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Roscigno G, Affinito A, Quintavalle C, Cillari R, Condorelli G, Cavallaro G, Mauro N. Ultrasmall Carbon Nanodots as Theranostic Nanoheaters for Precision Breast Cancer Phototherapy: Establishing the Translational Potential in Tumor-in-a-Dish Models. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 38916153 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the remarkable attributes of sulfur-doped carbon nanodots (CDs) synthesized in high yield and a narrow size distribution (4.8 nm). These CDs exhibit notable features, including potential bioelimination through renal clearance and efficient photothermal conversion in the near-infrared region with multicolor photoluminescence across the visible spectrum. Our research demonstrates high biocompatibility and effective near-infrared (NIR)-triggered photothermal toxicity when targeting mammospheres and patient-derived tumor organoids. Moreover, the study delves into the intricate cellular responses induced by CD-mediated hyperthermia. This involves efficient tumor mass death, activation of the p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and upregulation of genes associated with apoptosis, hypoxia, and autophagy. The interaction of CDs with mammospheres reveals their ability to penetrate the complex microenvironment, impeded at 4 °C, indicating an energy-dependent endocytosis mechanism. This observation underscores the CDs' potential for targeted drug delivery, particularly in anticancer therapeutics. This investigation contributes to understanding the multifunctional properties of sulfur-doped CDs and highlights their promising applications in cancer therapeutics. Utilizing 3-D tumor-in-a-dish patients' organoids enhances translational potential, providing a clinically relevant platform for assessing therapeutic efficacy in a context mirroring the physiological conditions of cancerous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Roscigno
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
- Department of Biology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Cinthia 21, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Alessandra Affinito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
- Institute Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore" (IEOS), CNR, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Cristina Quintavalle
- Institute Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore" (IEOS), CNR, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Roberta Cillari
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche" (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 32, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Gerolama Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Gennara Cavallaro
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche" (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 32, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Nicolò Mauro
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche" (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 32, Palermo 90123, Italy
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Qi J, Zhang P, Zhang T, Zhang R, Zhang Q, Wang J, Zong M, Gong Y, Liu X, Wu X, Li B. Metal-doped carbon dots for biomedical applications: From design to implementation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32133. [PMID: 38868052 PMCID: PMC11168406 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as a new kind of fluorescent nanomaterials, show great potential for application in several fields due to their unique nano-size effect, easy surface functionalization, controllable photoluminescence, and excellent biocompatibility. Conventional preparation methods for CDs typically involve top-down and bottom-up approaches. Doping is a major step forward in CDs design methodology. Chemical doping includes both non-metal and metal doping, in which non-metal doping is an effective strategy for modulating the fluorescence properties of CDs and improving photocatalytic performance in several areas. In recent years, Metal-doped CDs have aroused the interest of academics as a promising nano-doping technique. This approach has led to improvements in the physicochemical and optical properties of CDs by altering their electron density distribution and bandgap capacity. Additionally, the issues of metal toxicity and utilization have been addressed to a large extent. In this review, we categorize metals into two major groups: transition group metals and rare-earth group metals, and an overview of recent advances in biomedical applications of these two categories, respectively. Meanwhile, the prospects and the challenges of metal-doped CDs for biomedical applications are reviewed and concluded. The aim of this paper is to break through the existing deficiencies of metal-doped CDs and fully exploit their potential. I believe that this review will broaden the insight into the synthesis and biomedical applications of metal-doped CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qi
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Qingmei Zhang
- Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Jue Wang
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Mingrui Zong
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Yajuan Gong
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Xiuping Wu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
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Fan L, Jiang Z, Xiong Y, Xu Z, Yang X, Gu D, Ainiwaer M, Li L, Liu J, Chen F. Recent Advances in the HPPH-Based Third-Generation Photodynamic Agents in Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17404. [PMID: 38139233 PMCID: PMC10743769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy has emerged as a recognized anti-tumor treatment involving three fundamental elements: photosensitizers, light, and reactive oxygen species. Enhancing the effectiveness of photosensitizers remains the primary avenue for improving the biological therapeutic outcomes of PDT. Through three generations of development, HPPH is a 2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl derivative of pyropheophorbide-α, representing a second-generation photosensitizer already undergoing clinical trials for various tumors. The evolution toward third-generation photosensitizers based on HPPH involves structural modifications for multimodal applications and the combination of multifunctional compounds, leading to improved imaging localization and superior anti-tumor effects. While research into third-generation HPPH is beneficial for advancing PDT treatment, equal attention should also be directed toward the other two essential elements and personalized diagnosis and treatment methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiao Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.F.); (Z.J.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (L.L.)
- Head and Neck Surgical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.F.); (Z.J.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (L.L.)
- Head and Neck Surgical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.F.); (Z.J.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (L.L.)
- Head and Neck Surgical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zepeng Xu
- West China Clinical Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China;
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.F.); (Z.J.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (L.L.)
- Head and Neck Surgical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Deying Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.F.); (Z.J.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (L.L.)
- Head and Neck Surgical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Mailudan Ainiwaer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.F.); (Z.J.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (L.L.)
- Head and Neck Surgical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Leyu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.F.); (Z.J.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (L.L.)
- Head and Neck Surgical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.F.); (Z.J.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (L.L.)
- Head and Neck Surgical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.F.); (Z.J.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (L.L.)
- Head and Neck Surgical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Lai C, Zhang B, Li D, Tan X, Luo B, Shen J, Li L, Shao J. Rational design of a minimum nanoplatform for maximizing therapeutic potency: Three birds with one stone. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 635:441-455. [PMID: 36599242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic modalities and drug formulations play a crucial and prominent role in actualizing effective treatment and radical cures of tumors. However, the therapeutic efficiency was severely limited by tumor recurrence and complex multi-step preparation of formulation. Therefore, the exploration of novel nanoparticles via a simple and green synthesis process for conquering traditional obstacles and improving therapeutic efficiency is an appealing, yet remarkably challenging task. Herein, a universal nanoplatform allows all cancerous cell-targeting, acid-responsive, cell imaging, synergistic chemotherapy, and nucleolar targeted phototherapy function was tactfully designed and constructed by using chemotherapeutic agents ursolic acid (UA), sorafenib (SF), and carbon dots (CDs) photosensitizers (PSs). The designed US NPs were formed by self-assembly of UA and SF associated with electrostatic, π-π stacking, and hydrophobic interactions. After hydrogen bonding reaction with CDs, the obtained (denoted as USC NPs) have a relatively uniform size of an average 125.6 nm, which facilitated the favorable accumulation of drugs at the tumor region through a potential enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect as compared to their counterpart of free CDs solution. Both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that the advanced platform commenced synergistic anticancer therapeutic potency, imperceptible systematical toxicity, and remarkable reticence towards drug-resistant cancer cells. Moreover, the CDs PSs possess intrinsic nucleolus-targeting ability. Taken together, this theranostics system can fully play the role of "killing three birds with one stone" in a safe manner, implying a promising direction for exploring treatment strategies for cancer and endowing them with great potential for future translational research and providing a new vision for the advancing of an exceptionally forceful protocol for practical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Lai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Bingchen Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Tumors, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523058, China
| | - Dongmiao Li
- State Key Lab of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiarong Tan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Bangyue Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jiangwen Shen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Linyan Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jingwei Shao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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5
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Shi Y, Zhao Y, Kang W, Lu W, Chen D, Tao J, Li J, Yu R, Zhao J, Tang R, Teng Z, Weng L. Flexible Hollow Human Serum Albumin-Catalase Nanocapsules with High Accumulation and Uptake Ability for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:527-539. [PMID: 36742990 PMCID: PMC9894082 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s393194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted increasing attention for tumor treatment because of its minimal invasiveness and specific spatiotemporal selectivity. However, insufficient tumor accumulation and low cellular uptake of photosensitizers limit its therapeutic efficacy. Methods In this study, flexible hollow human serum albumin/catalase nanocapsules (HSA/CATs) were created using a core-assisted protein-coating method and combined with the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (HSA/CAT@Ce6) for PDT. Results and Discussion Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images demonstrate that HSA/CAT nanocapsules are flexible, with a uniform diameter (310 nm) and a well-defined hollow structure. Thanks to their flexibility, HSA/CAT@Ce6 nanocapsules show a higher cellular uptake than rigid nanoparticles. The nanocapsules effectively generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in 4T1 cells because of their high cellular uptake and catalytic capacity, remarkably enhancing their in vitro PDT efficacy. In addition, the in vivo tumor accumulation of HSA/CAT@Ce6 nanocapsules is significantly larger than that of rigid nanoparticles and Ce6, meaning they are highly effective in tumor cell ablation. This demonstrates that our flexible nanoplatform holds great promise for enhancing PDT of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Shi
- College of Geography and Biological Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Kang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Tao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruifa Yu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Tang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaogang Teng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Zhaogang Teng; Lixing Weng, Email ;
| | - Lixing Weng
- College of Geography and Biological Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Image-guided drug delivery in nanosystem-based cancer therapies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114621. [PMID: 36402247 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The past decades have shown significant advancements in the development of solid tumor treatment. For instance, implementation of nanosystems for drug delivery has led to a reduction in side effects and improved delivery to the tumor region. However, clinical translation has faced challenges, as tumor drug levels are still considered to be inadequate. Interdisciplinary research has resulted in the development of more advanced drug delivery systems. These are coined "smart" due to the ability to be followed and actively manipulated in order to have better control over local drug release. Therefore, image-guided drug delivery can be a powerful strategy to improve drug activity at the target site. Being able to visualize the inflow of the administered smart nanosystem within the tumor gives the potential to determine the right moment to apply the facilitator to initiate drug release. Here we provide an overview of available nanosystems, imaging moieties, and imaging techniques. We discuss preclinical application of these smart drug delivery systems, the strength of image-guided drug delivery, and the future of personalized treatment.
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Zhu H, Li B, Yu Chan C, Low Qian Ling B, Tor J, Yi Oh X, Jiang W, Ye E, Li Z, Jun Loh X. Advances in Single-component inorganic nanostructures for photoacoustic imaging guided photothermal therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114644. [PMID: 36493906 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phototheranostic based on photothermal therapy (PTT) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI), as one of avant-garde medical techniques, have sparked growing attention because it allows noninvasive, deeply penetrative, and highly selective and effective therapy. Among a variety of phototheranostic nanoagents, single-component inorganic nanostructures are found to be novel and attractive PAI and PTT combined nanotheranostic agents and received tremendous attention, which not only exhibit structural controllability, high tunability in physiochemical properties, size-dependent optical properties, high reproducibility, simple composition, easy functionalization, and simple synthesis process, but also can be endowed with multiple therapeutic and imaging functions, realizing the superior therapy result along with bringing less foreign materials into body, reducing systemic side effects and improving the bioavailability. In this review, according to their synthetic components, conventional single-component inorganic nanostructures are divided into metallic nanostructures, metal dichalcogenides, metal oxides, carbon based nanostructures, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), MXenes, graphdiyne and other nanostructures. On the basis of this category, their detailed applications in PAI guide PTT of tumor treatment are systematically reviewed, including synthesis strategies, corresponding performances, and cancer diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy. Before these, the factors to influence on photothermal effect and the principle of in vivo PAI are briefly presented. Finally, we also comprehensively and thoroughly discussed the limitation, potential barriers, future perspectives for research and clinical translation of this single-component inorganic nanoagent in biomedical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houjuan Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Bofan Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore; Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Chui Yu Chan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Beverly Low Qian Ling
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jiaqian Tor
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Xin Yi Oh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Wenbin Jiang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Enyi Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore; Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore; Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore.
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Mitochondrion, lysosome, and endoplasmic reticulum: Which is the best target for phototherapy? J Control Release 2022; 351:692-702. [PMID: 36150580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a robust cancer treatment modality, and the precise spatiotemporal control of its subcellular action site is crucial for its effectiveness. However, accurate comparison of the efficacy of different organelle-targeted PDT approaches is challenging since it is difficult to find a single system that can achieve separate targeting of different organelles with separable time windows and similar binding amounts. Herein, we conjugated chlorin e6 (Ce6) with 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-5000] (ammonium salt) (DSPE-PEG5000-NH2) to afford DSPE-PEG-Ce6, which could migrate from mitochondrion to lysosome and ultimately to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) after cellular internalization. Benefiting from the dynamic subcellular distribution of DSPE-PEG-Ce6 with tunable organelle-binding amounts, we accurately determined the PDT efficacy order of the molecule, i.e., mitochondrion > ER > lysosome. This work proposes an ideal model system for accurately evaluating the specific organelle-targeted PDT efficacy and may promote the future development of effective PDT strategies.
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9
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Development of various carbon nanoparticles and albumin complexes for potential theranostics applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Wang K, Wang X, Liu X, Li E, Zhao R, Yang S. Facile synthesis of dual emission carbon dots for the ratiometric fluorescent detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol and cell imaging. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kang MS, Lee H, Jeong SJ, Eom TJ, Kim J, Han DW. State of the Art in Carbon Nanomaterials for Photoacoustic Imaging. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061374. [PMID: 35740396 PMCID: PMC9219987 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging using energy conversion from light to ultrasound waves has been developed as a powerful tool to investigate in vivo phenomena due to their complex characteristics. In photoacoustic imaging, endogenous chromophores such as oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, melanin, and lipid provide useful biomedical information at the molecular level. However, these intrinsic absorbers show strong absorbance only in visible or infrared optical windows and have limited light transmission, making them difficult to apply for clinical translation. Therefore, the development of novel exogenous contrast agents capable of increasing imaging depth while ensuring strong light absorption is required. We report here the application of carbon nanomaterials that exhibit unique physical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties as imaging probes in photoacoustic imaging. Classified into specific structures, carbon nanomaterials are synthesized with different substances according to the imaging purposes to modulate the absorption spectra and highly enhance photoacoustic signals. In addition, functional drugs can be loaded into the carbon nanomaterials composite, and effective in vivo monitoring and photothermal therapy can be performed with cell-specific targeting. Diverse applied cases suggest the high potential of carbon nanomaterial-based photoacoustic imaging in in vivo monitoring for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Haeni Lee
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Seung Jo Jeong
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Tae Joong Eom
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.J.E.); (J.K.); (D.-W.H.)
| | - Jeesu Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.J.E.); (J.K.); (D.-W.H.)
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.L.)
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
- Correspondence: (T.J.E.); (J.K.); (D.-W.H.)
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12
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Long X, Zhang X, Chen Q, Liu M, Xiang Y, Yang Y, Xiao Z, Huang J, Wang X, Liu C, Nan Y, Huang Q. Nucleus-Targeting Phototherapy Nanodrugs for High-Effective Anti-Cancer Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:905375. [PMID: 35645841 PMCID: PMC9130747 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.905375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA is always one of the most important targets for cancer therapy due to its leading role in the proliferation of cancer cells. Phototherapy kills cancer cells by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and local hyperthermia under light. It has attracted extensive interest in the clinical treatment of tumors because of many advantages such as non-invasiveness, high patient compliance, and low toxicity and side effects. However, the short ROS diffusion distance and limited thermal diffusion rate make it difficult for phototherapy to damage DNA deep in the nucleus. Therefore, nucleus-targeting phototherapy that can destroy DNAs via in-situ generation of ROS and high temperature can be a very effective strategy to address this bottleneck. Recently, some emerging nucleus-targeting phototherapy nanodrugs have demonstrated extremely effective anticancer effects. However, reviews in the field are still rarely reported. Here, we comprehensively summarized recent advances in nucleus-targeting phototherapy in recent years. We classified nucleus-targeting phototherapy into three categories based on the characteristics of these nucleus-targeting strategies. The first category is the passive targeting strategy, which mainly targets the nucleus by adjusting the physicochemical characteristics of phototherapy nanomedicines. The second category is to mediate the phototherapy nanodrugs into the nucleus by modifying functional groups that actively target the nucleus. The third category is to assist nanodrugs enter into the nucleus in a light-controlled way. Finally, we provided our insights and prospects for nucleus-targeting phototherapy nanodrugs. This minireview provides unique insights and valuable clues in the design of phototherapy nanodrugs and other nucleus-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Long
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiaohui Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Xiang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuoxiu Xiao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yayun Nan
- Geriatric Medical Center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Naik K, Chaudhary S, Ye L, Parmar AS. A Strategic Review on Carbon Quantum Dots for Cancer-Diagnostics and Treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:882100. [PMID: 35662840 PMCID: PMC9158127 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.882100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the genesis of life-threatening cancer and its invasion calls for urgent development of novel technologies for real-time observations, early diagnosis, and treatment. Quantum dots (QDs) grabbed the spotlight in oncology owing to their excellent photostability, bright fluorescence, high biocompatibility, good electrical and chemical stability with minimum invasiveness. Recently, carbon QDs (CQDs) have become popular over toxic inorganic QDs in the area of bioimaging, biosensing, and drug delivery. Further, CQDs derived from natural sources like biomolecules and medicinal plants have drawn attention because of their one-pot, low-cost and ease of synthesis, along with remarkable tunable optical properties and biocompatibility. This review introduces the synthesis and properties of CQDs derived from natural sources, focusing on the applicability of CQD-based technologies as nano-theranostics for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Furthermore, the current issues and future directions for the transformation of CQDs-based nanotechnologies to clinical applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh Naik
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Shilpi Chaudhary
- Department of Applied Sciences, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to Be University), Chandigarh, India
- *Correspondence: Shilpi Chaudhary, ; Avanish Singh Parmar,
| | - Lei Ye
- Division of Pure & Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Avanish Singh Parmar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
- Center for Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
- *Correspondence: Shilpi Chaudhary, ; Avanish Singh Parmar,
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14
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Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wu FG. Carbon Dots as Drug Delivery Vehicles for Antimicrobial Applications: A Minireview. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200003. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xi Wang
- Southeast University School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zihao Wang
- Southeast University School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering CHINA
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- Southeast University School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering 2 Sipailou Road 210096 Nanjing CHINA
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15
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Wang Z, Wu F. Emerging Single-Atom Catalysts/Nanozymes for Catalytic Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101682. [PMID: 34729955 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are a type of atomically dispersed nanozymes with the highest atom utilization, which employ low-coordinated single atoms as the catalytically active sites. SACs not only inherit the merits of traditional nanozymes, but also hold high catalytic activity and superb catalytic selectivity, which ensure their tremendous application potential in environmental remediation, energy storage and conversion, chemical industry, nanomedicine, etc. Nevertheless, undesired aggregation effect of single atoms during preactivation and reaction processes is significantly enhanced owing to the high surface free energy of single atoms. In this case, appropriate substrates are requisite to prevent the aggregation event through the powerful interactions between the single atoms and the substrates, thereby stabilizing the high catalytic activity of the catalysts. In this review, the synthetic methods and characterization approaches of SACs are first described. Then the application cases of SACs in nanomedicine are summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities of the SACs in nanomedicine are outlined. It is hoped that this review may have implications for furthering the development of new SACs with improved biophysicochemical properties and broadened biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University 2 Sipailou Road Nanjing 210096 P. R. China
| | - Fu‐Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University 2 Sipailou Road Nanjing 210096 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University) Ministry of Education 22 Shuangyong Road Nanning 530022 P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor 22 Shuangyong Road Nanning 530022 P. R. China
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16
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Singh U, Teja AG, Walia S, Vaswani P, Dalvi S, Bhatia D. Water stable, red emitting, carbon nanoparticles stimulate 3D cell invasion via clathrin-mediated endocytic uptake. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1375-1386. [PMID: 36133687 PMCID: PMC9418831 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00813g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bright fluorescent nanoparticles with excitation and emission towards the red end of the spectrum are highly desirable in the field of bioimaging. We present here a new class of organic carbon-based nanoparticles (CNPs) with a robust quantum yield and fluorescence towards the red region of the spectrum. Using organic substrates such as para-phenylenediamine (PPDA) dispersed in diphenyl ether under reflux conditions, we achieved scalable amounts of CNPs with an average size of 27 nm. These CNPs were readily taken up by different mammalian cells, and we show that they prefer clathrin-mediated endocytosis for their cellular entry route. Not only can these CNPs be specifically taken up by cells, but they also stimulate cellular processes such as cell invasion from 3D spheroid models. This new class of CNPs, which have sizes similar to those of proteinaceous ligands, hold immense potential for their surface functionalization. These could be explored as promising bioimaging agents for biomedical imaging and intracellular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udisha Singh
- Biological Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Palaj Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Aditya Guduru Teja
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Palaj Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Shanka Walia
- Biological Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Palaj Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Payal Vaswani
- Biological Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Palaj Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Sameer Dalvi
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Palaj Gujarat 382355 India
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Palaj Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Dhiraj Bhatia
- Biological Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Palaj Gujarat 382355 India
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Palaj Gujarat 382355 India
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17
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Mauro N, Utzeri MA, Sciortino A, Messina F, Cannas M, Popescu R, Gerthsen D, Buscarino G, Cavallaro G, Giammona G. Decagram-Scale Synthesis of Multicolor Carbon Nanodots: Self-Tracking Nanoheaters with Inherent and Selective Anticancer Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2551-2563. [PMID: 34985246 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CDs) are a new class of carbon-based nanoparticles endowed with photoluminescence, high specific surface area, and good photothermal conversion, which have spearheaded many breakthroughs in medicine, especially in drug delivery and cancer theranostics. However, the tight control of their structural, optical, and biological properties and the synthesis scale-up have been very difficult so far. Here, we report for the first time an efficient protocol for the one-step synthesis of decagram-scale quantities of N,S-doped CDs with a narrow size distribution, along with a single nanostructure multicolor emission, high near-infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion efficiency, and selective reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cancer cells. This allows achieving targeted and multimodal cytotoxic effects (i.e., photothermal and oxidative stresses) in cancer cells by applying biocompatible NIR laser sources that can be remotely controlled under the guidance of fluorescence imaging. Hence, our findings open up a range of possibilities for real-world biomedical applications, among which is cancer theranostics. In this work, indocyanine green is used as a bidentate SOx donor which has the ability to tune surface groups and emission bands of CDs obtained by solvothermal decomposition of citric acid and urea in N,N-dimethylformamide. The co-doping implies various surface states providing transitions in the visible region, thus eliciting a tunable multicolor emission from blue to red and excellent photothermal efficiency in the NIR region useful in bioimaging applications and image-guided anticancer phototherapy. The fluorescence self-tracking capability of SOx-CDs reveals that they can enter cancer cells more quickly than healthy cell lines and undergo a different intracellular fate after cell internalization. This could explain why sulfur doping entails pro-oxidative activities by triggering more ROS generation in cancer cells when compared to healthy cell lines. We also find that oxidative stress can be locally enhanced under the effects of a NIR laser at moderate power density (2.5 W cm-2). Overall, these findings suggest that SOx-CDs are endowed with inherent drug-independent cytotoxic effects toward cancer cells, which would be selectively enhanced by external NIR light irradiation and helpful in precision anticancer approaches. Also, this work opens a debate on the role of CD surface engineering in determining nanotoxicity as a function of cell metabolism, thus allowing a rational design of next-generation nanomaterials with targeted anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Mauro
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mara Andrea Utzeri
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Sciortino
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) "E. Segrè", University of Palermo, via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Messina
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) "E. Segrè", University of Palermo, via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
- ATeNCenter, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze─Ed. 18/A, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Cannas
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) "E. Segrè", University of Palermo, via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Radian Popescu
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology|KIT, Finanzmanagement Kaiserstraße 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dagmar Gerthsen
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology|KIT, Finanzmanagement Kaiserstraße 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gianpiero Buscarino
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) "E. Segrè", University of Palermo, via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
- ATeNCenter, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze─Ed. 18/A, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gennara Cavallaro
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
- ATeNCenter, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze─Ed. 18/A, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Giammona
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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18
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Liu H, Guo J, Aryee AA, Hua L, Sun Y, Li Z, Liu J, Tang W. Lighting up Individual Organelles With Fluorescent Carbon Dots. Front Chem 2021; 9:784851. [PMID: 34900943 PMCID: PMC8660688 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.784851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell organelles play crucial roles in the normal functioning of an organism, therefore the disruption of their operation is associated with diseases and in some cases death. Thus, the detection and monitoring of the activities within these organelles are of great importance. Several probes based on graphene oxide, small molecules, and other nanomaterials have been developed for targeting specific organelles. Among these materials, organelle-targeted fluorescent probes based on carbon dots have attracted substantial attention in recent years owing to their superior characteristics, which include facile synthesis, good photostability, low cytotoxicity, and high selectivity. The ability of these probes to target specific organelles enables researchers to obtain valuable information for understanding the processes involved in their functions and/or malfunctions and may also aid in effective targeted drug delivery. This review highlights recently reported organelle-specific fluorescent probes based on carbon dots. The precursors of these carbon dots are also discussed because studies have shown that many of the intrinsic properties of these probes originate from the precursor used. An overview of the functions of the discussed organelles, the types of probes used, and their advantages and limitations are also provided. Organelles such as the mitochondria, nucleus, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum have been the central focus of research to date, whereas the Golgi body, centrosome, vesicles, and others have received comparatively little attention. It is therefore the hope of the authors that further studies will be conducted in an effort to design probes with the ability to localize within these less studied organelles so as to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Liu
- Precision Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiancheng Guo
- Precision Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Linlin Hua
- Precision Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanqiang Sun
- College of Chemistry of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- College of Chemistry of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Precision Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenxue Tang
- Precision Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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19
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Bagheri AR, Aramesh N, Bilal M, Xiao J, Kim HW, Yan B. Carbon nanomaterials as emerging nanotherapeutic platforms to tackle the rising tide of cancer - A review. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 51:116493. [PMID: 34781082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has become one of the main reasons for human death in recent years. Around 18 million new cancer cases and approximately 9.6 million deaths from cancer reported in 2018, and the annual number of cancer cases will have increased to 22 million in the next two decades. These alarming facts have rekindled researchers' attention to develop and apply different approaches for cancer therapy. Unfortunately, most of the applied methods for cancer therapy not only have adverse side effects like toxicity and damage of healthy cells but also have a short lifetime. To this end, introducing innovative and effective methods for cancer therapy is vital and necessary. Among different potential materials, carbon nanomaterials can cope with the rising threats of cancer. Due to unique physicochemical properties of different carbon nanomaterials including carbon, fullerene, carbon dots, graphite, single-walled carbon nanotube and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, they exhibit possibilities to address the drawbacks for cancer therapy. Carbon nanomaterials are prodigious materials due to their ability in drug delivery or remedial of small molecules. Functionalization of carbon nanomaterials can improve the cancer therapy process and decrement the side effects. These exceptional traits make carbon nanomaterials as versatile and prevalent materials for application in cancer therapy. This article spotlights the recent findings in cancer therapy using carbon nanomaterials (2015-till now). Different types of carbon nanomaterials and their utilization in cancer therapy were highlighted. The plausible mechanisms for the action of carbon nanomaterials in cancer therapy were elucidated and the advantages and disadvantages of each material were also illustrated. Finally, the current problems and future challenges for cancer therapy based on carbon nanomaterials were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nahal Aramesh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Jiafu Xiao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, PR China
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Kore; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
| | - Bing Yan
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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20
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Khorsandi Z, Borjian-Boroujeni M, Yekani R, Varma RS. Carbon nanomaterials with chitosan: A winning combination for drug delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Cai R, Xiao L, Liu M, Du F, Wang Z. Recent Advances in Functional Carbon Quantum Dots for Antitumour. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7195-7229. [PMID: 34720582 PMCID: PMC8550800 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s334012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are an emerging class of quasi-zero-dimensional photoluminescent nanomaterials with particle sizes less than 10 nm. Owing to their favourable water dispersion, strong chemical inertia, stable optical performance, and good biocompatibility, CQDs have become prominent in biomedical fields. CQDs can be fabricated by “top-down” and “bottom-up” methods, both of which involve oxidation, carbonization, pyrolysis and polymerization. The functions of CQDs include biological imaging, biosensing, drug delivery, gene carrying, antimicrobial performance, photothermal ablation and so on, which enable them to be utilized in antitumour applications. The purpose of this review is to summarize the research progress of CQDs in antitumour applications from preparation and characterization to application prospects. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities of CQDs are discussed along with future perspectives for precise individual therapy of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cai
- Central Laboratory, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Xiao
- Central Laboratory, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixiu Liu
- Central Laboratory, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyi Du
- School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Central Laboratory, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
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Jeong S, Yoo SW, Kim HJ, Park J, Kim JW, Lee C, Kim H. Recent Progress on Molecular Photoacoustic Imaging with Carbon-Based Nanocomposites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5643. [PMID: 34640053 PMCID: PMC8510032 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
For biomedical imaging, the interest in noninvasive imaging methods is ever increasing. Among many modalities, photoacoustic imaging (PAI), which is a combination of optical and ultrasound imaging techniques, has received attention because of its unique advantages such as high spatial resolution, deep penetration, and safety. Incorporation of exogenous imaging agents further amplifies the effective value of PAI, since they can deliver other specified functions in addition to imaging. For these agents, carbon-based materials can show a large specific surface area and interesting optoelectronic properties, which increase their effectiveness and have proved their potential in providing a theragnostic platform (diagnosis + therapy) that is essential for clinical use. In this review, we introduce the current state of the PAI modality, address recent progress on PAI imaging that takes advantage of carbon-based agents, and offer a future perspective on advanced PAI systems using carbon-based agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songah Jeong
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.J.); (H.J.K.); (J.P.); (J.W.K.)
| | - Su Woong Yoo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 264, Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Korea;
| | - Hea Ji Kim
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.J.); (H.J.K.); (J.P.); (J.W.K.)
| | - Jieun Park
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.J.); (H.J.K.); (J.P.); (J.W.K.)
| | - Ji Woo Kim
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.J.); (H.J.K.); (J.P.); (J.W.K.)
| | - Changho Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 264, Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Korea;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160, Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.J.); (H.J.K.); (J.P.); (J.W.K.)
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Wang X, Zhong X, Li J, Liu Z, Cheng L. Inorganic nanomaterials with rapid clearance for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8669-8742. [PMID: 34156040 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00461h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic nanomaterials that have inherently exceptional physicochemical properties (e.g., catalytic, optical, thermal, electrical, or magnetic performance) that can provide desirable functionality (e.g., drug delivery, diagnostics, imaging, or therapy) have considerable potential for application in the field of biomedicine. However, toxicity can be caused by the long-term, non-specific accumulation of these inorganic nanomaterials in healthy tissues, preventing their large-scale clinical utilization. Over the past several decades, the emergence of biodegradable and clearable inorganic nanomaterials has offered the potential to prevent such long-term toxicity. In addition, a comprehensive understanding of the design of such nanomaterials and their metabolic pathways within the body is essential for enabling the expansion of theranostic applications for various diseases and advancing clinical trials. Thus, it is of critical importance to develop biodegradable and clearable inorganic nanomaterials for biomedical applications. This review systematically summarizes the recent progress of biodegradable and clearable inorganic nanomaterials, particularly for application in cancer theranostics and other disease therapies. The future prospects and opportunities in this rapidly growing biomedical field are also discussed. We believe that this timely and comprehensive review will stimulate and guide additional in-depth studies in the area of inorganic nanomedicine, as rapid in vivo clearance and degradation is likely to be a prerequisite for the future clinical translation of inorganic nanomaterials with unique properties and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Li Y, Wang YQ, Liu D, Gao Y, Wang SN, Qiu H. Dual-Emission Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe Based on Lanthanide-Functionalized Carbon Quantum Dots for White Light Emission and Chemical Sensing. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14629-14638. [PMID: 34124486 PMCID: PMC8190926 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we develop a novel method to synthesize lanthanide-functionalized carbon quantum dots via free-radical copolymerization using the methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer as a functional monomer and introducing a lanthanide complex to obtain the dual-emission fluorescent composite material FCQDs-Ln(TFA)3 (Ln = Eu, Tb; TFA: trifluoroacetylacetone). The obtained composites were fully characterized, and their structures were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H NMR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Subsequently, a series of white-light-emitting polymer composite films FCQDs- (Eu:Tb)(TFA)3/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were designed and synthesized by adjusting the ratio of Eu(TFA)3/Tb(TFA)3 under different wavelengths. More significantly, FCQDs-Tb(TFA)3 was selected as a sensitive probe for sensing metal cations due to excellent photoluminescence properties, revealing a unique capability of FCQDs-Tb(TFA)3 of detecting Fe(III) cations with high efficiency and selectivity. Furthermore, the sensing experiment results indicated that FCQDs-Tb(TFA)3 is ideal as a fluorescent nanoprobe for Fe3+ ion detection, and the lowest detection limit for Fe3+ is 0.158 μM, which is superior to many other previous related research studies. This pioneering work provides a new idea and method for constructing a dual-emission ratio sensor based on carbon quantum dots and also extends the potential application in the biological and environmental fields.
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25
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Yi X, Duan QY, Wu FG. Low-Temperature Photothermal Therapy: Strategies and Applications. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2021; 2021:9816594. [PMID: 34041494 PMCID: PMC8125200 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9816594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although photothermal therapy (PTT) with the assistance of nanotechnology has been considered as an indispensable strategy in the biomedical field, it still encounters some severe problems that need to be solved. Excessive heat can induce treated cells to develop thermal resistance, and thus, the efficacy of PTT may be dramatically decreased. In the meantime, the uncontrollable diffusion of heat can pose a threat to the surrounding healthy tissues. Recently, low-temperature PTT (also known as mild PTT or mild-temperature PTT) has demonstrated its remarkable capacity of conquering these obstacles and has shown excellent performance in bacterial elimination, wound healing, and cancer treatments. Herein, we summarize the recently proposed strategies for achieving low-temperature PTT based on nanomaterials and introduce the synthesis, characteristics, and applications of these nanoplatforms. Additionally, the combination of PTT and other therapeutic modalities for defeating cancers and the synergistic cancer therapeutic effect of the combined treatments are discussed. Finally, the current limitations and future directions are proposed for inspiring more researchers to make contributions to promoting low-temperature PTT toward more successful preclinical and clinical disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qiu-Yi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
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Xing J, Gong Q, Akakuru OU, Liu C, Zou R, Wu A. Research advances in integrated theranostic probes for tumor fluorescence visualization and treatment. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:24311-24330. [PMID: 33300527 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06867e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
At present, cancer is obviously a major threat to human health worldwide. Accurate diagnosis and treatment are in great demand and have become an effective method to alleviate the development of cancer and improve the survival rate of patients. A large number of theranostic probes that combine diagnosis and treatment methods have been developed as promising tools for tumor precision medicine. Among them, fluorescent theranostic probes have developed rapidly in the frontier research field of precision medicine with their real time, low toxicity, and high-resolution merit. Therefore, this review focuses on recent advances in the development of fluorescent theranostic probes, as well as their applications for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Initially, small-molecule fluorescent theranostic probes mainly including tumor microenvironment-responsive fluorescent prodrugs and phototherapeutic probes were introduced. Subsequently, nanocomposite probes are expounded based on four types of nano-fluorescent particles combining different therapies (chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, etc.). Then, the capsule-type "all in one" probes, which occupy an important position in theranostic probes, are summarized according to the surface carrier type. This review aims to present a comprehensive guide for researchers in the field of tumor-related theranostic probe design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xing
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, PR China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Qiuyu Gong
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, PR China.
| | - Ozioma Udochukwu Akakuru
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, PR China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, PR China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Ruifen Zou
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, PR China.
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, PR China.
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Xu Y, Li P, Cheng D, Wu C, Lu Q, Yang W, Zhu X, Yin P, Liu M, Li H, Zhang Y. Group IV nanodots: synthesis, surface engineering and application in bioimaging and biotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10290-10308. [PMID: 33103712 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01881c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Group IV nanodots (NDs) mainly including carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge) have aroused much attention as one type of important nanomaterials that are widely studied in optoelectronics, semiconductors, sensors and biomedicine-related fields owing to the low cost of synthesis, good stability, excellent biocompatibility, and some attractive newly emerged properties. In this review, the synthesis, surface engineering and application in bioimaging and biotherapy of group IV NDs are summarized and discussed. The recent progress in the rational synthesis and functionalization, specific therapy-related properties, together with in vivo and in vitro bioimaging are highlighted. Their new applications in biotherapy such as photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are illustrated with respect to C, Si and Ge NDs. The current challenges and future applications of these emerging materials in bioimaging and biotherapy are presented. This review provides readers with a distinct perspective of the group IV NDs nanomaterials for synthesis and surface engineering, and newly emerging properties related to applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Peipei Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Dan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Cuiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Qiujun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Weipeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Peng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Meiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Haitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Youyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
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Chitosan/carbon quantum dot/aptamer complex as a potential anticancer drug delivery system towards the release of 5-fluorouracil. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1422-1430. [PMID: 32987067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanotechnology contributes diminishing side effects rather than traditional therapeutic methods like chemotherapy. Thus, designing a biocompatible specific targeted nanocarrier with prolonged half-life and enhanced bio-availability using simultaneous cell imaging seems urgent. To meet this demand, 5-fluorouracil-chitosan‑carbon quantum dot-aptamer (5-FU-CS-CQD-Apt) nanoparticle was successfully synthesized for specific targeted delivery of 5-FU anti-cancer drug used in breast cancer treatment and this was done by following facile water-in-oil (W/O) emulsification method. Physicochemical properties were characterized and high drug loading and entrapment efficiency were achieved. The average size and zeta potential of the nanoparticle were 122.7 nm and + 31.2 mV, respectively. According to the in-vitro drug release profile, 5-FU-CS-CQD-Apt released the drug in a controlled manner. MTT assay, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and gene expression results demonstrated that the blank nanoparticle was biocompatible, and 5-FU-CS-CQD-Apt could kill tumor cells efficiently. Bcl-2/Bax ratio was decreased after 5-FU-CS-CQD-Apt treatment in MCF-7 cells. It was concluded that 5-FU-CS-CQD-Apt could be used as a potential nanocarrier in breast cancer treatment.
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29
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Sun S, Chen Q, Tang Z, Liu C, Li Z, Wu A, Lin H. Tumor Microenvironment Stimuli‐Responsive Fluorescence Imaging and Synergistic Cancer Therapy by Carbon‐Dot–Cu
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Nanoassemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21041-21048. [PMID: 32914924 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Sun
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS 1219 ZhongGuan West Road Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Qiao Chen
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS 1219 ZhongGuan West Road Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Zhongdi Tang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS 1219 ZhongGuan West Road Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS 1219 ZhongGuan West Road Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS 1219 ZhongGuan West Road Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Hengwei Lin
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS 1219 ZhongGuan West Road Ningbo 315201 China
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
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30
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Sun S, Chen Q, Tang Z, Liu C, Li Z, Wu A, Lin H. Tumor Microenvironment Stimuli‐Responsive Fluorescence Imaging and Synergistic Cancer Therapy by Carbon‐Dot–Cu
2+
Nanoassemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Sun
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS 1219 ZhongGuan West Road Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Qiao Chen
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS 1219 ZhongGuan West Road Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Zhongdi Tang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS 1219 ZhongGuan West Road Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS 1219 ZhongGuan West Road Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS 1219 ZhongGuan West Road Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Hengwei Lin
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS 1219 ZhongGuan West Road Ningbo 315201 China
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
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31
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Chung YJ, Kim J, Park CB. Photonic Carbon Dots as an Emerging Nanoagent for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6470-6497. [PMID: 32441509 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a class of carbon-based nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted enormous attention because of their tunable optical and physicochemical properties, such as absorptivity and photoluminescence from ultraviolet to near-infrared, high photostability, biocompatibility, and aqueous dispersity. These characteristics make CDs a promising alternative photonic nanoagent to conventional fluorophores in disease diagnosis, treatment, and healthcare managements. This review describes the fundamental photophysical properties of CDs and highlights their recent applications to bioimaging, photomedicine (e.g., photodynamic/photothermal therapies), biosensors, and healthcare devices. We discuss current challenges and future prospects of photonic CDs to give an insight into developing vibrant fields of CD-based biomedicine and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jung Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Li W, Hu J, Wang J, Tang W, Yang W, Liu Y, Li R, Liu H. Polydopamine‐mediated polypyrrole/doxorubicin nanocomplex for chemotherapy‐enhanced photothermal therapy in both NIR‐I and NIR‐II biowindows against tumor cells. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real‐Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real‐Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real‐Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Wei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real‐Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Wenting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real‐Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real‐Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real‐Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real‐Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy Southwest University Chongqing China
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Liang K, Chen H. Protein-based nanoplatforms for tumor imaging and therapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1616. [PMID: 31999083 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death all over the world. The development of nanoplatform provides a promising strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. As the foundation of the nanoplatform, the composition of nanocarrier decides the basic properties. Protein exists in all kinds of life and participates in any life activities, having great potentials to serve as a nanocarrier because of its excellent biocompatibility, abundance of functional groups, and inherent biological activity. As a result, protein-based nanoplatforms have evoked extensive interests for tumor imaging and therapy. This review presents the latest progresses on the advancement of protein-based nanoplatforms, introducing the most common protein nanocarriers (such as human/bovine serum albumin, ferritin, human transferrin) thoroughly including their physiochemical properties and specific applications. Also, other kinds of protein are briefly involved. Finally, the prospects and challenges of the development of protein-based nanoplatforms are summarized. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hangrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Zheng Y, Li Z, Chen H, Gao Y. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for controllable photodynamic cancer therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 144:105213. [PMID: 31926941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Compared with the traditional treatment, photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of malignant tumors has the advantages of less damage to normal tissues, quick therapeutic effect, and ability to repeat treatments to the same site. However, most of the traditional photosensitizers (PSs) have severe skin photosensitization, poor tumor targeting, and low therapeutic effect in hypoxic tumor environment, which limit the application of PDT. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems can improve the targeting of PSs and release drugs with controllable photoactivity at predetermined locations, so as to achieve desired therapeutic effects with minimal side-effects. The present review summarizes the current nanoparticle platforms for PDT, and offers the description of different strategies including tumor-targeted delivery, controlled-release of PSs and the triggered photoactivity to achieve controllable PDT by nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. The challenges and prospects for further development of intelligent PSs for PDT are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zheng
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Ziying Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Haijun Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
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Xie H, Liu M, You B, Luo G, Chen Y, Liu B, Jiang Z, Chu PK, Shao J, Yu XF. Biodegradable Bi 2 O 2 Se Quantum Dots for Photoacoustic Imaging-Guided Cancer Photothermal Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1905208. [PMID: 31805221 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
As new 2D layered nanomaterials, Bi2 O2 Se nanoplates have unique semiconducting properties that can benefit biomedical applications. Herein, a facile top-down approach for the synthesis of Bi2 O2 Se quantum dots (QDs) in a solution is described. The Bi2 O2 Se QDs with a size of 3.8 nm and thickness of 1.9 nm exhibit a high photothermal conversion coefficient of 35.7% and good photothermal stability. In vitro and in vivo assessments demonstrate that the Bi2 O2 Se QDs possess excellent photoacoustic (PA) performance and photothermal therapy (PTT) efficiency. After systemic administration, the Bi2 O2 Se QDs accumulate passively in tumors enabling efficient PA imaging of the entire tumors to facilitate imaging-guided PTT without obvious toxicity. Furthermore, the Bi2 O2 Se QDs which exhibit degradability in aqueous media not only have sufficient stability during in vivo circulation to perform the designed therapeutic functions, but also can be discharged harmlessly from the body afterward. The results reveal the great potential of Bi2 O2 Se QDs as a biodegradable multifunctional agent in medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhan Xie
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, P. R. China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Mingqiang Liu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center (SGC), Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Baihao You
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Guanghong Luo
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, P. R. China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, P. R. China
| | - Bilu Liu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center (SGC), Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyou Jiang
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jundong Shao
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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Pan A, Jakaria MG, Meenach SA, Bothun GD. Radiofrequency and Near-Infrared Responsive Core–Shell Nanostructures Using Layersome Templates for Cancer Treatment. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 3:273-281. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Yin J, Zhang Y, Ma D, Yang R, Xu F, Wu H, He C, Liu L, Dong J, Shao Y. Nanoassembly and Multiscale Computation of Multifunctional Optical-Magnetic Nanoprobes for Tumor-Targeted Theranostics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:41069-41081. [PMID: 31599161 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods, mesoporous silica, gadolinia, folic acid, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives have been investigated due to their own advantages in cancer theranostics. However, it remains a great challenge to assemble these components into a stable unity with the diverse and enhanced functionality for more potential applications. Herein, as inspired by the first-principles calculation, a highly stable and safe all-in-one nanoprobe is fabricated via a novel nanoassembly strategy. Multiscale calculations were performed to address the atomistic bonding of a nanoprobe, heat necrosis of a tumor adjacent to the vasculature, and thermal diffusion in a photothermal circumstance, respectively. The nanoprobe gains an 8-fold increase in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxivity compared to the clinical gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate, achieving a significant MRI signal in vivo. Conjugated with folate-PEG, the nanoprobe can be effectively absorbed by tumoral cells, obtaining a vivid two-photon cell imaging. A specific multisite scheme for photothermal therapy of a solid tumor is proposed to improve low photothermal efficacy caused by thermal diffusion in a large tumor, leading to the successful cure of the mice with xenograft tumor sized 10-12 mm. In vitro and in vivo toxicity, long-term excretion data, and the recovery of the treated mice demonstrate that the theranostic nanoprobe possesses good biocompatibility and metabolism efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology and ⊥Center of Medical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy , Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Guangzhou 510060 , China
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Ouyang B, Liu F, Ruan S, Liu Y, Guo H, Cai Z, Yu X, Pang Z, Shen S. Localized Free Radicals Burst Triggered by NIR-II Light for Augmented Low-Temperature Photothermal Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:38555-38567. [PMID: 31558017 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a novel treatment modality of tumors, hypothermal hyperthermia employed relatively lower temperature (<45 °C) to damage cancer cells with mild toxicity to normal tissues. However, beyond that inducible heat resistance of tumor cells, the discounted therapeutic effect of low temperature hyperthermia was also ascribed to poor penetration of exogenous light stimulation and low accumulation of photothermal agents in tumor sites. Herein, we constructed a multifunctional in situ hydrogel of sodium alginate (ALG) via Ca2+ coordinated with ALG to encapsulate the photothermal agent of Ink and azo initiator of 2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane]dihydrochloride (AIPH) for effective tumor treatment. The designed ALG hydrogel was used to improve the therapeutic effect by increased accumulation of Ink and AIPH and avoid potential side-effects caused by the unexpected spread to the surrounding normal tissues. After injection, local low temperature stimulation was generated with near-infrared-II irradiation by a 1064 nm laser, triggering rapid decomposition of AIPH to produce alkyl radicals. The synergistic low temperature photothermal therapy and cytotoxic-free radicals enhanced the apoptosis of tumor cells via physical heat damage and lipid peroxidation. Thus, remarkable inhibition of tumor growth was observed in a subcutaneous colorectal cancer with negligible side effects. Furthermore, the formulation could also exert strong photoacoustic signals, which were utilized to monitor the stability of the composite hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshu Ouyang
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116021 , China
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200120 , China
| | - Funan Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital 1 , China Medical University , Shenyang 110001 , China
| | - Shuangrong Ruan
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200120 , China
| | - Yao Liu
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200120 , China
| | - Huishu Guo
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116021 , China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital 1 , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116011 , China
| | - Xiangrong Yu
- Department of Radiology, Zhuhai Hospital, Zhuhai Peoples Hospital , Jinan University , Zhuhai 519000 , China
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- School of Pharmacy & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Shun Shen
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200120 , China
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Hua XW, Bao YW, Zeng J, Wu FG. Nucleolus-Targeted Red Emissive Carbon Dots with Polarity-Sensitive and Excitation-Independent Fluorescence Emission: High-Resolution Cell Imaging and in Vivo Tracking. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:32647-32658. [PMID: 31381288 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Red-emitting carbon dots (CDs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their wide applications in areas including imaging, sensing, drug delivery, and cancer therapy. However, it is still highly challenging for red-emitting CDs to simultaneously achieve high quantum yields (QYs), nucleus targeting, and super-resolution fluorescence imaging (especially the stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging). Here, it is found that the addition of varied metal ions during the hydrothermal treatment of p-phenylenediamine (pPDA) leads to the formation of fluorescent CDs with emission wavelengths up to 700 nm. Strikingly, although metal ions play a crucial role in the synthesis of CDs with varied QYs, they are absent in the formed CDs, that is, the obtained CDs are metal-free, and the metal ions play a role similar to a "catalyst" during the CD formation. Besides, using pPDA and nickel ions (Ni2+) as raw materials, we prepare Ni-pPCDs which have the highest QY and exhibit various excellent fluorescence properties including excitation-independent emission (at ∼605 nm), good photostability, polarity sensitivity, and ribonucleic acid responsiveness. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that Ni-pPCDs are highly biocompatible and can realize real-time, wash-free, and high-resolution imaging of cell nuclei and high-contrast imaging of tumor-bearing mice and zebrafish. In summary, the present work may hold great promise in the synthesis and applications of red emissive CDs.
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Abstract
Carbon dots (or carbon quantum dots) are small (less than 10 nm) and luminescent carbon nanoparticles with some form of surface passivation. As an emerging class of nanomaterials, carbon dots have found wide applications in medicine, bioimaging, sensing, electronic devices, and catalysis. In this review, we focus on the recent advancements of carbon dots for sensing and killing microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Synthesis, functionalization, and a toxicity profile of these carbon dots are presented. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms of carbon dot-based sensing and killing of microorganisms.
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Scialabba C, Sciortino A, Messina F, Buscarino G, Cannas M, Roscigno G, Condorelli G, Cavallaro G, Giammona G, Mauro N. Highly Homogeneous Biotinylated Carbon Nanodots: Red-Emitting Nanoheaters as Theranostic Agents toward Precision Cancer Medicine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:19854-19866. [PMID: 31088077 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Very recent red-emissive carbon nanodots (CDs) have shown potential as near-infrared converting tools to produce local heat useful in cancer theranostics. Besides, CDs seem very appealing for clinical applications combining hyperthermia, imaging, and drug delivery in a single platform capable of selectively targeting cancer cells. However, CDs still suffer from dramatic dot-to-dot variability issues such that a rational design of their structural, optical, and chemical characteristics for medical applications has been impossible so far. Herein, we report for the first time a simple and highly controllable layer-by-layer synthesis of biotin-decorated CDs with monodisperse size distribution, well established polymeric shell thickness, and degree of surface functionalization, endowed with strong red luminescence and the ability to convert NIR light into heat. These CDs, henceforth named CDs-PEG-BT, consist of a carbonaceous core passivated with biotin-terminated PEG2000 chains, which we demonstrate as active targeting groups to recognize cancer cells. The CDs-PEG-BT are designed to efficiently incorporate a high amount of anticancer drugs such as irinotecan (16-28%) and to act as NIR-activated nanoheaters capable of triggering local hyperthermia and massive drug release inside tumors, thus provoking sudden and efficient tumor death. The potential of the irinotecan-loaded CDs-PEG-BT (CDs-PEG-BT@IT) in fluorescence imaging was studied on 2D cultures and on complex 3D spheroids mimicking in vivo tumor architectures, showing their capability of selectively entering cancer cells through biotin receptors overexpressed in cell membranes. The efficient anticancer effect of these CDs was thoroughly assessed on multicellular 3D spheroids and patient organoids (tumor-on-a-dish preclinical models) to predict the drug response in humans in view of personalized medicine applications. CDs-PEG-BT@IT have a smart combination of properties, which pave the way to their real-world use as anticancer theranostic agents for image-guided photothermal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Scialabba
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche" (STEBICEF) , University of Palermo , Via Archirafi 32 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Alice Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica , Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 36 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Messina
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica , Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 36 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Gianpiero Buscarino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica , Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 36 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Marco Cannas
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica , Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 36 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Giuseppina Roscigno
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology , "Federico II" University of Naples , 80131 Naples , Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Veronesi , Piazza Velasca 5 , 20122 Milano , Italy
| | - Gerolama Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology , "Federico II" University of Naples , 80131 Naples , Italy
| | - Gennara Cavallaro
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche" (STEBICEF) , University of Palermo , Via Archirafi 32 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Gaetano Giammona
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche" (STEBICEF) , University of Palermo , Via Archirafi 32 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Nicolò Mauro
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche" (STEBICEF) , University of Palermo , Via Archirafi 32 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Veronesi , Piazza Velasca 5 , 20122 Milano , Italy
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42
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Zhang B, Yu Q, Zhang YM, Liu Y. Two-dimensional supramolecular assemblies based on β-cyclodextrin-grafted graphene oxide for mitochondrial dysfunction and photothermal therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12200-12203. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05727g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A 2D supramolecular nanoassemblies specifically target the mitochondria of tumor cells and severely disrupt mitochondrial function in a photocontrollable manner, leading to remarkable inhibition of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Qilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Ying-Ming Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
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43
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Wang X, Xu XC, Yang M, Jiang P, Zhao J, Jiang FL, Liu Y. Concentration-tuned multicolor carbon dots: microwave-assisted synthesis, characterization, mechanism and applications. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01233h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new and simple way to obtain multicolor-emission carbon dots and an exploration of their mechanism and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Xue-Chen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Mian Yang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430081
- P. R. China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Feng-Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
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