1
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Wu DT, Zhu WX, Dong Y, Daboczi M, Ham G, Hsieh HJ, Huang CJ, Xu W, Henderson C, Kim JS, Eslava S, Cha H, Macdonald TJ, Lin CT. Enhancing the Efficiency and Stability of Tin-Lead Perovskite Solar Cells via Sodium Hydroxide Dedoping of PEDOT:PSS. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400302. [PMID: 38634222 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained interest as candidates for the bottom cell of all-perovskite tandem solar cells due to their broad absorption of the solar spectrum. A notable challenge arises from the prevalent use of the hole transport layer, PEDOT:PSS, known for its inherently high doping level. This high doping level can lead to interfacial recombination, imposing a significant limitation on efficiency. Herein, NaOH is used to dedope PEDOT:PSS, with the aim of enhancing the efficiency of Sn-Pb PSCs. Secondary ion mass spectrometer profiles indicate that sodium ions diffuse into the perovskite layer, improving its crystallinity and enlarging its grains. Comprehensive evaluations, including photoluminescence and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, confirm that dedoping significantly reduces interfacial recombination, resulting in an open-circuit voltage as high as 0.90 V. Additionally, dedoping PEDOT:PSS leads to increased shunt resistance and high fill factor up to 0.81. As a result of these improvements, the power conversion efficiency is enhanced from 19.7% to 22.6%. Utilizing NaOH to dedope PEDOT:PSS also transitions its nature from acidic to basic, enhancing stability and exhibiting less than a 7% power conversion efficiency loss after 1176 h of storage in N2 atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Tai Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 402-27, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Xian Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 402-27, Taiwan
| | - Yueyao Dong
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Matyas Daboczi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gayoung Ham
- Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hsing-Jung Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 402-27, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jing Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 402-27, Taiwan
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Charlie Henderson
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Salvador Eslava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hyojung Cha
- Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Chieh-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 402-27, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
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2
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Moseley OI, Roose B, Zelewski SJ, Stranks SD. Identification and Mitigation of Transient Phenomena That Complicate the Characterization of Halide Perovskite Photodetectors. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2023; 6:10233-10242. [PMID: 37886222 PMCID: PMC10598628 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites have shown promise to advance the field of light detection in next-generation photodetectors, offering performance and functionality beyond what is currently possible with traditional inorganic semiconductors. Despite a relatively high density of defects in perovskite thin films, long carrier diffusion lengths and lifetimes suggest that many defects are benign. However, perovskite photodetectors show detection behavior that varies with time, creating inconsistent device performance and difficulties in accurate characterization. Here, we link the changing behavior to mobile defects that migrate through perovskites, leading to detector currents that drift on the time scale of seconds. These effects not only complicate reproducible device performance but also introduce characterization challenges. We demonstrate that such transient phenomena generate measurement artifacts that mean the value of specific detectivity measured can vary by up to 2 orders of magnitude even in the same device. The presence of defects can lead to photoconductive gain in photodetectors, and we show batch-to-batch processing variations in perovskite devices gives varying degrees of charge carrier injection and photocurrent amplification under low light intensities. We utilize the passivating effect of aging to reduce the impact of defects, minimizing current drifts and eliminating the gain. This work highlights the potential issues arising from mobile defects, which lead to inconsistent photodetector operation, and identifies the potential for defects to tune photodetection behavior in perovskite photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver
D. I. Moseley
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Bart Roose
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Szymon J. Zelewski
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
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3
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Hoang Huy VP, Nguyen TMH, Bark CW. Recent Advances of Doped SnO 2 as Electron Transport Layer for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6170. [PMID: 37763449 PMCID: PMC10532999 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered considerable attention over the past decade owing to their low cost and proven high power conversion efficiency of over 25%. In the planar heterojunction PSC structure, tin oxide was utilized as a substitute material for the TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL) owing to its similar physical properties and high mobility, which is suitable for electron mining. Nevertheless, the defects and morphology significantly changed the performance of SnO2 according to the different deposition techniques, resulting in the poor performance of PSCs. In this review, we provide a comprehensive insight into the factors that specifically influence the ETL in PSC. The properties of the SnO2 materials are briefly introduced. In particular, the general operating principles, as well as the suitability level of doping in SnO2, are elucidated along with the details of the obtained results. Subsequently, the potential for doping is evaluated from the obtained results to achieve better results in PSCs. This review aims to provide a systematic and comprehensive understanding of the effects of different types of doping on the performance of ETL SnO2 and potentially instigate further development of PSCs with an extension to SnO2-based PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chung Wung Bark
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea; (V.P.H.H.); (T.M.H.N.)
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4
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Shin S, Seo S, Jeong S, Sharbirin AS, Kim J, Ahn H, Park NG, Shin H. Kinetic-Controlled Crystallization of α-FAPbI 3 Inducing Preferred Crystallographic Orientation Enhances Photovoltaic Performance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300798. [PMID: 36994651 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Crystallization kinetic controls the crystallographic orientation, inducing anisotropic properties of the materials. As a result, preferential orientation with advanced optoelectronic properties can enhance the photovoltaic devices' performance. Although incorporation of additives is one of the most studied methods to stabilize the photoactive α-phase of formamidinium lead tri-iodide (α-FAPbI3 ), no studies focus on how the additives affect the crystallization kinetics. Along with the role of methylammonium chloride (MACl) as a "stabilizer" in the formation of α-FAPbI3 , herein, the additional role as a "controller" in the crystallization kinetics is pointed out. With microscopic observations, for example, electron backscatter diffraction and selected area electron diffraction, it is examined that higher concentration of MACl induces slower crystallization kinetics, resulting in larger grain size and [100] preferred orientation. Optoelectronic properties of [100] preferentially oriented grains with less non-radiative recombination, a longer lifetime of charge carriers, and lower photocurrent deviations in between each grain induce higher short-circuit current density (Jsc ) and fill factor. Resulting MACl40 mol% attains the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.1%. The results provide observations of a direct correlation between the crystallographic orientation and device performance as it highlights the importance of crystallization kinetics resulting in desirable microstructures for device engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooeun Shin
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongrok Seo
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Seonghwa Jeong
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Anir S Sharbirin
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyong Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Shin
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
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5
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Sadegh F, Akman E, Prochowicz D, Tavakoli MM, Yadav P, Akin S. Facile NaF Treatment Achieves 20% Efficient ETL-Free Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38631-38641. [PMID: 35979724 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electron transporting layer (ETL)-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit promising progress in photovoltaic devices due to the elimination of the complex and energy-/time-consuming preparation route of ETLs. However, the performance of ETL-free devices still lags behind conventional devices because of mismatched energy levels and undesired interfacial charge recombination. In this study, we introduce sodium fluoride (NaF) as an interface layer in ETL-free PSCs to align the energy level between the perovskite and the FTO electrode. KPFM measurements clearly show that the NaF layer covers the surface of rough underlying FTO very well. This interface modification reduces the work function of FTO by forming an interfacial dipole layer, leading to band bending at the FTO/perovskite interface, which facilitates an effective electron carrier collection. Besides, the part of Na+ ions is found to be able to migrate into the absorber layer, facilitating enlarged grains and spontaneous passivation of the perovskite layer. As a result, the efficiency of the NaF-treated cell reaches 20%, comparable to those of state-of-the-art ETL-based cells. Moreover, this strategy effectively enhances the operational stability of devices by preserving 94% of the initial efficiency after storage for 500 h under continuous light soaking at 55 °C. Overall, these improvements in photovoltaic properties are clear indicators of enhanced interface passivation by NaF-based interface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Sadegh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Erdi Akman
- Laboratory of Photovoltaic Cells (PVcells), Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70200 Karaman, Türkiye
| | - Daniel Prochowicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Tavakoli
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Department of Solar Energy, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar382 007, Gujarat, India
| | - Seckin Akin
- Laboratory of Photovoltaic Cells (PVcells), Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70200 Karaman, Türkiye
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42060 Konya, Türkiye
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6
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Eatmon Y, Romiluyi O, Ganley C, Ni R, Pelczer I, Clancy P, Rand BP, Schwartz J. Untying the Cesium "Not": Cesium-Iodoplumbate Complexation in Perovskite Solution-Processing Inks Has Implications for Crystallization. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6130-6137. [PMID: 35759533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We illustrate the critical importance of the energetics of cation-solvent versus cation-iodoplumbate interactions in determining the stability of ABX3 perovskite precursors in a dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent medium. We have shown, through a complementary suite of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and computational studies, that Cs+ exhibits significantly different solvent vs iodoplumbate interactions compared to organic A+-site cations such as CH3NH3+ (MA+). Two NMR studies were conducted: 133Cs NMR analysis shows that Cs+ and MA+ compete for coordination with PbI3- in DMF. 207Pb NMR studies of PbI2 with cationic iodides show that perovskite-forming Cs+ (and, somewhat, Rb+) do not comport with the 207Pb chemical shift trend found for Li+, Na+, and K+. Three independent computational approaches (density functional theory (DFT), ab initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD), and a polarizable force field within Molecular Dynamics) yielded strikingly similar results: Cs+ interacts more strongly with the PbI3- iodoplumbate than does MA+ in a polar solvent environment like DMF. The stronger energy preference for PbI3- coordination of Cs+ vs MA+ in DMF demonstrates that Cs+ is not simply a postcrystallization cation "fit" for the perovskite A+-site. Instead, it may facilitate preorganization of the framework precursor that eventually transforms into the crystalline perovskite structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Eatmon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Oluwaseun Romiluyi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Connor Ganley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Ruihao Ni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - István Pelczer
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paulette Clancy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Barry P Rand
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jeffrey Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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7
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Multi-cation hybrid stannic oxide electron transport layer for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 614:415-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Go JY, Zhu H, Reo Y, Kim H, Liu A, Noh YY. Sodium Incorporation for Enhanced Performance of Two-Dimensional Sn-Based Perovskite Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9363-9367. [PMID: 35147020 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional metal halide perovskites (2D MHPs) are promising candidates for transistor channel materials because of their high mobility in the lateral direction; however, Sn-based 2D MHPs exhibit poor film quality and oxidation stability. Here, we report a simple method to improve the performance and stability of 2D MHP transistors by incorporating sodium iodide (NaI) additives. By adding 1 vol % NaI (Na1), the transistors with phenethylammonium tin iodide (PEA2SnI4) exhibited reduced dual-sweep hysteresis, robust bias stability, and larger hole mobility (2.13 cm2 V-1 s-1) than that of a pristine device (0.39 cm2 V-1 s-1). Improvements in the film quality, such as increased grain size, crystallinity, and better film coverage, were observed in the PEA2SnI4:NaI film. In addition, NaI effectively passivated the iodine vacancies at the grain boundaries, thereby suppressing the defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Go
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Huihui Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjin Reo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ao Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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9
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Lin CC, Murakami TN, Chikamatsu M, Bessho T, Furue M, Segawa H. A Sodium Chloride Modification of SnO 2 Electron Transport Layers to Enhance the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:17880-17889. [PMID: 34308023 PMCID: PMC8296025 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A sodium chloride modification was applied where different amounts of sodium chloride was physically blended in a tin oxide colloid solution to passivate the interface between the electron transport layer (ETL) and perovskite layer and improve the performance of perovskite solar cells. Sodium chloride-modified tin oxide was utilized as the electron transport material to fabricate perovskite solar cells. It was found that sodium chloride-modified tin oxide as an ETL could considerably enhance the performance of the device compared to pristine tin oxide. The power conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell displayed 8.8% remarkable improvement from 18.7 ± 0.4% to 20.3 ± 0.3% on average and 9.5% improvement from 18.9 to 20.7% in champion devices because of the considerable enhancement of the fill factor when 25 mM sodium chloride-modified tin oxide as the ETL was used in comparison with pristine tin oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Chang Lin
- Department
of General System Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Takurou N. Murakami
- Global
Zero Emission Research Center (GZR), National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 100-8921, Japan
| | - Masayuki Chikamatsu
- Global
Zero Emission Research Center (GZR), National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 100-8921, Japan
| | - Takeru Bessho
- Research
Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Miwako Furue
- Department
of General System Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Segawa
- Department
of General System Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Research
Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Department
of Chemical System Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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10
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Chen R, Long B, Wang S, Liu Y, Bai J, Huang S, Li H, Chen X. Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Using Bathocuproine Bilateral-Modified Perovskite Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24747-24755. [PMID: 34019370 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification engineering is an effective method to improve the crystallinity and passivate the perovskite interface and grain boundary, which can improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The typical interface modification method is usually introduced at the interface of the perovskite/hole transport layer (HTL) or perovskite/electron transport layer (ETL) through coordination of the groups in the material with the perovskite. In this work, the n-type semiconductor bathocuproine (BCP) including the pyridine nitrogen bond was modified at the interfaces of perovskite/HTL or perovskite/ETL to improve perovskite crystallinity and interface contact properties. The better crystallinity and superior interface contact properties are obtained using BCP unilateral modification, which obviously increases the PCEs of PSCs. The BCP bilateral modification at both perovskite/ETL and perovskite/HTL interfaces can further improve the crystallinity with fewer defects and superior contact properties, which show the largest Voc (1.14 V) and fill factors (FF 77.1%) compared to PSCs with BCP unilateral modification. PSCs with BCP bilateral modification obtained 20.6% PCEs, which is greatly higher than that (17.5%) of the original PSCs. The stability of PSCs with BCP bilateral modification can be greatly improved due to the better crystal quality and hydrophobic property of the interfaces. The results demonstrated that the n-type BCP material can efficiently modify both perovskite/HTL and perovskite/ETL interfaces beyond its semiconductor type, which can greatly improve the PCEs and stability of PSCs because BCP modification can passivate interfaces, improve interface contact and hydrophobic properties, promote crystallinity of the perovskite layer with fewer defects, and block carrier recombination at both interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Chen
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Biyu Long
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Song Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yuning Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Jueyao Bai
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Sumei Huang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
- Joint Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Li
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
- Joint Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
- Joint Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
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11
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Liao K, Li C, Xie L, Yuan Y, Wang S, Cao Z, Ding L, Hao F. Hot-Casting Large-Grain Perovskite Film for Efficient Solar Cells: Film Formation and Device Performance. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:156. [PMID: 34138179 PMCID: PMC7770834 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently been considered as one of the most competitive contenders to commercial silicon solar cells in the photovoltaic field. The deposition process of a perovskite film is one of the most critical factors affecting the quality of the film formation and the photovoltaic performance. A hot-casting technique has been widely implemented to deposit high-quality perovskite films with large grain size, uniform thickness, and preferred crystalline orientation. In this review, we first review the classical nucleation and crystal growth theory and discuss those factors affecting the hot-casted perovskite film formation. Meanwhile, the effects of the deposition parameters such as temperature, thermal annealing, precursor chemistry, and atmosphere on the preparation of high-quality perovskite films and high-efficiency PSC devices are comprehensively discussed. The excellent stability of hot-casted perovskite films and integration with scalable deposition technology are conducive to the commercialization of PSCs. Finally, some open questions and future perspectives on the maturity of this technology toward the upscaling deposition of perovskite film for related optoelectronic devices are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Liao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengbo Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha Xie
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Shurong Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Cao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Ding
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Hao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Malevu T, Mwankemwa B, Tshabalala K, Ocaya R. Effect of annealing on the efficiency of ambient-atmosphere fabricated MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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13
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Wang Y, Wang K, Subhani WS, Zhang C, Jiang X, Wang S, Bao H, Liu L, Wan L, Liu SF. Extrinsic Ion Distribution Induced Field Effect in CsPbIBr 2 Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907283. [PMID: 32250013 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability are the primary forces that propel the all-inorganic cesium-based halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) toward commercialization. However, the intrinsic high density of trap state and internal nonradiative recombination of CsPbIBr2 perovskite film are the barriers that limit its development. In the present study, a facile additive strategy is introduced to fabricate highly efficient CsPbIBr2 PSCs by incorporating sulfamic acid sodium salt (SAS) into the perovskite layer. The additive can control the crystallization behaviors and optimize morphology, as well as effectively passivate defects in the bulk perovskite film, thereby resulting in a high-quality perovskite. In addition, SAS in perovskite has possibly introduced an additional internal electric field effect that favors electron transport and injection due to inhomogeneous ion distribution. A champion PCE of 10.57% (steady-output efficiency is 9.99%) is achieved under 1 Sun illumination, which surpasses that of the contrast sample by 16.84%. The modified perovskite film also exhibits improved moisture stability. The unencapsulated device maintains over 80% initial PCE after aging for 198 h in air. The results provide a suitable additive for inorganic perovskite and introduce a new conjecture to explain the function of additives in PSCs more rationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Waqas Siddique Subhani
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Congqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Shimin Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Huaxi Bao
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Li Wan
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, P. R. China
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14
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Wang K, Subhani WS, Wang Y, Zuo X, Wang H, Duan L, Liu SF. Metal Cations in Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902037. [PMID: 31304651 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have revolutionized photovoltaics since the first prototype in 2009, and up to now the highest efficiency has soared to 24.2%, which is on par with commercial thin film cells and not far from monocrystalline silicon solar cells. Optimizing device performance and improving stability have always been the research highlight of PVSCs. Metal cations are introduced into perovskites to further optimize the quality, and this strategy is showing a vigorous development trend. Here, the progress of research into metal cations for PVSCs is discussed by focusing on the position of the cations in perovskites, the modulation of the film quality, and the influence on the photovoltaic performance. Metal cations are considered in the order of alkali cations, alkaline earth cations, then metal cations in the ds and d regions, and ultimately trivalent cations (p- and f-block metal cations) according to the periodic table of elements. Finally, this work is summarized and some relevant issues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Waqas Siddique Subhani
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaokun Zuo
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Lianjie Duan
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Hwang T, Yun AJ, Kim J, Cho D, Kim S, Hong S, Park B. Electronic Traps and Their Correlations to Perovskite Solar Cell Performance via Compositional and Thermal Annealing Controls. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:6907-6917. [PMID: 30668095 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, underlying factors for enabling efficient and stable performance of perovskite solar cells are studied through nanostructural controls of organic-inorganic halide perovskites. Namely, MAPbI3, (FA0.83MA0.17)Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3, and (Cs0.10FA0.75MA0.15)Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 perovskites (abbreviated as MA, FAMA, and CsFAMA, respectively) are examined with a grain growth control through thermal annealing. FAMA- and CsFAMA-based cells result in stable photovoltaic performance, while MA cells are sensitively dependent on the perovskite grain size dominated by annealing time. Micro-/nanoscopic features are comprehensively analyzed to unravel the origin that is directly correlated to the cell performance with the applications of electronic-trap characterizations such as photoconductive noise microscopy and capacitance analyses. It is revealed that CsFAMA has a lower trap density compared to MA and FAMA through the analyses of 1/ f noises and trapping/detrapping capacitances. Also, an open-circuit voltage ( Voc) change is correlated to the variation of trap states during the shelf-life test: FAMA and CsFAMA cells with the negligible change of Voc over weeks exhibit trap states shifting toward the band edge, although the power-conversion efficiencies are clearly reduced. The origins that critically affect the solar cell performance through the characterizations of shallow/deep traps with additional mobile defects in the perovskite and interfaces are discussed.
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16
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Liu A, Liu K, Zhou H, Li H, Qiu X, Yang Y, Liu M. Solution evaporation processed high quality perovskite films. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:1591-1596. [PMID: 36751081 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs), due to their high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and low cost, have been considered as one of the most promising photovoltaic devices. Well-distributed large-grain perovskite crystals play an important role for light adsorption and charge transfer. While, high quality perovskite crystals closely relate to the preparation method. Generally, the preparation of perovskite films requires a nitrogen atmosphere and toxic anti-solvents, which hinder their practical applications. Here, we reported a novel and simple solution evaporation process followed with a methylammonium iodide (MAI) solution immersion to prepare high quality perovskite films. Porous lead iodide (PbI2) films were firstly formed by evaporation of PbI2 precursor solution. The obtained porous PbI2 films were completely transformed into well-distributed large-grain perovskite films after a quick MAI solution immersion. As a result, the corresponding PCE was enhanced by 30% compared to that prepared with a regular sequential deposition. This solution evaporation method provides a convenient and practical way for preparing high-quality perovskite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqiang Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, and Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of the Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Institute of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Institute of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Institute of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiaoqing Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Physics and Electronics, and Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of the Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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17
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Song Z, Jiang Y, Liu J, Pan Q, Zuo W, Zhang X, Liao C, Mei J. Copper Incorporation in Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Song
- Chengdu Green Energy and Green Manufacturing Technology R&D CentreChengdu Development Center of Science and Technology Chengdu 610200 China
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory Mianyang 621907 China
| | - Yidong Jiang
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory Mianyang 621907 China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Chengdu Green Energy and Green Manufacturing Technology R&D CentreChengdu Development Center of Science and Technology Chengdu 610200 China
| | - Qifa Pan
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory Mianyang 621907 China
| | - Wentao Zuo
- Chengdu Green Energy and Green Manufacturing Technology R&D CentreChengdu Development Center of Science and Technology Chengdu 610200 China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Chengdu Green Energy and Green Manufacturing Technology R&D CentreChengdu Development Center of Science and Technology Chengdu 610200 China
| | - Cheng Liao
- Chengdu Green Energy and Green Manufacturing Technology R&D CentreChengdu Development Center of Science and Technology Chengdu 610200 China
| | - Jun Mei
- Chengdu Green Energy and Green Manufacturing Technology R&D CentreChengdu Development Center of Science and Technology Chengdu 610200 China
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory Mianyang 621907 China
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18
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Chen C, Wu S, Wang J, Chen S, Peng T, Li R. Improved photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells based on three-dimensional rutile TiO 2 nanodendrite array film. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:20836-20843. [PMID: 30403213 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06899b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore high performance and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the design and optimization of electron transport layer (ETL) have been paid more and more attention. Vertically oriented, one-dimensional (1D) TiO2 nanostructured array films are considered superior ETLs because of their rapid electron transporting property and open pore architectures. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) rutile TiO2 nanodendrite array (RTNDA) film containing 1D trunks and branches was fabricated through second hydrothermal treatment of 1D rutile TiO2 nanorod array (RTNRA) film hydrothermally grown on a fluorine tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass. The resulting 3D-RTNDA film not only facilitates close contact with mixed-ion perovskite (Cs0.05(FA0.83MA0.17)0.95Pb(I0.9Br0.1)3) film, but also promotes the formation of a perovskite layer with larger crystal grain sizes. Both can efficiently retard the interface charge recombination, and thus result in a significantly improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.0%, improved by 20% as compared to that (15.0%) of the device fabricated with the 1D-RTNRA film. Spectroscopic, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical measurements indicate that the improved photovolatic performance can be mainly ascribed to the largely suppressed hysteresis effect, the increased open-circuit voltage and fill factor stemming from the more effective hole blocking and electron transport. The results presented here demonstrate that 3D-RTNDA film with 3D rutile TiO2 hierarchical nanoarchitecture is a promising ETL selection in designing high-performance PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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19
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Dunlap-Shohl WA, Zhou Y, Padture NP, Mitzi DB. Synthetic Approaches for Halide Perovskite Thin Films. Chem Rev 2018; 119:3193-3295. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiley A. Dunlap-Shohl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Nitin P. Padture
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - David B. Mitzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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20
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Ling T, Zou X, Cheng J, Yang Y, Ren H, Chen D. Modulating Surface Morphology Related to Crystallization Speed of Perovskite Grain and Optical Semiconductor and Crystallization Properties of the Absorber Layer Under Controlled Doping of Potassium Ions for Solar Cells. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11091605. [PMID: 30181459 PMCID: PMC6164049 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite thin films with excellent optical semiconductor and crystallization properties and superior surface morphology are normally considered to be vital to perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this paper, we systematically survey the process of modulating surface morphology and optical semiconductor and crystallization properties of methylammonium lead iodide film by controlling doping of K+ for PSC prepared in air and propose the mechanism of large K+-doped perovskite grain formation related to crystallization speed. The increase in the crystallization speed leads to the production of large grains without localized-solvent-vapor (LSV) pores via moderate doping of K+, and the exorbitant crystallization speed induces super large grains with LSV pores via excessive doping of K+. Furthermore, the semiconductor properties (absorption band edge wavelength, PL emission peak wavelength, energy band gap) of perovskite film can be significantly tuned by controlled doping of K+. The investigation of the detailed process of modulating surface morphology and semiconductor properties of perovskite thin film by controlled doping of K+ may provide guidance and pave the way for superior component design of absorption materials for cost-efficient PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ling
- Research Center for Sensor Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Modern Measurement and Control Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Jianxiangqiao Campus, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Research Center for Sensor Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Modern Measurement and Control Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Jianxiangqiao Campus, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jin Cheng
- Research Center for Sensor Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Modern Measurement and Control Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Jianxiangqiao Campus, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Ying Yang
- Research Center for Sensor Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Modern Measurement and Control Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Jianxiangqiao Campus, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Haiyan Ren
- Research Center for Sensor Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Modern Measurement and Control Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Jianxiangqiao Campus, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Dan Chen
- Research Center for Sensor Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Modern Measurement and Control Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Jianxiangqiao Campus, Beijing 100101, China.
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21
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Abdi-Jalebi M, Pazoki M, Philippe B, Dar MI, Alsari M, Sadhanala A, Divitini G, Imani R, Lilliu S, Kullgren J, Rensmo H, Grätzel M, Friend RH. Dedoping of Lead Halide Perovskites Incorporating Monovalent Cations. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7301-7311. [PMID: 29953817 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report significant improvements in the optoelectronic properties of lead halide perovskites with the addition of monovalent ions with ionic radii close to Pb2+. We investigate the chemical distribution and electronic structure of solution processed CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite structures containing Na+, Cu+, and Ag+, which are lower valence metal ions than Pb2+ but have similar ionic radii. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction reveals a pronounced shift in the main perovskite peaks for the monovalent cation-based films, suggesting incorporation of these cations into the perovskite lattice as well as a preferential crystal growth in Ag+ containing perovskite structures. Furthermore, the synchrotron X-ray photoelectron measurements show a significant change in the valence band position for Cu- and Ag-doped films, although the perovskite bandgap remains the same, indicating a shift in the Fermi level position toward the middle of the bandgap. Such a shift infers that incorporation of these monovalent cations dedope the n-type perovskite films when formed without added cations. This dedoping effect leads to cleaner bandgaps as reflected by the lower energetic disorder in the monovalent cation-doped perovskite thin films as compared to pristine films. We also find that in contrast to Ag+ and Cu+, Na+ locates mainly at the grain boundaries and surfaces. Our theoretical calculations confirm the observed shifts in X-ray diffraction peaks and Fermi level as well as absence of intrabandgap states upon energetically favorable doping of perovskite lattice by the monovalent cations. We also model a significant change in the local structure, chemical bonding of metal-halide, and the electronic structure in the doped perovskites. In summary, our work highlights the local chemistry and influence of monovalent cation dopants on crystallization and the electronic structure in the doped perovskite thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Meysam Pazoki
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics , Uppsala University , Box 534, SE 751 21 Uppsala , Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 538, SE 75121 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Bertrand Philippe
- Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy , Uppsala University , Box 516, SE 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - M Ibrahim Dar
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne CH-1015 , Switzerland
| | - Mejd Alsari
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Roghayeh Imani
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 538, SE 75121 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Samuele Lilliu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7RH , United Kingdom
- The UAE Centre for Crystallography , Dubai , United Arab Emirates
| | - Jolla Kullgren
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 538, SE 75121 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Håkan Rensmo
- Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy , Uppsala University , Box 516, SE 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne CH-1015 , Switzerland
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
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22
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Zhao W, Yao Z, Yu F, Yang D, Liu S(F. Alkali Metal Doping for Improved CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700131. [PMID: 29610718 PMCID: PMC5827644 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites are proven to be a promising semiconductor material as the absorber layer of solar cells. However, the perovskite films always suffer from nonuniform coverage or high trap state density due to the polycrystalline characteristics, which degrade the photoelectric properties of thin films. Herein, the alkali metal ions which are stable against oxidation and reduction are used in the perovskite precursor solution to induce the process of crystallization and nucleation, then affect the properties of the perovskite film. It is found that the addition of the alkali metal ions clearly improves the quality of perovskite film: enlarges the grain sizes, reduces the defect state density, passivates the grain boundaries, increases the built-in potential (Vbi), resulting to the enhancement in the power conversion efficiency of perovskite thin film solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangen Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710062China
| | - Zhun Yao
- Key Laboratory for Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710062China
| | - Fengyang Yu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710062China
| | - Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710062China
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710062China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyiChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023China
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23
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Luo J, Qiu RZ, Yang ZS, Wang YX, Zhang QF. Mechanism and effect of γ-butyrolactone solvent vapor post-annealing on the performance of a mesoporous perovskite solar cell. RSC Adv 2018; 8:724-731. [PMID: 35538998 PMCID: PMC9076929 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10695e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, γ-butyrolactone (GBL) solvent vapor post-annealing (SVPA) on CH3NH3PbI3 thin films is reported, aiming to improve the complete transformation of PbI2 and increase the grain size of the CH3NH3PbI3 crystal, thus boosting the performance of mesoporous CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The influence of GBL SVPA on the microstructure of perovskite layers and performance of PSCs was studied. The short circuit current density (J sc) of the devices significantly increased, yielding a high efficiency of 16.58%, which was 27.05% higher than that of thermally annealed films. A model was derived to explain the effect of GBL SVPA on PSCs. The perovskite films prepared by this method present several advantages such as complete transformation of PbI2 to CH3NH3PbI3, high crystallinity, large grain size, and fewer grain boundaries than those prepared without GBL SVPA. This improvement is beneficial for charge dissociation and transport in hybrid photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute Jingdezhen 333403 China
| | - Ren Zheng Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute Jingdezhen 333403 China
| | - Zhi Sheng Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute Jingdezhen 333403 China
| | - Yan Xiang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute Jingdezhen 333403 China
| | - Qi Feng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University Fargo ND 58108 USA
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Yu M, Yuan S, Wang HY, Zhao JS, Qin Y, Fu LM, Zhang JP, Ai XC. Characterization of the influences of morphology on the intrinsic properties of perovskite films by temperature-dependent and time-resolved spectroscopies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:6575-6581. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08402a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influences of morphology on the intrinsic properties of perovskite films are quantitatively characterized by temperature-dependent and time-resolved spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- P. R. China
| | - Jia-Shang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- P. R. China
| | - Yujun Qin
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Min Fu
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- P. R. China
| | - Xi-Cheng Ai
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- P. R. China
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25
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Chen K, Schünemann S, Song S, Tüysüz H. Structural effects on optoelectronic properties of halide perovskites. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7045-7077. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00212f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review gives a perspective on different synthetic methodologies for the preparation of halide perovskites and highlights the structural effects on their optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing
- China
| | | | - Seulki Song
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
| | - Harun Tüysüz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
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26
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Ran C, Xu J, Gao W, Huang C, Dou S. Defects in metal triiodide perovskite materials towards high-performance solar cells: origin, impact, characterization, and engineering. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4581-4610. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00868f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The progress of defect science in metal triiodide perovskite is critically reviewed, including the origin, impacts, characterization, and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Ran
- Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering
- Xi’ an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
- China
| | - Jiantie Xu
- School of Environment and Energy
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
| | - Weiyin Gao
- Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering
- Xi’ an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
- China
| | - Chunmao Huang
- School of Environment and Energy
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
| | - Shixue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong 2500
- Australia
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27
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Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Cai Y, Liu H, Qin Q, Tai Q, Lu X, Gao X, Shui L, Wu S, Liu JM. High performance planar perovskite solar cells based on CH3NH3PbI3-x(SCN)x perovskite film and SnO2 electron transport layer prepared in ambient air with 70% humility. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Wu X, Li H, Wang K, Sun X, Wang L. CH3NH3Pb1−xEuxI3 mixed halide perovskite for hybrid solar cells: the impact of divalent europium doping on efficiency and stability. RSC Adv 2018; 8:11095-11101. [PMID: 35541551 PMCID: PMC9078983 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12754e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The crucial role of the impact of divalent europium doping in perovskite solar cells is investigated in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals
- Grirem Advanced Materials Co., Ltd
- Beijing
- China
| | - Hongwei Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals
- Grirem Advanced Materials Co., Ltd
- Beijing
- China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
- Southern University of Science and Technology of China
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
- Southern University of Science and Technology of China
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Liduo Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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29
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Luo J, Han F, Wan Z, Malik HA, Zhao B, Chen L, Jia C, Zhu X, Wang R, Yao X. Structure-Performance Relationships of Hole-Transporting Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells: Minor Structural Discrepancy Effects on the Efficiency. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Shargaieva O, Lang F, Rappich J, Dittrich T, Klaus M, Meixner M, Genzel C, Nickel NH. Influence of the Grain Size on the Properties of CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:38428-38435. [PMID: 29039197 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid perovskites have already shown a huge success as an absorber in solar cells, resulting in the skyrocketing rise in the power conversion efficiency to more than η = 22%. Recently, it has been established that the crystal quality is one of the most important parameters to obtain devices with high efficiencies. However, the influence of the crystal quality on the material properties is not fully understood. Here, the influence of the morphology on electronic properties of CH3NH3PbI3 thin films is investigated. Postannealing was used to vary the average grain size continuously from ≈150 to ≈1000 nm. Secondary grain growth is thermally activated with an activation energy of Ea = 0.16 eV. The increase in the grain size leads to an enhancement of the photoluminescence, indicating an improvement in the material quality. According to surface photovoltage measurements, the charge-carrier transport length exhibits a linear increase with increasing grain size. The charge-carrier diffusion length is limited by grain boundaries. Moreover, an improved morphology leads to a drastic increase in power conversion efficiency of the devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Shargaieva
- Institute Silicon Photovoltaics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Kekuléstr. 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Lang
- Institute Silicon Photovoltaics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Kekuléstr. 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Rappich
- Institute Silicon Photovoltaics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Kekuléstr. 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dittrich
- Institute Silicon Photovoltaics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Kekuléstr. 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Klaus
- Department of Microstructure and Residual Stress Analysis, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Meixner
- Department of Microstructure and Residual Stress Analysis, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Genzel
- Department of Microstructure and Residual Stress Analysis, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert H Nickel
- Institute Silicon Photovoltaics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Kekuléstr. 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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31
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Ma Y, Liu Y, Shin I, Hwang IW, Jung YK, Jeong JH, Park SH, Kim KH. Understanding and Tailoring Grain Growth of Lead-Halide Perovskite for Solar Cell Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:33925-33933. [PMID: 28901124 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental mechanism of grain growth evolution in the fabrication process from the precursor phase to the perovskite phase is not fully understood despite its importance in achieving high-quality grains in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, which are strongly affected by processing parameters. In this work, we investigate the fundamental conversion mechanism from the precursor phase of perovskite to the complete perovskite phase and how the intermediate phase promotes growth of the perovskite grains during the fabrication process. By monitoring the morphological evolution of the perovskite during the film fabrication process, we observed a clear rod-shaped intermediate phase in the highly crystalline perovskite and investigated the role of the nanorod intermediate phase on the growth of the grains of the perovskite film. Furthermore, on the basis of these findings, we developed a simple and effective method to tailor grain properties including the crystallinity, size, and number of grain boundaries, and then utilized the film with the tailored grains to develop perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Ma
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University , Busan 608-737, South Korea
- Hybrid Interface Materials Global Frontier Research Group, Pusan National University , Busan 608-737, South Korea
| | - Yanliang Liu
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University , Busan 608-737, South Korea
- Hybrid Interface Materials Global Frontier Research Group, Pusan National University , Busan 608-737, South Korea
| | - Insoo Shin
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University , Busan 608-737, South Korea
- Hybrid Interface Materials Global Frontier Research Group, Pusan National University , Busan 608-737, South Korea
| | - In-Wook Hwang
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Jung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University , Inje-ro 197, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Jeong
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University , Busan 608-737, South Korea
| | - Sung Heum Park
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University , Busan 608-737, South Korea
- Hybrid Interface Materials Global Frontier Research Group, Pusan National University , Busan 608-737, South Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Hybrid Interface Materials Global Frontier Research Group, Pusan National University , Busan 608-737, South Korea
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32
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Chaudhary DK, Kumar P, Kumar L. Impact of CH3NH3PbI3-PCBM bulk heterojunction active layer on the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Kim W, Kim S, Chai SU, Jung MS, Nam JK, Kim JH, Park JH. Thermodynamically self-organized hole transport layers for high-efficiency inverted-planar perovskite solar cells. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:12677-12683. [PMID: 28828453 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03265j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a popular and promising hole transport material for making efficient inverted-planar perovskite solar cells (IP-PSCs). However, the mismatch between the work function of conventional PEDOT:PSS and the valence band maximum of perovskite materials is still a challenge for efficient hole extraction. Here, we report systematic studies on the work-function modification and thermodynamic morphological evolution of PEDOT:PSS films by tuning the PSS/PEDOT ratio, along with its effects on the photovoltaic responses of IP-PSCs. We found that the open-circuit voltage (VOC) of an IP-PSC could be enhanced by controlling the work function of PEDOT:PSS. Furthermore, the optical transmittance of the PEDOT:PSS film could be maximized by controlling the morphological evolution, which will further increase the short-circuit current density (JSC) of the IP-PSC. The VOC and JSC of the IP-PSC with the optimized PEDOT:PSS composition increased from 0.88 to 0.93 V and from 17.11 to 20.77 mA cm-2, respectively, compared with an IP-PSC containing commercial PEDOT:PSS, which results in a power conversion energy that is greatly improved from 12.39 to 15.24%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Wang H, Lei J, Gao F, Yang Z, Yang D, Jiang J, Li J, Hu X, Ren X, Liu B, Liu J, Lei H, Liu Z, Liu SF. Magnetic Field-Assisted Perovskite Film Preparation for Enhanced Performance of Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:21756-21762. [PMID: 28589714 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising low-cost photovoltaic technologies with high power conversion efficiency (PCE). The crystalline quality of perovskite materials is crucial to the photovoltaic performance of the PSCs. Herein, a simple approach is introduced to prepare high-quality CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films with larger crystalline grains and longer carriers lifetime by using magnetic field to control the nucleation and crystal growth. The fabricated planar CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells have an average PCE of 17.84% and the highest PCE of 18.56% using an optimized magnetic field at 80 mT. In contrast, the PSCs fabricated without the magnetic field give an average PCE of 15.52% and the highest PCE of 16.72%. The magnetic field action produces an ordered arrangement of the perovskite ions, improving the crystallinity of the perovskite films and resulting in a higher PCE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
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35
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Zhao W, Yang D, Liu SF. Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite with Controlled Dopant Modification and Application in Photovoltaic Device. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1604153. [PMID: 28508587 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201604153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite as a kind of promising photovoltaic material is booming due to its low-cost, high defect tolerance, and easy fabrication, which result in the huge potential in industrial production. In the pursuit of high efficiency photovoltaic devices, high-quality absorbing layer is essential. Therefore, developing organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite thin films with good coverage, improved uniformity, and crystalline in a single pass deposition is of great concern in realizing good performance of perovskite thin-film solar cell. Here, it is found that the introduction of suitable amounts of LiI plays a dramatically positive role in enlarging the grain size and reducing the grain boundaries of absorbing layer. In addition, the carrier lifetime and built-in potential of the LiI doped perovskite device are observed to increase. Thus, it leads to about 15% gain in solar cell efficiency comparing to that without the LiI doping. Meanwhile, a hysteresis reduction is observed and 18.16% power conversion efficiency is achieved in LiI doped perovskite device, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangen Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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36
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Zhu W, Kang L, Yu T, Lv B, Wang Y, Chen X, Wang X, Zhou Y, Zou Z. Facile Face-Down Annealing Triggered Remarkable Texture Development in CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Films for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:6104-6113. [PMID: 28124560 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate that the facile face-down annealing route which effectively confines the evaporation of residual solvent molecules in one-step deposited precursor films can controllably enable the formation of (110) textured CH3NH3PbI3 films consisting of high-crystallinity well-ordered micrometer-sized grains that span vertically the entire film thickness. Such microstructural features dramatically decrease nonradiative recombination sites as well as greatly improve the transport property of charge carries in the films compared with that of the nontextured ones obtained by the conventional annealing route. As a consequence, the planar-heterojunction perovskite solar cells with these textured CH3NH3PbI3 films exhibit significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) along with small hysteresis and excellent stability. The champion cell yields impressive PCE boosting to 18.64% and a stabilized value of around 17.22%. Particularly, it can maintain 86% of its initial value after storage for 20 days in ambient conditions with relative humidity of 10-20%. Our work suggests a facile and effective route for further boosting the efficiency and stability of low-cost perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC) at Department of Physics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Lei Kang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC) at Department of Physics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC) at Department of Physics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Bihu Lv
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yangrunqian Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC) at Department of Physics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC) at Department of Physics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC) at Department of Physics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC) at Department of Physics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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37
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Cao X, Zhi L, Li Y, Cui X, Ci L, Ding K, Wei J. Enhanced performance of perovskite solar cells by strengthening a self-embedded solvent annealing effect in perovskite precursor films. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10294a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth perovskite films with large grains are fabricated by strengthening the self-embedded solvent annealing effect in the perovskite precursor film via pre-depositing a protective layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Cao
- State Key Lab of New Ceramic and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Lili Zhi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- P. R. China
| | - Yahui Li
- State Key Lab of New Ceramic and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Xian Cui
- State Key Lab of New Ceramic and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Lijie Ci
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- P. R. China
| | - Kongxian Ding
- Shenzhen Jiawei Solar Lighting Co., Ltd
- Shenzhen 518112
- P. R. China
| | - Jinquan Wei
- State Key Lab of New Ceramic and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
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38
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Ji G, Zheng G, Zhao B, Song F, Zhang X, Shen K, Yang Y, Xiong Y, Gao X, Cao L, Qi DC. Interfacial electronic structures revealed at the rubrene/CH3NH3PbI3 interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:6546-6553. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07592d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The promising rubrene-based PSC device performance demonstrates the potential of rubrene as a suitable hole transport material in PSCs due to an optimal energy level alignment at the rubrene/CH3NH3PbI3 interface.
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39
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Mahmud MA, Elumalai NK, Upama MB, Wang D, Wright M, Chan KH, Xu C, Haque F, Uddin A. Single Vs Mixed Organic Cation for Low Temperature Processed Perovskite Solar Cells. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Lee H, Kim A, Kwon HC, Yang W, Oh Y, Lee D, Moon J. Retarding Crystallization during Facile Single Coating of NaCl-Incorporated Precursor Solution for Efficient Large-Area Uniform Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:29419-29426. [PMID: 27731622 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated crystallization retardation of CH3NH3PbI3 thin film during single coating of precursor solution by simple addition of NaCl. NaCl was codissolved into a precursor mixture solution containing PbI2 and methylammonium iodide (MAI). Dissolved NaCl interacted with the PbI2 in solution and produced a stable intermediate phase, which was converted to a full-coverage uniform perovskite absorber layer via reaction with MAI during a single spin-coating. The resulting planar-structure perovskite solar cell made from NaCl-supplemented precursor solution showed a 48% improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) (maximum value 15.16%) over the device fabricated without the additive. Our NaCl-supplemented single coating represents an easy approach to effectively obtain highly reproducible uniform performance at an overall position in 5 cm × 5 cm sized cells (divided into 20 subcells with an active area of 0.06 cm2) with average PCEs of 12.00 ± 0.48%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongseuk Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Areum Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok-Chan Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseok Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjung Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooho Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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Mao P, Zhou Q, Jin Z, Li H, Wang J. Efficiency-Enhanced Planar Perovskite Solar Cells via an Isopropanol/Ethanol Mixed Solvent Process. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:23837-23843. [PMID: 27549444 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Solution processable perovskite solar cells traditionally employed isopropanol as the solvent of CH3NH3I in a two-step method. One of the largest issues of this technique is the uncontrollable morphology of the perovskite film. In this study, a homogeneous and dense PbI2 film was prepared by introducing DMSO as an additive into DMF and then reacting the mixture with CH3NH3I dissolved in an isopropanol/ethanol solvent to fabricate high-quality perovskite films. Results revealed that ethanol played a crucial role on morphology and components of perovskite films. When the ratio of isopropanol to ethanol was optimized, a power conversion efficiency of 15.76% was achieved, which was on average ∼50% higher than that of PSCs without DMSO and ethanol processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science , 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science , 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiwen Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science , 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jizheng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science , 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
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Mahmud MA, Elumalai NK, Upama MB, Wang D, Wright M, Sun T, Xu C, Haque F, Uddin A. Simultaneous enhancement in stability and efficiency of low-temperature processed perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14186b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low temperature (140 °C) processed MA0.6FA0.4PbI3/AZO devices exhibit 20% higher PCE and two-fold higher device stability compared to MA0.6FA0.4PbI3/ZnO devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arafat Mahmud
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Naveen Kumar Elumalai
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Mushfika Baishakhi Upama
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Dian Wang
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Matthew Wright
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Tian Sun
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Cheng Xu
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Faiazul Haque
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Ashraf Uddin
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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