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Ye L, Wu J, Catalán-Gómez S, Yuan L, Sun R, Chen R, Liu Z, Ulloa JM, Hierro A, Guo P, Zhou Y, Wang H. Superoxide radical derived metal-free spiro-OMeTAD for highly stable perovskite solar cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7889. [PMID: 39256386 PMCID: PMC11387419 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lithium salt-doped spiro-OMeTAD is widely used as a hole-transport layer (HTL) for high-efficiency n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but unfortunately facing awkward instability for commercialization arising from the intrinsic Li+ migration and hygroscopicity. We herein demonstrate a superoxide radicals (•O2-) derived HTL of metal-free spiro-OMeTAD with remarkable capability of avoiding the conventional tedious oxidation treatment in air for highly stable PSCs. Present work explores the employing of variant-valence Eu(TFSI)2 salts that could generate •O2- for facile and adequate pre-oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD, resulting in the HTL with dramatically increased conductivity and work function. Comparing to devices adopting HTL with LiTFSI doping, the •O2--derived spiro-OMeTAD increases the PSCs efficiency up to 25.45% and 20.76% for 0.05 cm2 active area and 6 × 6 cm2 module, respectively. State-of-art PSCs employing such metal-free HTLs are also demonstrated to show much-improved environmental stability even under harsh conditions, e.g., maintaining over 90% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h of operation at the maximum power point and after 80 light-thermal cycles under simulated low earth orbit conditions, respectively, indicating the potentials of developing metal-free spiro-OMeTAD for low-cost and shortened processing of perovskite photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China
| | - Jiahao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China
| | | | - Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China
| | - Riming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China
| | - Ruihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China
| | | | - Adrian Hierro
- ISOM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pengfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China.
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China.
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Chang Q, Yun Y, Cao K, Yao W, Huang X, He P, Shen Y, Zhao Z, Chen M, Li C, Wu B, Yin J, Zhao Z, Li J, Zheng N. Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Modules Based on FcPF 6 Engineered Spiro-OMeTAD Hole Transporting Layer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2406296. [PMID: 39233551 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Li-TFSI doped spiro-OMeTAD is widely recognized as a beneficial hole transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), contributing to high device efficiencies. However, the uncontrolled migration of lithium ions (Li+) during device operation has impeded its broad adoption in scalable and stable photovoltaic modules. Herein, an additive strategy is proposed by employing ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate (FcPF6) as a relay medium to enhance the hole extraction capability of the spiro-OMeTAD via the instant oxidation function. Besides, the novel Fc-Li interaction effectively restricts the movement of Li+. Simultaneously, the dissociative hexafluorophosphate group is cleverly exploited to regulate the unstable iodide species on the perovskite surface, further inhibiting the formation of migration channels and stabilizing the interfaces. This modification leads to power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) reaching 22.13% and 20.27% in 36 cm2 (active area of 18 cm2) and 100 cm2 (active area of 56 cm2) perovskite solar modules (PSMs), respectively, with exceptional operational stability obtained for over 1000 h under the ISOS-L-1 procedure. The novel FcPF6-based engineering approach is pivotal for advancing the industrialization of PSCs, particularly those relying on high-performance spiro-OMeTAD- based HTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yikai Yun
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenlong Yao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Peng He
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhengjing Zhao
- Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Mengyu Chen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Future Display Institute of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Future Display Institute of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Binghui Wu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhao
- Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Jing Li
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Liang X, Ming Y, Lee SH, Fu G, Lee SU, Kim TI, Zhang H, Park NG. Degassing 4- tert-Butylpyridine in the Spiro-MeOTAD Film Improves the Thermal Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32147-32159. [PMID: 38864112 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The organic molecular 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(4,4'-dimethoxy-3-methyldiphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-MeOTAD) is known as a typical hole transport material in the development of an all-solid-state perovskite solar cell (PSC). Spiro-MeOTAD requires additives of lithium bifurflimide (LiTFSI) and 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) to increase the conductivity and solubility for enhancing the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. However, those additives have an adverse effect on the thermal stability. We report on the origin of instability of additive-containing Spiro-MeOTAD at 85 °C and the methodology to solve the thermal instability. We have found that the interaction of LiTFSI with the underneath perovskite surface facilitated by diffusive tBP is responsible for thermal degradation. Degasification of tBP from the Spiro-MeOTAD film is found to be the key to achieving thermally stable PSCs, where the optimal degassing process achieves 90% of the initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) at 85 °C after 1000 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ming
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Guiming Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Elawad M, Elbashir AA, Sajid M, John KI, Nimir H, Yang L, Ziyada AK, Osman A, Rajab F. Metal complex as p-type dopant-based organic spiro-OMeTAD hole-transporting material for free-Li-TFSI perovskite solar cells. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:044707. [PMID: 38284656 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI) is an efficient p-dopant that has been used to enhance the conductivity of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the performance of the corresponding devices is still not satisfactory due to the impact of Li-TFSI on the fill factor and the short-circuit current density of these PSCs. Herein, a new Mn complex [(Mn(Me-tpen)(ClO4)2-)]2+ was introduced as a p-type dopant into spiro-OMeTAD and was successfully applied as a hole transport material (HTM) for PSCs. Analytical studies used for device characterization included scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, current-voltage (IV) characteristics, incident photon to current efficiency, power conversion efficiency (PCE), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The UV-Vis spectra displayed oxidation in the HTM by the addition of a dopant. Moreover, the movement of electrons from the higher orbital of the spiro-OMeTAD to the dopant stimulates the generation of the hole carriers in the HTM, enhancing its conductivity with outstanding long-term stability under mild conditions in a humid (RH ∼ 30%) environment. The incorporation of the Mn complex into the composite improved the material's properties and the stability of the fabricated devices. The Mn complex as a p-type dopant for spiro-OMeTAD exhibits a perceptible PCE of 16.39% with an enhanced conductivity of 98.13%. This finding may pave a rational way for developing efficient and stable PSCs in real environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Elawad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Omdurman Islamic University, P.O. Box 382, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Abdalla A Elbashir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Yibin University, 64400 Yibin, Sichuan, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Kingsley Igenepo John
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
- Lab of Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Veritas University Abuja, PMB 5171, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Hassan Nimir
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Li Yang
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Yibin University, 64400 Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Abobakr K Ziyada
- Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, P.O. Box 10099, Jubail Industrial City 31961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbagi Osman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd Rajab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
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Ahn N, Choi M. Towards Long-Term Stable Perovskite Solar Cells: Degradation Mechanisms and Stabilization Techniques. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306110. [PMID: 37997198 PMCID: PMC10811515 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
It is certain that perovskite materials must be a game-changer in the solar industry as long as their stability reaches a level comparable with the lifetime of a commercialized Si photovoltaic. However, the operational stability of perovskite solar cells and modules still remains unresolved, especially when devices operate in practical energy-harvesting modes represented by maximum power point tracking under 1 sun illumination at ambient conditions. This review article covers from fundamental aspects of perovskite instability including chemical decomposition pathways under light soaking and electrical bias, to recent advances and techniques that effectively prevent such degradation of perovskite solar cells and modules. In particular, fundamental causes for permanent degradation due to ion migration and trapped charges are overviewed and explain their interplay between ions and charges. Based on the degradation mechanism, recent advances on the strategies are discussed to slow down the degradation during operation for a practical use of perovskite-based solar devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namyoung Ahn
- Chemistry DivisionLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87544USA
| | - Mansoo Choi
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy SystemsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
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Nishimura N, Tachibana H, Katoh R, Kanda H, Murakami TN. Archetype-Cation-Based Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid: Aliphatic Primary Ammonium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as a Highly Functional Additive for a Hole Transport Material in Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44859-44866. [PMID: 37688539 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have attracted significant attention owing to their unique nature and a variety of potential applications. The archetypal RTIL comprising an aliphatic primary ammonium was discovered over a century ago, but this cation is seldom used in modern RTILs because other bulky cations (e.g., quaternary ammonium-, pyridine-, and imidazole-based cations) are prominent in current major applications, such as electrolytes and solvents, which require low and/or reversible reactivities. However, although the design of materials should change according to the intended application, RTIL designs remain conventional even when applied in unexplored fields, limiting their functions. Herein, RTIL consisting of an archetypal aliphatic primary ammonium (i.e., n-octylammonium: OA) cation and a modern bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anion is proposed and demonstrated as a highly functional additive for a 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), which is the most common hole transport material (HTM), in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The OA-TFSI additive exhibits prominent functions via permanent reactions of the component ions with the PSC components, thus providing several advantages. The OA cations spontaneously and densely passivate the perovskite layer during the HTM deposition process, leading to both suppression of carrier recombination at the HTM/perovskite interface and hydrophobic perovskite surfaces. Meanwhile, the TFSI anions effectively improve the HTM function most likely via efficient stabilization of the Spiro-OMeTAD radical, enhancing hole collection properties in the PSCs. Consequently, PSC performances involving long-term stability were significantly improved using the OA-TFSI additive. Based on the present results, this study advocates that reconsidering the RTIL design, even when it differs from the current major designs yet is suitable for a target application, can provide functions superior to conventional ones. The insights obtained in this work will spur further study of RTIL designs and aid the development of the broad materials science field including PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Nishimura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tachibana
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Ryuzi Katoh
- College of Engineering, Nihon University, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8642, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kanda
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takurou N Murakami
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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Yeşil T, Mutlu A, Siyahjani Gültekin S, Günel ZG, Zafer C. Enhanced Hole Mobility of p-Type Materials by Molecular Engineering for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27784-27793. [PMID: 37546613 PMCID: PMC10399180 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Star-shaped triazatruxene derivative hole-transporting materials (HTMs), namely, 3,8,13-tris(4-(8a,9a-dihydro-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)-5,10,15-trihexyl-10,15-dihydro-5H-diindolo[3,2-a:3',2'-c]carbazole (TAT-TY1) and 3,8,13-tris(4-(8a,9a-dihydro-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)-5,10,15-trihexyl-10,15-dihydro-5H-diindolo[3,2-a:3',2'-c]carbazole (TAT-TY2), containing electron-rich triazatruxene cores and donor carbazole moieties, were synthesized and successfully used in triple-cation perovskite solar cells. All the HTMs were obtained from relatively inexpensive precursor materials using well-known synthesis procedures and uncomplicated purification steps. All the HTMs, including the 5,10,15-trihexyl-10,15-dihydro-5H-diindolo[3,2-a:3',2'-c]carbazole (TAT-H) main core, had suitable highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) for perovskite (TAT-H: -5.15 eV, TAT-TY1: -5.17 eV, and TAT-TY2: -5.2 eV). Steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence results revealed that hole transport from the valence band of the perovskite into the HOMO of the new triazatruxene derivatives was more efficient than with TAT-H. Furthermore, the substitution of n-hexylcarbazole and 9-phenylcarbazole in triazatruxene altered the crystalline nature of the main core, resulting in a smooth and pinhole-free thin-film morphology. As a result, the hole mobilities of TAT-TY1 and TAT-TY2 were measured to be one order of magnitude higher than that of TAT-H. Finally, TAT-TY1 and TAT-TY2 achieved power conversion efficiencies of up to 17.5 and 16.3%, respectively, compared to the reference Spiro-OMeTAD. These results demonstrate that the new star-shaped triazatruxene derivative HTMs can be synthesized without using complicated synthesis strategies by controlling the intrinsic morphology of the TAT-H main core.
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Hayashi R, Murota A, Oka K, Inada Y, Yamashita K. UV ozone treatment for oxidization of spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18561-18567. [PMID: 37346939 PMCID: PMC10280331 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02315j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
For practical application of perovskite photovoltaic devices, it is vital to choose an appropriate carrier extraction material with high mobility, high conductivity, and appropriate molecular energy levels. One of the most frequently used hole transport materials, spiro-OMeTAD, is known to show an improvement in its electrical properties after the oxidation reaction. However, this oxidation reaction is generally accomplished by simple atmospheric exposure, often taking one or more nights under atmospheric conditions, and thus the development of a rapid oxidation strategy without the degradation of device performance is strongly required. Here, we propose a rapid and reproducible oxidation route employing a UV ozone treatment process that enables quick oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD in solution, as short as 30 seconds. Optical and electrical characterization reveals that this method modifies the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of spiro-OMeTAD to reduce the voltage loss, and also improves the conductivity and mobility, leading to the enhancement in the photovoltaic properties. This finding will provide useful insights into the further development of spiro-OMeTAD-based perovskite solar cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Hayashi
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Ayane Murota
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Kengo Oka
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Yuhi Inada
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamashita
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
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9
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Li G, Wang Z, Wang Y, Yang Z, Dong P, Feng Y, Jiang Y, Feng SP, Zhou G, Liu JM, Gao J. Co-Solvent Engineering Contributing to Achieve High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Based on Anti-Solvent Free Technology. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2301323. [PMID: 36988022 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The pinhole-free and defect-less perovskite film is crucial for achieving high efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which can be prepared by widely used anti-solvent crystallization strategies. However, the involvement of anti-solvent requires precise control and inevitably brings toxicity in fabrication procedures, which limits its large-scale industrial application. In this work, a facile and effective co-solvent engineering strategy is introduced to obtain high- quality perovskite film while avoiding the usage of anti-solvent. The uniform and compact perovskite polycrystalline films have been fabricated through the addition of co-solvent that owns strong coordination capacity with perovskite components , meanwhile possessing the weaker interaction with main solvent . With those strategies, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22% has been achieved with the optimal co-solvent, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and without usage of anti-solvent. Subsequently, PSCs based on NMP show high repeatability and good shelf stability (80% PCE remains after storing in ambient condition for 30 days). Finally, the perovskite solar module (5 × 5 cm) with 7 subcells connects in series yielding champion PCE of 16.54%. This strategy provides a general guidance of co-solvent selection for PSCs based on anti-solvent free technology and promotes commercial application of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical, Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced, Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute for Advanced Materials & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical, Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced, Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Institute for Advanced Materials & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical, Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced, Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhengchi Yang
- Institute for Advanced Materials & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical, Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced, Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pengyu Dong
- Institute for Advanced Materials & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical, Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced, Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yancong Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and, Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Institute for Advanced Materials & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical, Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced, Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shien-Ping Feng
- Department of Advanced Design and Systems Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and, Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jun-Ming Liu
- Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jinwei Gao
- Institute for Advanced Materials & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical, Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced, Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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10
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Fan Z, Xing C, Tan Y, Xu J, Liu L, Zhou Y, Jiang Y. The effect of CO 2-doped spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer on FA (1−x)Cs xPbI 3 perovskite solar cells. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/17475198221136079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Black-phase formamidinium lead iodine with 1.48 eV bandgap is considered to be the most promising material for improving the near-theoretical limit efficiency of perovskite solar cells, but at room temperature, black-phase formamidinium lead iodine easily transforms into the yellow non-perovskite phase formamidinium lead iodine. Here, different ratios of Cs+-incorporated formamidinium lead iodine prepared by one-step processing with the stability and power conversion efficiency of formamidinium lead iodine perovskite solar cells are investigated. FA0.85Cs0.15PbI3 shows the highest power conversion efficiency of 10.63% (Voc = 1.04 V, Jsc = 16.81 mA cm−2, and fill factor = 0.60), and the unencapsulated device maintained 60% of the initial power conversion efficiency after storage in air with 40% humidity for 186 h with an active area of 0.1 cm2, when the ratios of Cs+ reached 15% ( x = 0.15) in formamidinium lead iodine. However, the efficiency of perovskite solar cell–based formamidinium lead iodine is still low. In this work, a simple but an effective strategy was carried out to rapidly and fully oxidize hole transport layer solution by doping CO2 or O2 under ultraviolet light irradiation to increase the conductivity of hole transport layer, thereby improving the power conversion efficiency of solar cells. The results show that FA0.85Cs0.15PbI3 solar cells by CO2-doped hole transport layer for 90 s exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency of 16.11% (VOC = 1.11 V, JSC = 19.73 mA cm−2, and fill factor = 0.74). The improved photovoltaic performance is attributed to CO2-doped spiro-OMeTAD increasing charge carrier density and accelerating charge separation, thereby inducing higher conductivity. CO2 or O2 doped can rapidly and fully oxidize spiro-OMeTAD, and reduce the solar cell fabrication time; it is beneficial to the commercial use of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Fan
- Hubei Key Laboratory for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuwu Xing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Tan
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxia Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanming Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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Shen Y, Deng K, Li L. Spiro-OMeTAD-Based Hole Transport Layer Engineering toward Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200757. [PMID: 36202752 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone unprecedented growth in the past decade as an emerging photovoltaic technology. Up till now, the power conversion efficiency of PSCs has exceeded 25% that rivals silicon solar cells and there is still room for further enhancement. However, the development in long-term stability lags far behind, which remains a great concern for the commercial application in the future. The device instability mainly arises from the functional components, including perovskite film, charge transport layers, and electrodes along with the involved interfaces. As the most widely studied hole transport layer at the current stage, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-9,9-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) helps contribute to the achievement of record efficiency but it weakens the device stability due to the doping-induced side effects such as hygroscopicity and ion migration. Great efforts are devoted to boosting the stability of Spiro-OMeTAD while maintaining excellent photovoltaic performance. In this review, the fundamental properties of Spiro-OMeTAD have been summarized and the recent advances in engineering Spiro-OMeTAD-based hole transport layer for the sake of highly efficient PSCs with enhanced longevity are highlighted. In the end, an outlook for the further optimization of Spiro-OMeTAD is provided and the issues related to large-scale production are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Kaimo Deng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
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12
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Shahinuzzaman M, Afroz S, Mohafez H, Jamal MS, Khandaker MU, Sulieman A, Tamam N, Islam MA. Roles of Inorganic Oxide Based HTMs towards Highly Efficient and Long-Term Stable PSC-A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3003. [PMID: 36080043 PMCID: PMC9457918 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In just a few years, the efficiency of perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) has risen to 25.8%, making them competitive with current commercial technology. Due to the inherent advantage of perovskite thin films that can be fabricated using simple solution techniques at low temperatures, PSCs are regarded as one of the most important low-cost and mass-production prospects. The lack of stability, on the other hand, is one of the major barriers to PSC commercialization. The goal of this review is to highlight the most important aspects of recent improvements in PSCs, such as structural modification and fabrication procedures, which have resulted in increased device stability. The role of different types of hole transport layers (HTL) and the evolution of inorganic HTL including their fabrication techniques have been reviewed in detail in this review. We eloquently emphasized the variables that are critical for the successful commercialization of perovskite devices in the final section. To enhance perovskite solar cell commercialization, we also aimed to obtain insight into the operational stability of PSCs, as well as practical information on how to increase their stability through rational materials and device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Shahinuzzaman
- Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjida Afroz
- Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Hamidreza Mohafez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Universiti, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. S. Jamal
- Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, DIU Rd, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Abdelmoneim Sulieman
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nissren Tamam
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Universiti, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia
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13
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Ouedraogo NAN, Odunmbaku GO, Guo B, Chen S, Lin X, Shumilova T, Sun K. Oxidation of Spiro-OMeTAD in High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:34303-34327. [PMID: 35852808 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD), as an organic small molecule material, is the most commonly employed hole transport material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of its excellent properties that result in high photovoltaic performances. However, the material still suffers from low conductivity, leading to the necessary use of dopants and oxidative processes to overcome this issue. The spiro-OMeTAD oxidation process is highlighted in this review, and the main parameters involved in the process have been studied. Furthermore, the best alternatives aiming to improve the spiro-OMeTAD electrical properties have been discussed. Lastly, this review concludes with suggestions and outlooks for further research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabonswende Aida Nadege Ouedraogo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - George Omololu Odunmbaku
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bing Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiaoxue Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Tatyana Shumilova
- Institute of Geology, FRC Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - Kuan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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14
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Huang D, Xiang H, Ran R, Wang W, Zhou W, Shao Z. Recent Advances in Nanostructured Inorganic Hole−Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152592. [PMID: 35957022 PMCID: PMC9370755 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic−inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received particular attention in the last decade because of the high−power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), facile fabrication route and low cost. However, one of the most crucial obstacles to hindering the commercialization of PSCs is the instability issue, which is mainly caused by the inferior quality of the perovskite films and the poor tolerance of organic hole−transporting layer (HTL) against heat and moisture. Inorganic HTL materials are regarded as promising alternatives to replace organic counterparts for stable PSCs due to the high chemical stability, wide band gap, high light transmittance and low cost. In particular, nanostructure construction is reported to be an effective strategy to boost the hole transfer capability of inorganic HTLs and then enhance the PCEs of PSCs. Herein, the recent advances in the design and fabrication of nanostructured inorganic materials as HTLs for PSCs are reviewed by highlighting the superiority of nanostructured inorganic HTLs over organic counterparts in terms of moisture and heat tolerance, hole transfer capability and light transmittance. Furthermore, several strategies to boost the performance of inorganic HTLs are proposed, including fabrication route design, functional/selectively doping, morphology control, nanocomposite construction, etc. Finally, the challenges and future research directions about nanostructured inorganic HTL−based PSCs are provided and discussed. This review presents helpful guidelines for the design and fabrication of high−efficiency and durable inorganic HTL−based PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; (D.H.); (H.X.); (R.R.); (W.Z.)
| | - Huimin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; (D.H.); (H.X.); (R.R.); (W.Z.)
| | - Ran Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; (D.H.); (H.X.); (R.R.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; (D.H.); (H.X.); (R.R.); (W.Z.)
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (Z.S.)
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; (D.H.); (H.X.); (R.R.); (W.Z.)
| | - Zongping Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; (D.H.); (H.X.); (R.R.); (W.Z.)
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (Z.S.)
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15
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Pająk AK, Kotowicz S, Gnida P, Małecki JG, Ciemięga A, Łuczak A, Jung J, Schab-Balcerzak E. Synthesis and Characterization of New Conjugated Azomethines End-Capped with Amino-thiophene-3,4-dicarboxylic Acid Diethyl Ester. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158160. [PMID: 35897736 PMCID: PMC9330727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of thiophene-based azomethines differing in the core structure was synthesized. The effect of the central core structure in azomethines on the thermal, optical and electrochemical properties was investigated. The obtained compounds exhibited the ability to form a stable amorphous phase with a high glass transition temperature above 100 °C. They were electrochemically active and undergo oxidation and reduction processes. The highest occupied (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular (LUMO) orbitals were in the range of −3.86–−3.60 eV and −5.46–−5.17 eV, respectively, resulting in a very low energy band gap below 1.7 eV. Optical investigations were performed in the solvents with various polarity and in the solid state as a thin film deposited on a glass substrate. The synthesized imines absorbed radiation from 350 to 600 nm, depending on its structure and showed weak emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield below 2.5%. The photophysical investigations were supported by theoretical calculations using the density functional theory. The synthesized imines doped with lithium bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide were examined as hole transporting materials (HTM) in hybrid inorganic-organic perovskite solar cells. It was found that both a volume of lithium salt and core imine structure significantly impact device performance. The best power conversion efficiency (PCE), being about 35–63% higher compared to other devices, exhibited cells based on the imine containing a core tiphenylamine unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Katarzyna Pająk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.)
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Sonia Kotowicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (E.S.-B.)
| | - Paweł Gnida
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Ciemięga
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Bałtycka Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Adam Łuczak
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.Ł.); (J.J.)
| | - Jarosław Jung
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.Ł.); (J.J.)
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.)
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (E.S.-B.)
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16
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Cheng F, Cao F, Ru Fan F, Wu B. Promotion Strategies of Hole Transport Materials by Electronic and Steric Controls for n-i-p Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200340. [PMID: 35377527 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hole transport materials (HTMs) play a requisite role in n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The properties of HTMs, such as hole extraction efficiency, chemical compatibility, film morphology, ion migration barrier, and so on, significantly affect PSCs' power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and stabilities. Up till now, researchers have devoted much attention to developing new types of HTMs as well as promoting pristine HTMs using numerous strategies. In this Review, we summarize the design strategies of various common HTMs for n-i-p PSCs are comprehensively discussed from two separate aspects (additive and non-additive engineering). Additive engineering generally tunes electronic properties of HTMs while non-additive engineering basically modifies their steric structures. Critical analysis and comparison between these design strategies are provided, considering the overall PCEs and stabilities of PSCs. Finally, a brief perspective on future promising design strategies for HTMs is given, in order to fabricate efficient and stable n-i-p devices for the commercialization of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Feng Ru Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Binghui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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17
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Fateev SA, Stepanov NM, Petrov AA, Goodilin EA, Tarasov AB. Successive Solution–Liquid–Vapor Conversion of Metallic Lead Films for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023622070075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Stable perovskite solar cells with 23.12% efficiency and area over 1 cm2 by an all-in-one strategy. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Chin YC, Daboczi M, Henderson C, Luke J, Kim JS. Suppressing PEDOT:PSS Doping-Induced Interfacial Recombination Loss in Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2022; 7:560-568. [PMID: 35434365 PMCID: PMC9007524 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c02577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PSS is widely used as a hole transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its facile processability, industrial scalability, and commercialization potential. However, PSCs utilizing PEDOT:PSS suffer from strong recombination losses compared to other organic HTLs. This results in lower open-circuit voltage (V OC) and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Most studies focus on doping PEDOT:PSS to improve charge extraction, but it has been suggested that a high doping level can cause strong recombination losses. Herein, we systematically dedope PEDOT:PSS with aqueous NaOH, raising its Fermi level by up to 500 meV, and optimize its layer thickness in p-i-n devices. A significant reduction of recombination losses at the dedoped PEDOT:PSS/perovskite interface is evidenced by a longer photoluminescence lifetime and higher magnitude of surface photovoltage, leading to an increased device V OC, fill factor, and PCE. These results provide insights into the relationship between doping level of HTLs and interfacial charge carrier recombination losses.
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20
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Zhang Z, Li Z, Deng L, Gao Y, Wang C, Xu J, Li T, Gao P. Hot-Air Treatment-Regulated Diffusion of LiTFSI to Accelerate the Aging-Induced Efficiency Rising of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:4378-4388. [PMID: 35029110 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with LiTFSI-doped Spiro-OMeTAD as the hole transport layer (HTL) generally require aging in the air to achieve high efficiency (a.k.a. aging-induced efficiency rising), but attention is rarely paid to the synergistic effects of temperature and humidity during the ambient aging. In this work, based on the understanding of the doping mechanism of Spiro-OMeTAD, we develop an ambient condition-controlled hot-air treatment (HAT) for such kinds of PSCs to further improve the device efficiency and relieve the photocurrent hysteresis. After storing the PSCs at a temperature of 35-40 °C and humidity of 35-40% RH for 30 min, efficient redistribution of LiTFSI in Spiro-OMeTAD enables much-increased conductivity due to the increased concentration of Spiro-OMeTAD+·O2- and Spiro-OMeTAD+·TFSI-, leading to an enhanced fill factor. From the light intensity-dependent Voc and capacitance-voltage measurements, the Voc enhancement is proven to be originated from the change in dominant recombination type from trap-assisted interfacial recombination to bulk Shockley-Read-Hall recombination and the improved carrier dynamics at the perovskite/HTL interface. Furthermore, the decreased density and migration of shallow-level charge traps result in the negligible hysteresis of treated devices. Our work provides new insights into the effect of ambient aging on PSCs with Spiro-OMeTAD and reveals the potentials of HAT to improve the device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zicheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Longhui Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yifeng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Can Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tinghao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Peng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
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21
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Zheng J, Li F, Chen C, Du Q, Jin M, Li H, Ji M, Shen Z. Perovskite Solar Cells Employing a PbSO 4(PbO) 4 Quantum Dot-Doped Spiro-OMeTAD Hole Transport Layer with an Efficiency over 22. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2989-2999. [PMID: 34981934 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD), the most widely used hole transport material in high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs), still has serious defects, such as moisture absorption and poor long-term conductivity, which seriously restrict further improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of the cell. Herein, to overcome these problems, inorganic salt PbSO4(PbO)4 quantum dots (QDs) are incorporated into spiro-OMeTAD as the hole transport layer (HTL) for the first time. The incorporated PbSO4(PbO)4 QDs significantly hinder the agglomeration of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide and improve the long-term conductivity through the oxidative interaction between PbSO4(PbO)4 QDs and spiro-OMeTAD and hydrophobicity of the HTL. Furthermore, the spiro-OMeTAD:PbSO4(PbO)4 composite film can effectively passivate perovskite defects at the perovskite/HTL interface, resulting in suppressed interfacial recombination. As a result, the PSC based on the spiro-OMeTAD:PbSO4(PbO)4 HTL shows an improved PCE of 22.66%, which is much higher than that (18.89%) of the control device. PbSO4(PbO)4 also significantly improves the moisture stability for 50 days at room temperature (at RH ∼ 40-50%) without encapsulation. This work indicates that inorganic PbSO4(PbO)4 QDs are crucial materials that can be employed as an additive in spiro-OMeTAD to enhance the efficiency and stability of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Fumin Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Chong Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Qing Du
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Jin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Mingxing Ji
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Zhitao Shen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
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22
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Klipfel N, Kanda H, Sutanto AA, Mensi M, Igci C, Leifer K, Brooks K, Kinge S, Roldán-Carmona C, Momblona C, Dyson PJ, Nazeeruddin MK. Mechanistic Insights into the Role of the Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Ion in Coevaporated p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:52450-52460. [PMID: 34704729 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid lead halide perovskites have reached comparable efficiencies to state-of-the-art silicon solar cell technologies. However, a remaining key challenge toward commercialization is the resolution of the perovskite device instability. In this work, we identify for the first time the mobile nature of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI-), a typical anion extensively employed in p-type dopants for 2,2'7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'spirofluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). We demonstrate that TFSI- can migrate through the perovskite layer via the grain boundaries and accumulate at the perovskite/electron-transporting layer (ETL) interface. Our findings reveal that the migration of TFSI- enhances the device performance and stability, resulting in highly stable p-i-n cells that retain 90% of their initial performance after 1600 h of continuous testing. Our systematic study, which targeted the effect of the nature of the dopant and its concentration, also shows that TFSI- acts as a dynamic defect-healing agent, which self-passivates the perovskite crystal defects during the migration process and thereby decreases nonradiative recombination pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Klipfel
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Hiroyuki Kanda
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Albertus Adrian Sutanto
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Mounir Mensi
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Cansu Igci
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Leifer
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Keith Brooks
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Sachin Kinge
- Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Motor Technical Centre, Advanced Technology Division, Hoge Wei 33, B-1930 Zaventem, Belgium
| | - Cristina Roldán-Carmona
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Momblona
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
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23
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Cho Y, Bing J, Kim HD, Li Y, Zheng J, Tang S, Green MA, Wakamiya A, Huang S, Ohkita H, Ho-Baillie AWY. Immediate and Temporal Enhancement of Power Conversion Efficiency in Surface-Passivated Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:39178-39185. [PMID: 34379385 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work reports strategies for improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by capitalizing on temporal changes through the storage effect and immediate improvements by interface passivation. It is demonstrated that both strategies can be combined as shown by PCE improvement in passivated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) upon ambient storage because of trap density reduction. By analyzing the dominant charge recombination process, we find that lead-related traps in perovskite bulk, rather than at the surface, are the recombination centers in both as-fabricated and ambient-stored passivated PSCs. This emphasizes the necessity to reduce intrinsic defects in the perovskite bulk. Furthermore, storage causes temporal changes in band alignment even in passivated PSCs, contributing to PCE improvement. Building on these findings, composition engineering was employed to produce further immediate PCE improvements because of defect reduction in the bulk, achieving a PCE of 22.2%. These results show that understanding the dominant recombination mechanisms within a PSC is important to inform strategies for producing immediate and temporal PCE enhancements either by interface passivation, storage, composition engineering, or a combination of them all to fabricate highly efficient PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyoon Cho
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jueming Bing
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Physics and The University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Hyung Do Kim
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yong Li
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jianghui Zheng
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Physics and The University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Shi Tang
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Physics and The University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Martin A Green
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Hideo Ohkita
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Anita W Y Ho-Baillie
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Physics and The University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Kim D, Muckley ES, Creange N, Wan TH, Ann MH, Quattrocchi E, Vasudevan RK, Kim JH, Ciucci F, Ivanov IN, Kalinin SV, Ahmadi M. Exploring Transport Behavior in Hybrid Perovskites Solar Cells via Machine Learning Analysis of Environmental-Dependent Impedance Spectroscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2002510. [PMID: 34155825 PMCID: PMC8336513 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites are one of the promising candidates for the next-generation semiconductors due to their superlative optoelectronic properties. However, one of the limiting factors for potential applications is their chemical and structural instability in different environments. Herein, the stability of (FAPbI3 )0.85 (MAPbBr3 )0.15 perovskite solar cell is explored in different atmospheres using impedance spectroscopy. An equivalent circuit model and distribution of relaxation times (DRTs) are used to effectively analyze impedance spectra. DRT is further analyzed via machine learning workflow based on the non-negative matrix factorization of reconstructed relaxation time spectra. This exploration provides the interplay of charge transport dynamics and recombination processes under environment stimuli and illumination. The results reveal that in the dark, oxygen atmosphere induces an increased hole concentration with less ionic character while ionic motion is dominant under ambient air. Under 1 Sun illumination, the environment-dependent impedance responses show a more striking effect compared with dark conditions. In this case, the increased transport resistance observed under oxygen atmosphere in equivalent circuit analysis arises due to interruption of photogenerated hole carriers. The results not only shed light on elucidating transport mechanisms of perovskite solar cells in different environments but also offer an effective interpretation of impedance responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyung Kim
- Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA
| | - Eric S. Muckley
- The Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Nicole Creange
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27606USA
| | - Ting Hei Wan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong
| | - Myung Hyun Ann
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou UniversitySuwon16499Republic of Korea
| | - Emanuele Quattrocchi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong
| | - Rama K. Vasudevan
- The Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Jong H. Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou UniversitySuwon16499Republic of Korea
| | - Francesco Ciucci
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong
| | - Ilia N. Ivanov
- The Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Sergei V. Kalinin
- The Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Mahshid Ahmadi
- Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA
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25
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Murakami Y, Ishiwari F, Okamoto K, Kozawa T, Saeki A. Electron Beam Irradiation of Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: Dedoping of Organic Hole Transport Materials despite Hardness of the Perovskite Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24824-24832. [PMID: 34008952 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are highly efficient, flexible, lightweight, and even tolerant to radiation, such as protons, electron beams (EB), and γ-rays, all of which makes them plausible candidates for use in space satellites and spacecrafts. However, the mechanisms of radiation damage of each component of PSC [an organic hole transport material (HTM), a perovskite layer, and an electron transport material (ETM)] are not yet fully understood. Herein, we investigated the EB irradiation effect (100 keV, up to 2.5 × 1015 cm-2) on binary-mixed A site cations and halide perovskite (MA0.13FA0.87PbI2.61Br0.39, MA:methylammonium cation and FA:formaminidium cation), a molecular HTM of doped SpiroOMeTAD, and an inorganic ETM of mesoporous TiO2. Despite the decreased power conversion efficiency of PSCs upon EB exposure, the photoconductivities of the perovskite, HTM, and ETM layers remained intact. In contrast, significant dedoping of HTM was observed, as confirmed by steady-state conductivity, photoabsorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Notably, this damage could be healed by exposure to short-wavelength light, leading to a partial recovery of the PSC efficiency. Our work exemplifies the robustness of perovskite against EB and the degradation mechanism of the overall PSC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Murakami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ishiwari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Frontier Research Base for Global Young Researchers, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Okamoto
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kozawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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26
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CO 2 doping of organic interlayers for perovskite solar cells. Nature 2021; 594:51-56. [PMID: 34079136 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In perovskite solar cells, doped organic semiconductors are often used as charge-extraction interlayers situated between the photoactive layer and the electrodes. The π-conjugated small molecule 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) is the most frequently used semiconductor in the hole-conducting layer1-6, and its electrical properties considerably affect the charge collection efficiencies of the solar cell7. To enhance the electrical conductivity of spiro-OMeTAD, lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) is typically used in a doping process, which is conventionally initiated by exposing spiro-OMeTAD:LiTFSI blend films to air and light for several hours. This process, in which oxygen acts as the p-type dopant8-11, is time-intensive and largely depends on ambient conditions, and thus hinders the commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Here we report a fast and reproducible doping method that involves bubbling a spiro-OMeTAD:LiTFSI solution with CO2 under ultraviolet light. CO2 obtains electrons from photoexcited spiro-OMeTAD, rapidly promoting its p-type doping and resulting in the precipitation of carbonates. The CO2-treated interlayer exhibits approximately 100 times higher conductivity than a pristine film while realizing stable, high-efficiency perovskite solar cells without any post-treatments. We also show that this method can be used to dope π-conjugated polymers.
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28
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Gao Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Li Z, Xiong Q, Deng L, Zhou Q, Meng L, Du Y, Zuo T, Yu Y, Lan Z, Gao P. Plasmon‐Enhanced Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Beyond 21 %: The Asynchronous Synergistic Effect of Water and Gold Nanorods. Chempluschem 2021; 86:291-297. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Jiaoxia Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 P. R. China
| | - Zicheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 P. R. China
| | - Qiu Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Longhui Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Lingyi Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Yitian Du
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials Ministry of Education Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Tao Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Yaming Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials Ministry of Education Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Zhang Lan
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials Ministry of Education Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
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29
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Chen W, Pham ND, Wang H, Jia B, Wen X. Spectroscopic Insight into Efficient and Stable Hole Transfer at the Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD Interface with Alternative Additives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5752-5761. [PMID: 33470096 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A stable and efficient carrier transfer is a prerequisite for high-performance perovskite solar cells. With optimized additives, a significantly improved charge carrier transfer can be achieved at the interface of perovskite/2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,90-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) with significantly boosted photostability. Using time-dependent spectroscopic techniques, we investigated charge carrier and mobile-ion dynamics at the perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD interface, where the Spiro-OMeTAD contains different bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) salts additives (Li-TFSI, Mg-TFSI2, Ca-TFSI2). The pristine response and the dynamic changes under continuous illuminations are presented, which is correlated to the different behaviors of mobile-ion accumulations at the perovskite/Spiro interface and ascribed to the improved hole mobilities in Spiro-OMeTAD, ultimately contributing to the favorable behaviors in solar cells. It is demonstrated that the hole mobility and conductivity of hole transport layers play an important role in suppressing mobile-ion accumulation at the interfaces of solar cells. With the engineering of mixed-cation mixed-halide perovskite, optimal engineering of additives in hole transport materials is an efficient strategy. Therefore, it should be emphasized for accelerating perovskite photovoltaic commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Chen
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Ngoc Duy Pham
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Hongxia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Wen
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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Wang J, Zhang J, Yang Y, Gai S, Dong Y, Qiu L, Xia D, Fan X, Wang W, Hu B, Cao W, Fan R. New Insight into the Lewis Basic Sites in Metal-Organic Framework-Doped Hole Transport Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5235-5244. [PMID: 33470803 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Currently, Spiro-OMeTAD is the most widely used hole transport material (HTM) in the best-performing perovskite solar cells (PSCs), resulting from its suitable energy level and facile processing. However, the intrinsic properties of organic molecules, such as low conductivity and a nonpolar contact interface, will limit the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of Spiro-OMeTAD-based PSCs. Chemical doping could be an effective strategy to ameliorate the performance of Spiro-OMeTAD, and most of the dopants are designed for controllably oxidizing Spiro-OMeTAD. In this work, a highly stable metal-organic framework {[Zn(Hcbob)]·(solvent)}n (Zn-CBOB) with rod topology and Lewis basic sites is assembled and employed as a dopant for the hole transport layer. It is found that Zn-CBOB not only controllably oxidizes Spiro-OMeTAD and improves the conductivity of the HTM but also passivates the surface traps of the perovskite film by coordinating with Pb2+. The Zn-CBOB-doped PSCs achieved a remarkable PCE of 20.64%. In addition, the hydrophobicity of Zn-CBOB can prevent water from destroying the perovskite layer, which helps elevate the stability of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Gai
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yayu Dong
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Lele Qiu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Debin Xia
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Fan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Boyuan Hu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Cao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqing Fan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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31
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Zhang Y, Kirs A, Ambroz F, Lin CT, Bati ASR, Parkin IP, Shapter JG, Batmunkh M, Macdonald TJ. Ambient Fabrication of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2000744. [PMID: 34927807 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their high-power conversion efficiency, simple fabrication, and low material cost. However, due to their high sensitivity to moisture and oxygen, high efficiency PSCs are mainly constructed in an inert environment. This has led to significant concerns associated with the long-term stability and manufacturing costs, which are some of the major limitations for the commercialization of this cutting-edge technology. Over the past few years, excellent progress in fabricating PSCs in ambient conditions has been made. These advancements have drawn considerable research interest in the photovoltaic community and shown great promise for the successful commercialization of efficient and stable PSCs. In this review, after providing an overview to the influence of an ambient fabrication environment on perovskite films, recent advances in fabricating efficient and stable PSCs in ambient conditions are discussed. Along with discussing the underlying challenges and limitations, the most appropriate strategies to fabricate efficient PSCs under ambient conditions are summarized along with multiple roadmaps to assist in the future development of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ashleigh Kirs
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Filip Ambroz
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Chieh-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Abdulaziz S R Bati
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Joseph G Shapter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Munkhbayar Batmunkh
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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Tian M, Woo CY, Choi JW, Seo JY, Kim JM, Kim SH, Song M, Lee HW. Printable Free-Standing Hybrid Graphene/Dry-Spun Carbon Nanotube Films as Multifunctional Electrodes for Highly Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:54806-54814. [PMID: 33216534 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted immense attention owing to their outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, their counter electrodes are commonly produced by evaporating metals, such as Ag and Au, under high vacuum conditions, which make the PSCs costly, thereby limiting their large-scale production. In this study, a free-standing hybrid graphene/carbon nanotube film was carefully designed to replace noble metal PSC counter electrodes to reduce the cost and increase the stability of PSCs. A highly conductive and stable hybrid carbon thin film can be easily transferred to the various desired substrates by a simple rolling process. The PSCs with hybrid graphene/carbon nanotube films showed a high PCE of 15.36%. Moreover, the devices exhibited excellent stability and could retain 86% of their initial PCE after storage for 500 h in a high-moisture atmosphere (RH 50%). The outstanding stability of PCEs can be attributed to the efficient moisture blocking by the multilayered graphene/carbon nanotube present in the hybrid film. The thin, flexible, and easy-to-synthesize free-standing hybrid graphene/CNT film with high conductivity showed great potential for realizing the low-cost production of highly stable PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Tian
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Young Woo
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Materials Center for Energy Convergence, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 797 Changwon-daero, Sungsan-gu, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Seo
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Research Center of Energy Convergence Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Man Kim
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Research Center of Energy Convergence Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyung Kim
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Research Center of Energy Convergence Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungkwan Song
- Materials Center for Energy Convergence, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 797 Changwon-daero, Sungsan-gu, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Woo Lee
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Research Center of Energy Convergence Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Liu J, Liu W, Aydin E, Harrison GT, Isikgor FH, Yang X, Subbiah AS, De Wolf S. Lewis-Acid Doping of Triphenylamine-Based Hole Transport Materials Improves the Performance and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:23874-23884. [PMID: 32412735 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabricated in the classic n-i-p configuration generally employ triphenylamine-based hole-transport layers (HTLs) such as spiro-OMeTAD, PTAA, and poly-TPD. Controllable doping of such layers has been critical to achieve increased conductivity and high device performance. To this end, LiTFSI/tBP doping and subsequent air exposure is widely utilized. However, this approach often leads to low device stability and reproducibility. Departing from this point, we introduce the Lewis acid tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFB) as an effective dopant, resulting in a significantly improved conductivity and lowered surface potential for triphenylamine-based HTLs. Here, we specifically investigated spiro-OMeTAD, which is the most widely used HTL for n-i-p devices, and revealed improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of the PSCs. Further, we demonstrated the applicability of TPFB doping to other triphenylamine-based HTLs. Spectroscopic characterizations reveal that TPFB doping results in significantly improved charge transport and reduced recombination losses. Importantly, the TPFB-doped perovskite devices retained near 85% of the initial PCE after 1000 h of storage in the air, while the conventional LiTFSI-doped device dropped to 75%. Finally, we give insight into utilizing other similar molecular dopants such as fluorine-free triphenylborane and phosphorus-centered tris(pentafluorophenyl)phosphine (TPFP) by density functional theory analysis underscoring the significance of the central boron atom and fluorination in TPFB for the formation of Lewis acid-base adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenzhu Liu
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Erkan Aydin
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - George T Harrison
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Furkan H Isikgor
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xinbo Yang
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anand S Subbiah
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Nair S, Patel SB, Gohel JV. Performance of low-cost mixed cationic carbon-based solar cells prepared through compositional engineering under ambient conditions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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Si CD, Lv XD, Long SJ. Perovskite solar cells employing copper (Ⅰ/II) porphyrin hole-transport material with enhanced performance. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Chen D, Fan G, Zhu W, Yang H, Xi H, He F, Lin Z, Zhang J, Zhang C, Hao Y. Highly efficient bifacial CsPbIBr2 solar cells with a TeO2/Ag transparent electrode and unsymmetrical carrier transport behavior. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:6012-6019. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00407c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bright red CsPbIBr2 films possess intrinsic semitransparent features, which make them promising materials for smart photovoltaic windows, power curtain walls, top cells for tandem solar cells, and bifacial photovoltaics.
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37
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Lee DG, Kim MC, Wang S, Kim BJ, Meng YS, Jung HS. Effect of Metal Electrodes on Aging-Induced Performance Recovery in Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:48497-48504. [PMID: 31799829 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), it is important to substitute the alternative electrode for Au to decrease the unit cost. From the early stage, Ag exhibits a potential to be a good counter electrode in PSCs; however, there is an abnormal s-shaped J-V curve with the Ag electrode, and it is recovered as time passes. The perception of the aging-induced recovery process and refutation of the raised stability issues are required for commercial application of Ag electrodes. Herein, we compared the aging effect of PSCs with Ag and Au electrodes and found that only devices with Ag electrodes have a dramatical aging-induced recovery process. We observed the change of photoelectronic properties only in the devices with Ag electrodes as time passes, which mainly contributes to recovery of the s-shaped J-V curve. We verified the work function change of an aged Ag electrode and its mechanism by photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. By comparing the light stability under 1 sun intensity illumination, we can assure the practical stability of Ag electrodes in case of being encapsulated. This work suggests the profound understanding of the aging-induced recovery process of PSCs and the possibility of commercial application of Ag electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Geon Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Byeong Jo Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523, SE 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | | | - Hyun Suk Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
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38
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Wang B, Zhang M, Cui X, Wang Z, Rager M, Yang Y, Zou Z, Wang ZL, Lin Z. Unconventional Route to Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Enabled Highly Efficient Electron Extraction and Transport in Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Xun Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Zewei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Matthew Rager
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Yingkui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Zhigang Zou
- Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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39
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Wang B, Zhang M, Cui X, Wang Z, Rager M, Yang Y, Zou Z, Wang ZL, Lin Z. Unconventional Route to Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Enabled Highly Efficient Electron Extraction and Transport in Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1611-1618. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Xun Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Zewei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Matthew Rager
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Yingkui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Zhigang Zou
- Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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40
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Han TH, Tan S, Xue J, Meng L, Lee JW, Yang Y. Interface and Defect Engineering for Metal Halide Perovskite Optoelectronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803515. [PMID: 30761623 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have been in the limelight in recent years due to their enormous potential for use in optoelectronic devices, owing to their unique combination of properties, such as high absorption coefficient, long charge-carrier diffusion lengths, and high defect tolerance. Perovskite-based solar cells and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have achieved remarkable breakthroughs in a comparatively short amount of time. As of writing, a certified power conversion efficiency of 22.7% and an external quantum efficiency of over 10% have been achieved for perovskite solar cells and LEDs, respectively. Interfaces and defects have a critical influence on the properties and operational stability of metal halide perovskite optoelectronic devices. Therefore, interface and defect engineering are crucial to control the behavior of the charge carriers and to grow high quality, defect-free perovskite crystals. Herein, a comprehensive review of various strategies that attempt to modify the interfacial characteristics, control the crystal growth, and understand the defect physics in metal halide perovskites, for both solar cell and LED applications, is presented. Lastly, based on the latest advances and breakthroughs, perspectives and possible directions forward in a bid to transcend what has already been achieved in this vast field of metal halide perovskite optoelectronic devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hee Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shaun Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jingjing Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lei Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jin-Wook Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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41
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Zhou X, Li Z, Deng X, Yan B, Wang Z, Chen X, Huang S. High performance perovskite solar cells using Cu 9S 5 supraparticles incorporated hole transport layers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:445401. [PMID: 31349240 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We disclose novel photovoltaic device physics and present details of device mechanisms by investigating perovskite solar cells (PSCs) incorporating Cu9S5@SiO2 supraparticles (SUPs) into Spiro-OMeTAD based hole transport layers (HTLs). High quality colloidal Cu9S5 nanocrystals (NCs) were prepared using a hot-injection approach. Multiple Cu9S5 NCs were further embedded in silica to construct a Cu9S5@SiO2 SUP. Cu9S5@SiO2 SUPs were blended into Spiro-OMeTAD based HTLs with different weight ratios. Theoretical and experimental results show that the very strong light scattering or reflecting properties of Cu9S5@SiO2 SUPs blended in the PSC device in a proper proportion distribute to increase the light energy trapped within the device, leading to significant enhancement of light absorption in the active layer. Additionally, the incorporated Cu9S5@SiO2 SUPs can also promote the electrical conductivity and hole-transport capacity of the HTL. Significantly larger conductivity and higher hole injection efficiency were demonstrated in the HTM with the optimal weight ratios of Cu9S5@SiO2 SUPs. As a result, efficient Cu9S5 SUPs based PSC devices were obtained with average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.21% at an optimal weight ratio of Cu9S5 SUPs. Compared with PSC solar cells without Cu9S5@SiO2 SUPs (of which the average PCE is 14.38%), a remarkable enhancement over 26% in average PCE was achieved. This study provides an innovative approach to efficiently promote the performance of PSC devices by employing optically stable, low-cost and green p-type semiconductor SUPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Rd. 3663, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
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Li Y, Wei Y, Feng K, Hao Y, Pei J, Zhang Y, Sun B. Introduction of PCPDTBT in P3HT:Spiro-OMeTAD blending system for solid-state hybrid solar cells with dendritic TiO2/Sb2S3 nanorods composite film. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Schloemer TH, Christians JA, Luther JM, Sellinger A. Doping strategies for small molecule organic hole-transport materials: impacts on perovskite solar cell performance and stability. Chem Sci 2019; 10:1904-1935. [PMID: 30881622 PMCID: PMC6390699 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05284k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid organic/inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have dramatically changed the landscape of the solar research community over the past decade, but >25 year stability is likely required if they are to make the same impact in commercial photovoltaics and power generation more broadly. While every layer of a PSC has been shown to impact its durability in power output, the hole-transport layer (HTL) is critical for several reasons: (1) it is in direct contact with the perovskite layer, (2) it often contains mobile ions, like Li+ - which in this case are hygroscopic, and (3) it usually has the lowest thermal stability of all layers in the stack. Therefore, HTL engineering is one method with a high return on investment for PSC stability and lifetime. Research has progressed in understanding design rules for small organic molecule hole-transport materials, yet, when implemented into devices, the same dopants, bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (LiTFSI) and tris(2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-tert-butylpyridine)cobalt(iii) tri[bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide] (FK209), are nearly always required for improved charge-transport properties (e.g., increased hole mobility and conductivity). The dopants are notable because they too have been shown to negatively impact PSC stability and lifetime. In response, new research has targeted alternative dopants to bypass these negative effects and provide greater functionality. In this review, we focus on dopant fundamentals, alternative doping strategies for organic small molecule HTL in PSC, and imminent research needs with regard to dopant development for the realization of reliable, long-lasting electricity generation via PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy H Schloemer
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado School of Mines , Golden , CO , USA .
| | - Jeffrey A Christians
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Chemistry and Nanoscience Center , Golden , CO , USA
- Hope College , Holland , MI , USA
| | - Joseph M Luther
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Chemistry and Nanoscience Center , Golden , CO , USA
| | - Alan Sellinger
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado School of Mines , Golden , CO , USA .
- Materials Science Program , Colorado School of Mines , Golden , CO , USA
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Chemistry and Nanoscience Center , Golden , CO , USA
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Zhang H, Lv Y, Wang J, Ma H, Sun Z, Huang W. Influence of Cl Incorporation in Perovskite Precursor on the Crystal Growth and Storage Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:6022-6030. [PMID: 30652851 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Solar cells based on organic-inorganic hybrid lead-halide perovskites are very promising because of their high performance and solution process feasibility. Elemental engineering on perovskite composition is a facile path to obtain high-quality crystals for efficient and stable solar cells. It was found that partially substituting I- with Cl- in the perovskite precursor promoted crystal growth, with the grain size larger than the layer thickness, and facilitated the generation of a self-passivation layer of PbI2. Whereas the residual Cl- ions were suspected to diffuse to the hole-transport layer consisting of ubiquitously spiro-OMeTAD, the formation of highly bounded ionic pairing of Cl- with the oxidized state of spiro-OMeTAD led to insufficient charge extraction and severely reversible performance degradation. This issue was effectively alleviated upon Br- doping owing to the generation of Pb-Br bonds in the lattice that strengthened the phase stability by improving the binding energy between each unit. The binary halide (Br-/Cl-)-doped perovskites resulted in a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.2% with improved long-term storage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 5 Xinmofan Road , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Yifan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 5 Xinmofan Road , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Jinpei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 5 Xinmofan Road , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 5 Xinmofan Road , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Zhengyi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 5 Xinmofan Road , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 5 Xinmofan Road , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , 127 West Youyi Road , Xi'an 710072 , P. R. China
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Liu D, Wang Y, Zheng H, Wu J, Ji L, Zhang P, Ahmad W, Chen H, Chen Z, Li S. Improved stability of perovskite solar cells with enhanced moisture-resistant hole transport layers. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Wang Y, Qu H, Zhang C, Chen Q. Rapid Oxidation of the Hole Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells by A Low-Temperature Plasma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:459. [PMID: 30679577 PMCID: PMC6346014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report a strategy of rapid oxidation of the hole transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells by using oxygen/argon mixture plasma. This strategy offers a promising approach for simple manufacturing, mass production, and industrial applications. Compared to the conventional process of overnight oxidation, only ~10 s of oxygen/argon mixture plasma treatment is enough for the solar cell devices with FTO/ETL/perovskite/HTL/Au structure demonstrating a high power conversion efficiency. It is found that the high concentration of atomic oxygen generated in plasma oxidizing the HTL improves the conductivity and mobility, and therefore the process time is considerably shortened. This novel approach is compatible with continuous mass production, and it is suitable for the fabrication of large-area perovskite solar cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wang
- Lab of Plasma Physics and Materials, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Hao Qu
- Lab of Plasma Physics and Materials, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Lab of Plasma Physics and Materials, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lab of Plasma Physics and Materials, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China.
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Jia J, Duan L, Chen Y, Zong X, Sun Z, Wu Q, Xue S. New ferrocenyl-containing organic hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells in regular (n-i-p) and inverted (p-i-n) architectures. RSC Adv 2019; 9:216-223. [PMID: 35521582 PMCID: PMC9059360 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08946a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three triphenylamine derivatives containing ferrocenyl groups (JW6, JW7 and JW8) were synthesized by facile syntheses. Their HOMO levels match the valence band energy of CH3NH3PbI3. The introduction of ferrocenyl was aimed to obtain hole transporting materials with high mobility for perovskite solar cells. JW7 shows higher hole mobility (4.2 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1) than JW6 (1.3 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1) and JW8 (1.5 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1). Their film-forming properties are affected by their molecule structures. The methoxyl and N,N-dimethyl terminal substituents of JW7 and JW8 are beneficial for having better solubility than JW6. The regular mesoporous TiO2-based perovskite solar cells (n-i-p) and the inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (p-i-n) fabricated using JW7 show the highest power conversion efficiency of 9.36% and 11.43% under 100 mW cm−2 AM1.5G solar illumination. For p-i-n cells, the standard HTM PEDOT-based cell reaches an efficiency of 12.86% under the same conditions. New ferrocene-containing organic HTMs for fabricating perovskite solar cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- PR China
| | - Liangsheng Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- PR China
| | - Xueping Zong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- PR China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- PR China
| | - Quanping Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- PR China
| | - Song Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- PR China
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48
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Wang S, Huang Z, Wang X, Li Y, Günther M, Valenzuela S, Parikh P, Cabreros A, Xiong W, Meng YS. Unveiling the Role of tBP–LiTFSI Complexes in Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16720-16730. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcella Günther
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland,
Campus Süd, Würzburg 97074, Germany
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49
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Fu Q, Tang X, Huang B, Hu T, Tan L, Chen L, Chen Y. Recent Progress on the Long-Term Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700387. [PMID: 29876199 PMCID: PMC5979782 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As rapid progress has been achieved in emerging thin film solar cell technology, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have aroused many concerns with several desired properties for photovoltaic applications, including large absorption coefficients, excellent carrier mobility, long charge carrier diffusion lengths, low-cost, and unbelievable progress. Power conversion efficiencies increased from 3.8% in 2009 up to the current world record of 22.1%. However, poor long-term stability of PVSCs limits the future commercial application. Here, the degradation mechanisms for unstable perovskite materials and their corresponding solar cells are discussed. The strategies for enhancing the stability of perovskite materials and PVSCs are also summarized. This review is expected to provide helpful insights for further enhancing the stability of perovskite materials and PVSCs in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Fu
- College of ChemistryNanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031P. R. China
| | - Xianglan Tang
- College of ChemistryNanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031P. R. China
| | - Bin Huang
- College of ChemistryNanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031P. R. China
| | - Ting Hu
- College of ChemistryNanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031P. R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry/Institute of PolymersNanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031P. R. China
| | - Licheng Tan
- College of ChemistryNanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031P. R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry/Institute of PolymersNanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031P. R. China
| | - Lie Chen
- College of ChemistryNanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031P. R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry/Institute of PolymersNanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031P. R. China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of ChemistryNanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031P. R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry/Institute of PolymersNanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031P. R. China
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50
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Jeon I, Ueno H, Seo S, Aitola K, Nishikubo R, Saeki A, Okada H, Boschloo G, Maruyama S, Matsuo Y. Lithium‐Ion Endohedral Fullerene (Li
+
@C
60
) Dopants in Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Induce Instant Doping and Anti‐Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Il Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueno
- School of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Seungju Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kerttu Aitola
- Ångström Laboratory Physical Chemistry Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ryosuke Nishikubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry Osaka University Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry Osaka University Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Ångström Laboratory Physical Chemistry Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- Research Institute for Energy Conservation National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba 305-8564 Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- School of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
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