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Sun C, Cao F, Xu Y, Feng J, Wang K, Fang Z, Wen Y. Carboxymethylated Lignin Reinforcement of SPI Adhesive: Enhancing Strength, Antimicrobial, and Flame-Retardant Properties without Excessive Alkali Introduction. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:22703-22710. [PMID: 38826563 PMCID: PMC11137684 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
To address the challenges associated with formaldehyde emissions in engineered wood adhesives and simultaneously enhance adhesive properties related to water resistance, fire resistance, and mold resistance, a novel environmentally sustainable biomass-based adhesive was formulated. In this work, kraft lignin was carboxymethylated and then blended with the soy protein isolate (SPI)-based adhesive, the dry and wet shear strength of the plywood bonded by the resultant adhesive was enhanced from 1.10 and 0.63 MPa to 1.73 and 1.23 MPa, respectively, resulting in improvements of 157% and 195%. Carboxymethylated lignin (CML) significantly improved the mold resistance and flame-resistance residual rate of the adhesive and decreased the water absorption rate from 190% to 108%. Furthermore, the adhesive exhibits outstanding flame-retardancy, with self-extinguishing capability rendering it suitable for industrial production. In addition, we also evaluated the performances of resulting adhesives cured with different diepoxides and triepoxides, and the comparisons of the adhesive in this work to commercial urea glue and soy protein-based adhesives were conducted. To our delight, the SPI-10CML adhesive presented comparable or even improved performances, showing its promising practical applications such as for fire doors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Sun
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin
University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological
Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
- Shandong
Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Material and Green Manufacture, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Fengxiang Cao
- Shandong
Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Material and Green Manufacture, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Yecheng Xu
- Shandong
Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Material and Green Manufacture, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin
University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological
Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
- Shandong
Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Material and Green Manufacture, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Keyan Wang
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin
University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological
Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhen Fang
- Shandong
Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Material and Green Manufacture, Yantai 264006, China
- International
Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yangbing Wen
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin
University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological
Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
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Su Y, Wei Y, He Y, Chen G. Cellulose fiber-based and engineered capillary foam toward a sustainable, recyclable, and high-performance cushioning structural material. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131422. [PMID: 38614187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Foam materials have been widely used in cushioning packaging to ensure the integrity of products inside by absorbing energy and preventing collision. However, the extensive use of petroleum-based plastic foams may exacerbate environmental pollution and consume large amounts of energy. Therefore, there has been an increasing focus on producing high-performance and environmentally friendly foams in recent years. In this study, we developed a simple approach for manufacturing cellulose fiber-based capillary foams featuring superior stability and three-dimensional (3D) backbone network cross-linking structure composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cationic starch (CS). The resultant capillary foam showed low density (0.154 g/cm3), superior mechanical properties (elastic modulus ranging from 77 to 501 kPa), high energy absorbing efficiency (32.8 %), and low cushioning coefficient (3.0). Besides, the end-of-life cellulose fiber-based capillary foam can be easily recycled for use, showing an attractive closed-loop cycle process. This study presents a unique option for creating affordable, eco-friendly, and malleable foams, demonstrating the potential to substitute the currently used petroleum-based foams in the packaging, food, and transport industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yingying He
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Specialty Paper and Paper-Based Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Fazeli M, Mukherjee S, Baniasadi H, Abidnejad R, Mujtaba M, Lipponen J, Seppälä J, Rojas OJ. Lignin beyond the status quo: recent and emerging composite applications. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2024; 26:593-630. [PMID: 38264324 PMCID: PMC10802143 DOI: 10.1039/d3gc03154c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The demand for biodegradable materials across various industries has recently surged due to environmental concerns and the need for the adoption of renewable materials. In this context, lignin has emerged as a promising alternative, garnering significant attention as a biogenic resource that endows functional properties. This is primarily ascribed to its remarkable origin and structure that explains lignin's capacity to bind other molecules, reinforce composites, act as an antioxidant, and endow antimicrobial effects. This review summarizes recent advances in lignin-based composites, with particular emphasis on innovative methods for modifying lignin into micro and nanostructures and evaluating their functional contribution. Indeed, lignin-based composites can be tailored to have superior physicomechanical characteristics, biodegradability, and surface properties, thereby making them suitable for applications beyond the typical, for instance, in ecofriendly adhesives and advanced barrier technologies. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest progress in the field of lignin utilization in emerging composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Fazeli
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Sritama Mukherjee
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University FI-00076 Aalto Finland
- Division of Fiber and Polymer Technology, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 56-58 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Hossein Baniasadi
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Espoo Finland
| | - Roozbeh Abidnejad
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Muhammad Mujtaba
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd P.O. Box 1000 Espoo FI-02044 Finland
| | - Juha Lipponen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Jukka Seppälä
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Espoo Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University FI-00076 Aalto Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
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Abstract
AbstractMixing tanks are employed in paper and pulp industries to generate aqueous foams and fiber foams. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of impeller geometry on dynamic foam generation in a 60 L mixing tank. Three impeller geometries including two radial—Rushton turbine (RT), Bakker turbine (BT6), one axial high solidity pitched blade turbine (HSPBT), and four dual impeller combinations were investigated. Compressed air, water and sodium dodecyl sulphate were used as gas phase, liquid phase and surfactant, respectively, to generate aqueous foam. 1% mass consistency softwood fiber was used to generate fiber foam. The change in aqueous foam density for any given impeller was limited to ± 40 kg/m3 indicating foam density was dictated by impeller type rather than power input. Single impellers generated bubbly liquids whereas dual impellers generated low-density aqueous foams. Besides, stable foam was produced even at low power input compared to single impellers due to increase in impeller swept volume and blade contact area. Addition of fibers increased the foam density by ~ 100–150 kg/m3 and reduced the half-life time by almost threefold for all impellers due to lower air content and higher bubble size. Placement of high shear impeller (BT6) at bottom and down-pumping axial impeller (HSPBT) on top generated fine bubbles.
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Hjelt T, Ketoja JA, Kiiskinen H, Koponen AI, Pääkkönen E. Foam forming of fiber products: a review. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1869035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Hjelt
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jukka A. Ketoja
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Harri Kiiskinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Elina Pääkkönen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
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Xiang W, Preisig N, Ketola A, Tardy BL, Bai L, Ketoja JA, Stubenrauch C, Rojas OJ. How Cellulose Nanofibrils Affect Bulk, Surface, and Foam Properties of Anionic Surfactant Solutions. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4361-4369. [PMID: 31478654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We study the generation and decay of aqueous foams stabilized by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the presence of unmodified cellulose nanofibrils (CNF). Together with the rheology of aqueous suspensions containing CNF and SDS, the interfacial/colloidal interactions are determined by quartz crystal microgravimetry with dissipation monitoring, surface plasmon resonance, and isothermal titration calorimetry. The results are used to explain the properties of the air/water interface (interfacial activity and dilatational moduli determined from oscillating air bubbles) and of the bulk (steady-state flow, oscillatory shear, and capillary thinning). These properties are finally correlated to the foamability and to the foam stability. The latter was studied as a function of time by monitoring the foam volume, the liquid fraction, and the bubble size distribution. The shear-thinning effect of CNF is found to facilitate foam formation at SDS concentrations above the critical micelle concentration (cSDS ≥ cmc). Compared with foams stabilized by pure SDS, the presence of CNF enhances the viscosity and elasticity of the continuous phase as well as of the air/water interface. The CNF-containing foams have higher liquid fractions, larger initial bubble sizes, and better stability. Due to charge screening effects caused by sodium counter ions and depletion attraction caused by SDS micelles, especially at high SDS concentrations, CNF forms aggregates in the Plateau borders and nodes of the foam, thus slowing down liquid drainage and bubble growth and improving foam stability. Overall, our findings advance the understanding of the role of CNF in foam generation and stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Xiang
- Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering , Aalto University , P. O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo , Finland
| | - Natalie Preisig
- Universität Stuttgart , Institut für Physikalische Chemie , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Annika Ketola
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd. , P. O. Box 1603, FI-40101 Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Blaise L Tardy
- Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering , Aalto University , P. O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo , Finland
| | - Long Bai
- Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering , Aalto University , P. O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo , Finland
| | - Jukka A Ketoja
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd. , P. O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo , Finland
| | - Cosima Stubenrauch
- Universität Stuttgart , Institut für Physikalische Chemie , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering , Aalto University , P. O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo , Finland
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Xiang W, Preisig N, Laine C, Hjelt T, Tardy BL, Stubenrauch C, Rojas OJ. Surface Activity and Foaming Capacity of Aggregates Formed between an Anionic Surfactant and Non-Cellulosics Leached from Wood Fibers. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2286-2294. [PMID: 31021605 PMCID: PMC6560501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study relates to the release of non-cellulosic components (cell wall heteropolysaccharides, lignin, and extractives) from swollen wood fibers in the presence of an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) at submicellar concentrations. Highly surface-active aggregates form between SDS and the leached, non-cellulosic components, which otherwise do not occur in the presence of cationic or nonionic surfactants. The in situ and efficient generation of liquid foams in the presence of the leached species is demonstrated. The foaming capacity and foam stability, as well as the foam's structure, are determined as a function of the composition of the aqueous suspension. The results indicate that naturally occurring components bound to wood fibers are extractable solely with aqueous solutions of the anionic surfactant. Moreover, they can form surface-active aggregates that have a high foaming capacity. The results further our understanding of residual cell wall components and their role in the generation of foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Xiang
- Bio-Based
Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems,
School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Natalie Preisig
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Universität
Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christiane Laine
- VTT Technical
Research Centre of Finland Limited, P.O.
Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tuomo Hjelt
- VTT Technical
Research Centre of Finland Limited, P.O.
Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Blaise L. Tardy
- Bio-Based
Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems,
School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Cosima Stubenrauch
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Universität
Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Bio-Based
Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems,
School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
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Ago M, Huan S, Borghei M, Raula J, Kauppinen EI, Rojas OJ. High-Throughput Synthesis of Lignin Particles (∼30 nm to ∼2 μm) via Aerosol Flow Reactor: Size Fractionation and Utilization in Pickering Emulsions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:23302-10. [PMID: 27538013 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An aerosol flow reactor was used for the first time for high-throughput, high yield synthesis of spherical lignin particles with given inherent hydrophilicity, depending on the precursor biomolecule. In situ fractionation via Berner type impactor afforded populations with characteristic sizes ranging from ∼30 nm to 2 μm. The as-produced, dry lignin particles displayed excellent mechanical integrity, even after redispersion under high shear in either mineral oil or water. They were effective in the stabilization of oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsions with tunable droplet size, depending on the dimension of the lignin particles used for emulsification. The emulsion stability correlated with particle concentration as well as the respective lignin type. For the O/W emulsions stabilized with the more hydrophilic lignin particles, negligible changes in phase separation via Ostwald ripening and coalescence were observed over a period of time of more than two months. Together with the fact that the lignin particle concentrations used in emulsification were as low as 0.1%, our results reveal a remarkable ability to endow emulsified systems with high colloidal stability. Overall, we offer a new, high-yield, scalable nanomanufacturing approach to producing dry spherical lignin particles with size control and high production capacity. A number of emerging applications for these organic particles can be envisioned and, as a proof-of-concept, we illustrate here surfactant-free emulsification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Ago
- Bio-Based Colloids and Materials and Centre of Excellence on "Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research" (HYBER), Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University , FIN-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Siqi Huan
- Bio-Based Colloids and Materials and Centre of Excellence on "Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research" (HYBER), Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University , FIN-00076 Espoo, Finland
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Northeast Forestry University , Harbin 150040, China
| | - Maryam Borghei
- Bio-Based Colloids and Materials and Centre of Excellence on "Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research" (HYBER), Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University , FIN-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Janne Raula
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science , FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science , FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bio-Based Colloids and Materials and Centre of Excellence on "Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research" (HYBER), Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University , FIN-00076 Espoo, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science , FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
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