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Shao W, He T, Wang L, Wang JX, Zhou Y, Shao B, Ugur E, Wu W, Zhang Z, Liang H, De Wolf S, Bakr OM, Mohammed OF. Capillary Manganese Halide Needle-Like Array Scintillator with Isolated Light Crosstalk for Micro-X-Ray Imaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312053. [PMID: 38340045 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The exacerbation of inherent light scattering with increasing scintillator thickness poses a major challenge for balancing the thickness-dependent spatial resolution and scintillation brightness in X-ray imaging scintillators. Herein, a thick pixelated needle-like array scintillator capable of micrometer resolution is fabricated via waveguide structure engineering. Specifically, this involves integrating a straightforward low-temperature melting process of manganese halide with an aluminum-clad capillary template. In this waveguide structure, the oriented scintillation photons propagate along the well-aligned scintillator and are confined within individual pixels by the aluminum reflective cladding, as substantiated from the comprehensive analysis including laser diffraction experiments. Consequently, thanks to isolated light-crosstalk channels and robust light output due to increased thickness, ultrahigh spatial resolutions of 60.8 and 51.7 lp mm-1 at a modulation transfer function (MTF) of 0.2 are achieved on 0.5 mm and even 1 mm thick scintillators, respectively, which both exceed the pore diameter of the capillary arrays' template (Φ = 10 µm). As far as it is known, these micrometer resolutions are among the highest reported metal halide scintillators and are never demonstrated on such thick scintillators. Here an avenue is presented to the demand for thick scintillators in high-resolution X-ray imaging across diverse scientific and practical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Shao
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- School of Microelectronics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Tengyue He
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lijie Wang
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jian-Xin Wang
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yang Zhou
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bingyao Shao
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma Ugur
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wentao Wu
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- School of Microelectronics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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2
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Cova F, Erroi A, Zaffalon ML, Cemmi A, Di Sarcina I, Perego J, Monguzzi A, Comotti A, Rossi F, Carulli F, Brovelli S. Scintillation Properties of CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals Prepared by Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation and Dual Effect of Polyacrylate Encapsulation toward Scalable Ultrafast Radiation Detectors. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:905-913. [PMID: 38197790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP-NCs) embedded in polymeric hosts are gaining attention as scalable and low-cost scintillation detectors for technologically relevant applications. Despite rapid progress, little is currently known about the scintillation properties and stability of LHP-NCs prepared by the ligand assisted reprecipitation (LARP) method, which allows mass scalability at room temperature unmatched by any other type of nanostructure, and the implications of incorporating LHP-NCs into polyacrylate hosts are still largely debated. Here, we show that LARP-synthesized CsPbBr3 NCs are comparable to particles from hot-injection routes and unravel the dual effect of polyacrylate incorporation, where the partial degradation of LHP-NCs luminescence is counterbalanced by the passivation of electron-poor defects by the host acrylic groups. Experiments on NCs with tailored surface defects show that the balance between such antithetical effects of polymer embedding is determined by the surface defect density of the NCs and provide guidelines for further material optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cova
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano─Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Erroi
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano─Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo L Zaffalon
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano─Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessia Cemmi
- ENEA Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, ENEA Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Sarcina
- ENEA Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, ENEA Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano─Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Angelo Monguzzi
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano─Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano─Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- IMEM-CNR Institute, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Carulli
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano─Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Brovelli
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano─Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
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3
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Xu X, Xie YM, Shi H, Wang Y, Zhu X, Li BX, Liu S, Chen B, Zhao Q. Light Management of Metal Halide Scintillators for High-Resolution X-Ray Imaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2303738. [PMID: 38009773 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The ever-growing need to inspect matter with hyperfine structures requires a revolution in current scintillation detectors, and the innovation of scintillators is revived with luminescent metal halides entering the scene. Notably, for any scintillator, two fundamental issues arise: Which kind of material is suitable and in what form should the material exist? The answer to the former question involves the sequence of certain atoms into specific crystal structures that facilitate the conversion of X-ray into light, whereas the answer to the latter involves assembling these crystallites into particular material forms that can guide light propagation toward its corresponding pixel detector. Despite their equal importance, efforts are overwhelmingly devoted to improving the X-ray-to-light conversion, while the material-form-associated light propagation, which determines the optical signal collected for X-ray imaging, is largely overlooked. This perspective critically correlates the reported spatial resolution with the light-propagation behavior in each form of metal halides, combing the designing rules for their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Xu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Min Xie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Huaiyao Shi
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yongquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Xiang Li
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Bing Chen
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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He X, Deng Y, Ouyang D, Zhang N, Wang J, Murthy AA, Spanopoulos I, Islam SM, Tu Q, Xing G, Li Y, Dravid VP, Zhai T. Recent Development of Halide Perovskite Materials and Devices for Ionizing Radiation Detection. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1207-1261. [PMID: 36728153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation such as X-rays and γ-rays has been extensively studied and used in various fields such as medical imaging, radiographic nondestructive testing, nuclear defense, homeland security, and scientific research. Therefore, the detection of such high-energy radiation with high-sensitivity and low-cost-based materials and devices is highly important and desirable. Halide perovskites have emerged as promising candidates for radiation detection due to the large light absorption coefficient, large resistivity, low leakage current, high mobility, and simplicity in synthesis and processing as compared with commercial silicon (Si) and amorphous selenium (a-Se). In this review, we provide an extensive overview of current progress in terms of materials development and corresponding device architectures for radiation detection. We discuss the properties of a plethora of reported compounds involving organic-inorganic hybrid, all-inorganic, all-organic perovskite and antiperovskite structures, as well as the continuous breakthroughs in device architectures, performance, and environmental stability. We focus on the critical advancements of the field in the past few years and we provide valuable insight for the development of next-generation materials and devices for radiation detection and imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Decai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Akshay A Murthy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Ioannis Spanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida33620, United States
| | - Saiful M Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi39217, United States
| | - Qing Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77840, United States
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao, SAR999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
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5
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Shao W, Zhu G, Wang X, Zhang Z, Lv H, Deng W, Zhang X, Liang H. Highly Efficient, Flexible, and Eco-Friendly Manganese(II) Halide Nanocrystal Membrane with Low Light Scattering for High-Resolution X-ray Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:932-941. [PMID: 36592377 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Scintillators enable invisible X-ray to be converted into ultraviolet (UV)/visible light that can be collected using a sensor array and is the core component of the X-ray imaging system. However, combining the excellent properties of high light output, high spatial resolution, flexibility, non-toxicity, and cost effectiveness into a single X-ray scintillator remains a great challenge. Herein, a novel scintillator based on benzyltriphenylphosphonium manganese(II) bromide (BTP2MnBr4) nanocrystal (NC) membranes was developed by the in situ fabrication strategy. The long Mn-Mn distance provided by the large BTP cation allows the nonradiative energy dissipation in this manganese(II) halide to be significantly suppressed. As a result, the flexible BTP2MnBr4 NC scintillator shows an excellent linear response to the X-ray dose rate, a high light yield of ∼71,000 photon/MeV, a low detection limit of 86.2 nGyair/s at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, a strong radiation hardness, and a long-term thermal stability. Thanks to the low Rayleigh scattering associated with the dense distribution of nanometer-scale emitters, light cross-talk in X-ray imaging is greatly suppressed. The impressively high-spatial resolution X-ray imaging (23.8 lp/mm at modulation transfer function = 0.2 and >20 lp/mm for a standard pattern chart) was achieved on this scintillator. Moreover, well-resolved 3D dynamic rendering X-ray projections were also successfully demonstrated using this scintillator. These results shed light on designing efficient, flexible, and eco-friendly scintillators for high-resolution X-ray imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Shao
- School of Microelectronics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Guoyang Zhu
- School of Microelectronics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing102206, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Haocheng Lv
- School of Microelectronics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Weibo Deng
- School of Microelectronics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing102206, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- School of Microelectronics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
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6
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Zhao J, Wang X, Xu Y, Pan Y, Li Y, Chen J, Li Q, Zhang X, Zhu Z, Zhao Z, Elemike EE, Onwudiwe DC, Bae BS, Shafie SB, Lei W. Electrically Modulated Near-Infrared/Visible Light Dual-Mode Perovskite Photodetectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:25824-25833. [PMID: 35612489 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dual-mode photodetectors (PDs) have attracted increasing interest owing to their potential optoelectrical applications. However, the widespread use of PDs is still limited by the high cost of epitaxial semiconductors. In contrast, the solution processability and wide spectral tunability of perovskites have led to the development of various inexpensive and high-performance optoelectronic devices. In this study, we develop a high-performance electronically modulated dual-mode PD with near-infrared (NIR) narrowband and visible light broadband detection based on organic-inorganic hybrid methylammonium lead halide perovskite (MAPbX3; MA = CH3NH3 and X = Cl, Br, and I) single crystals with a pnp configuration. The operating mode of the dual-mode PD can be switched according to voltage bias polarity because the photon absorption region and carrier transport performance are tuned at different bias voltages. The dual-mode PD exhibits a NIR light responsivity of 0.244 A/W and a narrow full width at half-maximum of ∼12 nm at 820 nm at positive voltages and an average visible light responsivity of ∼0.13 A/W at negative voltages. The detectivities of both modes are high (∼1012 Jones), and the linear dynamic range is wide (>100 dB). Our study provides a new method for fabricating multifunctional PDs and can expand their application in integrated imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingda Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yubing Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuzhu Pan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qing Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhuoya Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Elias Emeka Elemike
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural, Science, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Damian C Onwudiwe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural, Science, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Byung Seong Bae
- Department of Electronics & Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Hoseo Ro 79, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
| | - Suhaidi Bin Shafie
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wei Lei
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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7
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Li Y, Chen L, Gao R, Liu B, Zheng W, Zhu Y, Ruan J, Ouyang X, Xu Q. Nanosecond and Highly Sensitive Scintillator Based on All-Inorganic Perovskite Single Crystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1489-1495. [PMID: 34962385 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The scintillator is a unique class of luminescent materials, which is of great significance in clinical diagnosis, security inspection, and radiation detection. Herein, an all-inorganic Cs4PbI6 single crystals (SCs) as a nanosecond and an efficient X-ray and α particle scintillator is described. The radioluminescence (RL) spectrum of Cs4PbI6 SCs under X-ray excitation consists of a band gap emission at 310 nm and a broadband emission at 552 nm at room temperature. Furthermore, Cs4PbI6 SCs demonstrate nanosecond decay times of 0.95 and 6.86 ns, a high sensitivity to low-energy X-ray (30 keV) with a low detection limit (187 nGyair/s), and a favorable linearity detection range, potentially enabling their broad application in X-ray imaging. Under 237Np α particle irradiation, the light yield of Cs4PbI6 SCs is about 49.5% of that of a BGO scintillator with an energy resolution of 35% at 4.78 MeV. Our results demonstrate the potential of Cs4PbI6 SCs as a nanosecond and low-cost scintillator in radiation detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Runlong Gao
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Material, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanming Zhu
- School of Material, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jinlu Ruan
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
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8
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Li C, Zhou S, Nie J, Huang J, Ouyang X, Xu Q. Durable Flexible Polymer-Encapsulated Cs 4PbI 6 Thin Film for High Sensitivity X-ray Detection. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:10279-10283. [PMID: 34851648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because of the extraordinary properties including high atomic numbers and large μτ products, metal halide perovskites have been widely employed and used for radiation detecting. Cs4PbI6 material has a high X-ray attenuation coefficient and excellent electrical properties that have a good potential in X-ray detection applications. Here, we have designed a flexible polymer-encapsulated Au/Cs4PbI6/Au X-ray detector with outstanding sensitivity of 256.20 μC Gy-1 cm-2 irradiated by 30 keV X-ray at 10 V bias, long-time stability, and durable flexibility without obvious degradation after bending for 600 cycles. These features demonstrate that this polymer-encapsulated durable flexible and sensitive X-ray detector could open a new possibility for next-generation radiation applications in dosimeter, imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Controllable Neutron Source, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
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9
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Moseley ODI, Doherty TAS, Parmee R, Anaya M, Stranks SD. Halide perovskites scintillators: unique promise and current limitations. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2021; 9:11588-11604. [PMID: 34671480 PMCID: PMC8444306 DOI: 10.1039/d1tc01595h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of X- and gamma-rays in a range of sectors including healthcare, security and industrial screening is underpinned by the efficient detection of the ionising radiation. Such detector applications are dominated by indirect detectors in which a scintillating material is combined with a photodetector. Halide perovskites have recently emerged as an interesting class of semiconductors, showing enormous promise in optoelectronic applications including solar cells, light-emitting diodes and photodetectors. Here, we discuss how the same superior semiconducting properties that have catalysed their rapid development in these optoelectronic devices, including high photon attenuation and fast and efficient emission properties, also make them promising scintillator materials. By outlining the key mechanisms of their operation as scintillators, we show why reports of remarkable performance have already emerged, and describe how further learning from other optoelectronic devices will propel forward their applications as scintillators. Finally, we outline where these materials can make the greatest impact in detector applications by maximally exploiting their unique properties, leading to dramatic improvements in existing detection systems or introducing entirely new functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D I Moseley
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Tiarnan A S Doherty
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Richard Parmee
- Cheyney Design and Development, Ltd., Litlington Cambridge SG8 0SS UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
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10
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A Review on X-ray Excited Emission Decay Dynamics in Inorganic Scintillator Materials. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8030071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Scintillator materials convert high-energy radiation into photons in the ultraviolet to visible light region for radiation detection. In this review, advances in X-ray emission dynamics of inorganic scintillators are presented, including inorganic halides (alkali-metal halides, alkaline-earth halides, rare-earth halides, oxy-halides, rare-earth oxyorthosilicates, halide perovskites), oxides (binary oxides, complex oxides, post-transition metal oxides), sulfides, rare-earth doped scintillators, and organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators. The origin of scintillation is strongly correlated to the host material and dopants. Current models are presented describing the scintillation decay lifetime of inorganic materials, with the emphasis on the short-lived scintillation decay component. The whole charge generation and the de-excitation process are analyzed in general, and an essential role of the decay kinetics is the de-excitation process. We highlighted three decay mechanisms in cross luminescence emission, exitonic emission, and dopant-activated emission, respectively. Factors regulating the origin of different luminescence centers controlling the decay process are discussed.
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11
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Xu Q, Li C, Nie J, Guo Y, Wang X, Zhang B, Ouyang X. Highly Sensitive and Stable X-ray Detector Based on a 0D Structural Cs 4PbI 6 Single Crystal. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:287-293. [PMID: 33337893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite single crystals with a high X-ray stopping power and large μτ product have been successfully used for X-ray detection. However, poor air stability and ionic migration lead to the degradation of the devices for long-term operations. Here, we report a solution-processed lead 0D bulk Cs4PbI6 single crystal, which have I atoms in isolated [PbI6]4-. This 0D Cs4PbI6 single crystal has a μτ product of 9.7 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 and an activation energy of 321.28 meV. We have fabricated a photoconductor device with a symmetric Au/Cs4PbI6/Au sandwich structure, which exhibits a high sensitivity of 451.49 μC Gy-1 cm-2 under 30 keV X-ray irradiation at an applied voltage of 30 V. After storing the device in air at room temperature for three months, the device retains nearly the same sensitivity as the original. These results demonstrate that this 0D Cs4PbI6 perovskite single crystal has great potential for practical X-ray detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Bohao Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Controllable Neutron Source, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, China
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12
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Liu J, Hei D, Xu Q, Tan X, Ruan J, Ouyang X, Nie J, Wei K, Xu Q, Sun B. Low temperature scintillation performance of a Br-doped CH 3NH 3PbCl 3 single-crystalline perovskite. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2020-2024. [PMID: 35424162 PMCID: PMC8693645 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06860h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Time response and light yield are two of the most important features of a scintillation detector, and are mostly determined by the luminescence properties of the scintillator. Here we have investigated the radioluminescence (RL) characteristics of a single-crystalline hybrid lead halide perovskite at both room temperature and low temperature. A dual-channel single photon correlation (DCSPC) system with a vacuum chamber is employed for the measurement. A rise time faster than 100 ps and several times enhancement of the crystal scintillation performances at low temperature have been observed. These behaviors demonstrated that bulk solution-grown single crystals of hybrid lead halide perovskites (MAPbCl3 and Br-doped MAPbBr0.08Cl2.92, where MA = CH3NH3) can serve as stable scintillating materials for pulsed gamma detectors. In addition, this work provides a pathway for perovskite application and also attracts attention to investigating low-temperature scintillators. Time response and light yield are two of the most important features of a scintillation detector, and are mostly determined by the luminescence properties of the scintillator.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi'an 710024 China
| | - Dongwei Hei
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi'an 710024 China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 211106 China
| | - Xinjian Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi'an 710024 China
| | - Jinlu Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi'an 710024 China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi'an 710024 China .,Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 211106 China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 211106 China
| | - Kun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi'an 710024 China
| | - Qing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi'an 710024 China
| | - Bin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi'an 710024 China
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13
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Cao J, Guo Z, Zhu S, Fu Y, Zhang H, Wang Q, Gu Z. Preparation of Lead-free Two-Dimensional-Layered (C 8H 17NH 3) 2SnBr 4 Perovskite Scintillators and Their Application in X-ray Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:19797-19804. [PMID: 32249556 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Scintillators, as spectral and energy transformers, are essential for X-ray imaging applications. However, their current disadvantages, including high-temperature sintering and generation of agglomerated powders or large bulk crystals, may not meet the increasing demands of low cost, nontoxicity, and flexible radiation detection. Thus, improved perovskite scintillators are developed in this research. A hybrid perovskite ((C8H17NH3)2SnBr4), which is nontoxic, lead-free, and organic-inorganic, is developed as a scintillator with good emission performance and radioluminescence intensity. These perovskite scintillators are synthesized at low temperatures in an aqueous acid solution, through which they generate a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield of 98% with the excitation of ultraviolet light. As far as we know, this work is the first to show that the two-dimensional (2D) (C8H17NH3)2SnBr4 perovskite scintillator films prepared by coating a polymer layer can be applied to an X-ray imaging system. The results demonstrate that the low cost X-ray imaging device with good resolution and performance benefits dramatically from this lead-free organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite film. Therefore, this 2D-layered (C8H17NH3)2SnBr4 perovskite scintillator may be a high potential candidate for scintillating material for X-ray imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Cao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and IHEP-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhao Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and IHEP-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and IHEP-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanyan Fu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Aerospace Institute of Advanced Materials & Processing Technology, Beijing 100074, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and IHEP-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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