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Xie B, Liu Y, Lei Y, Qian H, Li Y, Yan W, Zhou C, Wen HM, Xia S, Mao P, Han M, Hu J. Innovative Thermocatalytic H 2 Sensor with Double-Sided Pd Nanocluster Films on an Ultrathin Mica Substrate. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2529-2539. [PMID: 38723609 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) is crucial in the future global energy landscape due to its eco-friendly properties, but its flammability requires precise monitoring. This study introduces an innovative thermocatalytic H2 sensor utilizing ultrathin mica sheets as substrates, coated on both sides with Pd nanocluster (NC) films. The ultrathin mica substrate ensures robustness and flexibility, enabling the sensor to withstand high temperatures and mechanical deformation. Additionally, it simplifies the fabrication process by eliminating the need for complex microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Constructed through cluster beam deposition, the sensor exhibits exceptional characteristics, including a wide concentration range (from 500 ppm to 4%), rapid response and recovery times (3.1 and 2.4 s for 1% H2), good selectivity, high stability, and repeatability. The operating temperature can be as low as 40 °C, achieving remarkably low power consumption. The study explores the impact of double-sided versus single-sided catalytic layers, revealing significantly higher sensitivity and response with the double-sided configuration due to the increased catalytic surface area. Additionally, the research investigates the relationship between the deposition amount of Pd NCs and the sensor's sensitivity, identifying an optimal value that maximizes performance without excessive use of Pd. The sensor's innovative design and excellent performance position it as a promising candidate for meeting the demands of a hydrogen-based energy economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yini Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yingshuang Lei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Qian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhu Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Changjiang Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Min Wen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Xia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Peng Mao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Min Han
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
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2
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Chae M, Lee D, Kim HD. Low-Power Consumption IGZO Memristor-Based Gas Sensor Embedded in an Internet of Things Monitoring System for Isopropanol Alcohol Gas. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:77. [PMID: 38258196 PMCID: PMC10821175 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Low-power-consumption gas sensors are crucial for diverse applications, including environmental monitoring and portable Internet of Things (IoT) systems. However, the desorption and adsorption characteristics of conventional metal oxide-based gas sensors require supplementary equipment, such as heaters, which is not optimal for low-power IoT monitoring systems. Memristor-based sensors (gasistors) have been investigated as innovative gas sensors owing to their advantages, including high response, low power consumption, and room-temperature (RT) operation. Based on IGZO, the proposed isopropanol alcohol (IPA) gas sensor demonstrates a detection speed of 105 s and a high response of 55.15 for 50 ppm of IPA gas at RT. Moreover, rapid recovery to the initial state was achievable in 50 μs using pulsed voltage and without gas purging. Finally, a low-power circuit module was integrated for wireless signal transmission and processing to ensure IoT compatibility. The stability of sensing results from gasistors based on IGZO has been demonstrated, even when integrated into IoT systems. This enables energy-efficient gas analysis and real-time monitoring at ~0.34 mW, supporting recovery via pulse bias. This research offers practical insights into IoT gas detection, presenting a wireless sensing system for sensitive, low-powered sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoungsu Chae
- Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Institute of Semiconductor and System IC, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Doowon Lee
- Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Institute of Semiconductor and System IC, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
- IHP GmbH—Leibniz Institute for Innovative Microelectronics, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Hee-Dong Kim
- Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Institute of Semiconductor and System IC, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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3
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Zhang Z, Luo L, Zhang Y, Lv G, Luo Y, Duan G. Wafer-Level Manufacturing of MEMS H 2 Sensing Chips Based on Pd Nanoparticles Modified SnO 2 Film Patterns. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302614. [PMID: 37400367 PMCID: PMC10502828 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript, a simple method combining atomic layer deposition and magnetron sputtering is developed to fabricate high-performance Pd/SnO2 film patterns applied for micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) H2 sensing chips. SnO2 film is first accurately deposited in the central areas of MEMS micro hotplate arrays by a mask-assistant method, leading the patterns with wafer-level high consistency in thickness. The grain size and density of Pd nanoparticles modified on the surface of the SnO2 film are further regulated to obtain an optimized sensing performance. The resulting MEMS H2 sensing chips show a wide detection range from 0.5 to 500 ppm, high resolution, and good repeatability. Based on the experiments and density functional theory calculations, a sensing enhancement mechanism is also proposed: a certain amount of Pd nanoparticles modified on the SnO2 surface could bring stronger H2 adsorption followed by dissociation, diffusion, and reaction with surface adsorbed oxygen species. Obviously, the method provided here is quite simple and effective for the manufacturing of MEMS H2 sensing chips with high consistency and optimized performance, which may also find broad applications in other MEMS chip technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- School of Integrated CircuitsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Liyang Luo
- School of Integrated CircuitsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- School of Integrated CircuitsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Guoliang Lv
- School of Integrated CircuitsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Materials PhysicsInstitute of Solid State PhysicsHFIPSChinese Academy of SciencesHefei230031China
| | - Guotao Duan
- School of Integrated CircuitsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
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Zhu J, Ji S, Ren Z, Wu W, Zhang Z, Ni Z, Liu L, Zhang Z, Song A, Lee C. Triboelectric-induced ion mobility for artificial intelligence-enhanced mid-infrared gas spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2524. [PMID: 37130843 PMCID: PMC10154418 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Isopropyl alcohol molecules, as a biomarker for anti-virus diagnosis, play a significant role in the area of environmental safety and healthcare relating volatile organic compounds. However, conventional gas molecule detection exhibits dramatic drawbacks, like the strict working conditions of ion mobility methodology and weak light-matter interaction of mid-infrared spectroscopy, yielding limited response of targeted molecules. We propose a synergistic methodology of artificial intelligence-enhanced ion mobility and mid-infrared spectroscopy, leveraging the complementary features from the sensing signal in different dimensions to reach superior accuracy for isopropyl alcohol identification. We pull in "cold" plasma discharge from triboelectric generator which improves the mid-infrared spectroscopic response of isopropyl alcohol with good regression prediction. Moreover, this synergistic methodology achieves ~99.08% accuracy for a precise gas concentration prediction, even with interferences of different carbon-based gases. The synergistic methodology of artificial intelligence-enhanced system creates mechanism of accurate gas sensing for mixture and regression prediction in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Shanling Ji
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Ren
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Zhisheng Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Aiguo Song
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.
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Cho I, Lee K, Sim YC, Jeong JS, Cho M, Jung H, Kang M, Cho YH, Ha SC, Yoon KJ, Park I. Deep-learning-based gas identification by time-variant illumination of a single micro-LED-embedded gas sensor. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:95. [PMID: 37072383 PMCID: PMC10113244 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Electronic nose (e-nose) technology for selectively identifying a target gas through chemoresistive sensors has gained much attention for various applications, such as smart factory and personal health monitoring. To overcome the cross-reactivity problem of chemoresistive sensors to various gas species, herein, we propose a novel sensing strategy based on a single micro-LED (μLED)-embedded photoactivated (μLP) gas sensor, utilizing the time-variant illumination for identifying the species and concentrations of various target gases. A fast-changing pseudorandom voltage input is applied to the μLED to generate forced transient sensor responses. A deep neural network is employed to analyze the obtained complex transient signals for gas detection and concentration estimation. The proposed sensor system achieves high classification (~96.99%) and quantification (mean absolute percentage error ~ 31.99%) accuracies for various toxic gases (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and nitrogen dioxide) with a single gas sensor consuming 0.53 mW. The proposed method may significantly improve the efficiency of e-nose technology in terms of cost, space, and power consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Incheol Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kichul Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Sim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Heechan Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Cho
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chul Ha
- SENKO Co., Ltd., 485, Oesammi-Dong, Osan-Si, Gyeonggil-Do, 18111, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk-Jin Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Cho I, Sim YC, Lee K, Cho M, Park J, Kang M, Chang KS, Jeong CB, Cho YH, Park I. Nanowatt-Level Photoactivated Gas Sensor Based on Fully-Integrated Visible MicroLED and Plasmonic Nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207165. [PMID: 36974597 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivated gas sensors that are fully integrated with micro light-emitting diodes (µLED) have shown great potential to substitute conventional micro/nano-electromechanical (M/NEMS) gas sensors owing to their low power consumption, high mechanical stability, and mass-producibility. Previous photoactivated gas sensors mostly have utilized ultra-violet (UV) light (250-400 nm) for activating high-bandgap metal oxides, although energy conversion efficiencies of gallium nitride (GaN) LEDs are maximized in the blue range (430-470 nm). This study presents a more advanced monolithic photoactivated gas sensor based on a nanowatt-level, ultra-low-power blue (λpeak = 435 nm) µLED platform (µLP). To promote the blue light absorbance of the sensing material, plasmonic silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) are uniformly coated on porous indium oxide (In2 O3 ) thin films. By the plasmonic effect, Ag NPs absorb the blue light and spontaneously transfer excited hot electrons to the surface of In2 O3 . Consequently, high external quantum efficiency (EQE, ≈17.3%) and sensor response (ΔR/R0 (%) = 1319%) to 1 ppm NO2 gas can be achieved with a small power consumption of 63 nW. Therefore, it is highly expected to realize various practical applications of mobile gas sensors such as personal environmental monitoring devices, smart factories, farms, and home appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Incheol Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Sim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kichul Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soo Chang
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Bae Jeong
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Cho
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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7
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Two-dimensional black phosphorus/tin oxide heterojunctions for high-performance chemiresistive H 2S sensing. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1245:340825. [PMID: 36737130 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emission from industrial fields and bacteria decomposing of sulfur-containing organic matter poses a significant impact on human health and atmospheric environment, thus necessitating the development of a H2S sensor with high sensitivity and exclusive selectivity especially at a very low dose. Chemiresistive sensors based on traditional metal oxides were readily limited by the elevated operating temperature and severe cross-sensitivity. To overcome these obstacles, we prepared two dimensional (2D) tin oxide (SnO2) nanosheets decorated with thin black phosphorus (BP) as the sensing layer of MEMS H2S sensors. Compared with pure SnO2 counterparts, BP-SnO2 sensors demonstrated lower optimal working temperature (130 °C vs. 160 °C), higher response (8.1 vs. 4.6) and faster response/recovery speeds (39.8 s/47.4 s vs. 79 s/140 s) toward 5 ppm H2S as well as larger sensitivity (1.3/ppm vs. 0.342/ppm). In addition, favorable repeatability, long-term stability, selectivity and humidity tolerance were exhibited. Thin BP not only served as an excellent conductivity platform within the composites, but enriched the adsorption sites by constructing p-n heterojunctions and introducing more oxygen vacancy, thus separately accelerating and strengthening the gas-solid interaction. This study showcased the application superiorities of BP nanosheets in the field of gas sensing, simultaneously providing a new strategy for trace H2S sensing via the 2D heterojunctions.
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Shabna S, Dhas SSJ, Biju C. Potential progress in SnO2 nanostructures for enhancing photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. CATAL COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2023.106642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
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Henriquez DVDO, Kang M, Cho I, Choi J, Park J, Gul O, Ahn J, Lee DS, Park I. Low-Power, Multi-Transduction Nanosensor Array for Accurate Sensing of Flammable and Toxic Gases. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201352. [PMID: 36693793 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Toxic and flammable gases pose a major safety risk in industrial settings; thus, their portable sensing is desired, which requires sensors with fast response, low-power consumption, and accurate detection. Herein, a low-power, multi-transduction array is presented for the accurate sensing of flammable and toxic gases. Specifically, four different sensors are integrated on a micro-electro-mechanical-systems platform consisting of bridge-type microheaters. To produce distinct fingerprints for enhanced selectivity, the four sensors operate based on two different transduction mechanisms: chemiresistive and calorimetric sensing. Local, in situ synthesis routes are used to integrate nanostructured materials (ZnO, CuO, and Pt Black) for the sensors on the microheaters. The transient responses of the four sensors are fed to a convolutional neural network for real-time classification and regression of five different gases (H2 , NO2 , C2 H6 O, CO, and NH3 ). An overall classification accuracy of 97.95%, an average regression error of 14%, and a power consumption of 7 mW per device are obtained. The combination of a versatile low-power platform, local integration of nanomaterials, different transduction mechanisms, and a real-time machine learning strategy presented herein helps advance the constant need to simultaneously achieve fast, low-power, and selective gas sensing of flammable and toxic gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionisio V Del Orbe Henriquez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Welfare & Medical ICT Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
- College of Engineering, Universidad APEC (UNAPEC), Santo Domingo, 10100, Dominican Republic
| | - Mingu Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungrak Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Osman Gul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Ahn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Lee
- Welfare & Medical ICT Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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10
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Dai T, Deng Z, Li M, Wang S, Chen M, Meng G. Voltage driven chemiresistor with ultralow power consumption based on self-heating bridged WO 3 nanowires. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2162-2170. [PMID: 36648490 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05324a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS)-based chemiresistors have been widely used for detecting harmful gases in many industrial and indoor/outdoor applications, which possess the advantages of small size, low cost, integratability, and ease of use. However, power consumption has become a critical parameter for practical applications. Several methods have been explored to reduce power consumption including reducing the operation temperature, use of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), and self-heating working mode. Among them, the self-heating working mode has attracted significant attention. Herein, a facile approach of modulating bridged NW chemiresistor by Joule heating effect is proposed to combine both the superiority of single crystal nanowire (NW) carrier channels and power consumption optimization of the self-heating mode. The WO3-bridged NW chemiresistors and WO3 film NW chemiresistors are both constructed to investigate gas responses and power consumption. Substantially magnified electrical responses (Rg/Ra) of WO3 NW chemiresistor toward NO2 is demonstrated by constructing a bridged structure. Under the optimal external heating condition, the responses of chemiresistors toward 5 ppm NO2 can be boosted from 369.7 (film NW) to 1089.7 (bridged NW). The responses to 5 ppm NO2 under the self-heating mode also can be boosted from 13.6 (film NW) to 24.6 (bridged NW) with a drastically declined power consumption. Self-heating bridged NWs allows for localizing the Joule heat within the nanojunction, and thus substantially lowers the power consumption to 0.13 μW (300 °C). This provides an additional opportunity for reducing power consumption of oxide chemiresistors for air quality monitoring in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Dai
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, and Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Zanhong Deng
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, and Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China
| | - Meng Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, and Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China
| | - Shimao Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, and Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China
| | - Mengxiao Chen
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, China.
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Gang Meng
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, and Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China
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11
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He T, Wen F, Yang Y, Le X, Liu W, Lee C. Emerging Wearable Chemical Sensors Enabling Advanced Integrated Systems toward Personalized and Preventive Medicine. Anal Chem 2023; 95:490-514. [PMID: 36625107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Feng Wen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Xianhao Le
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Weixin Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
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12
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Kim T, Cho W, Kim B, Yeom J, Kwon YM, Baik JM, Kim JJ, Shin H. Batch Nanofabrication of Suspended Single 1D Nanoheaters for Ultralow-Power Metal Oxide Semiconductor-Based Gas Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204078. [PMID: 36180411 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The demand for power-efficient micro-and nanodevices is increasing rapidly. In this regard, electrothermal nanowire-based heaters are promising solutions for the ultralow-power devices required in IoT applications. Herein, a method is demonstrated for producing a 1D nanoheater by selectively coating a suspended pyrolyzed carbon nanowire backbone with a thin Au resistive heater layer and utilizing it in a portable gas sensor system. This sophisticated nanostructure is developed without complex nanofabrication and nanoscale alignment processes, owing to the suspended architecture and built-in shadow mask. The suspended carbon nanowires, which are batch-fabricated using carbon-microelectromechanical systems technology, maintain their structural and functional integrity in subsequent nanopatterning processes because of their excellent mechanical robustness. The developed nanoheater is used in gas sensors via user-designable localization of the metal oxide semiconductor nanomaterials onto the central region of the nanoheater at the desired temperature. This allows the sensing site to be uniformly heated, enabling reliable and sensitive gas detection. The 1D nanoheater embedded gas sensor can be heated immediately to 250 °C at a remarkably low power of 1.6 mW, surpassing the performance of state-of-the-art microheater-based gas sensors. The presented technology offers facile 1D nanoheater production and promising pathways for applications in various electrothermal devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Wootaek Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomsang Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyeong Yeom
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Min Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Baik
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Joon Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungjoo Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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13
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Zhu J, Wen H, Fan Y, Yang X, Zhang H, Wu W, Zhou Y, Hu H. Recent advances in gas and environmental sensing: From micro/nano to the era of self-powered and artificial intelligent (AI)-enabled device. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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14
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Tang W, Chen Z, Song Z, Wang C, Wan Z, Chan CLJ, Chen Z, Ye W, Fan Z. Microheater Integrated Nanotube Array Gas Sensor for Parts-Per-Trillion Level Gas Detection and Single Sensor-Based Gas Discrimination. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10968-10978. [PMID: 35797450 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of health threatening gases for chemical safety and human health protection requires detection and discrimination of trace gases with proper gas sensors. In many applications, costly, bulky, and power-hungry devices, normally employing optical gas sensors and electrochemical gas sensors, are used for this purpose. Using a single miniature low-power semiconductor gas sensor to achieve this goal is hardly possible, mostly due to its selectivity issue. Herein, we report a dual-mode microheater integrated nanotube array gas sensor (MINA sensor). The MINA sensor can detect hydrogen, acetone, toluene, and formaldehyde with the lowest measured limits of detection (LODs) as 40 parts-per-trillion (ppt) and the theoretical LODs of ∼7 ppt, under the continuous heating (CH) mode, owing to the nanotubular architecture with large sensing area and excellent surface catalytic activity. Intriguingly, unlike the conventional electronic noses that use arrays of gas sensors for gas discrimination, we discovered that when driven by the pulse heating (PH) mode, a single MINA sensor possesses discrimination capability of multiple gases through a transient feature extraction method. These above features of our MINA sensors make them highly attractive for distributed low-power sensor networks and battery-powered mobile sensing systems for chemical/environmental safety and healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Tang
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zhesi Chen
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zhilong Song
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zhu'an Wan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Chak Lam Jonathan Chan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wenhao Ye
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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15
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Abstract
There is an increasing need for the development of low-cost and highly sensitive gas sensors for environmental, commercial, and industrial applications in various areas, such as hazardous gas monitoring, safety, and emission control in combustion processes. Considering this, resistive-based gas sensors using metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) have gained special attention owing to their high sensing performance, high stability, and low cost of synthesis and fabrication. The relatively low final costs of these gas sensors allow their commercialization; consequently, they are widely used and available at low prices. This review focuses on the important MOSs with different morphologies, including quantum dots, nanowires, nanofibers, nanotubes, hierarchical nanostructures, and other structures for the fabrication of resistive gas sensors.
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16
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Han J, Kang M, Jeong J, Cho I, Yu J, Yoon K, Park I, Choi Y. Artificial Olfactory Neuron for an In-Sensor Neuromorphic Nose. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106017. [PMID: 35426489 PMCID: PMC9218653 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A neuromorphic module of an electronic nose (E-nose) is demonstrated by hybridizing a chemoresistive gas sensor made of a semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) and a single transistor neuron (1T-neuron) made of a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). By mimicking a biological olfactory neuron, it simultaneously detects a gas and encoded spike signals for in-sensor neuromorphic functioning. It identifies an odor source by analyzing the complicated mixed signals using a spiking neural network (SNN). The proposed E-nose does not require conversion circuits, which are essential for processing the sensory signals between the sensor array and processors in the conventional bulky E-nose. In addition, they do not have to include a central processing unit (CPU) and memory, which are required for von Neumann computing. The spike transmission of the biological olfactory system, which is known to be the main factor for reducing power consumption, is realized with the SNN for power savings compared to the conventional E-nose with a deep neural network (DNN). Therefore, the proposed neuromorphic E-nose is promising for application to Internet of Things (IoT), which demands a highly scalable and energy-efficient system. As a practical example, it is employed as an electronic sommelier by classifying different types of wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon‐Kyu Han
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Kang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Jeong
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Cho
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Man Yu
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk‐Jin Yoon
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Yang‐Kyu Choi
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
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17
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Song L, Zhang J, Li H, Tang X. Enhanced ethanol gas sensing properties of hierarchical porous SnO 2-ZnO microspheres at low working temperature. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2048006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Song
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Li
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonian Tang
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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18
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Research Progress on Coating of Sensitive Materials for Micro-Hotplate Gas Sensor. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13030491. [PMID: 35334783 PMCID: PMC8952244 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Micro-hotplate gas sensors are widely used in air quality monitoring, identification of hazardous chemicals, human health monitoring, and other fields due to their advantages of small size, low power consumption, excellent consistency, and fast response speed. The micro-hotplate gas sensor comprises a micro-hotplate and a gas-sensitive material layer. The micro-hotplate is responsible for providing temperature conditions for the sensor to work. The gas-sensitive material layer is responsible for the redox reaction with the gas molecules to be measured, causing the resistance value to change. The gas-sensitive material film with high stability, fantastic adhesion, and amazing uniformity is prepared on the surface of the micro-hotplate to realize the reliable assembly of the gas-sensitive material and the micro-hotplate, which can improve the response speed, response value, and selectivity. This paper first introduces the classification and structural characteristics of micro-hotplates. Then the assembly process and characteristics of various gas-sensing materials and micro-hotplates are summarized. Finally, the assembly method of the gas-sensing material and the micro-hotplate prospects.
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19
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Kang X, Yip S, Meng Y, Wang W, Li D, Liu C, Ho JC. High-performance electrically transduced hazardous gas sensors based on low-dimensional nanomaterials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6254-6270. [PMID: 36133491 PMCID: PMC9419631 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00433f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional nanomaterials have been proven as promising high-performance gas sensing components due to their fascinating structural, physical, chemical, and electronic characteristics. In particular, materials with low dimensionalities (i.e., 0D, 1D, and 2D) possess an extremely large surface area-to-volume ratio to expose abundant active sites for interactions with molecular analytes. Gas sensors based on these materials exhibit a sensitive response to subtle external perturbations on sensing channel materials via electrical transduction, demonstrating a fast response/recovery, specific selectivity, and remarkable stability. Herein, we comprehensively elaborate gas sensing performances in the field of sensitive detection of hazardous gases with diverse low-dimensional sensing materials and their hybrid combinations. We will first introduce the common configurations of gas sensing devices and underlying transduction principles. Then, the main performance parameters of gas sensing devices and subsequently the main underlying sensing mechanisms governing their detection operation process are outlined and described. Importantly, we also elaborate the compositional and structural characteristics of various low-dimensional sensing materials, exemplified by the corresponding sensing systems. Finally, our perspectives on the challenges and opportunities confronting the development and future applications of low-dimensional materials for high-performance gas sensing are also presented. The aim is to provide further insights into the material design of different nanostructures and to establish relevant design guidelines to facilitate the device performance enhancement of nanomaterial based gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong SAR China
| | - SenPo Yip
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - You Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Dengji Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Johnny C Ho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong SAR China
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong SAR China
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20
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YANG G, ZHANG Z, ZHANG YL, LUO YY, XIONG X, DUAN GT. Thermal simulation of micro hotplate for multiple MEMS gas sensors. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Zhu J, Sun Z, Xu J, Walczak RD, Dziuban JA, Lee C. Volatile organic compounds sensing based on Bennet doubler-inspired triboelectric nanogenerator and machine learning-assisted ion mobility analysis. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1176-1185. [PMID: 36654355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility analysis is a well-known analytical technique for identifying gas-phase compounds in fast-response gas-monitoring systems. However, the conventional plasma discharge system is bulky, operates at a high temperature, and inappropriate for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentration detection. Therefore, we report a machine learning (ML)-enhanced ion mobility analyzer with a triboelectric-based ionizer, which offers good ion mobility selectivity and VOC recognition ability with a small-sized device and non-strict operating environment. Based on the charge accumulation mechanism, a multi-switched manipulation triboelectric nanogenerator (SM-TENG) can provide a direct current (DC) bias at the order of a few hundred, which can be further leveraged as the power source to obtain a unique and repeatable discharge characteristic of different VOCs, and their mixtures, with a special tip-plate electrode configuration. Aiming to tackle the grand challenge in the detection of multiple VOCs, the ML-enhanced ion mobility analysis method was successfully demonstrated by extracting specific features automatically from ion mobility spectrometry data with ML algorithms, which significantly enhance the detection ability of the SM-TENG based VOC analyzer, showing a portable real-time VOC monitoring solution with rapid response and low power consumption for future internet of things based environmental monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhongda Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jikai Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rafal D Walczak
- Department of Mircroengineering and Photovoltaics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Jan A Dziuban
- Department of Mircroengineering and Photovoltaics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou 215123, China; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore.
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22
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Zhu J, Ren Z, Lee C. Toward Healthcare Diagnoses by Machine-Learning-Enabled Volatile Organic Compound Identification. ACS NANO 2021; 15:894-903. [PMID: 33307692 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a natural monitor of health conditions for human beings, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) act as significant biomarkers for healthcare monitoring and early stage diagnosis of diseases. Most existing VOC sensors use semiconductors, optics, and electrochemistry, which are only capable of measuring the total concentration of VOCs with slow response, resulting in the lack of selectivity and low efficiency for VOC detection. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy technology provides an effective solution to detect chemical structures of VOC molecules by absorption fingerprints induced by the signature vibration of chemical stretches. However, traditional IR spectroscopy for VOC detection is limited by the weak light-matter interaction, resulting in large optical paths. Leveraging the ultrahigh electric field induced by plasma, the vibration of the molecules is enhanced to improve the light-matter interaction. Herein, we report a plasma-enhanced IR absorption spectroscopy with advantages of fast response, accurate quantization, and good selectivity. An order of ∼kV voltage was achieved from the multiswitched manipulation of the triboelectric nanogenerator by repeated sliding. The VOC species and their concentrations were well-quantified from the wavelength and intensity of spectra signals with the enhancement from plasma. Furthermore, machine learning has visualized the relationship of different VOCs in the mixture, which demonstrated the feasibility of the VOC identification to mimic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Ren
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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23
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Seo MH, Kang K, Yoo JY, Park J, Lee JS, Cho I, Kim BJ, Jeong Y, Lee JY, Kim B, Rho J, Yoon JB, Park I. Chemo-Mechanically Operating Palladium-Polymer Nanograting Film for a Self-Powered H 2 Gas Sensor. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16813-16822. [PMID: 33263256 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a reliable and self-powered hydrogen (H2) gas sensor composed of a chemo-mechanically operating nanostructured film and photovoltaic cell. Specifically, the nanostructured film has a configuration in which an asymmetrically coated palladium (Pd) film is coated on a periodic polyurethane acrylate (PUA) nanograting. The asymmetric Pd nanostructures, optimized by a finite element method simulation, swell upon reacting with H2 and thereby bend the PUA nanograting, changing the amount of transmitted light and the current output of the photovoltaic cell. Since the degree of warping is determined by the concentration of H2 gas, a wide concentration range of H2 (0.1-4.0%) can be detected by measuring the self-generated electrical current of the photovoltaic cell without external power. The normalized output current changes are ∼1.5%, ∼2.8%, ∼3.5%, ∼5.0%, ∼21.5%, and 25.3% when the concentrations of H2 gas are 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.6%, 2%, and 4%, respectively. Moreover, because Pd is highly chemically reactive to H2 and also because there is no electrical current applied through Pd, the proposed sensor can avoid device failure due to the breakage of the Pd sensing material, resulting in high reliability, and can show high selectivity against various gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, and water vapor. Finally, using only ambient visible light, the sensor was modularized to produce an alarm in the presence of H2 gas, verifying a potential always-on H2 gas monitoring application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Seo
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, College of Information and Biomedical Engineering, Pusan National University, 49, Busandaehak-ro, Yangsan-si 43241, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungnam Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Shin Lee
- Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Jun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongrok Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongsu Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Bo Yoon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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24
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Kang K, Park J, Kim B, Na K, Cho I, Rho J, Yang D, Lee JY, Park I. Self-Powered Gas Sensor Based on a Photovoltaic Cell and a Colorimetric Film with Hierarchical Micro/Nanostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:39024-39032. [PMID: 32623883 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a new type of self-powered gas sensors based on the combination of a colorimetric film with hierarchical micro/nanostructures and organic photovoltaic cells. The transmittance of the colorimetric film with micro/nanostructures coated with N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) changes by reacting with NO2 gas, and it is measured as a current output of the photovoltaic cell. For this purpose, materials for the organic photovoltaic cells were carefully chosen to match the working wavelength of the TMPD. Micropost arrays and nanowires increase the surface area for the gas reaction and thus improve the transmittance changes by NO2 gas (6.7% change for the plain film vs 27.7% change for the film with hierarchical micro/nanostructures to 20 ppm of NO2). Accordingly, the colorimetric device with the hierarchical structures showed a response of ΔI/I0 = 0.27-20 ppm of NO2, which is a 71% improvement compared to that of the plain sensing film. Furthermore, it showed a high selectivity against other gases such as H2S and CO with almost negligible responses. Since the current output change of the photovoltaic cell is utilized as a sensor signal, no extra electrical power is required for the operation of gas sensors. We also integrated the sensor device with an electrical module and demonstrated a self-powered gas alarm system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungnam Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongsu Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmin Na
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Daejong Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Seo MH, Yoo JY, Jo MS, Yoon JB. Geometrically Structured Nanomaterials for Nanosensors, NEMS, and Nanosieves. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907082. [PMID: 32253800 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, geometrically structured nanomaterials have received great attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties, which originate from the geometric variation in such materials. Indeed, the use of various geometrically structured nanomaterials has been actively reported in enhanced-performance devices in a wide range of applications. Recent significant progress in the development of geometrically structured nanomaterials and associated devices is summarized. First, a brief introduction of advanced nanofabrication methods that enable the fabrication of various geometrically structured nanomaterials is given, and then the performance enhancements achieved in devices utilizing these nanomaterials, namely, i) physical and gas nanosensors, ii) nanoelectromechanical devices, and iii) nanosieves are described. For the device applications, a systematic summary of their structures, working mechanisms, fabrication methods, and output performance is provided. Particular focus is given to how device performance can be enhanced through the geometric structures of the nanomaterials. Finally, perspectives on the development of novel nanomaterial structures and associated devices are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Seo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jae-Young Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seung Jo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Bo Yoon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Lee JS, Choi KW, Yoo JY, Jo MS, Yoon JB. Realization of Nanolene: A Planar Array of Perfectly Aligned, Air-Suspended Nanowires. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906845. [PMID: 32072747 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Air suspension and alignment are fundamental requirements to make the best use of nanowires' unique properties; however, satisfying both requirements is very challenging due to the mechanical instability of air-suspended nanowires. Here, a perfectly aligned air-suspended nanowire array called "nanolene" is demonstrated, which has a high mechanical stability owing to a C-channel-shaped cross-section of the nanowires. The excellent mechanical stability is provided through geometrical modeling and finite element method simulations. The C-channel cross-section can be realized by top-down fabrication procedures, resulting in reliable demonstrations of the nanolenes with various materials and geometric parameters. The fabrication process provides large-area uniformity; therefore, nanolene can be considered as a 2D planar platform for 1D nanowire arrays. Thanks to the high mechanical stability of the proposed nanolene, perfectly aligned air-suspended nanowire arrays with an unprecedented length of 1 mm (aspect ratio ≈5100) are demonstrated. Since the nanolene can be used in an energy-efficient nanoheater, two energy-stringent sensors, namely, an air-flow sensor and a carbon monoxide gas sensor, are demonstrated. In particular, the gas sensor achieves sub-10 mW operations, which is a requirement for application in mobile phones. The proposed nanolene will pave the way to accelerate nanowire research and industrialization by providing reliable, high-performance nanowire devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Shin Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Wook Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seung Jo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Bo Yoon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Fu H, Shao H, Wang L, Jin H, Xia D, Deng S, Wang Y, Chen Y, Hua C, Liu L, Zang L. From a Relatively Hydrophobic and Triethylamine (TEA) Adsorption-Selective Core-Shell Heterostructure to a Humidity-Resistant and TEA Highly Selective Sensing Prototype: An Alternative Approach to Improve the Sensing Characteristics of TEA Sensors. ACS Sens 2020; 5:571-579. [PMID: 32013398 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During the detection of industrial toxic gases, such as triethylamine (TEA), poor selectivity and negative humidity impact are still challenging issues. A frequently reported strategy is to employ molecular sieves or metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes so that interference derived from surrounding gases or water vapor can be blocked. Nevertheless, the decline in the response signal was also observed after coating these membranes. Herein, an alternative strategy that is based on a hydrophobic, TEA adsorption-selective p-n conjunction core-shell heterostructure is proposed and is speculated to simultaneously enhance selectivity, sensitivity, and humidity resistance. To verify the practicability of the proposed strategy, a thickness-tunable nitrogen-doped carbon (N-C) shell-coated α-Fe2O3 nano-olive (N-C@α-Fe2O3 NO)-based core-shell heterostructure that is obtained via a unique all-vapor-phase processing method is selected as the research example. After forming the core-shell heterostructure, a relatively hydrophobic and TEA adsorption-selective N-C@α-Fe2O3 NO surface was experimentally confirmed. Particularly, a chemiresistive sensor that comprises N-C@α-Fe2O3 NOs exhibits satisfactory selectivity and response magnitude to TEA when compared with the sensor using α-Fe2O3 NOs. The detection limit can even reduce to be 400 ppb at 250 °C. Furthermore, the sensor based on N-C@α-Fe2O3 NOs shows desirable humidity resistance within the relative humidity (RH) range of 30-90%. For practical usage, a sensing prototype based on the N-C@α-Fe2O3 NO probe is fabricated, and its satisfactory sensing performance further confirms the potential for future applications in industrial organic amine detection. These promising results show a bright future in enhancing the humidity resistance and selectivity as well as sensitivity of chemiresistive sensors by simply designing a hydrophobic and target gas adsorption (e.g., TEA) preferred p-n junction core-shell heterostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fu
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning 530003, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metallic and Featured Materials, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Hongyun Shao
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning 530003, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metallic and Featured Materials, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning 530003, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metallic and Featured Materials, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Han Jin
- Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Ningbo Materials Science and Technology Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Dehua Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shengwei Deng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning 530003, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metallic and Featured Materials, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Changzhou Hua
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Li Liu
- Faculty of Information Engineering, Ningbo University of Finance & Economics, Ningbo 315175, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Zang
- Nano Institute of Utah and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Cho I, Sim YC, Cho M, Cho YH, Park I. Monolithic Micro Light-Emitting Diode/Metal Oxide Nanowire Gas Sensor with Microwatt-Level Power Consumption. ACS Sens 2020; 5:563-570. [PMID: 31922397 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-performance, monolithic photoactivated gas sensors based on the integration of gas-sensitive semiconductor metal oxide nanowires on micro light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) are introduced. The μLEDs showed improved irradiance and energy conversion efficiency (i.e., external quantum efficiency, EQE), as the size of LEDs was reduced from 200 × 200 μm2 (irradiance of 46.5 W/cm2 and EQE of 4%) to 30 × 30 μm2 (irradiance of 822.4 W/cm2 and EQE of 9%). Gas-sensitive zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires were directly synthesized on top of the μLED through a hydrothermal reaction. The direct contact between the sensing component and μLED sensor platform leads to high light coupling efficiency, minimizing power consumption of the sensor. Furthermore, the sensing performance (i.e., sensitivity) at optimal operating power was improved as the LED size was reduced. The smallest fabricated gas sensor (active area = 30 × 30 μm2) showed excellent NO2 sensitivity (ΔR/R0 = 605% to 1 ppm NO2) at the optimal operating power (∼184 μW). In addition, the sensor showed a low limit of detection (∼14.9 ppb) and robustness to high humidity conditions, which demonstrate its potential for practical applications in mobile internet of things (IoT) devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Incheol Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Sim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Cho
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Micro Electrochemical Machining of Array Micro-Grooves Using In-Situ Disk Electrode Fabricated by Micro-WEDM. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11010066. [PMID: 31936114 PMCID: PMC7019766 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper develops an array micro-grooves manufacturing method using micro electrochemical machining (ECM) with disk electrode, which is prepared by in-situ micro wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). This technology focuses on the difficulty of array structure manufacture in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). A micro-ECM system is built based on the micro-WEDM machine to achieve high precision processing of the array micro-grooves. Since micro-WEDM has good performance in high precision machining of the rotating structure, single and multi-edge disk electrodes can be fabricated in-situ using graphite. The as-prepared disk tool electrode is directly used for micro-electrochemical milling of the array micro-grooves without disassembling away from the device, which avoids the positioning error caused by the re-clamping of the disk electrode. With the advantages of high surface quality and no electrode loss, micro-ECM improves the manufacture performance of the micro-parts. Through wire path optimization, the shape accuracy of the disk edge is improved. After the research of the micro-ECM parameters, the process is improved, and finally, the high precision array micro-grooves are obtained. This method combines the advantages of micro-WEDM and disk electrode micro-ECM milling, and it is convenient for large-scale manufacture of array micro-structures on micro-parts and MEMS.
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Zhu LY, Yuan KP, Yang JH, Hang CZ, Ma HP, Ji XM, Devi A, Lu HL, Zhang DW. Hierarchical highly ordered SnO 2 nanobowl branched ZnO nanowires for ultrasensitive and selective hydrogen sulfide gas sensing. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:30. [PMID: 34567644 PMCID: PMC8433378 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive and selective hydrogen sulfide (H2S) sensors based on hierarchical highly ordered SnO2 nanobowl branched ZnO nanowires (NWs) were synthesized via a sequential process combining hard template processing, atomic-layer deposition, and hydrothermal processing. The hierarchical sensing materials were prepared in situ on microelectromechanical systems, which are expected to achieve high-performance gas sensors with superior sensitivity, long-term stability and repeatability, as well as low power consumption. Specifically, the hierarchical nanobowl SnO2@ZnO NW sensor displayed a high sensitivity of 6.24, a fast response and recovery speed (i.e., 14 s and 39 s, respectively), and an excellent selectivity when detecting 1 ppm H2S at 250 °C, whose rate of resistance change (i.e., 5.24) is 2.6 times higher than that of the pristine SnO2 nanobowl sensor. The improved sensing performance could be attributed to the increased specific surface area, the formation of heterojunctions and homojunctions, as well as the additional reaction between ZnO and H2S, which were confirmed by electrochemical characterization and band alignment analysis. Moreover, the well-structured hierarchical sensors maintained stable performance after a month, suggesting excellent stability and repeatability. In summary, such well-designed hierarchical highly ordered nanobowl SnO2@ZnO NW gas sensors demonstrate favorable potential for enhanced sensitive and selective H2S detection with long-term stability and repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Ping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-He Yang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Zhou Hang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Ping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ming Ji
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Anjana Devi
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - David Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
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Zhu J, Liu X, Shi Q, He T, Sun Z, Guo X, Liu W, Sulaiman OB, Dong B, Lee C. Development Trends and Perspectives of Future Sensors and MEMS/NEMS. MICROMACHINES 2019; 11:E7. [PMID: 31861476 PMCID: PMC7019281 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
With the fast development of the fifth-generation cellular network technology (5G), the future sensors and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)/nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) are presenting a more and more critical role to provide information in our daily life. This review paper introduces the development trends and perspectives of the future sensors and MEMS/NEMS. Starting from the issues of the MEMS fabrication, we introduced typical MEMS sensors for their applications in the Internet of Things (IoTs), such as MEMS physical sensor, MEMS acoustic sensor, and MEMS gas sensor. Toward the trends in intelligence and less power consumption, MEMS components including MEMS/NEMS switch, piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT), and MEMS energy harvesting were investigated to assist the future sensors, such as event-based or almost zero-power. Furthermore, MEMS rigid substrate toward NEMS flexible-based for flexibility and interface was discussed as another important development trend for next-generation wearable or multi-functional sensors. Around the issues about the big data and human-machine realization for human beings' manipulation, artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) technologies were finally realized using sensor nodes and its wave identification as future trends for various scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.S.); (T.H.); (Z.S.); (X.G.); (W.L.); (O.B.S.); (B.D.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- Hybrid-Integrated Flexible (Stretchable) Electronic Systems Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xinmiao Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.S.); (T.H.); (Z.S.); (X.G.); (W.L.); (O.B.S.); (B.D.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- Hybrid-Integrated Flexible (Stretchable) Electronic Systems Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Qiongfeng Shi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.S.); (T.H.); (Z.S.); (X.G.); (W.L.); (O.B.S.); (B.D.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- Hybrid-Integrated Flexible (Stretchable) Electronic Systems Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.S.); (T.H.); (Z.S.); (X.G.); (W.L.); (O.B.S.); (B.D.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- Hybrid-Integrated Flexible (Stretchable) Electronic Systems Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhongda Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.S.); (T.H.); (Z.S.); (X.G.); (W.L.); (O.B.S.); (B.D.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- Hybrid-Integrated Flexible (Stretchable) Electronic Systems Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Xinge Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.S.); (T.H.); (Z.S.); (X.G.); (W.L.); (O.B.S.); (B.D.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- Hybrid-Integrated Flexible (Stretchable) Electronic Systems Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Weixin Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.S.); (T.H.); (Z.S.); (X.G.); (W.L.); (O.B.S.); (B.D.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- Hybrid-Integrated Flexible (Stretchable) Electronic Systems Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Othman Bin Sulaiman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.S.); (T.H.); (Z.S.); (X.G.); (W.L.); (O.B.S.); (B.D.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- Hybrid-Integrated Flexible (Stretchable) Electronic Systems Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Bowei Dong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.S.); (T.H.); (Z.S.); (X.G.); (W.L.); (O.B.S.); (B.D.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- Hybrid-Integrated Flexible (Stretchable) Electronic Systems Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.S.); (T.H.); (Z.S.); (X.G.); (W.L.); (O.B.S.); (B.D.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- Hybrid-Integrated Flexible (Stretchable) Electronic Systems Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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Liu L, Wang Y, Dai Y, Li G, Wang S, Li T, Zhang T, Qin S. In Situ Growth of NiO@SnO 2 Hierarchical Nanostructures for High Performance H 2S Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:44829-44836. [PMID: 31722530 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructured metal oxides with large specific surface area are crucial for constructing gas sensors with high performance. However, using slurry-coating and screen-printing methods to fabricate gas sensors cannot result in high uniformity and reproducibility of the sensors. Here, NiO nanowalls decorated by SnO2 nanoneedles (NiO@SnO2) were in situ grown on ceramic microchips via a chemical bath deposition method to detect H2S instead of print-coating and slurry-coating methods. The morphologies and compositions of the NiO@SnO2 hierarchical nanostructures (HNSs) were well tuned by varying the growth time of the NiO@SnO2 HNSs to optimize the sensing performance. The response of the NiO@SnO2 HNSs (2 h) to 1 ppm of H2S was over 23-fold higher than that of the pure NiO nanowalls and 17-fold higher than that of the pure SnO2 nanosheets. This dramatic enhancement is attributed to the large surface area of the NiO@SnO2 HNSs and the p-n heterojunction at the heterointerface of SnO2 and NiO. The variation in the depletion layers (WSnO2 and WNiO) at the heterointerface of SnO2 and NiO greatly depends on the properties of the target gases (e.g., electron-withdrawing property (NO2) or electron-donating property (H2S)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University , Department of Health and Environmental Sciences , 111 Renai Road , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P. R. China
- Department of Environmental Sciences , University of Liverpool , Brownlow Hill , Liverpool L69 7ZX , United Kingdom
| | - Yingyi Wang
- Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University , Department of Health and Environmental Sciences , 111 Renai Road , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Yanbing Dai
- i-Lab, and Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , 398 Ruoshui Road , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of California , Riverside California 92521 , United States
| | - Shuqi Wang
- i-Lab, and Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , 398 Ruoshui Road , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Tie Li
- i-Lab, and Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , 398 Ruoshui Road , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University , Department of Health and Environmental Sciences , 111 Renai Road , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Sujie Qin
- Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University , Department of Health and Environmental Sciences , 111 Renai Road , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P. R. China
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Yun J, Ahn JH, Moon DI, Choi YK, Park I. Joule-Heated and Suspended Silicon Nanowire Based Sensor for Low-Power and Stable Hydrogen Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:42349-42357. [PMID: 31617994 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We developed self-heated, suspended, and palladium-decorated silicon nanowires (Pd-SiNWs) for high-performance hydrogen (H2) gas sensing with low power consumption and high stability against diverse environmental noises. To prepare the Pd-SiNWs, SiNWs were fabricated by conventional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes, and Pd nanoparticles were coated on the SiNWs by a physical vapor deposition method. Suspended Pd-SiNWs were simply obtained by etching buried oxide layer and Pd deposition. Joule heating of Pd-SiNW (<1 mW) enables the detection of H2 gas with a faster response and without the reduction of sensitivity unlike other Pd-based H2 gas sensors. We proposed a H2 sensing model using oxygen adsorption on the Pd nanoparticle-coated silicon oxide surface to understand the H2 response of Joule-heated Pd-SiNWs. A suspended Pd-SiNW showed a similar transient sensing response with around four times lower Joule heating power (147 μW) than the substrate-bound Pd-SiNW (613 μW). The effect of interfering gas on the Pd-SiNW was investigated, and it was found that the Joule heating of Pd-SiNW helps to maintain the H2 sensing performance in humid or carbon monoxide environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae-Hyuk Ahn
- Department of Electronic Engineering , Kwangwoon University , Seoul 01897 , Republic of Korea
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Lee G, Choi M, Chae SS, Jeong DW, Choi WJ, Ji S, Kim YH, Choi JW, Lee TI, Cho I, Park I, Lee SS, Park S, Park N, Chang H, Lee JO. Scratch to sensitize: scratch-induced sensitivity enhancement in semiconductor thin-film sensors. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:15374-15381. [PMID: 31389946 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03984h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor gas sensors are advantageous in miniaturization and can be used in a wide range of applications, yet consume large power due to high operating temperature. Here we demonstrated the ability of nanoscale scratches produced with mechanical abrasion to enhance the chemical sensitivity of thin-film-type semiconductor sensors. Well-aligned arrays of scratches parallel to the electrical current direction between the source and drain electrodes were made, using typical polishing machines with diamond suspensions, on semiconductor thin films produced with various deposition methods such as atomic layer deposition (ALD), sputtering, and the sol-gel technique. Processing with sharp diamond microparticles left nano-grooves on the surface, together with changes in chemical composition. For all of the tested metal oxide thin films, the introduction of scratches yielded increased quantities of oxygen vacancies and metallic components. Scratched ZnO devices exhibited superior performance even at room temperature, as predicted by a computational simulation that showed increased binding energy of gas molecules on defects. The scratch technique shown in the present study may be used to produce dense arrays of nanometer-scale, chemically functionalized line patterns on substrates larger than a few tens of centimeters with minimum cost, which in turn may be used in a variety of applications including massive arrays of sensors displaying high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonhee Lee
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
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Yang D, Cho I, Kim D, Lim MA, Li Z, Ok JG, Lee M, Park I. Gas Sensor by Direct Growth and Functionalization of Metal Oxide/Metal Sulfide Core-Shell Nanowires on Flexible Substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:24298-24307. [PMID: 31187618 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel fabrication method for flexible gas sensors for toxic gases based on sequential wet chemical reaction. In specific, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires were locally synthesized and directly integrated on a flexible polymer substrate using localized hydrothermal synthesis methods and their surfaces were selectively functionalized with palladium (Pd) nanoparticles using a liquid phase deposition process. Because the entire process is conducted at a low temperature in a mild precursor solution, it can be applied for flexible substrates. Furthermore, the surface of ZnO nanowires was sulfurized by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas to form zinc oxide/zinc sulfide (ZnO/ZnS) core-shell nanowires for stable sensing of H2S gas. The locally synthesized ZnO/ZnS core-shell nanowires enable an ultracompact-sized device, and Pd nanoparticles improve the sensing performance and reduce the operating temperature (200 °C). The device shows a high sensitivity [(Ggas - Gair)/Gair × 100% = 4491% to 10 ppm], fast response (response/recovery time <100 s) to hydrogen sulfide, and outstanding selectivity (>100 times) to other toxic gases (e.g., carbon monoxide, acetone, ethanol, and toluene). Moreover, vertically synthesized nanowires provide a long bending path, which reduces the mechanical stresses on the structure. The devices showed stable gas sensing performance under 9 mm positive radius of curvature and 5 mm negative radius of curvature. The mechanical robustness of the device was also verified by numerical simulations which showed dramatic decrease of maximum stress and strain to 4.2 and 5.0%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daejong Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering , Kongju National University , 1223-24 Cheonan-daero , Seobuk-gu, Cheonan , Chungcheongnam-do 31080 , South Korea
| | | | - Donghwan Kim
- Korea Electric Power Research Institute (KEPRI) , Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) , 105 Munji-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34056 , South Korea
| | | | - Zhiyong Li
- Systems Research Lab , Hewlett Packard Laboratory , 1501 Page Mill Rd , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Jong G Ok
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering , Seoul National University of Science and Technology , 232 Gongneung-ro , Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811 , South Korea
| | - Moonjin Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering , 1312-32 Yuseong-daero , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103 , South Korea
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Wang H, Xiu Y, Chen Y, Sun L, Yang L, Chen H, Niu X. Electrochemical immunosensor based on an antibody-hierarchical mesoporous SiO 2 for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus. RSC Adv 2019; 9:16278-16287. [PMID: 35521412 PMCID: PMC9064347 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00907h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of food-borne pathogens has become a serious concern; therefore, the detection of pathogenic bacteria in food is required. Untreated, sensitive, and reliable sensors should be developed for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In this study, a sensitive antibody-based electrochemical immunosensor was developed using antibody (Ab)-hierarchical mesoporous silica (HMS) bio-conjugates for label-free detection of low concentrations of S. aureus. First, a bio-template method based on butterfly wings was used to prepare the HMS. Then, the carrier material was amino-functionalized to cross-link the antibody with glutaraldehyde. The Ab-HMS bio-conjugates were then immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and the presence of S. aureus was detected by analyzing the changes in the peak currents after the antigen-antibody complex formation. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was performed with bacterial concentrations ranging from 10 to 2 × 103 colony forming units (CFU) mL-1. Selective tests were performed using Escherichia coli (E. coli), Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytohenes), and Salmonella, and the selective assays showed specific detection of S. aureus using the sensor. In addition, the immunosensor showed a good linear relationship between the peak current increase and logarithmic S. aureus concentration (R 2 = 0.9759) with a fast detection time (20 min) and detection limit of 11 CFU mL-1. When the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed under the same conditions, the results showed a good linear relationship between the impedance change value and the bacterial concentration (R 2 = 0.9720), the limit of detection (LOD) was 12 CFU mL-1. The performance of the sensor was compared with that of the colony counting method in the spiked milk sample test. The results showed no significant difference in the test results. Hence, this electrochemical immunosensor can be used to quickly detect S. aureus in actual food samples with a high sensitivity, specificity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130062 People's Republic of China +86-431-87836376 +86-431-87836376
| | - Yi Xiu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130062 People's Republic of China +86-431-87836376 +86-431-87836376
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130062 People's Republic of China +86-431-87836376 +86-431-87836376
| | - Liping Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130062 People's Republic of China +86-431-87836376 +86-431-87836376
| | - Libin Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130062 People's Republic of China +86-431-87836376 +86-431-87836376
| | - Honghao Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130062 People's Republic of China +86-431-87836376 +86-431-87836376
| | - Xiaodi Niu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130062 People's Republic of China +86-431-87836376 +86-431-87836376
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Kitschke P, Preda AM, Auer AA, Scholz S, Rüffer T, Lang H, Mehring M. Spirocyclic tin salicyl alcoholates - a combined experimental and theoretical study on their structures, 119Sn NMR chemical shifts and reactivity in thermally induced twin polymerization. Dalton Trans 2018; 48:220-230. [PMID: 30516218 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03695k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The spirocyclic tin salicyl alcoholate, 4H,4'H-2,2'-spirobi[benzo[d][1,3,2]dioxastannine] (1), and its 6,6'-dimethoxy (2) and 8,8'-di-tert-butyl-6,6'-dimethyl derivative (3) were synthesized and thermally induced twin polymerization of precursor 2 was performed to give a SnO2-containing hybrid material. Studies on the molecular structures of 1-3 were carried out using 119Sn{1H} CP MAS NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Crystallization of compound 3 from dimethyl sulfoxide solution provided the Lewis acid-base adduct 3(dmso)2 exhibiting a hexacoordinated tin atom in the solid state, in agreement with the results of the spectroscopic and DFT calculation data. 119Sn NMR spectroscopy of the compounds 1-3 and 3(dmso)2 revealed equilibria among the diverse oligomers in solution phase pointing at hexacoordinated tin atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kitschke
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Koordinationschemie, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
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Li G, Su Y, Li YY, Li YX, Guo Z, Huang XJ, Liu JH. Size-tunable Ag nanoparticles sensitized porous ZnO nanobelts: controllably partial cation-exchange synthesis and selective sensing toward acetic acid. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:445501. [PMID: 30109994 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aada6e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Porous ZnO nanobelts sensitized with Ag nanoparticles have been prepared via a partial cation-exchange reaction assisted by a thermal oxidation treatment, employing ZnSe·0.5N2H4 nanobelts as precursors. After partially exchanged with Ag+ cations, the belt-like morphology of the precursors is still preserved. Continuously calcined in air, they are in situ transformed into Ag nanoparticles sensitized porous ZnO nanobelts. The size of the Ag nanoparticles can be tuned through manipulating the amount of exchanging Ag+ cations. Considering the porous and belt-like nanostructure, sensing characteristics of ZnO and the catalytic activity of Ag nanoparticles, the gas sensing performances of the as-prepared Ag nanoparticles sensitized porous ZnO nanobelts have been carefully investigated. The results indicate that Ag nanoparticles significantly enhance the sensing performances of porous ZnO nanobelts toward typical volatile organic compounds. Especially, a good selectivity has been demonstrated toward acetic acid gas with a low detection limit less than 1 ppm. Furthermore, they also display a good reproducibility with a short response/recovery time due to the thin, uniform and porous sensing film, which is fabricated with the assembled technique and in situ calcined approach. Finally, their sensing mechanism has been further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China. Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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39
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Simonenko EP, Simonenko NP, Mokrushin AS, Vasiliev AA, Vlasov IS, Volkov IA, Maeder T, Sevastyanov VG, Kuznetsov NT. Tin Acetylacetonate as a Precursor for Producing Gas-Sensing SnO2 Thin Films. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023618070197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Xu S, Zhao H, Xu Y, Xu R, Lei Y. Carrier Mobility-Dominated Gas Sensing: A Room-Temperature Gas-Sensing Mode for SnO 2 Nanorod Array Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:13895-13902. [PMID: 29595250 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption-induced change of carrier density is presently dominating inorganic semiconductor gas sensing, which is usually operated at a high temperature. Besides carrier density, other carrier characteristics might also play a critical role in gas sensing. Here, we show that carrier mobility can be an efficient parameter to dominate gas sensing, by which room-temperature gas sensing of inorganic semiconductors is realized via a carrier mobility-dominated gas-sensing (CMDGS) mode. To demonstrate CMDGS, we design and prepare a gas sensor based on a regular array of SnO2 nanorods on a bottom film. It is found that the key for determining the gas-sensing mode is adjusting the length of the arrayed nanorods. With the change in the nanorod length from 340 to 40 nm, the gas-sensing behavior changes from the conventional carrier-density mode to a complete carrier-mobility mode. Moreover, compared to the carrier density-dominating gas sensing, the proposed CMDGS mode enhances the sensor sensitivity. CMDGS proves to be an emerging gas-sensing mode for designing inorganic semiconductor gas sensors with high performances at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipu Xu
- Institute für Physik & IMN MacroNano (ZIK) , Technische Universität Ilmenau , Ilmenau 98693 , Germany
| | - Huaping Zhao
- Institute für Physik & IMN MacroNano (ZIK) , Technische Universität Ilmenau , Ilmenau 98693 , Germany
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute für Physik & IMN MacroNano (ZIK) , Technische Universität Ilmenau , Ilmenau 98693 , Germany
| | - Rui Xu
- Institute für Physik & IMN MacroNano (ZIK) , Technische Universität Ilmenau , Ilmenau 98693 , Germany
| | - Yong Lei
- Institute für Physik & IMN MacroNano (ZIK) , Technische Universität Ilmenau , Ilmenau 98693 , Germany
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Xu X, Du Z, Wang Y, Mao X, Jiang L, Yang J, Hou S. Electrochemical properties of a 2D-molybdenum disulfide–modified electrode and its application in SO2 detection. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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42
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Lee SH, Galstyan V, Ponzoni A, Gonzalo-Juan I, Riedel R, Dourges MA, Nicolas Y, Toupance T. Finely Tuned SnO 2 Nanoparticles for Efficient Detection of Reducing and Oxidizing Gases: The Influence of Alkali Metal Cation on Gas-Sensing Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:10173-10184. [PMID: 29504743 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles were straightforwardly synthesized using an easily scaled-up liquid route that involves the hydrothermal treatment, either under acidic or basic conditions, of a commercial tin dioxide particle suspension including potassium counterions. After further thermal post-treatment, the nanomaterials have been thoroughly characterized by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and nitrogen sorption porosimetry. Varying pH conditions and temperature of the thermal treatment provided cassiterite SnO2 nanoparticles with crystallite sizes ranging from 7.3 to 9.7 nm and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas ranging from 61 to 106 m2·g-1, acidic conditions favoring potassium cation removal. Upon exposure to a reducing gas (H2, CO, and volatile organic compounds such as ethanol and acetone) or oxidizing gas (NO2), layers of these SnO2 nanoparticles led to highly sensitive, reversible, and reproducible responses. The sensing results were discussed in regard to the crystallite size, specific area, valence band energy, Debye length, and chemical composition. Results highlight the impact of the counterion residuals, which affect the gas-sensing performance to an extent much higher than that of size and surface area effects. Tin dioxide nanoparticles prepared under acidic conditions and calcined in air showed the best sensing performances because of lower amount of potassium cations and higher crystallinity, despite the lower surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Hsuan Lee
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires , Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5255 CNRS , Talence 33405 , France
- Fachbereich Material- und Geowissenshaften , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Darmstadt D-64287 , Germany
| | - Vardan Galstyan
- Department of information Engineering , University of Brescia, SENSOR Laboratory , Brescia 25133 , Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), National Institute of Optics (INO) - Unit of Brescia , Brescia 25123 , Italy
| | - Andrea Ponzoni
- Department of information Engineering , University of Brescia, SENSOR Laboratory , Brescia 25133 , Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), National Institute of Optics (INO) - Unit of Brescia , Brescia 25123 , Italy
| | - Isabel Gonzalo-Juan
- Fachbereich Material- und Geowissenshaften , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Darmstadt D-64287 , Germany
| | - Ralf Riedel
- Fachbereich Material- und Geowissenshaften , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Darmstadt D-64287 , Germany
| | - Marie-Anne Dourges
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires , Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5255 CNRS , Talence 33405 , France
| | - Yohann Nicolas
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires , Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5255 CNRS , Talence 33405 , France
| | - Thierry Toupance
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires , Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5255 CNRS , Talence 33405 , France
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Quy CT, Thai NX, Hoa ND, Thanh Le DT, Hung CM, Van Duy N, Van Hieu N. C2H5OH and NO2 sensing properties of ZnO nanostructures: correlation between crystal size, defect level and sensing performance. RSC Adv 2018; 8:5629-5639. [PMID: 35542445 PMCID: PMC9078170 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13702h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ZnO nanostructures were synthesized for ethanol and nitrogen dioxide gas-sensing applications. Results pointed out that the defect levels dominating the gas-sensing performance but not the morphology, specific surface area or crystal size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Thi Quy
- International Training Institute for Materials Science (ITIMS)
- Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Hanoi
- Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Thai
- International Training Institute for Materials Science (ITIMS)
- Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Hanoi
- Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Duc Hoa
- International Training Institute for Materials Science (ITIMS)
- Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Hanoi
- Vietnam
| | - Dang Thi Thanh Le
- International Training Institute for Materials Science (ITIMS)
- Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Hanoi
- Vietnam
| | - Chu Manh Hung
- International Training Institute for Materials Science (ITIMS)
- Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Hanoi
- Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Duy
- International Training Institute for Materials Science (ITIMS)
- Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Hanoi
- Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Hieu
- International Training Institute for Materials Science (ITIMS)
- Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Hanoi
- Vietnam
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Sadeghzadeh-Attar A, Bafandeh MR. The effect of annealing temperature on the structure and optical properties of well-aligned 1D SnO2nanowires synthesized using template-assisted deposition. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01815k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the observations on the structural characterization and optical properties of SnO2nanowires post-treated under different annealing temperatures (300, 400, 500 & 600 °C) for 1 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Sadeghzadeh-Attar
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering
- University of Kashan
- Kashan
- Iran
| | - M. R. Bafandeh
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering
- University of Kashan
- Kashan
- Iran
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