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Araki T, Li K, Suzuki D, Abe T, Kawabata R, Uemura T, Izumi S, Tsuruta S, Terasaki N, Kawano Y, Sekitani T. Broadband Photodetectors and Imagers in Stretchable Electronics Packaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304048. [PMID: 37403808 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The integration of flexible electronics with optics can help realize a powerful tool that facilitates the creation of a smart society wherein internal evaluations can be easily performed nondestructively from the surface of various objects that is used or encountered in daily lives. Here, organic-material-based stretchable optical sensors and imagers that possess both bending capability and rubber-like elasticity are reviewed. The latest trends in nondestructive evaluation equipment that enable simple on-site evaluations of health conditions and abnormalities are discussed without subjecting the targeted living bodies and various objects to mechanical stress. Real-time performance under real-life conditions is becoming increasingly important for creating smart societies interwoven with optical technologies. In particular, the terahertz (THz)-wave region offers a substance- and state-specific fingerprint spectrum that enables instantaneous analyses. However, to make THz sensors accessible, the following issues must be addressed: broadband and high-sensitivity at room temperature, stretchability to follow the surface movements of targets, and digital transformation compatibility. The materials, electronics packaging, and remote imaging systems used to overcome these issues are discussed in detail. Ultimately, stretchable optical sensors and imagers with highly sensitive and broadband THz sensors can facilitate the multifaceted on-site evaluation of solids, liquids, and gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Araki
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kou Li
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Suzuki
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 807-1, Shuku-machi, Tosu, 841-0052, Saga, Japan
| | - Takaaki Abe
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rei Kawabata
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Uemura
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Izumi
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, 657-8501, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsuruta
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nao Terasaki
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 807-1, Shuku-machi, Tosu, 841-0052, Saga, Japan
| | - Yukio Kawano
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
- National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, 101-8430, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekitani
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Chu L, Xu C, Li Z, Nie C. High-performance self-powered ultraviolet photodetector based on a ZnO/CuPc inorganic/organic heterojunction. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13361-13366. [PMID: 38689826 PMCID: PMC11058701 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01773k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A self-powered photodetector (PD) based on n-type ZnO/p-type small-molecule copper(ii) phthalocyanine (CuPc) inorganic/organic heterojunction film deposited on FTO substrate was constructed by simple solution spin-coating and thermal evaporation technology. The designed heterojunction device exhibits typical photoresponse behavior under zero bias, indicating that the device possesses a self-powered characteristic. This may benefit from the formation of a built-in electric field in the heterojunction, which can effectively separate electron-hole pairs. Specifically, the optimal performances of the device appear at a wavelength of 365 nm and light intensity of 0.03 mW cm-2, achieving on/off ratio of ∼245.88 (29.88), responsivity (Rp) of ∼227.11 mA W-1 (0.39 mA W-1), detectivity (D*) of ∼7.63 × 1011 Jones (∼7.53 × 109 Jones) and EQE of ∼77.23% (0.14%) at +2 V (0 V) bias voltage. In addition, the device has potential application in weak light detection. Therefore, the construction of inorganic/organic heterojunctions may provide a feasible strategy for the development of high-performance, self-powered and wavelength-selective PDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Chu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University Hefei 230601 China
| | - Chao Xu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University Hefei 230601 China
| | - Zhengping Li
- School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University Hefei 230601 China
| | - Chao Nie
- School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University Hefei 230601 China
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3
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Chen J, Kuang H, Wang Y, Liu X, Peng L, Lin J. Design and optimization of a multidirectional photodetector in optoelectronic integration. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:997-1000. [PMID: 38359245 DOI: 10.1364/ol.514161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
We have introduced and demonstrated a three-dimensional, multidirectional photodetector (PD) made of germanium for optoelectronic integration (OEI) systems. Building upon the fundamental physical principles of PDs, we focused on the design aspects of structure, dimensions, and doping. This led to the development of an integrated chip-level PD capable of discerning light from four different directions. Simulation verification confirmed that the key performance parameters of the four equivalent PDs meet the specified requirements. Importantly, we have identified the device's ability and strategy to evaluate light signals from different directions, as well as the impact of fluctuations in light intensity on the accuracy of the judgments. In-depth investigations into the effects of external bias, doping concentration, and doping region have been conducted to further optimize parameters, enhancing the performance of the proposed device. Overall, the current work will help improve the efficiency of PD and enhance the integration of future OEI chips.
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4
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Chang S, Koo JH, Yoo J, Kim MS, Choi MK, Kim DH, Song YM. Flexible and Stretchable Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodetectors for Human-Centric Optoelectronics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:768-859. [PMID: 38241488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices with unconventional form factors, such as flexible and stretchable light-emitting or photoresponsive devices, are core elements for the next-generation human-centric optoelectronics. For instance, these deformable devices can be utilized as closely fitted wearable sensors to acquire precise biosignals that are subsequently uploaded to the cloud for immediate examination and diagnosis, and also can be used for vision systems for human-interactive robotics. Their inception was propelled by breakthroughs in novel optoelectronic material technologies and device blueprinting methodologies, endowing flexibility and mechanical resilience to conventional rigid optoelectronic devices. This paper reviews the advancements in such soft optoelectronic device technologies, honing in on various materials, manufacturing techniques, and device design strategies. We will first highlight the general approaches for flexible and stretchable device fabrication, including the appropriate material selection for the substrate, electrodes, and insulation layers. We will then focus on the materials for flexible and stretchable light-emitting diodes, their device integration strategies, and representative application examples. Next, we will move on to the materials for flexible and stretchable photodetectors, highlighting the state-of-the-art materials and device fabrication methods, followed by their representative application examples. At the end, a brief summary will be given, and the potential challenges for further development of functional devices will be discussed as a conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehui Chang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Semiconductor and System IC, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SNU, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, SNU, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Graduate School, GIST, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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5
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Kumar N, Nguyen TT, Lee J, Patel M, Bhatnagar P, Lee K, Kim J. Van Der Waals Semiconductor Based Omnidirectional Bifacial Transparent Photovoltaic for Visual-Speech Photocommunication. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306408. [PMID: 38083978 PMCID: PMC10870018 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Omnidirectional photosensing is crucial in optoelectronic devices, enabling a wide field of view (wFoV) and leveraging potential applications for the Internet of Things in sensors, light fidelity, and photocommunication. The wFoV helps overcome the limitations of line-of-sight communication, and transparent photodetection becomes highly desirable as it enables the capture of optical information from various angles. Therefore, developing a photoelectric device with a 360° wFoV, ultra sensitivity to photons, power generation, and transparency is of utmost importance. This study utilizes a heterojunction of van der Waals SnS with Ga2 O3 to fabricate a transparent photovoltaic (TPV) device showing a 360° wFoV with bifacial onsite power production. SnS/Ga2 O3 heterojunction preparation consists of magnetron sputtering and is free from nanopatterning/nanostructuring to achieve the desired wFoV window device. The device exhibits a high average visible transmittance of 56%, generates identical power from bifacial illumination, and broadband fast photoresponse. Careful analysis of the device shows an ultra-sensitive photoinduced defect-modulated heterojunction and photocapacitance, revealed by the impedance spectroscopy, suggesting photon-flux driven charge diffusion. Leveraging the wFoV operation, the TPV embedded visual and speech photocommunication prototype demonstrated, aiming to help visually and auditory impaired individuals, promising an environmental-friendly sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Photoelectric and Energy Device Application Lab (PEDAL) and Multidisciplinary Core Institute for Future Energies (MCIFE)Department of Electrical EngineeringIncheon National UniversityIncheon22012Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Tai Nguyen
- Photoelectric and Energy Device Application Lab (PEDAL) and Multidisciplinary Core Institute for Future Energies (MCIFE)Department of Electrical EngineeringIncheon National UniversityIncheon22012Republic of Korea
| | - Junsik Lee
- Photoelectric and Energy Device Application Lab (PEDAL) and Multidisciplinary Core Institute for Future Energies (MCIFE)Department of Electrical EngineeringIncheon National UniversityIncheon22012Republic of Korea
| | - Malkeshkumar Patel
- Photoelectric and Energy Device Application Lab (PEDAL) and Multidisciplinary Core Institute for Future Energies (MCIFE)Department of Electrical EngineeringIncheon National UniversityIncheon22012Republic of Korea
| | - Priyanka Bhatnagar
- Photoelectric and Energy Device Application Lab (PEDAL) and Multidisciplinary Core Institute for Future Energies (MCIFE)Department of Electrical EngineeringIncheon National UniversityIncheon22012Republic of Korea
| | - Kibum Lee
- Solarlight Ltd.119 Academy Rd. YeonsuIncheon22012Republic of Korea
| | - Joondong Kim
- Photoelectric and Energy Device Application Lab (PEDAL) and Multidisciplinary Core Institute for Future Energies (MCIFE)Department of Electrical EngineeringIncheon National UniversityIncheon22012Republic of Korea
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6
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Xu X, Zhao Y, Liu Y. Wearable Electronics Based on Stretchable Organic Semiconductors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206309. [PMID: 36794301 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics are attracting increasing interest due to the emerging Internet of Things (IoT). Compared to their inorganic counterparts, stretchable organic semiconductors (SOSs) are promising candidates for wearable electronics due to their excellent properties, including light weight, stretchability, dissolubility, compatibility with flexible substrates, easy tuning of electrical properties, low cost, and low temperature solution processability for large-area printing. Considerable efforts have been dedicated to the fabrication of SOS-based wearable electronics and their potential applications in various areas, including chemical sensors, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photodiodes (OPDs), and organic photovoltaics (OPVs), have been demonstrated. In this review, some recent advances of SOS-based wearable electronics based on the classification by device functionality and potential applications are presented. In addition, a conclusion and potential challenges for further development of SOS-based wearable electronics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhao Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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7
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Bai X, Gao W, Cai Y, Bai Z, Qi Y, Yan B, Wang Y, Lu Z, Ding J. Advanced Stretchable Photodetectors: Strategies, Materials and Devices. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203022. [PMID: 36367372 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Past decades have witnessed the generation of new stretchable photodetectors in electronic eyes, health sensing, wearable devices, intelligent monitoring and other fields. Stretchable devices require not only outstanding performance but also excellent flexibility, adaptability and stability. Innovative strategies have been proposed to realize the stretchability of devices. In addition, novel functional materials including zero-dimensional nanomaterials, one-dimensional inorganic nanomaterials, two-dimensional layered materials, organic materials, and organic-inorganic composite materials with excellent properties are emerging to continuously improve the performance of devices. Here, the recent research progress of stretchable photodetectors in terms of both various design methods and functional materials is outlined. The optical performance and stretchable properties are also comprehensively reviewed. Finally, a summary and the challenges associated with the application of stretchable photodetectors are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Bai
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Wanxiao Gao
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Cai
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxu Bai
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,MQ Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yaoyao Qi
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Bingzheng Yan
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Yulei Wang
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Lu
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ding
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
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8
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Schwanninger R, Koepfli SM, Yarema O, Dorodnyy A, Yarema M, Moser A, Nashashibi S, Fedoryshyn Y, Wood V, Leuthold J. Highly Responsive Mid-Infrared Metamaterial Enhanced Heterostructure Photodetector Formed out of Sintered PbSe/PbS Colloidal Quantum Dots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10847-10857. [PMID: 36795914 PMCID: PMC9982815 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and simple-to-fabricate light detectors in the mid infrared (MIR) spectral range are of great importance for various applications in existing and emerging technologies. Here, we demonstrate compact and efficient photodetectors operating at room temperature in a wavelength range of 2710-4250 nm with responsivities as high as 375 and 4 A/W. Key to the high performance is the combination of a sintered colloidal quantum dot (CQD) lead selenide (PbSe) and lead sulfide (PbS) heterojunction photoconductor with a metallic metasurface perfect absorber. The combination of this photoconductor stack with the metallic metasurface perfect absorber provides an overall ∼20-fold increase of the responsivity compared against reference sintered PbSe photoconductors. More precisely, the introduction of a PbSe/PbS heterojunction increases the responsivity by a factor of ∼2 and the metallic metasurface enhances the responsivity by an order of magnitude. The metasurface not only enhances the light-matter interaction but also acts as an electrode to the detector. Furthermore, fabrication of our devices relies on simple and inexpensive methods. This is in contrast to most of the currently available (state-of-the-art) MIR photodetectors that rely on rather expensive as well as nontrivial fabrication technologies that often require cooling for efficient operation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan M. Koepfli
- Institute
of Electromagnetic Fields, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olesya Yarema
- Institute
for Electronics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Dorodnyy
- Institute
of Electromagnetic Fields, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maksym Yarema
- Institute
for Electronics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annina Moser
- Institute
for Electronics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shadi Nashashibi
- Institute
of Electromagnetic Fields, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuriy Fedoryshyn
- Institute
of Electromagnetic Fields, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Wood
- Institute
for Electronics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juerg Leuthold
- Institute
of Electromagnetic Fields, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Shin J, Yoo H. Photogating Effect-Driven Photodetectors and Their Emerging Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:882. [PMID: 36903759 PMCID: PMC10005329 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rather than generating a photocurrent through photo-excited carriers by the photoelectric effect, the photogating effect enables us to detect sub-bandgap rays. The photogating effect is caused by trapped photo-induced charges that modulate the potential energy of the semiconductor/dielectric interface, where these trapped charges contribute an additional electrical gating-field, resulting in a shift in the threshold voltage. This approach clearly separates the drain current in dark versus bright exposures. In this review, we discuss the photogating effect-driven photodetectors with respect to emerging optoelectrical materials, device structures, and mechanisms. Representative examples that reported the photogating effect-based sub-bandgap photodetection are revisited. Furthermore, emerging applications using these photogating effects are highlighted. The potential and challenging aspects of next-generation photodetector devices are presented with an emphasis on the photogating effect.
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10
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Li K, Araki T, Utaki R, Tokumoto Y, Sun M, Yasui S, Kurihira N, Kasai Y, Suzuki D, Marteijn R, den Toonder JM, Sekitani T, Kawano Y. Stretchable broadband photo-sensor sheets for nonsampling, source-free, and label-free chemical monitoring by simple deformable wrapping. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm4349. [PMID: 35544563 PMCID: PMC9094654 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm4349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemical monitoring communicates diverse environmental information from industrial and biological processes. However, promising and sustainable systems and associated inspection devices that dynamically enable on-site quality monitoring of target chemicals confined inside transformable and opaque channels are yet to be investigated. This paper designs stretchable photo-sensor patch sheets for nonsampling, source-free, and label-free on-site dynamic chemical monitoring of liquids flowing inside soft tubes via simple deformable surface wrapping. The device integrates carbon nanotube-based broadband photo-absorbent thin films with multilayer-laminated stretchable electrodes and substrates. The patterned rigid-soft structure of the proposed device provides durability and optical stability against mechanical deformations with a stretchability range of 70 to 280%, enabling shape-conformable attachments to transformable objects. The effective use of omnidirectional and transparent blackbody radiation from free-form targets themselves allows compact measurement configuration and enhances the functionality and simplicity of this scheme, while the presenting technology monitors concentrations of arbitrary water-soluble chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou Li
- Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Teppei Araki
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Ryogo Utaki
- Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yu Tokumoto
- Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Meiling Sun
- Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Satsuki Yasui
- Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Naoko Kurihira
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yuko Kasai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Daichi Suzuki
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, 807-1 Shuku-machi, Tosu-shi, Saga 841-0052, Japan
| | - Ruben Marteijn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, Netherlands
| | - Jaap M.J. den Toonder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, Netherlands
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekitani
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yukio Kawano
- Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
- National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
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11
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Trung TQ, Dang VQ, Lee NE. A stretchable ultraviolet-to-NIR broad spectral photodetector using organic-inorganic vertical multiheterojunctions. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5102-5111. [PMID: 35297929 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00377e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable broadband photodetectors (PDs) are attractive for applications in wearable optoelectronics and personal healthcare. However, the development of stretchable broadband PDs is limited by difficulties in obtaining materials, designing device structures, and finding reliable fabrication processes. Here, we report stretchable broadband PDs by forming organic-inorganic vertical multiheterojunctions on a three-dimensionally micro-patterned stretchable substrate (3D-MPSS). The stress-adaptable 3D-MPSS structure allows all layers of the PD coated on it to sustain tensile strains. Generation of photovoltage in the vertical hybrid structure of PbS quantum dots/ZnO nanorods as a photo-responsive material on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) as a transport channel is considred to be the mechanism of the device response to UV-Vis-NIR. The fabricated PDs present responsivity to UV (365 nm), Vis (565 nm and 660 nm), and NIR (880 nm and 970 nm) light, as well as reliable electrical performance under applied stretching up to 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Quang Trung
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Vinh Quang Dang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Nae-Eung Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do16419, Republic of Korea.
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do16419, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do16419, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
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12
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Pham PV, Bodepudi SC, Shehzad K, Liu Y, Xu Y, Yu B, Duan X. 2D Heterostructures for Ubiquitous Electronics and Optoelectronics: Principles, Opportunities, and Challenges. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6514-6613. [PMID: 35133801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A grand family of two-dimensional (2D) materials and their heterostructures have been discovered through the extensive experimental and theoretical efforts of chemists, material scientists, physicists, and technologists. These pioneering works contribute to realizing the fundamental platforms to explore and analyze new physical/chemical properties and technological phenomena at the micro-nano-pico scales. Engineering 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials and their heterostructures via chemical and physical methods with a suitable choice of stacking order, thickness, and interlayer interactions enable exotic carrier dynamics, showing potential in high-frequency electronics, broadband optoelectronics, low-power neuromorphic computing, and ubiquitous electronics. This comprehensive review addresses recent advances in terms of representative 2D materials, the general fabrication methods, and characterization techniques and the vital role of the physical parameters affecting the quality of 2D heterostructures. The main emphasis is on 2D heterostructures and 3D-bulk (3D) hybrid systems exhibiting intrinsic quantum mechanical responses in the optical, valley, and topological states. Finally, we discuss the universality of 2D heterostructures with representative applications and trends for future electronics and optoelectronics (FEO) under the challenges and opportunities from physical, nanotechnological, and material synthesis perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong V Pham
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Srikrishna Chanakya Bodepudi
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Khurram Shehzad
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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13
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Nguyen XH, Luong HN, Pham HA, Nguyen NM, Dang VQ. Visible photodetector based on transition metal-doped ZnO NRs/PEDOT:PSS hybrid materials. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36340-36347. [PMID: 35492744 PMCID: PMC9043369 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06315d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A hybrid Cu-doped ZnO nanorods (ZnO:Cu NRs)/poly(3,4 ethylene dioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)-based photodetector was fabricated using a simple hydrothermal method with pre-patterned silver electrodes. In the hybrid structure, PEDOT:PSS with high mobility acts as a carrier transport layer, while ZnO:Cu NRs with high visible absorption works as an “antenna” material to generate electron–hole pairs under light illumination. As a result, the devices exhibits a high response in visible light at a wavelength of 395 nm. The responsivity and photoconductive gain of the hybrid photodetector reached 0.33 A W−1 and 1.306, respectively, which is 1.36 times higher than those of Cu-doped ZnO NRs-based ones. The response and recovery times are improved, with values of 25.21 s and 42.01 s, respectively. The development of hybrid materials for visible photodetectors enables an innovative approach for future optoelectronic devices, especially optical sensors. This study reports the fabrication of a hybrid photodetector based on Cu-doped ZnO NRs/PEDOT:PSS, which improves the device's performance and applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Hao Nguyen
- Thu Dau Mot University Phu Hoa Ward Thu Dau Mot City Binh Duong Province Vietnam
| | - Hoai Nhan Luong
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science Ward 4, District 5 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam .,Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM) Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Hoang Anh Pham
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science Ward 4, District 5 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam .,Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM) Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Nhat Minh Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science Ward 4, District 5 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam .,Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM) Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Vinh Quang Dang
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science Ward 4, District 5 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam .,Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM) Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam.,Center for Innovative Materials and Architectures (INOMAR) Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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14
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Han S, Noh S, Kim JW, Lee CR, Lee SK, Kim JS. Stretchable Inorganic GaN-Nanowire Photosensor with High Photocurrent and Photoresponsivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:22728-22737. [PMID: 33969979 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To effectively implement wearable systems, their constituent components should be made stretchable. We successfully fabricated highly efficient stretchable photosensors made of inorganic GaN nanowires (NWs) as light-absorbing media and graphene as a carrier channel on polyurethane substrates using the pre-strain method. When a GaN-NW photosensor was stretched at a strain level of 50%, the photocurrent was measured to be 0.91 mA, corresponding to 87.5% of that (1.04 mA) obtained in the released state, and the photoresponsivity was calculated to be 11.38 A/W. These photosensors showed photocurrent and photoresponsivity levels much higher than those previously reported for any stretchable semiconductor-containing photosensor. To explain the superior performances of the stretchable GaN-NW photosensor, it was approximated as an equivalent circuit with resistances and capacitances, and in this way, we analyzed the behavior of the photogenerated carriers, particularly at the NW-graphene interface. In addition, the buckling phenomenon typically observed in organic-based stretchable devices fabricated using the pre-strain method was not observed in our photosensors. After a 1000-cycle stretching test with a strain level of 50%, the photocurrent and photoresponsivity of the GaN-NW photosensor were measured to be 0.96 mA and 11.96 A/W, respectively, comparable to those measured before the stretching test. To evaluate the potential of our stretchable devices in practical applications, the GaN-NW photosensors were attached to the proximal interphalangeal joint of the index finger and to the back of the wrist. Photocurrents of these photosensors were monitored during movements made about these joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmoon Han
- Department of Electronic and Information Materials Engineering, Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, and Research Center of Advanced Materials Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Siyun Noh
- Department of Electronic and Information Materials Engineering, Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, and Research Center of Advanced Materials Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Jong-Woong Kim
- Department of Electronic and Information Materials Engineering, Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, and Research Center of Advanced Materials Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Cheul-Ro Lee
- Department of Electronic and Information Materials Engineering, Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, and Research Center of Advanced Materials Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Seoung-Ki Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- Department of Electronic and Information Materials Engineering, Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, and Research Center of Advanced Materials Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
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15
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Sun J, Li Y, Liu G, Chen S, Zhang Y, Chen C, Chu F, Song Y. Fabricating High-Resolution Metal Pattern with Inkjet Printed Water-Soluble Sacrificial Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:22108-22114. [PMID: 32320207 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The metal pattern plays a crucial role in various optoelectronic devices. However, fabrication of high-resolution metal patterns has serious problems including complicated techniques and high cost. Herein, an inkjet printed water-soluble sacrificial layer was proposed to fabricate a high-resolution metal pattern. The water-soluble sacrificial layer was inkjet printed on a polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) surface, and then the printed surface was deposited with a metal layer by evaporating deposition. When the deposited surface was rinsed by water, the metal layer deposited on the water-soluble sacrificial layer could be removed. Various high-resolution metal patterns were prepared, which could be used in electroluminescent displays, strain sensors, and 3D switches. This facile method could be a promising approach for fabricating high-resolution metal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Pulp, Paper, Printing & Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Green Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guangping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Pulp, Paper, Printing & Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Green Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Shuoran Chen
- Research Centre for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Pulp, Paper, Printing & Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Green Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Pulp, Paper, Printing & Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Green Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Fuqiang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Pulp, Paper, Printing & Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Green Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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16
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Xu K, Zhou R, Takei K, Hong M. Toward Flexible Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Sensors for Point-of-Care Diagnostics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900925. [PMID: 31453071 PMCID: PMC6702763 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy provides a noninvasive and highly sensitive route for fingerprint and label-free detection of a wide range of molecules. Recently, flexible SERS has attracted increasingly tremendous research interest due to its unique advantages compared to rigid substrate-based SERS. Here, the latest advances in flexible substrate-based SERS diagnostic devices are investigated in-depth. First, the intriguing prospect of point-of-care diagnostics is briefly described, followed by an introduction to the cutting-edge SERS technique. Then, the focus is moved from conventional rigid substrate-based SERS to the emerging flexible SERS technique. The main part of this report highlights the recent three categories of flexible SERS substrates, including actively tunable SERS, swab-sampling strategy, and the in situ SERS detection approach. Furthermore, other promising means of flexible SERS are also introduced. The flexible SERS substrates with low-cost, batch-fabrication, and easy-to-operate characteristics can be integrated into portable Raman spectroscopes for point-of-care diagnostics, which are conceivable to penetrate global markets and households as next-generation wearable sensors in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichen Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117576Singapore
- Department of Physics and ElectronicsOsaka Prefecture University SakaiOsaka599‐8531Japan
| | - Rui Zhou
- School of Aerospace EngineeringXiamen University422 Siming South Road, Siming DistrictXiamenFujian361005P. R. China
| | - Kuniharu Takei
- Department of Physics and ElectronicsOsaka Prefecture University SakaiOsaka599‐8531Japan
| | - Minghui Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117576Singapore
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17
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Cai S, Xu X, Yang W, Chen J, Fang X. Materials and Designs for Wearable Photodetectors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1808138. [PMID: 30785644 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Photodetectors (PDs), as an indispensable component in electronics, are highly desired to be flexible to meet the trend of next-generation wearable electronics. Unfortunately, no in-depth reviews on the design strategies, material exploration, and potential applications of wearable photodetectors are found in literature to date. Thus, this progress report first summarizes the fundamental design principles of turning "hard" photodetectors "soft," including 2D (polymer and paper substrate-based devices) and 1D PDs (fiber shaped devices). In short, the flexibility of PDs is realized through elaborate substrate modification, material selection, and device layout. More importantly, this report presents the current progress and specific requirements for wearable PDs according to the application: monitoring, imaging, and optical communication. Challenges and future research directions in these fields are proposed at the end. The purpose of this progress report is not only to shed light on the basic design principles of wearable PDs, but also serve as the roadmap for future exploration in wearable PDs in various applications, including health monitoring and Internet of Things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Cai
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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18
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Trung TQ, Dang TML, Ramasundaram S, Toi PT, Park SY, Lee NE. A Stretchable Strain-Insensitive Temperature Sensor Based on Free-Standing Elastomeric Composite Fibers for On-Body Monitoring of Skin Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:2317-2327. [PMID: 30571084 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To realize the potential applications of stretchable sensors in the field of wearable health monitoring, it is essential to develop a stable sensing device with robust electrical and mechanical properties in the present of varying external conditions. Herein, we demonstrate a stretchable temperature sensor with the elimination of strain-induced interference via geometric engineering of the free-standing stretchable fibers (FSSFs) of reduced graphene oxide/polyurethane composite. The FSSFs were formed in serpentine structures and enabled the implementation of a strain-insensitive stretchable temperature sensor. On the basis of the controlled reduction time of graphene oxide, we can modulate the response and thermal index of the device. These results are attributed to the variation in the density of oxygen-containing functional groups in the FSSFs, which affect the hopping charge transport and thermal generation of excess carriers. The FSSF temperature sensor yields increased responsivity (0.8%/°C), stretchability (90%), sensing resolution (0.1 °C), and stability in response to applied stretching (±0.37 °C for strains ranging from 0 to 50%). When the sensor is sewn onto a stretchable bandage and attached to the human body, it can detect the temperature changes of the human skin during different body motions in a continuous and stable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thi My Linh Dang
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology , Seoul National University , Suwon , Kyunggi-do 16229 , Korea
| | | | | | - Sang Yoon Park
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology , Seoul National University , Suwon , Kyunggi-do 16229 , Korea
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19
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Sun J, Yun C, Cui B, Li P, Liu G, Wang X, Chu F. A Facile Approach for Fabricating Microstructured Surface Based on Etched Template by Inkjet Printing Technology. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1209. [PMID: 30961134 PMCID: PMC6290637 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Microstructures are playing an important role in manufacturing functional devices, due to their unique properties, such as wettability or flexibility. Recently, various microstructured surfaces have been fabricated to realize functional applications. To achieve the applications, photolithography or printing technology is utilized to produce the microstructures. However, these methods require preparing templates or masks, which are usually complex and expensive. Herein, a facile approach for fabricating microstructured surfaces was studied based on etched template by inkjet printing technology. Precured polydimethylsiloxane substrate was etched by inkjet printing water-soluble polyacrylic acid solution. Then, the polydimethylsiloxane substrate was cured and rinsed, which could be directly used as template for fabricating microstructured surfaces. Surfaces with raised dots, lines, and squares, were facilely obtained using the etched templates by inkjet printing technology. Furthermore, controllable anisotropic wettability was exhibited on the raised line microstructured surface. This work provides a flexible and scalable way to fabricate various microstructured surfaces. It would bring about excellent performance, which could find numerous applications in optoelectronic devices, biological chips, microreactors, wearable products, and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pulp, Paper, Printing & Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology of Shandong Province, School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Chenghu Yun
- Key Laboratory of Pulp, Paper, Printing & Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology of Shandong Province, School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Bo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Pulp, Paper, Printing & Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology of Shandong Province, School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Pingping Li
- Key Laboratory of Pulp, Paper, Printing & Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology of Shandong Province, School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Guangping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pulp, Paper, Printing & Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology of Shandong Province, School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pulp, Paper, Printing & Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology of Shandong Province, School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Fuqiang Chu
- Key Laboratory of Pulp, Paper, Printing & Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology of Shandong Province, School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
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20
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Hanif A, Trung TQ, Siddiqui S, Toi PT, Lee NE. Stretchable, Transparent, Tough, Ultrathin, and Self-limiting Skin-like Substrate for Stretchable Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:27297-27307. [PMID: 30040378 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Human skin is highly stretchable at low strain but becomes self-limiting when deformed at large strain due to stiffening caused by alignment of a network of stiff collagen nanofibers inside the tissue beneath the epidermis. To imitate this mechanical behavior and the sensory function of human skin, we fabricated a skin-like substrate with highly stretchable, transparent, tough, ultrathin, mechanosensory, and self-limiting properties by incorporating piezoelectric crystalline poly((vinylidene fluoride)- co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) nanofibers with a high modulus into the low modulus matrix of elastomeric poly(dimethylsiloxane). Randomly distributed P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers in the elastomer matrix conferred a self-limiting property to the skin-like substrate so that it can easily stretch at low strain but swiftly counteract rupturing in response to stretching. The stretchability, toughness, and Young's modulus of the ultrathin (∼62 μm) skin-like substrate with high optical transparency could be tuned by controlling the loading of nanofibers. Moreover, the ultrathin skin-like substrate with a stretchable temperature sensor fabricated on it demonstrated the ability to accommodate bodily motion-induced strain in the sensor while maintaining its mechanosensory and thermosensory functionalities.
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Ha M, Lim S, Ko H. Wearable and flexible sensors for user-interactive health-monitoring devices. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:4043-4064. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01063c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of flexible and wearable healthcare devices facilitates a real-time monitoring of body activities as well as detecting various biosignals, which provided useful information to manage one's health condition for personal health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Ha
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seongdong Lim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhyub Ko
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919
- Republic of Korea
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B. H, K. P. S, K. N. NU. Low temperature-processed ZnO thin films for p–n junction-based visible-blind ultraviolet photodetectors. RSC Adv 2018; 8:37365-37374. [PMID: 35557783 PMCID: PMC9089431 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07312k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Visible-blind ultraviolet photodetectors have been fabricated with a p–n junction based on ZnO and an organic hole transport layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna B.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- CSIR-NIIST Campus
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
- Photosciences and Photonics Section
| | - Surendran K. P.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- CSIR-NIIST Campus
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
- Functional Materials Section
| | - Narayanan Unni K. N.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- CSIR-NIIST Campus
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
- Photosciences and Photonics Section
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