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Zhang X, Sands M, Lin M, Guelfo J, Irudayaraj J. In vitro toxicity of Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ( LiTFSI) on Human Renal and Hepatoma Cells. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:280-288. [PMID: 38469334 PMCID: PMC10925923 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluate the cytotoxicity, intracellular redox conditions, apoptosis, and methylation of DNMTs/TETs upon exposure to LiTFSI, a novel Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) commonly found in lithium-ion batteries, on human renal carcinoma cells (A498) and hepatoma cells (HepG2). The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay showed both Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) had a dose-dependent effect on A498 and HepG2, with LiTFSI being less toxic. Intracellular redox conditions were assessed with a microplate reader and confocal, which showed a significant decrease in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels and an increase in Superoxide dismutase (SOD) content in both cells. Exposure to LiTFSI enhanced cell apoptosis, with HepG2 being more susceptible than A498. Quantitative analysis of mRNA expression levels of 19 genes associated with kidney injury, methylation, lipid metabolism and transportation was performed. LiTFSI exposure impacted kidney function by downregulating smooth muscle alpha-actin (Acta2) and upregulating transforming growth factor beta 1 (Tgfb1), B-cell lymphoma 2-like 1) Bcl2l1, hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (Harvcr1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nfe2l2), and hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1) expression. LiTFSI exposure also affected the abundance of transcripts associated with DNA methylation by the expression of ten-eleven translocation (TET) and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) genes. Furthermore, LiTFSI exposure induced an increase in lipid anabolism and alterations in lipid catabolism in HepG2. Our results provide new insight on the potential role of a new contaminant, LiTFSI in the regulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis and methylation in human renal carcinoma and hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mia Sands
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mindy Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jennifer Guelfo
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute of Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Qian Y, Zhou Z, Zhang Q, Zhao H, Chen H, Han J, Wan H, Jin H, Wang S, Lei Y. Boosting the Energy Density of Bowl-Like MnO 2@Carbon Through Lithium-Intercalation in a High-Voltage Asymmetric Supercapacitor with "Water-In-Salt" Electrolyte. Small 2024:e2310037. [PMID: 38634208 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Highly concentrated "'water-in-salt"' (WIS) electrolytes are promising for high-performance energy storage devices due to their wide electrochemical stability window. However, the energy storage mechanism of MnO2 in WIS electrolytes-based supercapacitors remains unclear. Herein, MnO2 nanoflowers are successfully grown on mesoporous bowl-like carbon (MBC) particles to generate MnO2/MBC composites, which not only increase electroactive sites and inhibit the pulverization of MnO2 particles during the fast charging/discharging processes, but also facilitate the electron transfer and ion diffusion within the whole electrode, resulting in significant enhancement of the electrochemical performance. An asymmetric supercapacitor, assembled with MnO2/MBC and activated carbon (AC) and using 21 m LiTFSI solution as the WIS electrolyte, delivers an ultrahigh energy density of 70.2 Wh kg-1 at 700 W kg-1, and still retains 24.8 Wh kg-1 when the power density is increased to 28 kW kg-1. The ex situ XRD, Raman, and XPS measurements reveal that a reversible reaction of MnO2 + xLi+ + xe-↔LixMnO2 takes place during charging and discharging. Therefore, the asymmetric MnO2/MBC//AC supercapacitor with LiTFSI electrolyte is actually a lithium-ion hybrid supercapacitor, which can greatly boost the energy density of the assembled device and expand the voltage window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Qian
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather of Zhejiang Province & Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technology, Wenzhou University, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Zhiming Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather of Zhejiang Province & Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technology, Wenzhou University, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Qingcheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather of Zhejiang Province & Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technology, Wenzhou University, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Huaping Zhao
- Fachgebiet Angewante Nanophysik, Institut für Physik & IMN MacroNano (ZIK), Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Heng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather of Zhejiang Province & Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technology, Wenzhou University, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jintong Han
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather of Zhejiang Province & Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technology, Wenzhou University, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Haiting Wan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather of Zhejiang Province & Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technology, Wenzhou University, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Huile Jin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather of Zhejiang Province & Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technology, Wenzhou University, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Shun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather of Zhejiang Province & Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technology, Wenzhou University, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yong Lei
- Fachgebiet Angewante Nanophysik, Institut für Physik & IMN MacroNano (ZIK), Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
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Boyd RI, Shokry D, Fazal Z, Rennels BC, Freemantle SJ, La Frano MR, Prins GS, Madak Erdogan Z, Irudayaraj J, Singh R, Spinella MJ. Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid Alters Pro-Cancer Phenotypes and Metabolic and Transcriptional Signatures in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors. Toxics 2024; 12:232. [PMID: 38668455 PMCID: PMC11054796 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The potential effects of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a recently emergent human and environmental health concern. There is a consistent link between PFAS exposure and cancer, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Although epidemiological evidence supporting PFAS exposure and cancer in general is conflicting, there is relatively strong evidence linking PFAS and testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). However, no mechanistic studies have been performed to date concerning PFAS and TGCTs. In this report, the effects of the legacy PFAS perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and the newer "clean energy" PFAS lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSi, called HQ-115), on the tumorigenicity of TGCTs in mice, TGCT cell survival, and metabolite production, as well as gene regulation were investigated. In vitro, the proliferation and survival of both chemo-sensitive and -resistant TGCT cells were minimally affected by a wide range of PFOS and HQ-115 concentrations. However, both chemicals promoted the growth of TGCT cells in mouse xenografts at doses consistent with human exposure but induced minimal acute toxicity, as assessed by total body, kidney, and testis weight. PFOS, but not HQ-115, increased liver weight. Transcriptomic alterations of PFOS-exposed normal mouse testes were dominated by cancer-related pathways and gene expression alterations associated with the H3K27me3 polycomb pathway and DNA methylation, epigenetic pathways that were previously showed to be critical for the survival of TGCT cells after cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Similar patterns of PFOS-mediated gene expression occurred in PFOS-exposed cells in vitro. Metabolomic studies revealed that PFOS also altered metabolites associated with steroid biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism in TGCT cells, consistent with the proposed ability of PFAS to mimic fatty acid-based ligands controlling lipid metabolism and the proposed role of PFAS as endocrine disrupters. Our data, is the first cell and animal based study on PFAS in TGCTs, support a pro-tumorigenic effect of PFAS on TGCT biology and suggests epigenetic, metabolic, and endocrine disruption as potential mechanisms of action that are consistent with the non-mutagenic nature of the PFAS class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raya I. Boyd
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (R.I.B.); (D.S.); (Z.F.); (B.C.R.); (S.J.F.)
| | - Doha Shokry
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (R.I.B.); (D.S.); (Z.F.); (B.C.R.); (S.J.F.)
| | - Zeeshan Fazal
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (R.I.B.); (D.S.); (Z.F.); (B.C.R.); (S.J.F.)
| | - Brayden C. Rennels
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (R.I.B.); (D.S.); (Z.F.); (B.C.R.); (S.J.F.)
| | - Sarah J. Freemantle
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (R.I.B.); (D.S.); (Z.F.); (B.C.R.); (S.J.F.)
| | - Michael R. La Frano
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Gail S. Prins
- Departments of Urology, Pathology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Chicago Center for Health and Environment, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Zeynep Madak Erdogan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Cancer Center of Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Cancer Center of Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ratnakar Singh
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (R.I.B.); (D.S.); (Z.F.); (B.C.R.); (S.J.F.)
| | - Michael J. Spinella
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (R.I.B.); (D.S.); (Z.F.); (B.C.R.); (S.J.F.)
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Cancer Center of Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Platen K, Langer F, Bayer R, Hollmann R, Schwenzel J, Busse M. Influence of Molecular Weight and Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide on the Thermal Processability of Poly(ethylene oxide) for Solid-State Electrolytes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3375. [PMID: 37631431 PMCID: PMC10459147 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
New energy systems such as all-solid-state battery (ASSB) technology are becoming increasingly important today. Recently, researchers have been investigating the transition from the lab-scale production of ASSB components to a larger scale. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is a promising candidate for the large-scale production of polymer-based solid electrolytes (SPEs) because it offers many processing options. Hence, in this work, the thermal processing route for a PEO-Lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) SPE in the ratio of 20:1 (EO:Li) is investigated using kneading experiments. Here, we clearly show the sensitivity of PEO during thermal processing, especially for high-molecular-weight PEO (Mw = 600,000 g mol-1). LiTFSI acts as a plasticizer for low-molecular-weight PEO (Mw = 100,000 g mol-1), while it amplifies the degradation of high-molecular-weight PEO. Further, LiTFSI affects the thermal properties of PEO and its crystallinity. This leads to a higher chain mobility in the polymer matrix, which improves the flowability. In addition, the spherulite size of the produced PEO electrolytes differs from the molecular weight. This work demonstrates that low-molecular-weight PEO is more suitable for thermal processing as a solid electrolyte due to the process stability. High-molecular-weight PEO, especially, is strongly influenced by the process settings and LiTFSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Platen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM), Lilienthalplatz 1, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frederieke Langer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM), Lilienthalplatz 1, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roland Bayer
- DDP Specialty Products Germany GmbH & Co. KG, Business Unit Pharma Solutions/Health, International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. (IFF), August-Wolff-Straße 13, 29699 Walsrode-Bomlitz, Germany
| | - Robert Hollmann
- DDP Specialty Products Germany GmbH & Co. KG, Business Unit Pharma Solutions/Health, International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. (IFF), August-Wolff-Straße 13, 29699 Walsrode-Bomlitz, Germany
| | - Julian Schwenzel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM), Wiener Straße 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Matthias Busse
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM), Wiener Straße 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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5
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Li Z, Wang L, Yu M, Liu Y, Liu B, Sun Z, Hu W, Zhu G. Lithium-Rich Porous Aromatic Framework-Based Quasi-Solid Polymer Electrolyte for High-Performance Lithium Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:53798-53807. [PMID: 36441518 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window, and high mechanical strength is the key factor to realize high-energy-density solid lithium ion batteries (SLIBs). Porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) have the advantages of high porosity, easily functionalized molecular structure, and rigid stable framework, which fully meet the requirements of solid polymer electrolytes with high Li+ capacity, fast Li+ transport, and safety. Herein, a lithium-rich amidoxime (AO)-modified porous aromatic framework (PAF-170-AO) was obtained through the absorption of LiTFSI by amidoxime groups and abundant pores and then compounded with poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) to prepare a PAF-based quasi-solid polymer electrolyte (PAF-QSPE) with only tiny amounts of plasticizer (∼12 μL). The amidoxime groups of PAF-170-AO restricted the movement of the anions of LiTFSI through hydrogen bonding, which effectively promoted the dissociation and migration number of Li+ (tLi+), reduced the concentration polarization, and inhibited the growth of lithium dendrites. The PAF-QSPE exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 1.75 × 10-4 S cm-1 and tLi+ of 0.55 at room temperature. The activation energy was as low as 0.136 eV. Furthermore, the assembled SLIBs with the PAF-QSPE presented a discharge capacity of 163 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C and a capacity retention rate of 96% after 350 cycles, illustrating a stable cycling performance. This work demonstrated the great application potential of lithium-rich PAFs in QSPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangnan Li
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin130024, P. R. China
| | - Liying Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin130024, P. R. China
| | - Mengxuan Yu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin130024, P. R. China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin130024, P. R. China
| | - Baijun Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun130022, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin130024, P. R. China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin130024, P. R. China
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Raj A, Panchireddy S, Grignard B, Detrembleur C, Gohy JF. Bio-Based Solid Electrolytes Bearing Cyclic Carbonates for Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202200913. [PMID: 35839135 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Green resources for lithium-based batteries excite many researchers due to their eco-friendly nature. In this work, a sustainable bio-based solid-state electrolyte was developed based on carbonated soybean oil (CSBO), obtained by organocatalyzed coupling of CO2 to epoxidized soybean oil. CSBO coupled with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt on a bio-based cellulose separator resulted in free-standing membranes. Those membranes on electrochemical measurements exhibited ionic conductivity of around 10-3 S cm-1 at 100 °C and around 10-6 S cm-1 at room temperature with wide electrochemical stability window (up to 4.6 V vs. Li/Li+ ) and transference number up to 0.39 at RT. Further investigations on the galvanostatic charge-discharge of LiFePO4 cathodes with CSBO-based electrolyte membranes and lithium metal anodes delivered the gravimetric capacity of 112 and 157 mAh g-1 at RT and 60 °C, respectively, providing a promising direction to further develop bio-based solid electrolytes for sustainable solid-state lithium batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Raj
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Satyannarayana Panchireddy
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du 6 août, Building B6A, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du 6 août, Building B6A, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Gohy
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Zhang Z, Li Z, Deng L, Gao Y, Wang C, Xu J, Li T, Gao P. Hot-Air Treatment-Regulated Diffusion of LiTFSI to Accelerate the Aging-Induced Efficiency Rising of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:4378-4388. [PMID: 35029110 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with LiTFSI-doped Spiro-OMeTAD as the hole transport layer (HTL) generally require aging in the air to achieve high efficiency (a.k.a. aging-induced efficiency rising), but attention is rarely paid to the synergistic effects of temperature and humidity during the ambient aging. In this work, based on the understanding of the doping mechanism of Spiro-OMeTAD, we develop an ambient condition-controlled hot-air treatment (HAT) for such kinds of PSCs to further improve the device efficiency and relieve the photocurrent hysteresis. After storing the PSCs at a temperature of 35-40 °C and humidity of 35-40% RH for 30 min, efficient redistribution of LiTFSI in Spiro-OMeTAD enables much-increased conductivity due to the increased concentration of Spiro-OMeTAD+·O2- and Spiro-OMeTAD+·TFSI-, leading to an enhanced fill factor. From the light intensity-dependent Voc and capacitance-voltage measurements, the Voc enhancement is proven to be originated from the change in dominant recombination type from trap-assisted interfacial recombination to bulk Shockley-Read-Hall recombination and the improved carrier dynamics at the perovskite/HTL interface. Furthermore, the decreased density and migration of shallow-level charge traps result in the negligible hysteresis of treated devices. Our work provides new insights into the effect of ambient aging on PSCs with Spiro-OMeTAD and reveals the potentials of HAT to improve the device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zicheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Longhui Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yifeng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Can Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tinghao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Peng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
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Bai L, Ghiassinejad S, Brassinne J, Fu Y, Wang J, Yang H, Vlad A, Minoia A, Lazzaroni R, Gohy JF. High Salt-Content Plasticized Flame-Retardant Polymer Electrolytes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:44844-44859. [PMID: 34505760 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
New solid polymer electrolytes are of particular interest for next-generation high-energy batteries since they can overcome the limited voltage window of conventional polyether-based electrolytes. Herein, a flame-retardant phosphorus-containing polymer, poly(dimethyl(methacryloyloxy)methyl phosphonate) (PMAPC1) is introduced as a promising polymer matrix. Free-standing membranes are easily obtained by mixing PMAPC1 with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and a small amount of acetonitrile (AN). LiTFSI/AN mixed aggregates are formed that act as plasticizers and enable ionic conductivities up to 1.6 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 100 °C. The high content of LiTFSI used in our electrolytes leads to the formation of a stable LiF solid-electrolyte interphase, which can effectively suppress Li dendrites and the chemical degradation of AN in contact with Li. Accordingly the electrolyte membranes exhibit a wide electrochemical stability window above 4.7 V versus Li+/Li and fire-retardant properties due to the presence of the phosphorus-containing polymer. Atomistic molecular modeling simulations have been performed to determine the structure of the electrolytes on the microscopic scale and to rationalize the trends in ionic conductivity and the transport regime as a function of the electrolyte composition. Finally, our electrolyte membranes enable stable cycling performance for LiFePO4|PMAPC1 + LiTFSI + AN|Li batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Bai
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sina Ghiassinejad
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jérémy Brassinne
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yang Fu
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jiande Wang
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hui Yang
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alexandru Vlad
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Andrea Minoia
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons-UMONS, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons-UMONS, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Gohy
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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9
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Song J, Si Y, Guo W, Wang D, Fu Y. Organosulfide-Based Deep Eutectic Electrolyte for Lithium Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9881-9885. [PMID: 33651453 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic electrolytes (DEEs) are a new class of electrolytes with unique properties. However, the intermolecular interactions of DEEs are mostly dominated by Li⋅⋅⋅O interactions, limiting the diversity of chemical space and material constituents. Herein, we report a new class of DEEs induced by Li⋅⋅⋅N interactions between 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide (DpyDS) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). The strong ion-dipole interaction triggers the deep eutectic phenomenon, thus liberating the Li+ from LiTFSI and endowing the DEEs with promising ionic conductivity. These DEEs show admirable intrinsic safety, which cannot be ignited by flame. The DEE at the molar ratio of DpyDS:LiTFSI=4:1 (abbreviated as DEE-4:1) is electrochemically stable between 2.1 and 4.0 V vs. Li/Li+ , and exhibits an ionic conductivity of 1.5×10-4 S cm-1 at 50 °C. The Li/LiFePO4 half cell with DEE-4:1 can provide a reversible capacity of 130 mAh g-1 and Coulombic efficiency above 98 % at 50 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahan Song
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Si
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yongzhu Fu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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10
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Konefał R, Morávková Z, Paruzel B, Patsula V, Abbrent S, Szutkowski K, Jurga S. Effect of PAMAM Dendrimers on Interactions and Transport of LiTFSI and NaTFSI in Propylene Carbonate-Based Electrolytes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1595. [PMID: 32708361 PMCID: PMC7407142 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM)-based electrolytes are prepared by dissolving the PAMAM half-generations G1.5 or G2.5 in propylene carbonate (PC), either with lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) or sodium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI) salts. The solutions, designed for ion battery applications, are studied in terms of ions transport properties. Raman Spectroscopy reveals information about the interactions between cations and PAMAM dendrimers as well as full dissociation of the salts in all solutions. Pulsed-field gradient Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (PFG NMR), measured as a function of both temperature and PAMAM concentration, are obtained for the cation, anion, solvent, and dendrimer molecules using lithium (7Li), sodium (23Na), fluorine (19F), and hydrogen (1H) NMR, respectively. It was found that lithium diffusion is slow compared to the larger TFSI anion and decreases with PAMAM concentration due to interactions between cation and dendrimer. Comparison of conductivities calculated from diffusion coefficients using the Nernst-Einstein equation, with conductivity measurements obtained from Impedance Spectroscopy (IS), shows slightly higher IS conductivities, caused among others by PAMAM conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (Z.M.); (B.P.); (V.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Zuzana Morávková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (Z.M.); (B.P.); (V.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Bartosz Paruzel
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (Z.M.); (B.P.); (V.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Vitalii Patsula
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (Z.M.); (B.P.); (V.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Sabina Abbrent
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (Z.M.); (B.P.); (V.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Kosma Szutkowski
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Stefan Jurga
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.S.); (S.J.)
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11
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Yang Y, Liu C, Cai M, Liao Y, Ding Y, Ma S, Liu X, Guli M, Dai S, Nazeeruddin MK. Dimension-Controlled Growth of Antimony-Based Perovskite-like Halides for Lead-Free and Semitransparent Photovoltaics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:17062-17069. [PMID: 32172558 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) has been identified as a promising candidate for replacing toxic lead (Pb) in perovskite materials because Sb-based perovskite-like halides exhibit not only intrinsic thermodynamic stability but also a unique set of intriguing optoelectronic characteristics. However, Sb-based perovskite-like halides still suffer from poor film morphology and uncontrollable halide constituents, which result from the disorder of the growth process. Herein, we propose a simple strategy to facilitate heterogeneous nucleation and control the dimension transformation by introducing bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium (LiTFSI), which produces high-quality two-dimensional MA3Sb2I9-xClx films. As the spacer molecule among Sb-based pyramidal clusters, LiTFSI plays a role in forming a zero-dimensional intermediate phase and retarding crystallization. The slower dimension transformation well stabilizes the band gap of perovskite-like films with a fixed Cl/I ratio (∼7:2) and avoids random "x" values in MA3Sb2I9-xClx films prepared from the conventional method. Based on this method, Sb-based perovskite-like solar cells (PLSCs) achieve the highest recorded power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.34% and retain 90% of the initial PCE after being stored under ambient conditions for over 1400 h. More importantly, semitransparent Sb-based PLSCs with PCEs from 2.62 to 3.06% and average visible transparencies from 42 to 23% are successfully obtained, which indicates the great potential of the emerging Pb-free halide semiconductor for broad photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Molang Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Yinjie Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Yong Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Xuepeng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Mina Guli
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Songyuan Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL Valais, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
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12
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Iliksu M, Khetan A, Yang S, Simon U, Pitsch H, Sauer DU. Elucidation and Comparison of the Effect of LiTFSI and LiNO 3 Salts on Discharge Chemistry in Nonaqueous Li-O 2 Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:19319-19325. [PMID: 28485949 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of lithium salts in determining the discharge capacity of Li-O2 batteries has been highlighted in several recent studies; however, questions pertaining to their effect on the cathode surface and in the solution phase still remain unanswered. We conducted galvanostatic discharge experiments with different compositions of a binary mixture of 1 M of LiNO3 and LiTFSI in tetraglyme (TEGDME) as the electrolyte and analyzed the discharge products using techniques such as FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM. It was observed that there is a nonlinear correlation between the electrolyte composition and the first discharge capacity, with the highest discharge capacity achieved with the electrolyte composition as 0.75 M LiNO3 and 0.25 M LiTFSI. The ID/IG values obtained from Raman spectroscopy, which represent the degree of order in the carbon cathode surface, were found to be correlated to the measured capacity. Our results indicate that at concentrations of LiNO3 higher than 0.75 M in the electrolyte, nitrogen doping of the carbon surface reaches a critical limit, beyond which it becomes unfavorable for the discharge process. On the other hand, decomposition of the electrolyte and formation of an amorphous layer on the cathode surface was found to intensify with increasing LiTFSI concentration. Our results show that the maximum discharge capacity of the cells is strongly dependent on the surface structure of the carbon cathode, which in turn is heavily influenced by the electrolyte composition. Classical molecular dynamics simulations of the same system indicated no such nonlinearity in the co-ordination of Li+ ions with respect to electrolyte composition, indicating that the ionic association strength of the anion may have only a limited effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Iliksu
- Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Group, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, 52066, Germany
- Juelich Aachen Research Alliance-JARA , Juelich, 52428, Germany
| | - Abhishek Khetan
- Institute for Combustion Technology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, 52056, Germany
| | - Shuo Yang
- Juelich Aachen Research Alliance-JARA , Juelich, 52428, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Ulrich Simon
- Juelich Aachen Research Alliance-JARA , Juelich, 52428, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Heinz Pitsch
- Institute for Combustion Technology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, 52056, Germany
| | - Dirk Uwe Sauer
- Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Group, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, 52066, Germany
- Juelich Aachen Research Alliance-JARA , Juelich, 52428, Germany
- Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), E.ON ERC, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, 52074, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Muenster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Muenster, 48149, Germany
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