like adhesiveness and self-healing capabilities. Traditional templating-based methods fall short of tailor-made applications in crafting flexible sensors. In contrast, 3D printing technology stands out with its superior fabrication precision, cost-effectiveness, and satisfactory production efficiency, making it a more suitable approach than templating-based strategies. This review spotlights the latest hydrogel-based flexible sensors developed through 3D printing. It begins by categorizing hydrogels and outlining various 3D-printing techniques. It then focuses on a range of flexible sensors-including those for strain, pressure, pH, temperature, and biosensors-detailing their fabrication methods and applications. Furthermore, it explores the sensing mechanisms and concludes with an analysis of existing challenges and prospects for future research breakthroughs in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Ayoub Khan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hamza Ahmad
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Guoyin Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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11
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Zheng W, Zhang N, Murtaza G, Meng Z, Wu L, Qiu L. Naked-Eye Visual Thermometer Based on Glycerol─Nonclose-Packed Photonic Crystals for Real-Time Temperature Sensing and Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38417142 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Real-time sensing and monitoring of temperature are of great significance for assessing human health. The sensitivity and stability are inevitable issues for thermometers. In this study, a thermometer with the cylindrical thermochromic hydrogel was prepared for real-time visual monitoring of temperature, which had excellent temperature sensitivity, angle-independence axially, and environmental stability. The customization of their initial optical properties depended on the PMMA concentrations and the content of the hydrogel monomer. The glycerol introduced with solvent displacement formed hydrogen bonds with the hydrogel network, which stabilized their mechanical properties, and the reflection peak blue-shifted from 653 to 499 nm when tensile strain was 57.85%. At the same time, the environmental stability originated from the moisturizing properties of the glycerol, which enabled the hydrogel to reliably transmit the information on temperature into the air without losing moisture. The reflection peak of the cylindrical thermochromic hydrogel shifted from 657 to 455 nm when the temperature increased from 22 to 45 °C, which realized temperature visual monitoring in the full-color range. The temperature sensitivity of the glycerol─nonclose-packed photonic crystals remained stable for 1 month, which provided an optimal option for continuous visual temperature monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis & Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihui Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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12
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Cao J, Wu B, Yuan P, Liu Y, Hu C. Progress of Research on Conductive Hydrogels in Flexible Wearable Sensors. Gels 2024; 10:144. [PMID: 38391474 PMCID: PMC10887588 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels, characterized by their excellent conductivity and flexibility, have attracted widespread attention and research in the field of flexible wearable sensors. This paper reviews the application progress, related challenges, and future prospects of conductive hydrogels in flexible wearable sensors. Initially, the basic properties and classifications of conductive hydrogels are introduced. Subsequently, this paper discusses in detail the specific applications of conductive hydrogels in different sensor applications, such as motion detection, medical diagnostics, electronic skin, and human-computer interactions. Finally, the application prospects and challenges are summarized. Overall, the exceptional performance and multifunctionality of conductive hydrogels make them one of the most important materials for future wearable technologies. However, further research and innovation are needed to overcome the challenges faced and to realize the wider application of conductive hydrogels in flexible sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cao
- School of Fashion and Design Art, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yeqi Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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13
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Li R, Ren J, Zhang M, Li M, Li Y, Yang W. Highly Stretchable, Fast Self-Healing, Self-Adhesive, and Strain-Sensitive Wearable Sensor Based on Ionic Conductive Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:614-625. [PMID: 38241010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels integrate the conductive performance and soft nature, which is like that of human skin. Thus, they are more suitable for the preparation of wearable human-motion sensors. Nevertheless, the integration of outstanding multiple functionalities, such as stretchability, toughness, biocompatibility, self-healing, adhesion, strain sensitivity, and durability, by a simple way is still a huge challenge. Herein, we have developed a multifunctional chitosan/oxidized hyaluronic acid/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/poly(acrylic acid)/tannic acid/Al3+ hydrogel (CS/OHA/HPMC/PAA/TA/Al3+) by using a two-step method with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), acrylic acid (AA), tannic acid (TA), chitosan (CS), oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA), and aluminum chloride hexahydrate (AlCl3·6H2O). Due to the synergistic effect of dynamic imine bonds between CS and OHA, dynamic metal coordination bonds between Al3+ and -COOH and/or TA as well as reversible hydrogen, the hydrogel showed excellent tensile property (elongation at break of 3168%) and desirable toughness (0.79 MJ/m3). The mechanical self-healing efficiency can reach 95.5% at 30 min, and the conductivity can recover in 5.2 s at room temperature without stimulation. The favorable attribute of high transparency (98.5% transmittance) facilitates the transmission of the optical signal and enables visualization of the sensor. It also shows good adhesiveness to various materials and is easy to peel off without residue. The resistance of the hydrogel-based sensors shows good electrical conductivity (2.33 S m-1), good durability, high sensing sensitivity (GF value of 4.12 under 1600% strain), low detection limit (less than 1%), and short response/recovery time (0.54/0.31 s). It adhered to human skin and monitored human movements such as the bending movements of joints, swallowing, and speaking successfully. Therefore, the obtained multifunctional conductive hydrogel has great potential applications in wearable strain sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Li
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Jie Ren
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Minmin Zhang
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Meng Li
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Wu Yang
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
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14
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He S, Liu Z, Wu X, Liu J, Fang H, Shao W. Novel flexible hydrogels based on carboxymethyl guar gum and polyacrylic acid for ultra-highly sensitive and reliable strain and pressure sensors. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121515. [PMID: 37985099 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
To realize on stable and real-time monitoring of human activities, novel hydrogels using polyacrylic acid (PAA) and carboxymethyl guar gum (CMGG) were fabricated as wearable and flexible strain or pressure sensors in the presence of lignosulfonate (LS) and Al3+. Based on the co-existence of metal coordination bonds, hydrogen bonds and ionic interaction in this system, the obtained hydrogels exhibited desirable mechanical properties with good self-recovery ability. The hydrogels displayed good self-adhesion behavior and an ultra-high tensile sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) = 24.30), therefore, they could precisely detect human joints movements such as elbow, wrist, and finger bending as well as tiny movements and external stimuli such as swallowing, smile, frown, pulse, speaking, writing, and even the falling of different liquid drops. Additionally, the hydrogels showed excellent self-healing ability with the healing efficiency as high as 100 % after 30 h. Most importantly, the healed hydrogel could perform the same sensing performance as before. Based on these distinguished characteristics, this hydrogel represents great potentials in wearable and flexible sensors for long-term and stable health monitoring application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu He
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zeng Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hongli Fang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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15
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Cao X, Cao Q, Zhang T, Ji W, Muhammad U, Chen J, Wei Y. Hydrophobically Associated Hydrogel for High Sensitivity and Resolution of an Interdigital Electrode Pressure Sensor. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:143-154. [PMID: 38054613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based flexible strain sensors have been known for their excellent ability to convert different motions of humans into electrical signals, thus enabling real-time monitoring of various human health parameters. In this work, a composite hydrogel with hydrophobic association and hybrid cross-linking was fabricated by using polyacrylamide (PAm), surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), lauryl methacrylate (LMA), and polypyrrole (PPy). The dynamic dissociation-conjugation among LMA, SDS, and PPy could dissipate energy to improve the toughness of hydrogels. The SDS/PPy/LMPAm composite hydrogel with a toughness of 1.44 MJ/m3, tensile fracture stress of 345 kPa, tensile strain of 1021%, and electrical conductivity of 0.57 S/m was obtained. Furthermore, an interdigital electrode flexible pressure sensor was designed to replace the bipolar electrode flexible pressure sensor, which greatly improved the sensitivity and resolution of the pressure sensor. The SDS/PPy/LMPAm composite hydrogel-based interdigital electrode flexible pressure sensor showed extraordinary stability and identified different hand gestures as well as monitored the pulse signal of humans. Moreover, the characteristic systolic and diastolic peaks were clearly observed. The pulse frequency (65 times/min) and the radial artery augmentation index (0.57) were calculated, which are very important in evaluating the arterial vessel wall and function of human arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qinglong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Taoyi Zhang
- Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 14 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100014, China
| | - Wenxi Ji
- Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 14 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100014, China
| | - Usman Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 14 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100014, China
| | - Yun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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16
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Zhang Y, Tang Q, Zhou J, Zhao C, Li J, Wang H. Conductive and Eco-friendly Biomaterials-based Hydrogels for Noninvasive Epidermal Sensors: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:191-218. [PMID: 38052003 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
As noninvasive wearable electronic devices, epidermal sensors enable continuous, real-time, and remote monitoring of various human physiological parameters. Conductive biomaterials-based hydrogels as sensor matrix materials have good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and efficient stimulus response capabilities and are widely applied in motion monitoring, healthcare, and human-machine interaction. However, biomass hydrogel-based epidermal sensing devices still need excellent mechanical properties, prolonged stability, multifunctionality, and extensive practicality. Therefore, this paper reviews the common biomass hydrogel materials for epidermal sensing (proteins, polysaccharides, polyphenols, etc.) and the various types of noninvasive sensing devices (strain/pressure sensors, temperature sensors, glucose sensors, electrocardiograms, etc.). Moreover, this review focuses on the strategies of scholars to enhance sensor properties, such as strength, conductivity, stability, adhesion, and self-healing ability. This work will guide the preparation and optimization of high-performance biomaterials-based hydrogel epidermal sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qianhui Tang
- School of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
| | - Junyang Zhou
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chenghao Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jingpeng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Haiting Wang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
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17
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Liu J, Zhao W, Li J, Li C, Xu S, Sun Y, Ma Z, Zhao H, Ren L. Multimodal and flexible hydrogel-based sensors for respiratory monitoring and posture recognition. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 243:115773. [PMID: 37879270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The accurate monitoring of respiratory events and human motion states holds paramount importance in the realm of health surveillance and disease prognostication. An exquisitely precise, multifaceted, portable, and environmentally resilient sensor designed for health monitoring would undeniably be of utmost desirability, despite its persisting as a formidable challenge. Here, we propose a breath monitoring and posture recognition system that utilizes hydrogel electrolytes based on polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, and starch, suitable for supercapacitors and multimodal wearable sensors. The multimodal smart sensors can independently detect mechanical and thermal changes through the output signals of capacitance and resistance, respectively. Moreover, we have cultivated an artificial neural network to achieve a finger-pressing posture recognition accuracy of up to 99.259%. Our hydrogel sensors have also been successfully employed in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The flexible electronic device derived from this study exhibit a plethora of functionalities, thereby affording a novel perspective for the design and fabrication of advanced flexible electronic contrivances that find applications across diverse domains such as medicine and virtual reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jize Liu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Jiakai Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Chaofan Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Shuting Xu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Zhichao Ma
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China; Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China; Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China; Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China; Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China; Weihai Institute for Bionics-Jilin University, Weihai, 264400, China
| | - Luquan Ren
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China; Weihai Institute for Bionics-Jilin University, Weihai, 264400, China
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18
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Zhao R, Zhao Z, Song S, Wang Y. Multifunctional Conductive Double-Network Hydrogel Sensors for Multiscale Motion Detection and Temperature Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59854-59865. [PMID: 38095585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
As typical soft materials, hydrogels have demonstrated great potential for the fabrication of flexible sensors due to their highly compatible elastic modulus with human skin, prominent flexibility, and biocompatible three-dimensional network structure. However, the practical application of wearable hydrogel sensors is significantly constrained because of weak adhesion, limited stretchability, and poor self-healing properties of traditional hydrogels. Herein, a multifunctional sodium hyaluronate (SH)/borax (B)/gelatin (G) double-cross-linked conductive hydrogel (SBG) was designed and constructed through a simple one-pot blending strategy with SH and gelatin as the gel matrix and borax as the dynamic cross-linker. The obtained SBG hydrogels exhibited a moderate tensile strength of 25.3 kPa at a large elongation of 760%, high interfacial toughness (106.5 kJ m-3), strong adhesion (28 kPa to paper), and satisfactory conductivity (224.5 mS/m). In particular, the dynamic cross-linking between SH, gelatin, and borax via borate ester bonds and hydrogen bonds between SH and gelatin chain endowed the SBG hydrogels with good fatigue resistance (>300 cycles), rapid self-healing performance (HE (healing efficiency) ∼97.03%), and excellent repeatable adhesion. The flexible wearable sensor assembled with SBG hydrogels demonstrated desirable strain sensing performance with a competitive gauge factor and exceptional stability, which enabled it to detect and distinguish various multiscale human motions and physiological signals. Furthermore, the flexible sensor is capable of precisely perceiving temperature variation with a high thermal sensitivity (1.685% °C-1). As a result, the wearable sensor displayed dual sensory performance for temperature and strain deformation. It is envisioned that the integration of strain sensors and thermal sensors provide a novel and convenient strategy for the next generation of multisensory wearable electronics and lay a solid foundation for their application in electronic skin and soft actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Zengdian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore639798, Singapore
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19
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Cai Y, Fu X, Zhou Y, Lei L, Wang J, Zeng W, Yang Z. A hydrogel system for drug loading toward the synergistic application of reductive/heat-sensitive drugs. J Control Release 2023; 362:409-424. [PMID: 37666303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of hydrogels as drug carriers via radical-mediated polymerization has significant prospects, but the strong oxidizing ability of radicals and the high temperatures generated by the vigorous reactions limits the loading for reducing/heat-sensitive drugs. Herein, an applicable hydrogel synthesized by radical-mediated polymerization is reported for the loading and synergistic application of specific drugs. First, the desired sol is obtained by polymerizing functional monomers using a radical initiator, and then tannic-acid-assisted specific drug mediates sol-branched phenylboric acid group to form the required functional hydrogel (New-gel). Compared with the conventional single-step radical-mediated drug-loading hydrogel, the New-gel not only has better chemical/physical properties but also efficiently loads and releases drugs and maintains drug activity. Particularly, the New-gel has excellent loading capacity for oxygen, and exhibits significant practical therapeutic effects for diabetic wound repair. Furthermore, owing to its high light transmittance, the New-gel synergistically promotes the antibacterial effect of photosensitive drugs. This gelation strategy for loading drugs has further promising biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucen Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Fu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institution, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yingjuan Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Lin Lei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Weinan Zeng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institution, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Zhangyou Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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20
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Jiang D, Zheng M, Ma X, Zhang Y, Jiang S, Li J, Zhang C, Liu K, Li L. Rhodamine-Anchored Polyacrylamide Hydrogel for Fluorescent Naked-Eye Sensing of Fe 3. Molecules 2023; 28:6572. [PMID: 37764348 PMCID: PMC10537437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A fluorescent and colorimetric poly (acrylamide)-based copolymer probe P(AAm-co-RBNCH) has been designed via free radical polymerization of a commercial acrylamide monomer with a rhodamine-functionalized monomer RBNCH. Metal ion selectivity of RBNCH was investigated by fluorescence and colorimetric spectrophotometry. Upon addition of Fe3+, a visual color change from colorless to red and a large fluorescence enhancement were observed for the ring-opening of the rhodamine spirolactam mechanism. The monomer gives a sensitive method for quantitatively detecting Fe3+ in the linear range of 100-200 μM, with a limit of detection as low as 27 nM and exhibiting high selectivity for Fe3+ over 12 other metal ions. The hydrogel sensor was characterized by FTIR, and the effects of RBNCH amount on gel content and swelling properties were explored. According to the recipe of 1.0 mol% RBNCH to the total monomers, the fabricated hydrogel sensor displayed a good swelling property and reversibility performance and has potential for application in the imaging of Fe3+ level in industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jiang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.J.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Minghao Zheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.J.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaofan Ma
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Yingzhen Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.J.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Juanhua Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.J.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China;
| | - Kunming Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.J.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Liqing Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.J.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
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21
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Seo SW, Song Y, Mustakim N. Hydrogel Micropillar Array for Temperature Sensing in Fluid. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2023; 23:19021-19027. [PMID: 37664783 PMCID: PMC10471143 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2023.3293433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Localized temperature sensing and control on a micron-scale have diverse applications in biological systems. We present a micron-sized hydrogel pillar array as potential temperature probes and actuators by exploiting sensitive temperature dependence of their volume change. Soft lithography-based molding processes were presented to fabricate poly N-isopropyl acrylamide (p-NIPAAm)-based hydrogel pillar array on a glass substrate. Au nanorods as light-induced heating elements were embedded within the hydrogel pillars, and near-infrared (NIR) light was used to modulate temperature in a local area. First, static responses of the micro-pillar array were characterized as a function of its temperature. It was shown that the hydrogel had a sensitive volume transition near its low critical solution temperature (LCST). Furthermore, we showed that LCST could be readily adjusted by utilizing copolymerizing with acrylamide (AAM). To demonstrate the feasibility of spatiotemporal temperature mapping and modulation using the presented pillar array, pulsed NIR light was illuminated on a local area of the hydrogel pillar array, and its responses were recorded. Dynamic temperature change in water was mapped based on the abrupt volume change characteristics of the hydrogel pillar, and its potential actuation using NIR light was successfully demonstrated. Considering that the structure can be arrayed in a two-dimensional pixel format with high spatial resolution and high sensitive temperature characteristics, the presented method and the device structure can have diverse applications to change and sense local temperatures in liquid. This is particularly useful in biological systems, where their physiological temperature can be modulated and mapped with high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Woo Seo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of City University of New York, New York, NY 10031 USA
| | - Youngsik Song
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of City University of New York, New York, NY 10031 USA
| | - Nafis Mustakim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of City University of New York, New York, NY 10031 USA
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22
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Ullah R, Shah LA, Khan M, Ara L. Guar gum reinforced conductive hydrogel for strain sensing and electronic devices. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125666. [PMID: 37406904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobically associated conductive hydrogels got great attention due to their excellent properties like stretchability, energy dissipation mechanism, and strain sensor. But hydrophobically associated hydrogels have poor mechanical properties and time response to external stimuli. To enhance the mechanical properties and response to stimuli, Acrylamide- co-Butyl acrylate/Gum based conductive hydrogels were prepared. SDS works as a cross-linker and micelle-forming agent while NaCl makes hydrogel as conductive. The results show that our % strain sensing reached up to 400 %, and fracture stress and fracture strain reached to 0.5 MPa and 401 % respectively. Besides this, it's having an excellent response to continuous stretching and unstretching multiple cycles without any fracture up to 180 s and an excellent time response of 190 s. The conductivity of the hydrogel was 0.20 Sm-1. The hydrophobic hydrogels showed a clear and quick response to human motions like finger, wresting, writing, speaking, etc. Interestingly, our prepared hydrogels can detect the mood of the human face. Similarly, the hydrogels were found efficient in bridging the surface of electronic devices with human skin. This indicates that our prepared hydrogels can monitor human body motion and will replace the existing materials used in strain sensors in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafi Ullah
- Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Luqman Ali Shah
- Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Mansoor Khan
- Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Latafat Ara
- Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
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23
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Omidian H, Chowdhury SD. High-Performing Conductive Hydrogels for Wearable Applications. Gels 2023; 9:549. [PMID: 37504428 PMCID: PMC10379850 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have gained significant attention for their extensive applications in healthcare monitoring, wearable sensors, electronic devices, soft robotics, energy storage, and human-machine interfaces. To address the limitations of conductive hydrogels, researchers are focused on enhancing properties such as sensitivity, mechanical strength, electrical performance at low temperatures, stability, antibacterial properties, and conductivity. Composite materials, including nanoparticles, nanowires, polymers, and ionic liquids, are incorporated to improve the conductivity and mechanical strength. Biocompatibility and biosafety are emphasized for safe integration with biological tissues. Conductive hydrogels exhibit unique properties such as stretchability, self-healing, wet adhesion, anti-freezing, transparency, UV-shielding, and adjustable mechanical properties, making them suitable for specific applications. Researchers aim to develop multifunctional hydrogels with antibacterial characteristics, self-healing capabilities, transparency, UV-shielding, gas-sensing, and strain-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Omidian
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Sumana Dey Chowdhury
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
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24
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Zhang J, Liang Y, Deng Z, Xu H, Zhang H, Guo B, Zhang J. Adhesive Ion-Conducting Hydrogel Strain Sensor with High Sensitivity, Long-Term Stability, and Extreme Temperature Tolerance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37319345 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ion-conducting hydrogels with excellent flexibility and ductility have great potential in human movements monitoring. However, some obstacles, including a small detection range, low sensitivity, low electrical conductivity, and poor stability under extreme conditions, impede their use as sensors. Herein, an ion-conducting hydrogel comprising acrylamide (AM), lauryl methacrylate (LMA), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), and a water/glycerol binary solvent (named the AM-LMA-AMPS-LiCl (water/glycerol) hydrogel) is designed, which exhibits an enlarged detection range of 0%-1823% and improved transparency. Notably, the ion channel constructed using AMPS and LiCl significantly improves the sensitivity (gauge factor = 22.15 ± 2.86) of the hydrogel. The water/glycerol binary solvent endows the hydrogel with electrical and mechanical stability under extreme conditions (70 and -80 °C). Furthermore, the AM-LMA-AMPS-LiCl (water/glycerol) hydrogel exhibits antifatigue properties for 10 cycles (0%-1000%) because of noncovalent interactions such as hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. The hydrogel can be used to monitor human movements such as joint bending and perceive subtle discrepancies such as different joint bending speeds and angles, showing its great potential application in human movement monitoring, electronic skin, and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaodi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yuqing Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zexing Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Huiru Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hualei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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25
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Yao P, Bao Q, Yao Y, Xiao M, Xu Z, Yang J, Liu W. Environmentally Stable, Robust, Adhesive, and Conductive Supramolecular Deep Eutectic Gels as Ultrasensitive Flexible Temperature Sensor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300114. [PMID: 36847514 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It is essential and of great significance to impart high mechanical performance, environmental stability, and high sensitivity to emerging flexible temperature sensors. In this work, polymerizable deep eutectic solvents are designed and prepared by simply mixing N-cyanomethyl acrylamide (NCMA) containing an amide group and a cyano group in the same side chain with lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (LiTFSI), and obtain supramolecular deep eutectic polyNCMA/LiTFSI gels after polymerization. These supramolecular gels exhibit excellent mechanical performance (tensile strength of 12.9 MPa and fracture energy of 45.3 kJ m-2 ), strong adhesion force, high-temperature responsiveness, self-healing ability, and shape memory behavior due to the reversible reconstruction ability of amide hydrogen bonds and cyano-cyano dipole-dipole interactions in the gel network. In addition, the gels also demonstrate good environmental stability and 3D printability. To verify its application potential as a flexible temperature sensor, the polyNCMA/LiTFSI gel-based wireless temperature monitor is developed and displays outstanding thermal sensitivity (8.4%/K) over a wide detection range. The preliminary result also suggests the promising potential of PNCMA gel as a pressure sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puqing Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qiwen Bao
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ziyang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jianhai Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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26
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Li J, Ding Q, Wang H, Wu Z, Gui X, Li C, Hu N, Tao K, Wu J. Engineering Smart Composite Hydrogels for Wearable Disease Monitoring. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:105. [PMID: 37060483 PMCID: PMC10105367 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Growing health awareness triggers the public's concern about health problems. People want a timely and comprehensive picture of their condition without frequent trips to the hospital for costly and cumbersome general check-ups. The wearable technique provides a continuous measurement method for health monitoring by tracking a person's physiological data and analyzing it locally or remotely. During the health monitoring process, different kinds of sensors convert physiological signals into electrical or optical signals that can be recorded and transmitted, consequently playing a crucial role in wearable techniques. Wearable application scenarios usually require sensors to possess excellent flexibility and stretchability. Thus, designing flexible and stretchable sensors with reliable performance is the key to wearable technology. Smart composite hydrogels, which have tunable electrical properties, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and multi-stimulus sensitivity, are one of the best sensitive materials for wearable health monitoring. This review summarizes the common synthetic and performance optimization strategies of smart composite hydrogels and focuses on the current application of smart composite hydrogels in the field of wearable health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuchun Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunwei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Qu M, Lv Y, Ge J, Zhang B, Wu Y, Shen L, Liu Q, Yan M, He J. Hydrophobic and Multifunctional Strain, Pressure and Temperature Sensor Based on TPU/SiO2-ILs Ionogel for Human motion monitoring, Liquid Drop Monitoring, Underwater Applications. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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28
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Zhang H, Zhang D, Wang Z, Xi G, Mao R, Ma Y, Wang D, Tang M, Xu Z, Luan H. Ultrastretchable, Self-Healing Conductive Hydrogel-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Human-Computer Interaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5128-5138. [PMID: 36658100 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of wearable electronic devices and virtual reality technology has revived interest in flexible sensing and control devices. Here, we report an ionic hydrogel (PTSM) prepared from polypropylene amine (PAM), tannic acid (TA), sodium alginate (SA), and MXene. Based on the multiple weak H-bonds, this hydrogel exhibits excellent stretchability (strain >4600%), adhesion, and self-healing. The introduction of MXene nanosheets endows the hydrogel sensor with a high gauge factor (GF) of 6.6. Meanwhile, it also enables triboelectric nanogenerators (PTSM-TENGs) fabricated from silicone rubber-encapsulated hydrogels to have excellent energy harvesting efficiency, with an instantaneous output power density of 54.24 mW/m2. We build a glove-based human-computer interaction (HMI) system using PTSM-TENGs. The multidimensional signal features of PTSM-TENG are extracted and analyzed by the HMI system, and the functions of gesture visualization and robot hand control are realized. In addition, triboelectric signals can be used for object recognition with the help of machine learning techniques. The glove based on PTSM-TENG achieves the classification and recognition of five objects through contact, with an accuracy rate of 98.7%. Therefore, strain sensors and triboelectric nanogenerators based on hydrogels have broad application prospects in man-machine interface, intelligent recognition systems, auxiliary control systems, and other fields due to their excellent stretchable and high self-healing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Zihu Wang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Guangshuai Xi
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Ruiyuan Mao
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Yanhua Ma
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Dongyue Wang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Mingcong Tang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Zhenyuan Xu
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Huixin Luan
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
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29
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Zhao X, Guo J, Wang J, Yan Y. A Metal Nanoparticle Thermistor with the Beta Value of 10 000 K. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205136. [PMID: 36464646 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The thermistor, typically made from metallic oxides, is a type of resistor whose electrical resistance is dependent on its temperature. Despite the wide usage, the limitations of ceramic thermistors become increasingly apparent as devices with improved performances are sought and as new applications emerge. Herein, a thermistor that is showed with a beta (B) value of 10 000 K can be made exclusively from metal nanoparticles functionalized with charged organic ligands. This B value is hard to achieve for ceramic devices, which is due to the increase of effective counterion concentration and its mobility upon thermal activation. Importantly, the performance of the nanoparticle thermistor is maintained when it is fabricated on a flexible substrate and experiences reversible bending. Demos of thermistor arrays for heat transfer, distribution, and comparison of their performance with commercial products are also demonstrated. Owing to the low temperature and simple casting process, conformably flexible characteristics, stable solid states, and ultra-high sensitivities, this device is expected to be practically used soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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30
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Ji G, Chen Z, Li H, Awuye DE, Guan M, Zhu Y. Electrospinning-Based Biosensors for Health Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:876. [PMID: 36291013 PMCID: PMC9599869 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many different biosensors are being used to monitor physical health. Electrospun nanofiber materials have the advantages of high specific surface area, large porosity and simple operation. These properties play a vital role in biosensors. However, the mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibers are poor relative to other techniques of nanofiber production. At the same time, the organic solvents used in electrospinning are generally toxic and expensive. Meanwhile, the excellent performance of electrospun nanofibers brings about higher levels of sensitivity and detection range of biosensors. This paper summarizes the principle and application of electrospinning technology in biosensors and its comparison with other technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojing Ji
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
- Wuhu Innovation New Materials Co., Ltd., Wuhu 241080, China
| | - Desire Emefa Awuye
- Department of Minerals and Materials Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa 03123, Ghana
| | - Mengdi Guan
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Yingbao Zhu
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
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31
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Nan X, Wang X, Kang T, Zhang J, Dong L, Dong J, Xia P, Wei D. Review of Flexible Wearable Sensor Devices for Biomedical Application. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1395. [PMID: 36144018 PMCID: PMC9505309 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
With the development of cross-fertilisation in various disciplines, flexible wearable sensing technologies have emerged, bringing together many disciplines, such as biomedicine, materials science, control science, and communication technology. Over the past few years, the development of multiple types of flexible wearable devices that are widely used for the detection of human physiological signals has proven that flexible wearable devices have strong biocompatibility and a great potential for further development. These include electronic skin patches, soft robots, bio-batteries, and personalised medical devices. In this review, we present an updated overview of emerging flexible wearable sensor devices for biomedical applications and a comprehensive summary of the research progress and potential of flexible sensors. First, we describe the selection and fabrication of flexible materials and their excellent electrochemical properties. We evaluate the mechanisms by which these sensor devices work, and then we categorise and compare the unique advantages of a variety of sensor devices from the perspective of in vitro and in vivo sensing, as well as some exciting applications in the human body. Finally, we summarise the opportunities and challenges in the field of flexible wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Nan
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Tongtong Kang
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lanxiao Dong
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jinfeng Dong
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Peng Xia
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Donglai Wei
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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