1
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Yang Y, Li D, Yan N, Guo F. A new 3D printing strategy by enhancing shear-induced alignment of gelled nanomaterial inks resulting in stronger and ductile cellulose films. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 340:122269. [PMID: 38858020 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are derived from biomass and have significant potential as fossil-based plastic alternatives used in disposable electronics. Controlling the nanostructure of fibrils is the key to obtaining strong mechanical properties and high optical transparency. Vacuum filtration is usually used to prepare the CNFs film in the literature; however, such a process cannot control the structure of the CNFs film, which limits the transparency and mechanical strength of the film. Here, direct ink writing (DIW), a pressure-controlled extrusion process, is proposed to fabricate the CNFs film, which can significantly harness the alignment of fibrils by exerting shear stress force on the filaments. The printed films by DIW have a compact structure, and the degree of fibril alignment quantified by the small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXS) increases by 24 % compared to the vacuum filtration process. Such a process favors the establishment of the chemical bond (or interaction) between molecules, therefore leading to considerably high tensile strength (245 ± 8 MPa), elongation at break (2.2 ± 0.5 %), and good transparency. Thus, proposed DIW provides a new strategy for fabricating aligned CNFs films in a controlled manner with tunable macroscale properties. Moreover, this work provides theoretical guidance for employing CNFs as structural and reinforcing materials to design disposable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Yang
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Yan
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Fu Guo
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China; School of Mechanical Electrical Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
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2
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Zha L, Yan M, Berglund LA, Zhou Q. Tailoring the Holocellulose Fiber/Acrylic Resin Composite Interface with Hydrophobic Carboxymethyl Cellulose to Enhance Optical and Mechanical Properties. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3731-3740. [PMID: 38712827 PMCID: PMC11170952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Interface engineering is essential for cellulosic fiber-reinforced polymer composites to achieve high strength and toughness. In this study, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) functionalized with hydrophobic quaternary ammonium ions (QAs) were utilized to modify the interface between holocellulose fibers (HF) and acrylic resin. The wet HF/CMC papers were prepared by vacuum filtration, akin to papermaking, followed by cationic ion exchange with different hydrophobic QAs. Subsequently, the modified papers were dried, impregnated with an acrylic resin monomer, and cured to produce transparent composite films. The effect of the hydrophobic QA moieties on the structure and optical and mechanical properties of the HF/CMC/acrylic resin composites were investigated. The composite film with cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA)-functionalized CMC showed high optical transmittance (87%) with low haze (43%), while the composite film with phenyltrimethylammonium (PTMA)-functionalized CMC demonstrated high Young's modulus of 7.6 GPa and high tensile strength of 180 MPa. These properties are higher than those of the composites prepared through covalent interfacial modification strategies. The results highlighted the crucial role of hydrophobic functionalized CMCs in facilitating homogeneous resin impregnation in the HF fiber network, producing a composite with enhanced interfacial adhesion strength, increased optical transparency, and mechanical strength. This facile use of hydrophobic CMCs as interfacial compatibilizers provides an energy-efficient route for preparing transparent, thin, and flexible composite films favorable in optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zha
- Division
of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Max Yan
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-114 19, Sweden
| | - Lars A. Berglund
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Qi Zhou
- Division
of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
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3
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Malik H, Niazi MBK, Miran W, Tawfeek AM, Jahan Z, Kamel EM, Ahmed N, Saeed Akhtar M. Algal-based wood as a green and sustainable alternative for environmentally friendly & flexible electronic devices membrane bioreactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139213. [PMID: 37331660 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Electronic are usually constructed from non-renewable, non-biodegradable, and hazardous materials. Due to the frequent upgrading or discarding of electronic devices, which contributes significantly to environmental pollution, there is a high demand for electronics made from renewable and biodegradable materials with less harmful components. To this end, due to their flexibility, strong mechanical, and optical properties, wood-based electronics have become very appealing as substrates especially for flexible electronics and optoelectronics. However, incorporating numerous features including high conductivity and transparency, flexibility, and mechanical robustness into an environmentally friendly electronic device remains very challenging. Herein, authors have provided the techniques used to fabricate sustainable wood based flexible electronics coupled with their chemical, mechanical, optical, thermal, thermomechanical, and surface properties for various applications. Additionally, the synthesis of a conductive ink based on lignin and the development of translucent wood as a substrate are covered. Future developments and broader applications of wood-based flexible materials are discussed in the final section of the study, with an emphasis on their potential in fields including wearable electronics, renewable energy, and biomedical devices. This research improves upon prior efforts by demonstrating new ways to simultaneously attain better mechanical and optical qualities and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hizbullah Malik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Waheed Miran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed M Tawfeek
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaib Jahan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Emadeldin M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Nouman Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed Akhtar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Wang Y, Ge-Zhang S, Mu P, Wang X, Li S, Qiao L, Mu H. Advances in Sol-Gel-Based Superhydrophobic Coatings for Wood: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119675. [PMID: 37298624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As the focus of architecture, furniture, and other fields, wood has attracted extensive attention for its many advantages, such as environmental friendliness and excellent mechanical properties. Inspired by the wetting model of natural lotus leaves, researchers prepared superhydrophobic coatings with strong mechanical properties and good durability on the modified wood surface. The prepared superhydrophobic coating has achieved functions such as oil-water separation and self-cleaning. At present, some methods such as the sol-gel method, the etching method, graft copolymerization, and the layer-by-layer self-assembly method can be used to prepare superhydrophobic surfaces, which are widely used in biology, the textile industry, national defense, the military industry, and many other fields. However, most methods for preparing superhydrophobic coatings on wood surfaces are limited by reaction conditions and process control, with low coating preparation efficiency and insufficiently fine nanostructures. The sol-gel process is suitable for large-scale industrial production due to its simple preparation method, easy process control, and low cost. In this paper, the research progress on wood superhydrophobic coatings is summarized. Taking the sol-gel method with silicide as an example, the preparation methods of superhydrophobic coatings on wood surfaces under different acid-base catalysis processes are discussed in detail. The latest progress in the preparation of superhydrophobic coatings by the sol-gel method at home and abroad is reviewed, and the future development of superhydrophobic surfaces is prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Wang
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shangjie Ge-Zhang
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Pingxuan Mu
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shaoyi Li
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lingling Qiao
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hongbo Mu
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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5
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Yang X, Li L, Nishiyama Y, Reid MS, Berglund LA. Processing strategy for reduced energy demand of nanostructured CNF/clay composites with tailored interfaces. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 312:120788. [PMID: 37059528 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Nacre-mimicking nanocomposites based on colloidal cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and clay nanoparticles show excellent mechanical properties, yet processing typically involves preparation of two colloids followed by a mixing step, which is time- and energy-consuming. In this study, a facile preparation method using low energy kitchen blenders is reported in which CNF disintegration, clay exfoliation and mixing carried out in one step. Compared to composites made from the conventional method, the energy demand is reduced by about 97 %; the composites also show higher strength and work to fracture. Colloidal stability, CNF/clay nanostructure, and CNF/clay orientation are well characterized. The results suggest favorable effects from hemicellulose-rich, negatively charged pulp fibers and corresponding CNFs. CNF disintegration and colloidal stability are facilitated with substantial CNF/clay interfacial interaction. The results show a more sustainable and industrially relevant processing concept for strong CNF/clay nanocomposites.
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6
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Han X, Wang J, Wang J, Ding L, Zhang K, Han J, Jiang S. Micro- and nano-fibrils of manau rattan and solvent-exchange-induced high-haze transparent holocellulose nanofibril film. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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7
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Jiang Y, Zhang M, Weng M, Liu X, Rong X, Huang Q, Chen G, Wang S, Wang L. Hemicellulose-rich transparent wood: Microstructure and macroscopic properties. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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8
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Ban J, Sun K, Yao J, Sunahara G, Hudson-Edwards K, Jordan G, Alakangas L, Ni W, Poon CS. Advances in the use of recycled non-ferrous slag as a resource for non-ferrous metal mine site remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113533. [PMID: 35690086 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The growing global demand for non-ferrous metals has led to serious environmental issues involving uncovered mine site slag dumps that threaten the surrounding soils, surface waters, groundwater, and the atmosphere. Remediation of these slags using substitute cement materials for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and precursors for alkali-activated materials (AAMs) can convert hazardous solid wastes into valuable construction materials, as well as to attain the desired solidification and stabilization (S/S) of heavy metal(loid)s (HM). This review discusses the current research on the effect of non-ferrous slags on the reaction mechanisms of the OPC and AAM. The S/S of HM from the non-ferrous slags in AAM and OPC is also reviewed. HM can be stabilized in these materials based on the complex salt effect and isomorphic effects. The major challenges faced in AAMs and OPC for HM stabilization include the long-term durability of the matrix (e.g., sulfate attack, stability of volume). The existing knowledge gaps and future trends for the sustainable application of non-ferrous slags are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Ban
- School of Water Resource and Environmental, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keke Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Water Resource and Environmental, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Geoffrey Sunahara
- School of Water Resource and Environmental, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Karen Hudson-Edwards
- Environment and Sustainability Institute and Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Gyozo Jordan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Szent István University, Budapest, 1118, Hungary; State Key Laboratory for Environmental Geochemistry, China Academy of Sciences, Guizhou, 550081, China
| | - Lena Alakangas
- Division of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering. Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Wen Ni
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safe of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chi-Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
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9
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Oliaei E, Olsén P, Lindström T, Berglund LA. Highly reinforced and degradable lignocellulose biocomposites by polymerization of new polyester oligomers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5666. [PMID: 36167843 PMCID: PMC9515094 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Unbleached wood fibers and nanofibers are environmentally friendly bio-based candidates for material production, in particular, as reinforcements in polymer matrix biocomposites due to their low density and potential as carbon sink during the materials production phase. However, producing high reinforcement content biocomposites with degradable or chemically recyclable matrices is troublesome. Here, we address this issue with a new concept for facile and scalable in-situ polymerization of polyester matrices based on functionally balanced oligomers in pre-formed lignocellulosic networks. The idea enabled us to create high reinforcement biocomposites with well-dispersed mechanically undamaged fibers or nanocellulose. These degradable biocomposites have much higher mechanical properties than analogs in the literature. Reinforcement geometry (fibers at 30 µm or fibrils at 10–1000 nm diameter) influenced the polymerization and degradation of the polyester matrix. Overall, this work opens up new pathways toward environmentally benign materials in the context of a circular bioeconomy. Cellulose biocomposites from nanocellulose or plant fibers with polymer matrix are often not degradable and suffer from insufficient mechanical properties to replace established materials. Here, the authors demonstrate the fabrication of hydrolytically degradable polymers through in-situ polymerization of new functionally balanced oligomers within high-content lignocellulose reinforcement networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Oliaei
- RISE Bioeconomy and health, Stockholm, Sweden.,Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Olsén
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Lars A Berglund
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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10
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Choi W, Abraham A, Ko J, Son JG, Cho J, Sang BI, Yeom B. Anisotropic Alignment of Bacterial Nanocellulose Ionogels for Unconventionally High Combination of Stiffness and Damping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:30056-30066. [PMID: 35737510 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ionogels are emerging materials for advanced electrochemical devices; however, their mechanical instability to external stresses has raised concerns about their safety. This study reports aligned bacterial nanocellulose (BC) ionogel films swelled with the model ionic liquid (IL) of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMImBF4) for an unprecedented combination of high stiffness and high energy dissipation without significant loss of ionic conductivity. The aligned BC ionogel films are prepared through wet-state stretching methods, followed by drying and swelling by ILs. The aligned ionogel films exhibit significantly improved dynamic mechanical properties, overcoming the mechanical conventional limit of traditional materials by 2.0 times at 25 °C and by a maximum of 4.0 times at 0 °C. Additionally, the same samples exhibit relatively high ionic conductivities of 0.16 mS cm-1 at 20 °C and 0.45 mS cm-1 at 60 °C with storage moduli over 10 GPa. The synergistic effect of the mechanical reinforcements by alignment of the BC nanofibers and the plasticizing effects by ILs could be attributed to the significant enhancement of dynamic mechanical properties and the retention of ionic conductivities. These results will lead to a deeper understanding of the material design for mechanically superior ionogel systems with increasing demands for advanced electronic and electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonseok Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Amith Abraham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkuk Ko
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gon Son
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhan Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-In Sang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjun Yeom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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11
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Singh AK, Itkor P, Lee M, Shin J, Lee YS. Promoting sustainable packaging applications in the circular economy by exploring and advancing molded pulp materials for food products: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11010-11025. [PMID: 35703070 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2088686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Packaging ensures the safe handling and distribution of fresh and processed food products via diverse supply chains, and has become an indispensable component of the food industry. However, the rapidly expanding use of plastics, especially single-use plastics, as packaging material leads to inadequate waste management, littering, and consequently serious environmental damage, which predominantly affects marine and freshwater sources. Thus, the use of plastics for packaging purposes has become a major public concern and hence a concern among global policymakers. Notably, 26% of the total volume of global plastic production is primarily used for packaging, of which single-use plastics account for 50%, resulting in pollution that may last hundreds of years. This review provides an overview of the manner in which molded pulp products can be utilized to improve sustainability of food packaging applications, by highlighting the manufacturing processes, signifying characteristics features of recyclable molded pulp, and coupling circularity with eco-friendly and safe food product packaging. In this regard, current concepts advocate the implementation of a dynamic and sustainable approach using molded pulp products. This approach encompasses the design and production of eco-friendly packaging, distribution and consumption of packaged products, and collection and recycling of used packaging for subsequent reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pontree Itkor
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Myungho Lee
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Joongmin Shin
- Industrial Technology and Packaging, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
| | - Youn Suk Lee
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
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12
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Molded fiber and pulp products as green and sustainable alternatives to plastics: A mini review. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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13
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Dislaire C, Seantier B, Muzy M, Grohens Y. Mechanical and Hygroscopic Properties of Molded Pulp Products Using Different Wood-Based Cellulose Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193225. [PMID: 34641043 PMCID: PMC8512325 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increasing interest for molded pulp product (MPP) in the industry, it is important to fully understand how the manufacturing process is different from papermaking. One specific way to differentiate the processes is to compare their resulting products. As the paper industry uses several wood fibers with various pulping processes, it is interesting to compare some of these fibers, to further progress our understanding of the MPP process. In this study, six different wood fibers were used (as received) and analyzed to obtain the sample with the lowest moisture uptake and highest tensile properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and fiber analysis module (MorFi) observations were performed, as well as moisture uptake measurements after sorption and tensile tests. We observed significant differences between the fibers tested. Kraft fibers (bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSKP), bleached hardwood kraft pulp (BHKP), and unbleached softwood kraft pulp (USKP)) showed smoother surfaces and less non-cellulosic molecules, such as hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin, in the SEM images. Bleached chemi-thermomechanial pulp (BCTMP) and recycled pulps (R-NPM and R-CBB) both showed non-cellulosic molecules and rougher surfaces. These results were confirmed with the FTIR analysis. With kraft fibers, MPP mechanical properties were lower than non-kraft fibers. Resulting moisture uptake is in between the recycled fibers (lowest moisture uptake) and BCTMP (highest moisture uptake). The removal of non-cellulosic molecules reduces the mechanical properties of the resulting MPP. The incorporation of non-wood molecules, as found in recycled fibers, also reduces the mechanical properties, as well as moisture uptake, when compared with BCTMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Dislaire
- Univ Bretagne Sud, CNRS, UMR 6027, IRDL, 56100 Lorient, France; (C.D.); (Y.G.)
- Ecofeutre, Rue des Sports, ZA de Kerivan, 56550 Evellys, France;
| | - Bastien Seantier
- Univ Bretagne Sud, CNRS, UMR 6027, IRDL, 56100 Lorient, France; (C.D.); (Y.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marion Muzy
- Ecofeutre, Rue des Sports, ZA de Kerivan, 56550 Evellys, France;
| | - Yves Grohens
- Univ Bretagne Sud, CNRS, UMR 6027, IRDL, 56100 Lorient, France; (C.D.); (Y.G.)
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14
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Hydrogen-Bonding-Aided Fabrication of Wood Derived Cellulose Scaffold/Aramid Nanofiber into High-Performance Bulk Material. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185444. [PMID: 34576668 PMCID: PMC8469447 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Preparing a lightweight yet high-strength bio-based structural material with sustainability and recyclability is highly desirable in advanced applications for architecture, new energy vehicles and spacecraft. In this study, we combined cellulose scaffold and aramid nanofiber (ANF) into a high-performance bulk material. Densification of cellulose microfibers containing ANF and hydrogen bonding between cellulose microfibers and ANF played a crucial role in enhanced physical and mechanical properties of the hybrid material. The prepared material showed excellent tensile strength (341.7 MPa vs. 57.0 MPa for natural wood), toughness (4.4 MJ/m3 vs. 0.4 MJ/m3 for natural wood) and Young’s modulus (24.7 GPa vs. 7.2 GPa for natural wood). Furthermore, due to low density, this material exhibited a superior specific strength of 285 MPa·cm3·g−1, which is remarkably higher than some traditional building materials, such as concrete, alloys. In addition, the cellulose scaffold was infiltrated with ANFs, which also improved the thermal stability of the hybrid material. The facile and top-down process is effective and scalable, and also allows one to fully utilize cellulose scaffolds to fabricate all kinds of advanced bio-based materials.
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15
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Yang X, Berglund LA. Structural and Ecofriendly Holocellulose Materials from Wood: Microscale Fibers and Nanoscale Fibrils. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2001118. [PMID: 32573855 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mildly delignified wood holocellulose fibers show well-preserved cellulose nanofibril (CNF) structure in the fiber cell wall. Fibers, paper, biocomposites, and compression-molded fiber materials demonstrate excellent mechanical properties. Here, wood holocellulose fibers and corresponding CNFs are discussed with respect to nanostructure, mechanical performance, and advanced materials potential. Functionalization routes are discussed, as well as materials selection, nanoscience of recycling, and the embodied energy in cellulosic candidates for multifunctional structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Lars A Berglund
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-10044, Sweden
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16
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Yang X, Jungstedt E, Reid MS, Berglund LA. Polymer Films from Cellulose Nanofibrils—Effects from Interfibrillar Interphase on Mechanical Behavior. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University—Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, P.R. China
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Erik Jungstedt
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Michael S. Reid
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Lars A. Berglund
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
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17
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Lee K, Jeon Y, Kim D, Kwon G, Kim UJ, Hong C, Choung JW, You J. Double-crosslinked cellulose nanofiber based bioplastic films for practical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117817. [PMID: 33712161 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While green bioplastic based on carbohydrate polymers have showed considerable promise, the methods typically used to prepare them in a single material have remained a significant challenge. In this study, a simple approach is proposed to fabricate high performance cellulose films composed of chemically and physically dual-crosslinked 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (DC TEMPO-CNFs). The hydroxyl groups of TEMPO-CNF suspensions were firstly crosslinked chemically with epichlorohydrin (ECH), and subsequently TEMPO-CNF matrices were crosslinked physically via the strong electrostatic interaction between carboxylate and Ca2+ ions. It was found that the optimized DC TEMPO-CNF films exhibit a good transmittance (90 %) and a high tensile strength (303 MPa). Furthermore, these DC TEMPO-CNF films revealed superior thermal stability and excellent water resistance compared to neat TEMPO-CNF films without crosslinked domains. We believe that these results will pave the way to preparing practical polysaccharide bioplastics with simple, environmentally-friendly manufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyun Lee
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, South Korea
| | - Youngho Jeon
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, South Korea
| | - Dabum Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, South Korea
| | - Goomin Kwon
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, South Korea
| | - Ung-Jin Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, South Korea
| | - Chaehwan Hong
- Research & Development Division, Hyundai Motors, Uiwang-Si, Gyeonggi-do 437-85, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choung
- Research & Development Division, Hyundai Motors, Uiwang-Si, Gyeonggi-do 437-85, South Korea
| | - Jungmok You
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, South Korea.
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18
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Wang X, Shan S, Shi SQ, Zhang Y, Cai L, Smith LM. Optically Transparent Bamboo with High Strength and Low Thermal Conductivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1662-1669. [PMID: 33378152 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to convert bamboo into a transparent material with great optical transmittance and good strength. Bamboo has a much faster regeneration rate than wood, but its high density and high extractive content make it challenging to produce transparent products. This study presents a simple and effective approach that could address this challenge. Pretreatment of bamboo with low concentration sodium hydroxide greatly improved the preparation efficiency of transparent bamboo. The transparent bamboo with a thickness of 1 mm and cellulose volume fraction of 22% made from the pretreated bamboo exhibited an improved total optical transmissivity up to 80%, which was 60% higher than that of untreated bamboo. Compared to transparent wood (TW), although the transmissivity of transparent bamboo was slightly lower, its mechanical strength was almost doubled. Besides, the developed transparent bamboo exhibited a low heat conductivity of 0.203 W m-1 K-1, being about 10% lower than that of TW (0.225 W m-1 K-1) and approximately 80% lower than that of common glass material (0.974 W m-1 K-1). The transparent bamboo would significantly enhance energy-saving performance, being a promising alternative to traditional glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Shuya Shan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Sheldon Q Shi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Yaoli Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P. R. China
| | - Liping Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Lee M Smith
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
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19
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Liang Q, Zhang D, Ji P, Sheng N, Zhang M, Wu Z, Chen S, Wang H. High-Strength Superstretchable Helical Bacterial Cellulose Fibers with a "Self-Fiber-Reinforced Structure". ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1545-1554. [PMID: 33377390 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a hydrogel membrane grown on the gas-liquid interface by bacterial culture that can be industrialized, bacterial cellulose (BC) cannot give full play to the advantages of its natural nanofibers. Conversion to the properties of nanofibers from high-performance to macrofibers represents a difficult material engineering challenge. Herein, we construct high-strength BC macrofibers with a "self-fiber-reinforced structure" using a dry-wet spinning method by adjusting the BC dissolution and concentration. The macrofiber with a tensile strength of 649 MPa and a strain of 17.2% can be obtained, which is one of the strongest and toughest cellulose fibers. In addition, the macrofiber can be fabricated to a superstretchable helical fiber without adding other elastomers or auxiliary materials. When the helical diameter is 1.6 mm, the ultimate stretch reaches 1240%. Meanwhile, cyclic tests show that the mechanical properties and morphology of the fiber remained stable after 100 times of 100% cyclic stretching. It is exciting that the helical fiber also owns outstanding knittability, washability, scalability, and dyeability. Furthermore, superstretchable functional helical BC fibers can be fabricated by embedding functional materials (carbon materials, conductive polymers, etc.) on BC or in the spinning dope, which can be made to wearable devices such as fiber solid-state supercapacitors. This work provides a scalable way for high-strength superstretchable and multifunctional fibers applied in wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Peng Ji
- Co-Innovation Center for Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Nan Sheng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Zhuotong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Huaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
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20
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Höglund M, Johansson M, Sychugov I, Berglund LA. Transparent Wood Biocomposites by Fast UV-Curing for Reduced Light-Scattering through Wood/Thiol-ene Interface Design. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46914-46922. [PMID: 32996762 PMCID: PMC7564099 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Transparent wood (TW) is an interesting polymer biocomposite with potential for buildings and photonics applications. TW materials need to be eco-friendly and readily processed with few defects, for high optical transmittance and low transmission scattering at wide angles (haze). Two wood templates with different lignin-content are impregnated with a new thiol-ene thermoset system. The more eco-friendly bleached wood template results in transparent wood with high optical transmission and much reduced transmission haze, due to strong reduction of interfacial air gaps. Characterization includes template composition, thiol-ene distribution, and polymerization in wood cell wall by EDX and confocal Raman microscopy, also NMR and DSC, tensile testing and FE-SEM fractography for morphology and wood/thiol-ene interface adhesion assessment. The wood template is a true nanocomposite with thiol-ene polymer located inside the nanoporous wood cell wall. Advanced TW applications require not only appropriate wood template modification and careful polymer matrix selection but also tailoring of the process to impregnation and polymerization mechanisms, in order to reduce optical defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Höglund
- Department of Fibre
and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Johansson
- Department of Fibre
and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilya Sychugov
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars A. Berglund
- Department of Fibre
and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- E-mail:
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21
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MXene/wood-derived hierarchical cellulose scaffold composite with superior electromagnetic shielding. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 254:117033. [PMID: 33357838 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic-interference (EMI) shielding materials that are green, lightweight, and with high mechanical properties need to be urgently developed to address increasingly severe radiation pollution. However, limited EMI shielding materials are successfully used in practical applications, due to the intensive energy consumption or the absence of sufficient strength. Herein, an environmentally friendly and effective method was proved to fabricate wood-based composites with high mechanical robustness and EMI shielding performance by a MXene/cellulose scaffold assembly strategy. The lignocellulose composites with a millimeter-thick mimic the "mortar-brick" layered structure, resulting in excellent mechanical properties that can achieve the compressive strength of 288 MPa and EMI shielding effectiveness of 39.3 dB. This "top-down" method provides an alternative for the efficient production of robust and sustainable EMI shielding materials that can be used in the fields of structural materials for next-generation communications and electronic devices.
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22
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Bandi R, Alle M, Park CW, Han SY, Kwon GJ, Kim JC, Lee SH. Rapid synchronous synthesis of Ag nanoparticles and Ag nanoparticles/holocellulose nanofibrils: Hg(II) detection and dye discoloration. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 240:116356. [PMID: 32475600 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel microwave-assisted green method that synchronously synthesizes silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AgNPs decorated holocellulose nanofibrils (AgNPs/HCNF) within a minute and without using a reducing agent is reported. As obtained nanomaterials were well characterized using various analytical techniques. AgNPs applied as a colorimetric probe for the selective recognition of Hg(II) (linear range 10-200 μg L-1, detection limit 1.16 μg L-1). The probe was able to quantify Hg(II) in spiked tap, bore, and lake water samples and paper strips were developed to facilitate the onsite detection. Furthermore, freeze-drying of the AgNPs/HCNF nanocomposite produced aerogel that served as an excellent catalyst for the reduction of Congo red and methylene blue. The aerogel was easily recovered and reused without a decrease in activity or deterioration of its structure for five cycles. These results indicate the great potential of the AgNPs/HCNF aerogel for waste water treatment and catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Bandi
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Madhusudhan Alle
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Woo Park
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Yi Han
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu-Joong Kwon
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Kangwon Institute of Inclusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Samyn P. Engineering the Cellulose Fiber Interface in a Polymer Composite by Mussel-Inspired Adhesive Nanoparticles with Intrinsic Stress-Sensitive Responsivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28819-28830. [PMID: 32515574 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The interface between the fiber and matrix plays a key role in polymer composite performance and is adapted by chemical modification of the fiber surface. In this study, biomimetic adhesive nanoparticles formed by the self-assembly of polymer-peptide amphiphiles with a polydiacetelyene tail and local presentation of 3-hydroxyphenylalanine or DOPA adhesive groups at the outer surface are adsorbed on cellulose fiber surfaces for (i) probing the nanoscale adhesion in combination with a functionalized atomic force microscopy tip and (ii) evaluating the macroscale adhesion by single-fiber pull out tests from a solvent cast cellulose/poly(methyl methacrylate) composite. The interface properties are altered by changing the structure of the nanoparticles into either vesicular or planar shapes depending on the number of incorporated amphiphiles with adhesive groups and the nanoparticle concentration at the cellulose fiber surface. Based on nanoscale adhesive measurements, the adhesion force on modified cellulose fibers increases as a function of the nanoparticle concentration and is higher for the vesicular than for the planar nanoparticle structures. However, the local presentation and number of adhesive groups seems to rule over the surface roughness effects. From macrosale tests, an optimum concentration of adhesive vesicles provides maximum interface strength, while the formation of nanoparticle multilayers at higher concentrations results in lower interface adhesion. In addition, the intrinsic fluorescent properties of the adhesive vesicles under mechanical stress provide a unique tool to evaluate local failure and stress concentrations in the fiber/matrix interface. The incorporation of both adhesive and sensitive properties and versatility of the adhesive functional group may be an attractive strategy for the surface modification of fiber-reinforced composites in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Samyn
- Institute for Materials Research, Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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24
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Liu J, Yu P, Wang D, Chen Z, Cui Q, Hu B, Zhang D, Li Y, Chu H, Li J. Wood-Derived Hybrid Scaffold with Highly Anisotropic Features on Mechanics and Liquid Transport toward Cell Migration and Alignment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:17957-17966. [PMID: 32196310 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fantastic structures in nature have inspired much incredible research. Wood, a typical model of anisotropy and hierarchy, has been widely investigated for its mechanical properties and water extraction abilities, although applications in biological areas remain challenging. Delignified wood composite with in situ deposited hydroxyapatite (HAp) and infiltrated polycaprolactone (PCL) is hereby fabricated in an attempt to mimic natural bone. The inherent structure and properties of wood are carefully preserved during the fabrication, showing anisotropic mechanical properties in the radial direction (420 MPa) and longitudinal direction (20 MPa). In addition, it also performs directional liquid transport, effectively inducing the migration and alignment of cells to simulate the uniform seeding behavior of various cells in natural bone. Moreover, the synergistic effect of blended HAp and PCL largely promotes cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, providing a promising candidate for bone regeneration materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dingqian Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhuoxin Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qinke Cui
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bohan Hu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dongyue Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hetao Chu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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25
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Gorur YC, Larsson PA, Wågberg L. Self-Fibrillating Cellulose Fibers: Rapid In Situ Nanofibrillation to Prepare Strong, Transparent, and Gas Barrier Nanopapers. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1480-1488. [PMID: 32167304 PMCID: PMC7307884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cellulose nanofibrils
(CNFs) prepared from wood biomass are promising
candidates to replace oil-based materials in, for example, packaging
applications. However, CNFs’ affinity for water combined with
their small size leads to very slow and energy-demanding processes
for handling and removal of water. To a large extent, this is the
major roadblock that prevents a feasible production of dry CNF-based
materials on an industrial scale. In this work, self-fibrillating
fibers (SFFs) from wood, where the fibrils can be liberated by external
stimuli, were prepared via sequential TEMPO and periodate oxidation
reactions. Papers made from these modified fibers using conventional
laboratory papermaking methods were then in situ nanofibrillated via
a modest pH increase. With a dewatering time of less than 10 s for
a 3 g/L dispersion, SFFs represent a major improvement over conventional
CNF nanopapers that take approximately 6 h to dewater. Moreover, 100
g/m2 nanopapers obtained through in situ fibrillation exhibited
comparable, if not superior, properties to those reported for conventionally
made CNF films. A tensile strength of 184 MPa, a Young’s modulus
of 5.2 GPa, a strain at break of 4.6%, 90% optical transmittance,
and an oxygen permeability of 0.7 cm3 μm m–2 d–1 kPa–1 at 50% RH were measured
for SFF nanopapers. Furthermore, in situ nanofibrillation of the SFFs
can also be achieved from already dried papers, facilitating numerous
possibilities in terms of logistics and handling for an industrial
scale-up and transportation of nanomaterials. Overall, stimuli-induced
SFFs indeed enable a rapid production of strong, transparent, gas
barrier nanopapers, which likely can be industrially scaled up and
eventually compete with the oil-based plastics in the market for packaging
materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Can Gorur
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per A Larsson
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Yang X, Reid MS, Olsén P, Berglund LA. Eco-Friendly Cellulose Nanofibrils Designed by Nature: Effects from Preserving Native State. ACS NANO 2020; 14:724-735. [PMID: 31886646 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) show high modulus and strength and are already used in industrial applications. Mechanical properties of neat CNF films or CNF-polymer matrix nanocomposites are usually much better than for polymer matrix composite films reinforced by clay, graphene, graphene oxide, or carbon nanotubes. In order to obtain small CNF diameter and colloidal stability, chemical modification has so far been necessary, but this increases cost and reduces eco-friendly attributes. In this study, an unmodified holocellulose CNF (Holo-CNF) with small diameter is obtained from mildly peracetic acid delignified wood fibers. CNF is readily defibrillated by low-energy kitchen blender processing. The hemicellulose coating on individual fibrils in the wood plant cell wall is largely preserved in Holo-CNF. This "native" CNF shows well-preserved native fibril structure in terms of length (∼2.1 μm), diameter (<5 nm), high crystallinity, high cellulose molar mass, electronegative charge, and limited mechanical processing damage. The hemicellulose coating contributes mechanical properties and high optical transmittance for CNF nanopaper, which can otherwise only be achieved with chemically modified CNFs. The CNF nanopaper shows superior mechanical properties with a Young's modulus of 21 GPa and an ultimate strength of 320 MPa. Moreover, hemicellulose imparts recyclability from the dried state. Altogether, this native CNF represents a class of colloidally stable, eco-friendly, low-cost CNF of small diameter for large-scale applications of nanopaper and nanomaterials.
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27
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Janakiram S, Yu X, Ansaloni L, Dai Z, Deng L. Manipulation of Fibril Surfaces in Nanocellulose-Based Facilitated Transport Membranes for Enhanced CO 2 Capture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:33302-33313. [PMID: 31411852 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The transition toward sustainable processing entails the use of biobased alternatives as functional materials to reduce the overall carbon footprint. Nanocellulose, due to its natural availability, biodegradability, excellent mechanical properties, tunable surface, and high aspect ratio, is attracting more and more interest as a nanoscale additive in polymeric membranes. In this work, an effective way to modify nanocellulose fibril surfaces for performance enhancement in CO2 separation membranes has been demonstrated. The functionalization promptly triggered intrinsic property responses in favor of nanofiber dispersion and CO2 transport. Thin composite membranes containing the modified nanofibers in water-swelling poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as well as in the blend of sterically hindered polyallylamine (SHPAA) and PVA were fabricated and tested using humid gas permeation tests. Defect-free ultrathin (300 nm) hybrid selective layers containing evenly distributed nanofibers were successfully coated. The addition of nanocellulose exhibited enhanced CO2 permeance and CO2/N2 selectivity compared to those of the neat PVA membranes. CO2 permeance up to 652 GPU and a CO2/N2 selectivity of 41.3 with SHPAA/PVA blend were documented. Functionalization plays a categorical role in the dispersion of nanocellulose fibrils in the SHPAA/PVA blend, increasing the steric stabilization and interface compatibility with the polymer matrix. The tuned interface with PEG groups act as sites for water clusters retention and increased CO2 solubility, thus creating fast diffusion pathways for CO2 transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Janakiram
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim NO-7491 , Norway
| | - Xinyi Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim NO-7491 , Norway
| | - Luca Ansaloni
- Department of Sustainable Energy Technology , SINTEF Industry , 0373 Oslo , Norway
| | - Zhongde Dai
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim NO-7491 , Norway
| | - Liyuan Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim NO-7491 , Norway
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