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Mamaghaniyeh R, Zandieh A, Goliaei B, Nezamtaheri MS, Shariatpanahi SP. Effects of exposure to alternating low-intensity, intermediate-frequency electric fields on the differentiation of human leukemic cell line U937. Bioelectromagnetics 2024; 45:48-57. [PMID: 37870254 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Studying the bioeffects of electric fields have been the subject of ongoing research which led to promising therapeutic effect, particularly in cancer treatment. Here, we investigated the impact of low-intensity, intermediate-frequency alternating electric fields on the differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cell line U937. The results showed a near twofold increase in differentiation of U937 cells treated for 24 h by alternating 600 kHz, 150 V/m electric fields, in comparison to their control groups. This measure was evaluated by latex bead phagocytosis assay, nitro blue tetrazolium test, and cell cycle analysis which revealed a significant shift in the number of cells from G2 +M to G0 +G1 phases. The simulation result for the intracellular field intensity showed around 50% attenuation with respect to the applied external field for our setup which ruled out masking of the applied field by the internal electric noise of the cell. Based on previous studies we postulate a possible calcium-related effect for the observed differentiation, yet the exact underlying mechanism requires further investigation. Finally, our results may offer a potential therapeutic method for leukemia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayehe Mamaghaniyeh
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirali Zandieh
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Goliaei
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam S Nezamtaheri
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed P Shariatpanahi
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Huynh QS, Holsinger RMD. Development of a Cell Culture Chamber for Investigating the Therapeutic Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Neural Growth. Biomedicines 2024; 12:289. [PMID: 38397891 PMCID: PMC10886545 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural electric fields exist throughout the body during development and following injury, and, as such, EFs have the potential to be utilized to guide cell growth and regeneration. Electrical stimulation (ES) can also affect gene expression and other cellular behaviors, including cell migration and proliferation. To investigate the effects of electric fields on cells in vitro, a sterile chamber that delivers electrical stimuli is required. Here, we describe the construction of an ES chamber through the modification of an existing lid of a 6-well cell culture plate. Using human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, we tested the biocompatibility of materials, such as Araldite®, Tefgel™ and superglue, that were used to secure and maintain platinum electrodes to the cell culture plate lid, and we validated the electrical properties of the constructed ES chamber by calculating the comparable electrical conductivities of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and cell culture media from voltage and current measurements obtained from the ES chamber. Various electrical signals and durations of stimulation were tested on SH-SY5Y cells. Although none of the signals caused significant cell death, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays revealed that shorter stimulation times and lower currents minimized negative effects. This design can be easily replicated and can be used to further investigate the therapeutic effects of electrical stimulation on neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quy-Susan Huynh
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - R. M. Damian Holsinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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3
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Shen H, Li Q, Song W, Jiang X. Microfluidic on-chip valve and pump for applications in immunoassays. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:341-348. [PMID: 36602133 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
On-chip valves can simplify a microfluidic chip and make it easy to operate. However, most on-chip valves already reported still need complicated manufacture and sophisticated supporting devices. In this work, we present a straightforward on-chip valve, which can be serially connected, to form an on-chip pump. The liquid can horizontally flow one way by the regular deformations of flexure strips in the two valves at both sides of the chamber under pressure changes in microchannels generated by repeated vertical movements of linear actuators. The volume of this system including the chip and the supporting device is 0.65 cubic decimeters, which is much smaller than that of reported systems with a volume of at least 12 cubic decimeters, and the weight of this system is only 0.56 kg, making it possible for point-of-care testing. We carry out an immunoassay of folic acid on chip, and the results show satisfactory reproducibility with acceptable coefficients of variation. We determine 163 clinical human serum samples for folic acid. Furthermore, we detect transferrin, cobalamin and folic acid simultaneously on one chip with both sandwich and competitive binding immunoassay methods. We anticipate that this on-chip valve and pump can be applied in immunoassays and other biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Shen
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiliang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children Health, Beijing 100045, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenqi Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children Health, Beijing 100045, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Perfusion in Organ-on-Chip Models and Its Applicability to the Replication of Spermatogenesis In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105402. [PMID: 35628214 PMCID: PMC9141186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ/organoid-on-a-chip (OoC) technologies aim to replicate aspects of the in vivo environment in vitro, at the scale of microns. Mimicking the spatial in vivo structure is important and can provide a deeper understanding of the cell–cell interactions and the mechanisms that lead to normal/abnormal function of a given organ. It is also important for disease models and drug/toxin testing. Incorporating active fluid flow in chip models enables many more possibilities. Active flow can provide physical cues, improve intercellular communication, and allow for the dynamic control of the environment, by enabling the efficient introduction of biological factors, drugs, or toxins. All of this is in addition to the fundamental role of flow in supplying nutrition and removing waste metabolites. This review presents an overview of the different types of fluid flow and how they are incorporated in various OoC models. The review then describes various methods and techniques of incorporating perfusion networks into OoC models, including self-assembly, bioprinting techniques, and utilizing sacrificial gels. The second part of the review focuses on the replication of spermatogenesis in vitro; the complex process whereby spermatogonial stem cells differentiate into mature sperm. A general overview is given of the various approaches that have been used. The few studies that incorporated microfluidics or vasculature are also described. Finally, a future perspective is given on elements from perfusion-based models that are currently used in models of other organs and can be applied to the field of in vitro spermatogenesis. For example, adopting tubular blood vessel models to mimic the morphology of the seminiferous tubules and incorporating vasculature in testis-on-a-chip models. Improving these models would improve our understanding of the process of spermatogenesis. It may also potentially provide novel therapeutic strategies for pre-pubertal cancer patients who need aggressive chemotherapy that can render them sterile, as well asfor a subset of non-obstructive azoospermic patients with maturation arrest, whose testes do not produce sperm but still contain some of the progenitor cells.
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Wei X, Liu C, Li Z, Zhang D, Zhang W, Li Y, Shi J, Wang X, Zhai X, Gong Y, Zou X. A cell-based electrochemical sensor for assessing immunomodulatory effects by atrazine and its metabolites. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 203:114015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhu C, Maldonado J, Sengupta K. CMOS-Based Electrokinetic Microfluidics With Multi-Modal Cellular and Bio-Molecular Sensing for End-to-End Point-of-Care System. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2021; 15:1250-1267. [PMID: 34914597 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2021.3136165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The importance of point-of-care (POC) bio-molecular diagnostics capable of rapid analysis has become abundantly evident after the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. While sensing interfaces for both protein and nucleic-acid based assays have been demonstrated with chip-scale systems, sample preparation in compact form factor has often been a major bottleneck in enabling end-to-end POC diagnostics. Miniaturization of an end-to-end system requires addressing the front-end sample processing, without which, the goal for low-cost POC diagnostics remain elusive. In this paper, we address bulk fluid processing with AC-osmotic based electrokinetic fluid flows that can be fully controlled, processed and automated by CMOS ICs, fabricated in TSMC 65 nm LP process. Here, we combine bulk fluid flow control with bio-molecular sensing, cell manipulation, cytometry, and separation-all of which are controlled with silicon chips for an all-in-one bio-sensing device. We show CMOS controlled pneumatic-free bulk fluid flow with fluid velocities reaching up to 160 μm/s within a microfluidic channel of 100 × 50 μm 2 of cross-sectional area. We incorporate electrode arrays to allow precise control and focused cell flows ( ±2 μm precision) for robust cytometry, and for subsequent separation. We also incorporate a 16-element impedance spectroscopy receiver array for cell and label-free protein sensing. The massive scalability of CMOS-driven microfluidics, manipulation, and sensing can lead to a new design space and a new class of miniaturized sensing technologies.
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Ul Haq A, Carotenuto F, Di Nardo P, Francini R, Prosposito P, Pescosolido F, De Matteis F. Extrinsically Conductive Nanomaterials for Cardiac Tissue Engineering Applications. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:914. [PMID: 34442536 PMCID: PMC8402139 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the consequence of coronary artery thrombosis resulting in ischemia and necrosis of the myocardium. As a result, billions of contractile cardiomyocytes are lost with poor innate regeneration capability. This degenerated tissue is replaced by collagen-rich fibrotic scar tissue as the usual body response to quickly repair the injury. The non-conductive nature of this tissue results in arrhythmias and asynchronous beating leading to total heart failure in the long run due to ventricular remodelling. Traditional pharmacological and assistive device approaches have failed to meet the utmost need for tissue regeneration to repair MI injuries. Engineered heart tissues (EHTs) seem promising alternatives, but their non-conductive nature could not resolve problems such as arrhythmias and asynchronous beating for long term in-vivo applications. The ability of nanotechnology to mimic the nano-bioarchitecture of the extracellular matrix and the potential of cardiac tissue engineering to engineer heart-like tissues makes it a unique combination to develop conductive constructs. Biomaterials blended with conductive nanomaterials could yield conductive constructs (referred to as extrinsically conductive). These cell-laden conductive constructs can alleviate cardiac functions when implanted in-vivo. A succinct review of the most promising applications of nanomaterials in cardiac tissue engineering to repair MI injuries is presented with a focus on extrinsically conductive nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Ul Haq
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (P.D.N.); (F.P.)
- CIMER, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.F.); (P.P.); (F.D.M.)
| | - Felicia Carotenuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (P.D.N.); (F.P.)
- CIMER, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.F.); (P.P.); (F.D.M.)
| | - Paolo Di Nardo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (P.D.N.); (F.P.)
- CIMER, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.F.); (P.P.); (F.D.M.)
- L.L. Levshin Institute of Cluster Oncology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roberto Francini
- CIMER, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.F.); (P.P.); (F.D.M.)
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Prosposito
- CIMER, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.F.); (P.P.); (F.D.M.)
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pescosolido
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (P.D.N.); (F.P.)
- CIMER, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.F.); (P.P.); (F.D.M.)
| | - Fabio De Matteis
- CIMER, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.F.); (P.P.); (F.D.M.)
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Rueda-Gensini L, Serna JA, Cifuentes J, Cruz JC, Muñoz-Camargo C. Graphene Oxide-Embedded Extracellular Matrix-Derived Hydrogel as a Multiresponsive Platform for 3D Bioprinting Applications. Int J Bioprint 2021; 7:353. [PMID: 34286147 PMCID: PMC8287511 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v7i3.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrices (dECMs) have shown enormous potential for the biofabrication of tissues due to their biomimetic properties that promote enhanced cellular interaction and tissue regeneration. However, biofabrication schemes requiring electrostimulation pose an additional constraint due to the insulating properties of natural materials. Here, we propose a methacryloyl-modified decellularized small intestine submucosa (SISMA) hydrogel, embedded with graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, for extrusion-based 3D bioprinting applications that require electrostimulation. Methacryloyl biochemical modification is performed to enhance the mechanical stability of dECM constructs by mediating photo-crosslinking reactions, and a multistep fabrication scheme is proposed to harness the bioactive and hydrophilic properties of GO and electroconductive properties of reduced GO. For this, GO was initially dispersed in SISMA hydrogels by exploiting its hydrophilicity and protein adsorption capabilities, and in situ reduction was subsequently performed to confer electroconductive abilities. SISMA-GO composite hydrogels were successfully prepared with enhanced structural characteristics, as shown by the higher crosslinking degree and increased elastic response upon blue-light exposure. Moreover, GO was homogeneously dispersed without affecting photocrosslinking reactions and hydrogel shear-thinning properties. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were successfully bioprinted in SISMA-GO with high cell viability after 1 week and in situ reduction of GO during this period enhanced the electrical conductivity of these nanostructures. This work demonstrates the potential of SISMA-GO bioinks as bioactive and electroconductive scaffolds for electrostimulation applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rueda-Gensini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, 11171, Colombia
| | - Julian A. Serna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, 11171, Colombia
| | - Javier Cifuentes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, 11171, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, 11171, Colombia
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Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Liquid Metal Droplet Formation in a Co-Flowing Capillary Microfluidic Device. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11020169. [PMID: 32033467 PMCID: PMC7074579 DOI: 10.3390/mi11020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A two-phase flow axisymmetric numerical model was proposed to understand liquid metal droplet formation in a co-flowing capillary microfluidics device based on a phase field model. The droplet detachment processes were observed in the experiment and are in good agreement with the simulation method. The effects of the viscosities and flowrates of the continuous phase fluid, interfacial tension as well as the wetting property of the metallic needle against the bulk liquid metal on the droplet formation and production rate were numerically investigated. It was found that the droplet diameter decreased with the increment of the viscosities and flowrates of the outer phase carrier fluid. The dispersed phase fluid with high interfacial tension tended to prolong the time for equilibrium between the viscous drag force and interfacial tension on the liquid–liquid fluid surface, delaying the droplet to be pinched off from the capillary orifice and causing large droplet diameter. Finally, the wetting performance of the metallic needle against the liquid metal was explored. The result indicate that the droplet diameter became less dependent on the contact angle while the size distribution of the liquid metal droplet was affected by their wetting performance. A more hydrophilic wetting performance were expected to prepare liquid metal droplet with more monodispersity. The numerical model and simulation results provide the feasibility of predicting the droplet formation with a high surface tension in a glass capillary microfluidic device.
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Salari A, Navi M, Lijnse T, Dalton C. AC Electrothermal Effect in Microfluidics: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E762. [PMID: 31717932 PMCID: PMC6915365 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The electrothermal effect has been investigated extensively in microfluidics since the 1990s and has been suggested as a promising technique for fluid manipulations in lab-on-a-chip devices. The purpose of this article is to provide a timely overview of the previous works conducted in the AC electrothermal field to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers new to this field. First, electrokinetic phenomena are briefly introduced to show where the electrothermal effect stands, comparatively, versus other mechanisms. Then, recent advances in the electrothermal field are reviewed from different aspects and categorized to provide a better insight into the current state of the literature. Results and achievements of different studies are compared, and recommendations are made to help researchers weigh their options and decide on proper configuration and parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinaghi Salari
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada;
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Maryam Navi
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada;
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Thomas Lijnse
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Colin Dalton
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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11
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Koklu A, El Helou A, Raad PE, Beskok A. Characterization of Temperature Rise in Alternating Current Electrothermal Flow Using Thermoreflectance Method. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12492-12500. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Koklu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75205, United States
| | - Assaad El Helou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75205, United States
| | - Peter E. Raad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75205, United States
| | - Ali Beskok
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75205, United States
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12
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Salari A, Dalton C. Simultaneous Pumping and Mixing of Biological Fluids in a Double-Array Electrothermal Microfluidic Device. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10020092. [PMID: 30696037 PMCID: PMC6413218 DOI: 10.3390/mi10020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transport and mixing of minute amounts of biological fluids are significantly important in lab-on-a-chip devices. It has been shown that the electrothermal technique is a suitable candidate for applications involving high-conductivity biofluids, such as blood, saliva, and urine. Here, we introduce a double-array AC electrothermal (ACET) device consisting of two opposing microelectrode arrays, which can be used for simultaneous mixing and pumping. First, in a 2D simulation, an optimum electrode-pair configuration capable of achieving fast transverse mixing at a microfluidic channel cross-section is identified by comparing different electrode geometries. The results show that by adjusting the applied voltage pattern and position of the asymmetrical microelectrodes in the two arrays, due to the resultant circular flow streamlines, the time it takes for the analytes to be convected across the channel cross-section is reduced by 95% compared to a diffusion-only-based transport regime, and by 80% compared to a conventional two-layer ACET device. Using a 3D simulation, the fluid transport (pumping and mixing) capabilities of such an electrode pair placed at different angles longitudinally relative to the channel was studied. It was found that an asymmetrical electrode configuration placed at an angle in the range of 30°≤θ≤45° can significantly increase transversal mixing efficiency while generating strong longitudinal net flow. These findings are of interest for lab-on-a-chip applications, especially for biosensors and immunoassays, where mixing analyte solutions while simultaneously moving them through a microchannel can greatly enhance the sensing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinaghi Salari
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada.
| | - Colin Dalton
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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13
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Kunti G, Dhar J, Bhattacharya A, Chakraborty S. Joule heating-induced particle manipulation on a microfluidic chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:014113. [PMID: 30867883 PMCID: PMC6404938 DOI: 10.1063/1.5082978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We develop an electrokinetic technique that continuously manipulates colloidal particles to concentrate into patterned particulate groups in an energy efficient way, by exclusive harnessing of the intrinsic Joule heating effects. Our technique exploits the alternating current electrothermal flow phenomenon which is generated due to the interaction between non-uniform electric and thermal fields. Highly non-uniform electric field generates sharp temperature gradients by generating spatially-varying Joule heat that varies along the radial direction from a concentrated point hotspot. Sharp temperature gradients induce a local variation in electric properties which, in turn, generate a strong electrothermal vortex. The imposed fluid flow brings the colloidal particles at the centre of the hotspot and enables particle aggregation. Furthermore, maneuvering structures of the Joule heating spots, different patterns of particle clustering may be formed in a low power budget, thus opening up a new realm of on-chip particle manipulation process without necessitating a highly focused laser beam which is much complicated and demands higher power budget. This technique can find its use in Lab-on-a-chip devices to manipulate particle groups, including biological cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golak Kunti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Jayabrata Dhar
- CNRS, Universite de Rennes 1, Geosciences Rennes UMR6118, Rennes, France
| | - Anandaroop Bhattacharya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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14
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Sosa-Hernández JE, Villalba-Rodríguez AM, Romero-Castillo KD, Aguilar-Aguila-Isaías MA, García-Reyes IE, Hernández-Antonio A, Ahmed I, Sharma A, Parra-Saldívar R, Iqbal HMN. Organs-on-a-Chip Module: A Review from the Development and Applications Perspective. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E536. [PMID: 30424469 PMCID: PMC6215144 DOI: 10.3390/mi9100536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, ever-increasing scientific knowledge and modern high-tech advancements in micro- and nano-scales fabrication technologies have impacted significantly on various scientific fields. A micro-level approach so-called "microfluidic technology" has rapidly evolved as a powerful tool for numerous applications with special reference to bioengineering and biomedical engineering research. Therefore, a transformative effect has been felt, for instance, in biological sample handling, analyte sensing cell-based assay, tissue engineering, molecular diagnostics, and drug screening, etc. Besides such huge multi-functional potentialities, microfluidic technology also offers the opportunity to mimic different organs to address the complexity of animal-based testing models effectively. The combination of fluid physics along with three-dimensional (3-D) cell compartmentalization has sustained popularity as organ-on-a-chip. In this context, simple humanoid model systems which are important for a wide range of research fields rely on the development of a microfluidic system. The basic idea is to provide an artificial testing subject that resembles the human body in every aspect. For instance, drug testing in the pharma industry is crucial to assure proper function. Development of microfluidic-based technology bridges the gap between in vitro and in vivo models offering new approaches to research in medicine, biology, and pharmacology, among others. This is also because microfluidic-based 3-D niche has enormous potential to accommodate cells/tissues to create a physiologically relevant environment, thus, bridge/fill in the gap between extensively studied animal models and human-based clinical trials. This review highlights principles, fabrication techniques, and recent progress of organs-on-chip research. Herein, we also point out some opportunities for microfluidic technology in the future research which is still infancy to accurately design, address and mimic the in vivo niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey CP 64849, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Angel M Villalba-Rodríguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey CP 64849, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Kenya D Romero-Castillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey CP 64849, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Mauricio A Aguilar-Aguila-Isaías
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey CP 64849, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Isaac E García-Reyes
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey CP 64849, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Arturo Hernández-Antonio
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey CP 64849, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- School of Medical Science, Understanding Chronic Conditions Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University (Gold Coast Campus), Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Epigmenio Gonzalez 500, Queretaro CP 76130, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey CP 64849, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey CP 64849, N.L., Mexico.
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15
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Cancel LM, Arias K, Bikson M, Tarbell JM. Direct current stimulation of endothelial monolayers induces a transient and reversible increase in transport due to the electroosmotic effect. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9265. [PMID: 29915178 PMCID: PMC6006334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of direct current stimulation (DCS) on fluid and solute transport across endothelial cell (EC) monolayers in vitro. Our motivation was transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) that has been investigated for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, to enhance neurorehabilitation, and to change cognition in healthy subjects. The mechanisms underlying this diversity of applications remain under investigation. To address the possible role of blood-brain barrier (BBB) changes during tDCS, we applied direct current to cultured EC monolayers in a specially designed chamber that generated spatially uniform direct current. DCS induced fluid and solute movement across EC layers that persisted only for the duration of the stimulation suggesting an electroosmosis mechanism. The direction of induced transport reversed with DCS polarity - a hallmark of the electroosmotic effect. The magnitude of DCS-induced flow was linearly correlated to the magnitude of the applied current. A mathematical model based on a two-pore description of the endothelial transport barrier and a Helmholtz model of the electrical double layer describes the experimental data accurately and predicts enhanced significance of this mechanism in less permeable monolayers. This study demonstrates that DCS transiently alters the transport function of the BBB suggesting a new adjunct mechanism of tDCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limary M Cancel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, USA
| | - Katherin Arias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, USA
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, USA
| | - John M Tarbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, USA.
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16
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Ren Q. Investigation of pumping mechanism for non-Newtonian blood flow with AC electrothermal forces in a microchannel by hybrid boundary element method and immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1329-1338. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinlong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
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17
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Hossan MR, Dutta D, Islam N, Dutta P. Review: Electric field driven pumping in microfluidic device. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:702-731. [PMID: 29130508 PMCID: PMC5832652 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pumping of fluids with precise control is one of the key components in a microfluidic device. The electric field has been used as one of the most popular and efficient nonmechanical pumping mechanism to transport fluids in microchannels from the very early stage of microfluidic technology development. This review presents fundamental physics and theories of the different microscale phenomena that arise due to the application of an electric field in fluids, which can be applied for pumping of fluids in microdevices. Specific mechanisms considered in this report are electroosmosis, AC electroosmosis, AC electrothermal, induced charge electroosmosis, traveling wave dielectrophoresis, and liquid dielectrophoresis. Each phenomenon is discussed systematically with theoretical rigor and role of relevant key parameters are identified for pumping in microdevices. We specifically discussed the electric field driven body force term for each phenomenon using generalized Maxwell stress tensor as well as simplified effective dipole moment based method. Both experimental and theoretical works by several researchers are highlighted in this article for each electric field driven pumping mechanism. The detailed understanding of these phenomena and relevant key parameters are critical for better utilization, modulation, and selection of appropriate phenomenon for efficient pumping in a specific microfluidic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R. Hossan
- Department of Engineering and Physics, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Diganta Dutta
- Department of Physics, University of Nebraska, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Nazmul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX, USA
| | - Prashanta Dutta
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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18
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Mi S, Li B, Yi X, Xu Y, Du Z, Yang S, Li W, Sun W. An AC electrothermal self-circulating system with a minimalist process to construct a biomimetic liver lobule model for drug testing. RSC Adv 2018; 8:36987-36998. [PMID: 35557806 PMCID: PMC9089443 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03724h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver-on-chip, due to its precision and low cost for constructing in vitro models, has tremendous potential for drug toxicity testing and pathological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Mi
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
- Open FIESTA Center
| | - Baihan Li
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoman Yi
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Zhichang Du
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Shuaitao Yang
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics
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19
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Geng Y, Wang Y, Yan Y, Zhao X. A novel AFM-based 5-axis nanoscale machine tool for fabrication of nanostructures on a micro ball. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:115109. [PMID: 29195400 DOI: 10.1063/1.4994906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based 5-axis nanoscale machine tool developed to fabricate nanostructures on different annuli of the micro ball. Different nanostructures can be obtained by combining the scratching trajectory of the AFM tip with the movement of the high precision air-bearing spindle. The center of the micro ball is aligned to be coincided with the gyration center of the high precision to guarantee the machining process during the rotating of the air-bearing spindle. Processing on different annuli of the micro ball is achieved by controlling the distance between the center of the micro ball and the rotation center of the AFM head. Nanostructures including square cavities, circular cavities, triangular cavities, and an annular nanochannel are machined successfully on the three different circumferences of a micro ball with a diameter of 1500 μm. Moreover, the influences of the error motions of the high precision air-bearing spindle and the eccentric between the micro ball and the gyration center of the high precision air-bearing spindle on the processing position error on the micro ball are also investigated. This proposed machining method has the potential to prepare the inertial confinement fusion target with the expected dimension defects, which would advance the application of the AFM tip-based nanomachining approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanquan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhang Wang
- Center for Precision Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongda Yan
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesen Zhao
- Center for Precision Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
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20
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Kunti G, Bhattacharya A, Chakraborty S. Alternating current electrothermal modulated moving contact line dynamics of immiscible binary fluids over patterned surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:6377-6389. [PMID: 28868537 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00684e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the results of our numerical study on incompressible flow of a binary system of two immiscible fluids in a parallel plate capillary using alternating current electrothermal kinetics as the actuation mechanism for flow. The surfaces of the capillary are wetted with two different alternating wettability patches. The dynamic motion of the interface of the two fluids is tracked using a phase-field order parameter-based approach. The results exhibit a stick-slip behavior involving acceleration and deceleration of the interface due to the interplay of electrothermal (Coulomb and dielectric) and surface tension forces. Controlling the interface motion through effective tuning of the chemical characteristics of the surfaces and forcing parameters was explored in detail. Finally, we were able to find a critical value of the dimensionless strength of the alternating current electrothermal force above which the interface "breaks", resulting in the formation of isolated droplets. These results have the potential to improve fundamental understanding and design optimization of various biomedical and physiological systems that involve flow of two or more immiscible fluids over chemically wetted surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golak Kunti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India.
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21
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Fluid Flow and Mixing Induced by AC Continuous Electrowetting of Liquid Metal Droplet. MICROMACHINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC6190310 DOI: 10.3390/mi8040119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we proposed a novel design of a microfluidic mixer utilizing the amplified Marangoni chaotic advection induced by alternating current (AC) continuous electrowetting of a metal droplet situated in electrolyte solution, due to the linear and quadratic voltage-dependence of flow velocity at small or large voltages, respectively. Unlike previous researchers exploiting the unidirectional surface stress with direct current (DC) bias at droplet/medium interface for pumping of electrolytes where the resulting flow rate is linearly proportional to the field intensity, dominance of another kind of dipolar flow pattern caused by local Marangoni stress at the drop surface in a sufficiently intense AC electric field is demonstrated by both theoretical analysis and experimental observation, which exhibits a quadratic growth trend as a function of the applied voltage. The dipolar shear stress merely appears at larger voltages and greatly enhances the mixing performance by inducing chaotic advection between the neighboring laminar flow. The mixer design developed herein, on the basis of amplified Marangoni chaotic advection around a liquid metal droplet at larger AC voltages, has great potential for chemical reaction and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuator applications because of generating high-throughput and excellent mixing performance at the same time.
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22
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Lang Q, Ren Y, Hobson D, Tao Y, Hou L, Jia Y, Hu Q, Liu J, Zhao X, Jiang H. In-plane microvortices micromixer-based AC electrothermal for testing drug induced death of tumor cells. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:064102. [PMID: 27917250 PMCID: PMC5106430 DOI: 10.1063/1.4967455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we first describe a perfusion chip integrated with an AC electrothermal (ACET) micromixer to supply a uniform drug concentration to tumor cells. The in-plane fluid microvortices for mixing were generated by six pairs of reconstructed novel ACET asymmetric electrodes. To enhance the mixing efficiency, the novel ACET electrodes with rotating angles of 0°, 30°, and 60° were investigated. The asymmetric electrodes with a rotating angle of 60° exhibited the highest mixing efficiency by both simulated and experimental results. The length of the mixing area is 7 mm, and the mixing efficiency is 89.12% (approximate complete mixing) at a voltage of 3 V and a frequency of 500 kHz. The applicability of our micromixer with electrodes rotating at 60° was demonstrated by the drug (tamoxifen) test of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) for five days, which implies that our ACET in-plane microvortices micromixer has great potential for the application of drug induced rapid death of tumor cells and mixing of biomaterials in organs-on-a-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Divia Hobson
- Interdisciplinary division of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong King Polytechnique University , Hunghom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Likai Hou
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yankai Jia
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qingming Hu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiangwei Liu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Interdisciplinary division of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong King Polytechnique University , Hunghom, Hong Kong, China
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23
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Jia Y, Ren Y, Liu W, Hou L, Tao Y, Hu Q, Jiang H. Electrocoalescence of paired droplets encapsulated in double-emulsion drops. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4313-4318. [PMID: 27714017 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01052k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We utilize an ac electric field to trigger the on-demand fusion of two aqueous cores inside water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double-emulsion drops. We attribute the coalescence phenomenon to field-induced structural polarization and breakdown of the stress balance at interfaces. This method provides not only accurate control over the reaction time of coalescence but also protection of the reaction from cross contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Jia
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 PR China.
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 PR China. and State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 PR China.
| | - Weiyu Liu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 PR China.
| | - Likai Hou
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 PR China.
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 PR China.
| | - Qingming Hu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 PR China.
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 PR China. and State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 PR China.
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24
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Lang Q, Ren Y, Wu Y, Guo Y, Zhao X, Tao Y, Liu J, Zhao H, Lei L, Jiang H. A multifunctional resealable perfusion chip for cell culture and tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A multifunctional resealable perfusion chip is designed and fabricated to supply a dynamic in vitro environment to cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Yanshuang Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin 150081
- China
| | - Yongbo Guo
- School of Mechatronics Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Jiangwei Liu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Hong Zhao
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Histology and Embryology
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin 150081
- China
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
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