1
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Srivastava A, Harijan M, Prasad R, Singh M. Dual template (epitope) imprinted electrode for sensing bacterial protein with high selectivity. J Mol Recognit 2024; 37:e3087. [PMID: 38686731 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Epitope imprinting has shown better prospects to synthesize synthetic receptors for proteins. Here, dual epitope imprinted polymer electrode (DEIP) matrix was fabricated on gold surface of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) for recognition of target epitope sequence in blood samples of patients suffering from brain fever. Epitope sequences from outer membrane protein Por B of Neisseria meningitidis (MC58) bacteria predicted through immunoinformatic tools were chosen for imprinting. Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of cysteine appended epitope sequences on gold nanoparticles were subjected to polymerization prior to electrodeposition on gold coated EQCM electrode. The polymeric matrix was woven around the cysteine appended epitope SAMs through multiple monomers (3-sulfo propyl methacrylate potassium salt (3-SPMAP), benzyl methacrylate (BMA)) and crosslinker (N, N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide). On extraction of the peptide sequences, imprinted cavities were able to selectively and specifically bind targeted epitope sequences in laboratory samples as well as 'real' samples of patients. Selectivity of sensor was examined through mismatched peptide sequences and certain plasma proteins also. The sensor was able to show specific binding towards the blood samples of infected patients, even in the presence of 'matrix' and other plasma proteins such as albumin and globulin. Even other peptide sequences, similar to epitope sequences only with one or two amino acid mismatches were also unable to show any binding. The analytical performance of DEIP-EQCM sensor was tested through selectivity, specificity, matrix effect, detection limit (0.68-1.01 nM), quantification limit (2.05-3.05 nM) and reproducibility (RSD ~ 5%). Hence, a diagnostic tool for bacterium causing meningitis is successfully fabricated in a facile manner which will broaden the clinical access and make efficient population screening feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Manjeet Harijan
- Department of Chemistry, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rajniti Prasad
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Meenakshi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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2
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Khademi R, Kharaziha M. Antibacterial and Osteogenic Doxycycline Imprinted Bioglass Microspheres to Combat Bone Infection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:31966-31982. [PMID: 38829697 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Currently, postoperative infection is a significant challenge in bone and dental surgical procedures, demanding the exploration of innovative approaches due to the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study aims to develop a strategy for controlled and smart antibiotic release while accelerating osteogenesis to expedite bone healing. In this regard, temperature-responsive doxycycline (DOX) imprinted bioglass microspheres (BGMs) were synthesized. Following the formation of chitosan-modified BGMs, poly N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAm) was used for surface imprinting of DOX. The temperature-responsive molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) exhibited pH and temperature dual-responsive adsorption and controlled-release properties for DOX. The temperature-responsive MIP was optimized by investigating the molar ratio of N,N'-methylene bis(acrylamide) (MBA, the cross-linker) to NIPAm. Our results demonstrated that the MIPs showed superior adsorption capacity (96.85 mg/g at 35 °C, pH = 7) than nonimprinted polymers (NIPs) and manifested a favorable selectivity toward DOX. The adsorption behavior of DOX on the MIPs fit well with the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Drug release studies demonstrated a controlled release of DOX due to imprinted cavities, which were fitted with the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. DOX-imprinted BGMs also revealed comparable antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to the DOX (control). In addition, MIPs promoted viability and osteogenic differentiation of MG63 osteoblast-like cells. Overall, the findings demonstrate the significant potential of DOX-imprinted BGMs for use in bone defects. Nonetheless, further in vitro investigations and subsequent in vivo experiments are warranted to advance this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Khademi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mahshid Kharaziha
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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3
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Cheng X, Miao Y, Zhou J, Lu F, Jin J, Hu L. Cell-Penetrating Drug Carrier by Molecular Recognition of Sphingomyelin on Plasma Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9975-9984. [PMID: 38695640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Plasma membranes not only maintain the intracellular microenvironment through their phospholipid bilayer but also eliminate exogenous compounds outside the cell membranes. Most drugs especially with high polarity are prevented from entering into cells to exert their effects. Therefore, it is of great significance to design effective drug carriers with a penetrating ability toward plasma membranes. In this study, a dual-templated MIP (dt-MIPs) carrier with controllable microstructure and high drug loading capacity was prepared using highly expressed sphingomyelin on the plasma membrane and tenofovir (TFV), a first-line drug for HIV and chronic hepatitis B, as template molecules. The drug release experiments performed in vitro under simulated physiological conditions demonstrated that sustained and stable adsorption of TFV on dt-MIPs was more than 80% over 50 h. By a combination of flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, dt-MIPs were found to have efficient cell permeability. Furthermore, mass-spectrometry-based intracellular pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that TFV was delivered completely into cells within 30 min with the delivery of dt-MIPs. The study presented above suggested that dt-MIPs are expected to be alternative nanoscale drug carriers for enhanced drug permeability and controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Cheng
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yujuan Miao
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Juntao Zhou
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jingji Jin
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lianghai Hu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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4
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Ding F, Ma Y, Fan W, Xu J, Pan G. Tailor-made molecular imprints for biological event intervention. Trends Biotechnol 2024:S0167-7799(24)00063-5. [PMID: 38604879 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Molecular imprints, which are crosslinked architectures containing specific molecular recognition cavities for targeting compounds, have recently transitioned from in vitro diagnosis to in vivo treatment. In current application scenarios, it has become an important topic to create new biomolecular recognition pathways through molecular imprinting, thereby inhibiting the pathogenesis and regulating the development of diseases. This review starts with a pathological analysis, mainly focusing on the corresponding artificial enzymes, enzyme inhibitors and antibody mimics with enhanced functions that are created by molecular imprinting strategies. Recent advances are highlighted in the use of molecular imprints as tailor-made nanomedicines for the prevention of three major diseases: metabolic syndrome, cancer, and bacterial/viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ding
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yue Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Wensi Fan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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5
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Carney CP, Pandey N, Kapur A, Saadi H, Ong HL, Chen C, Winkles JA, Woodworth GF, Kim AJ. Impact of Targeting Moiety Type and Protein Corona Formation on the Uptake of Fn14-Targeted Nanoparticles by Cancer Cells. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19667-19684. [PMID: 37812740 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The TWEAK receptor, Fn14, is a promising candidate for active targeting of cancer nanotherapeutics to many solid tumor types, including metastatic breast and primary brain cancers. Targeting of therapeutic nanoparticles (NPs) has been accomplished using a range of targeting moieties including monoclonal antibodies and related fragments, peptides, and small molecules. Here, we investigated a full-length Fn14-specific monoclonal antibody, ITEM4, or an ITEM4-Fab fragment as a targeting moiety to guide the development of a clinical formulation. We formulated NPs with varying densities of the targeting moieties while maintaining the decreased nonspecific adhesivity with receptor targeting (DART) characteristics. To model the conditions that NPs experience following intravenous infusion, we investigated the impact of serum exposure in relation to the targeting moiety type and surface density. To further evaluate performance at the cancer cell level, we performed experiments to assess differences in cellular uptake and trafficking in several cancer cell lines using confocal microscopy, imaging flow cytometry, and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. We observed that Fn14-targeted NPs exhibit enhanced cellular uptake in Fn14-high compared to Fn14-low cancer cells and that in both cell lines uptake levels were greater than observed with control, nontargeted NPs. We found that serum exposure increased Fn14-targeted NP specificity while simultaneously reducing the total NP uptake. Importantly, serum exposure caused a larger reduction in cancer cell uptake over time when the targeting moiety was an antibody fragment (Fab region of the monoclonal antibody) compared with the full-length monoclonal antibody targeting moiety. Lastly, we uncovered that full monoclonal antibody-targeted NPs enter cancer cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and traffic through the endolysosomal pathway. Taken together, these results support a pathway for developing a clinical formulation using a full-length Fn14 monoclonal antibody as the targeting moiety for a DART cancer nanotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine P Carney
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Nikhil Pandey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Anshika Kapur
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Hassan Saadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Hwei Ling Ong
- Secretory Physiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Chixiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clarke School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Anthony J Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clarke School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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6
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Balcer E, Sobiech M, Luliński P. Molecularly Imprinted Carriers for Diagnostics and Therapy-A Critical Appraisal. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1647. [PMID: 37376096 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous diagnostics and targeted therapy provide a theranostic approach, an instrument of personalized medicine-one of the most-promising trends in current medicine. Except for the appropriate drug used during the treatment, a strong focus is put on the development of effective drug carriers. Among the various materials applied in the production of drug carriers, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are one of the candidates with great potential for use in theranostics. MIP properties such as chemical and thermal stability, together with capability to integrate with other materials are important in the case of diagnostics and therapy. Moreover, the MIP specificity, which is important for targeted drug delivery and bioimaging of particular cells, is a result of the preparation process, conducted in the presence of the template molecule, which often is the same as the target compound. This review focused on the application of MIPs in theranostics. As a an introduction, the current trends in theranostics are described prior to the characterization of the concept of molecular imprinting technology. Next, a detailed discussion of the construction strategies of MIPs for diagnostics and therapy according to targeting and theranostic approaches is provided. Finally, frontiers and future prospects are presented, stating the direction for further development of this class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Balcer
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Sobiech
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Luliński
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Kanao E, Osaki H, Tanigawa T, Takaya H, Sano T, Adachi J, Otsuka K, Ishihama Y, Kubo T. Rational Supramolecular Strategy via Halogen Bonding for Effective Halogen Recognition in Molecular Imprinting. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37230938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Halogen bonding is a highly directional interaction and a potential tool in functional material design through self-assembly. Herein, we describe two fundamental supramolecular strategies to synthesize molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with halogen bonding-based molecular recognition sites. In the first method, the size of the σ-hole was increased by aromatic fluorine substitution of the template molecule, enhancing the halogen bonding in the supramolecule. The second method involved sandwiching hydrogen atoms of a template molecule between iodo substituents, which suppressed competing hydrogen bonding and enabled multiple recognition patterns, improving the selectivity. The interaction mode between the functional monomer and the templates was elucidated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and computational simulation. Finally, we succeeded in the effective chromatographic separation of diiodobenzene isomers on the uniformly sized MIPs prepared by multi-step swelling and polymerization. The MIPs selectively recognized halogenated thyroid hormones via halogen bonding and could be applied to screening endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Kanao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Hayato Osaki
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hikaru Takaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Sano
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Analysis, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Koji Otsuka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishihama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takuya Kubo
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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8
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Shen Y, Miao P, Liu S, Gao J, Han X, Zhao Y, Chen T. Preparation and Application Progress of Imprinted Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102344. [PMID: 37242918 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the specific recognition performance, imprinted polymers have been widely investigated and applied in the field of separation and detection. Based on the introduction of the imprinting principles, the classification of imprinted polymers (bulk imprinting, surface imprinting, and epitope imprinting) are summarized according to their structure first. Secondly, the preparation methods of imprinted polymers are summarized in detail, including traditional thermal polymerization, novel radiation polymerization, and green polymerization. Then, the practical applications of imprinted polymers for the selective recognition of different substrates, such as metal ions, organic molecules, and biological macromolecules, are systematically summarized. Finally, the existing problems in its preparation and application are summarized, and its prospects have been prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Shen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Pharmacy, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Pengpai Miao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Pharmacy, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- Institute of Forensic Science, Hunan Provincial Public Security Bureau, Changsha 410001, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Pharmacy, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Xiaobing Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Pharmacy, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Pharmacy, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Pharmacy, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
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9
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Kang MS, Cho E, Choi HE, Amri C, Lee JH, Kim KS. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs): emerging biomaterials for cancer theragnostic applications. Biomater Res 2023; 27:45. [PMID: 37173721 PMCID: PMC10182667 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease caused by abnormal cell growth that spreads through other parts of the body and threatens life by destroying healthy tissues. Therefore, numerous techniques have been employed not only to diagnose and monitor the progress of cancer in a precise manner but also to develop appropriate therapeutic agents with enhanced efficacy and safety profiles. In this regard, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), synthetic receptors that recognize targeted molecules with high affinity and selectivity, have been intensively investigated as one of the most attractive biomaterials for theragnostic approaches. This review describes diverse synthesis strategies to provide the rationale behind these synthetic antibodies and provides a selective overview of the recent progress in the in vitro and in vivo targeting of cancer biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic applications. Taken together, the topics discussed in this review provide concise guidelines for the development of novel MIP-based systems to diagnose cancer more precisely and promote successful treatment. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), synthetic receptors that recognize targeted molecules with high affinity and selectivity, have been intensively investigated as one of the most attractive biomaterials for cancer theragnostic approaches. This review describes diverse synthesis strategies to provide the rationale behind these synthetic antibodies and provides a selective overview of the recent progress in the in vitro and in vivo targeting of cancer biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic applications. The topics discussed in this review aim to provide concise guidelines for the development of novel MIP-based systems to diagnose cancer more precisely and promote successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seok Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-Ro 63 Beon-Gil, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Euni Cho
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Information Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Eun Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-Ro 63 Beon-Gil, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaima Amri
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Lee
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Information Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Su Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-Ro 63 Beon-Gil, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Organic Material Science & Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-Ro 63 Beon-Gil, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Advanced Organic Materials, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-Ro 63 Beon-Gil, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Ma X, Knowles JC, Poma A. Biodegradable and Sustainable Synthetic Antibodies-A Perspective. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051440. [PMID: 37242682 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imprinting technology has been around for almost a century, and we have witnessed dramatic advancements in the overall design and production of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), particularly in terms of possible formats of the final products when it comes to truly resembling antibody substitutes, i.e., MIP nanoparticles (MIP NPs). Nonetheless, the overall technology appears to struggle to keep up with the current global sustainability efforts, as recently elucidated in the latest comprehensive reviews, which introduced the "GREENIFICATION" concept. In this review, we will try to elucidate if these advancements in MIP nanotechnology have indeed resulted in a sustainability amelioration. We will do so by discussing the general production and purification strategies for MIP NPs, specifically from a sustainability and biodegradation perspective, also considering the final intended application and ultimate waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Ma
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Royal Free Hospital, UCL Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Royal Free Hospital, UCL Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Alessandro Poma
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Royal Free Hospital, UCL Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
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11
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He JY, Li Q, Xu HX, Zheng QY, Zhang QH, Zhou LD, Wang CZ, Yuan CS. Recognition and analysis of biomarkers in tumor microenvironments based on promising molecular imprinting strategies with high selectivity. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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12
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Wen M, Shi H, Wan Y, Wu J, Tian X, Chen Q, Wu MY, Feng S. A human VEGF magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for drug-free anti-angiogenesis and photothermal therapy of tumors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4229-4232. [PMID: 36942493 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00088e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
A magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer was developed with an epitope peptide of human VEGF as a template via an epitope blotting technique. As a drug-free agent, the nanoparticles can significantly suppress the proliferation of tumor cells by integrating anti-angiogenesis and photothermotherapy. This work provides a successful example of the design of multimodal antineoplastic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhao Wen
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Haizhu Shi
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yu Wan
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jiateng Wu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Xiao Tian
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Qian Chen
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Ming-Yu Wu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Shun Feng
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanospheres with Hydrophilic Shells for Efficient Molecular Recognition of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Aqueous Solution. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052052. [PMID: 36903298 PMCID: PMC10004106 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amine molecularly imprinted polymer nanospheres with surface-bound dithioester groups (haa-MIP) were firstly synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) precipitation polymerization. Then, a series of core-shell structural heterocyclic aromatic amine molecularly imprinted polymer nanospheres with hydrophilic shells (MIP-HSs) were subsequently prepared by grafting the hydrophilic shells on the surface of haa-MIP via on-particle RAFT polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), itaconic acid (IA), and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA). The haa-MIP nanospheres showed high affinity and specific recognition toward harmine and its structural analogs in organic solution of acetonitrile, but lost the specific binding ability in aqueous solution. However, after the grafting of the hydrophilic shells on the haa-MIP particles, the surface hydrophilicity and water dispersion stability of the polymer particles of MIP-HSs greatly improved. The binding of harmine by MIP-HSs with hydrophilic shells in aqueous solutions is about two times higher than that of NIP-HSs, showing an efficient molecular recognition of heterocyclic aromatic amines in aqueous solution. The effect of hydrophilic shell structure on the molecular recognition property of MIP-HSs was further compared. MIP-PIA with carboxyl groups containing hydrophilic shells showed the highest selective molecular recognition ability to heterocyclic aromatic amines in aqueous solution.
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14
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Singhal A, Singh A, Shrivastava A, Khan R. Epitope imprinted polymeric materials: application in electrochemical detection of disease biomarkers. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:936-954. [PMID: 36606445 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02135h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epitope imprinting is a promising method for creating specialized recognition sites that resemble natural biorecognition elements. Epitope-imprinted materials have gained a lot of attention recently in a variety of fields, including bioanalysis, drug delivery, and clinical therapy. The vast applications of epitope imprinted polymers are due to the flexibility in choosing monomers, the simplicity in obtaining templates, specificity toward targets, and resistance to harsh environments along with being cost effective in nature. The "epitope imprinting technique," which uses only a tiny subunit of the target as the template during imprinting, offers a way around various drawbacks inherent to biomacromolecule systems i.e., traditional molecular imprinting techniques with regards to the large size of proteins, such as the size, complexity, accessibility, and conformational flexibility of the template. Electrochemical based sensors are proven to be promising tool for the quick, real-time monitoring of biomarkers. This review unravels epitope imprinting techniques, approaches, and strategies and highlights the applicability of these techniques for the electrochemical quantification of biomarkers for timely disease monitoring. In addition, some challenges are discussed along with future prospective developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Singhal
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal - 462026, MP, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Amrita Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Barkatullah University, Habibganj, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462026, India
| | - Apoorva Shrivastava
- Dr D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sr. No. 87-88, Mumbai-Bangalore Highway, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Raju Khan
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal - 462026, MP, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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15
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Shi H, Wan Y, Tian X, Wang L, Shan L, Zhang C, Wu MY, Feng S. Synergistically Enhancing Tumor Chemotherapy Using an Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizer on Covalently Conjugated Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:56585-56596. [PMID: 36513426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the polygenic and heterogeneous nature of the tumorigenesis process, traditional chemotherapy is far from desirable. Fabricating multifunctional nanoplatforms integrating photodynamic effect can synergistically enhance chemotherapy because they can make the cancer cells much sensitive to chemotherapeutics. However, how to assemble different units in nanoplatforms and minimize side effects caused by chemodrugs and photosensitizers (PSs) still needs to be explored. Herein, a nanoplatform CPP/PS-MIP@DOX is developed using a simultaneously covalently conjugated new aggregation-induced emission (AIE) PS and a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) on the surface of silica-based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticles, prepared with doxorubicin (DOX) as the template in the water system via a sol-gel technique. CPP/PS-MIP@DOX has good biocompatibility, high DOX-loading ability, promoted cellular uptake, and sustained and pH-sensitive drug release capability. Furthermore, it can efficiently penetrate into tumor tissue, accurately home to, and accumulate at the tumor site. As a result, a better efficacy with lower cytotoxicity is achieved with a smaller dosage of DOX by utilizing either the photodynamic effect or unique characteristics of the MIP. It is the first nanoplatform fabricated by chemically conjugating AIE PSs directly on the surface of the scaffold via the surface-decorated strategy and successfully applied in cancer therapy. This work provides an effective strategy by constructing AIE PS-based cancer nanomedicines with MIPs as scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhu Shi
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xiao Tian
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Lianhai Shan
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Chungu Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Ming-Yu Wu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shun Feng
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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16
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Hou T, Zhang N, Yan C, Ding M, Niu H, Guan P, Hu X. Curcumin-loaded protein imprinted mesoporous nanosphere for inhibiting amyloid aggregation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:334-345. [PMID: 36084870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Some natural variants of human lysozyme are associated with systemic non-neurological amyloidosis that leads to amyloid protein fibril deposition in different tissues. Inhibition of amyloid fibrillation by nanomaterials is considered to be an effective approach to treating amyloidosis. Here, we prepared a targeted, highly loaded curcumin lysozyme-imprinted nanosphere (CUR-MIMS) that could effectively inhibit the aggregation of lysozyme with lysozyme adsorption capacity of 193.57 mg g-1 and the imprinting factor (IF) of 3.72. CUR-MIMS could bind to lysozyme through hydrophobic interactions and effectively reduce the hydrophobicity of the total solvent-exposed surface in lysozyme fibrillation, thus reducing the self-assembly process triggered by hydrophobic interactions. Thioflavin T (ThT) analysis demonstrated that CUR-MIMS inhibited the aggregation of amyloid fibrils in a dose-dependent manner (inhibition efficiency of 56.07 %). Circular dichroism (CD) spectrum further illustrated that CUR-MIMS could significantly inhibit the transition of lysozyme from α-helix structure to β-sheet. More importantly, biological experiments proved the good biocompatibility of CUR-MIMS, which indicated the potential of our system as a future therapeutic platform for amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Chaoren Yan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Minling Ding
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Huizhe Niu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Ping Guan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
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17
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Orbay S, Kocaturk O, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Coated Inorganic Nanoparticles: Fabrication and Biomedical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1464. [PMID: 36144087 PMCID: PMC9501141 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) continue to gain increasing attention as functional materials due to their unique characteristics such as higher stability, simple preparation, robustness, better binding capacity, and low cost. In particular, MIP-coated inorganic nanoparticles have emerged as a promising platform for various biomedical applications ranging from drug delivery to bioimaging. The integration of MIPs with inorganic nanomaterials such as silica (SiO2), iron oxide (Fe3O4), gold (Au), silver (Ag), and quantum dots (QDs) combines several attributes from both components to yield highly multifunctional materials. These materials with a multicomponent hierarchical structure composed of an inorganic core and an imprinted polymer shell exhibit enhanced properties and new functionalities. This review aims to provide a general overview of key recent advances in the fabrication of MIPs-coated inorganic nanoparticles and highlight their biomedical applications, including drug delivery, biosensor, bioimaging, and bioseparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Orbay
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kocaturk
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
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18
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Kakkar V, Narula P. Role of molecularly imprinted hydrogels in drug delivery - A current perspective. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:121883. [PMID: 35870667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting in hydrogels crafts memory for template molecules in a flexible macromolecular structure. Molecular imprinting can control the pattern of the drug release via different mechanistic pathways which may involve swelling, which releases the drug via diffusion or receptive-swollen networks. Responsive hydrogels or smart hydrogels can be tailored to undergo a change in the network structure in response to a stimulus by inserting specific chemical or biological entities along their backbone polymer chains. The stimuli which can be either physical, chemical or biochemical in nature, may impact at various energy levels thereby initiating the molecular interactions at critical onset points. Conventional hydrogels lack in responding to an external stimuli in a swift manner, hence the molecular imprinting technology can significantly advance the therapeutic efficiency of the drugs with anticipated controlled release and targeting efficiency. Molecular imprinting in hydrogels is thus anticipated as a step towards establishment of drug delivery systems by providing improved delivery profiles or longer release times and deliver the drugs in a feedback regulated way. The review article focuses on the current scenario of molecularly imprinted hydrogels with emphasis on the imprinting strategies within hydrogels and challenges encountered, latent translational applications, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandita Kakkar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh- 5 160014, India.
| | - Priyanka Narula
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh- 5 160014, India
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19
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Zhao N, Liu Z, Xing J, Zheng Z, Song F, Liu S. A novel strategy for high-specificity, high-sensitivity, and high-throughput study for gut microbiome metabolism of aromatic carboxylic acids. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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He Y, Lin Z. Recent advances in protein-imprinted polymers: synthesis, applications and challenges. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6571-6589. [PMID: 35507351 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00273f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular imprinting technique (MIT), also described as the "lock to key" method, has been demonstrated as an effective tool for the creation of synthetic polymers with antibody-like sites to specifically recognize target molecules. To date, most successful molecular imprinting researches were limited to small molecules (<1500 Da); biomacromolecule (especially protein) imprinting remains a serious challenge due to their large size, chemical and structural complexity, and environmental instability. Nevertheless, protein imprinting has achieved some significant breakthroughs in imprinting methods and applications over the past decade. Some special protein-imprinted materials with outstanding properties have been developed and exhibited excellent potential in several advanced fields such as separation and purification, proteomics, biomarker detection, bioimaging and therapy. In this review, we critically and comprehensively surveyed the recent advances in protein imprinting, particularly emphasizing the significant progress in imprinting methods and highlighted applications. Finally, we summarize the major challenges remaining in protein imprinting and propose its development direction in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting He
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
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21
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Biorecognition Engineering Technologies for Cancer Diagnosis: A Systematic Literature Review of Non-Conventional and Plausible Sensor Development Methods. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081867. [PMID: 35454775 PMCID: PMC9030888 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Approximately 70% of patients with cancer are diagnosed at late stages of the disease in developing countries. This is partly owed to the restricted access to cost-effective and accurate diagnostic tools in healthcare systems. Biosensor diagnostic tools based on conventional antibodies have been a valuable option for creating accessible detection systems for cancer. However, antibodies have certain limitations related to cost, stability, and applicability. The latter promoted the research and development of alternative approaches to generating molecules and molecule-based scaffolds with similar biorecognition properties to antibodies (non-conventional technologies). This review aimed to present and analyze the current trends of three of these emerging non-conventional technologies for biorecognition engineering in cancer diagnostics, named: molecularly imprinted polymers, recombinant antibodies, and antibody mimetic molecules. These non-conventional technologies are promising, relevant, and more accessible alternatives to conventional antibodies in developing cancer biosensors and worthy of being acknowledged by the scientific community, especially for their use in point-of-care cancer diagnostics in developing countries. Abstract Cancer is the second cause of mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis of this multifactorial disease is challenging, especially in populations with limited access to healthcare services. A vast repertoire of cancer biomarkers has been studied to facilitate early diagnosis; particularly, the use of antibodies against these biomarkers has been of interest to detect them through biorecognition. However, there are certain limitations to this approach. Emerging biorecognition engineering technologies are alternative methods to generate molecules and molecule-based scaffolds with similar properties to those presented by antibodies. Molecularly imprinted polymers, recombinant antibodies, and antibody mimetic molecules are three novel technologies commonly used in scientific studies. This review aimed to present the fundamentals of these technologies and address questions about how they are implemented for cancer detection in recent scientific studies. A systematic analysis of the scientific peer-reviewed literature regarding the use of these technologies on cancer detection was carried out starting from the year 2000 up to 2021 to answer these questions. In total, 131 scientific articles indexed in the Web of Science from the last three years were included in this analysis. The results showed that antibody mimetic molecules technology was the biorecognition technology with the highest number of reports. The most studied cancer types were: multiple, breast, leukemia, colorectal, and lung. Electrochemical and optical detection methods were the most frequently used. Finally, the most analyzed biomarkers and cancer entities in the studies were carcinoembryonic antigen, MCF-7 cells, and exosomes. These technologies are emerging tools with adequate performance for developing biosensors useful in cancer detection, which can be used to improve cancer diagnosis in developing countries.
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22
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Yuksel N, Tektas S. Molecularly imprinted polymers: preparation, characterisation, and application in drug delivery systems. J Microencapsul 2022; 39:176-196. [PMID: 35319325 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2022.2055185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting technology defines the creation of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) molecules in which template molecules can place in a key-lock relationship through shape, diameter, and functional groups. Although molecular imprinting technology has been employed in different fields, its applications in drug delivery systems (DDSs) have gained momentum recently. The high loading efficiency, high stability, and controlled drug release are the primary advantages of MIPs. Here, the main components, preparation methods, and characterisation tests of MIPs are summarised, and their applications in DDSs administered by different routes are evaluated in detail. The review offers a perspective on molecular imprinting technology and applications of MIPs in drug delivery by surveying the literature approximately 1998-2021 together with the outlined prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Yuksel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Tektas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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23
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Cegłowski M, Kurczewska J, Lusina A, Nazim T, Ruszkowski P. EGDMA- and TRIM-Based Microparticles Imprinted with 5-Fluorouracil for Prolonged Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14051027. [PMID: 35267850 PMCID: PMC8914908 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Imprinted materials possess designed cavities capable of forming selective interactions with molecules used in the imprinting process. In this work, we report the synthesis of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-imprinted microparticles and their application in prolonged drug delivery. The materials were synthesized using either ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) or trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) cross-linkers. For both types of polymers, methacrylic acid was used as a functional monomer, whereas 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was applied to increase the final materials’ hydrophilicity. Adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were investigated to characterize the interactions that occur between the materials and 5-FU. The microparticles synthesized using the TRIM cross-linker showed higher adsorption properties towards 5-FU than those with EGDMA. The release kinetics was highly dependent upon the cross-linker and pH of the release medium. The highest cumulative release was obtained for TRIM-based microparticles at pH 7.4. The IC50 values proved that 5-FU-loaded TRIM-based microparticles possess cytotoxic activity against HeLa cell lines similar to pure 5-FU, whereas their toxicity towards normal HDF cell lines was ca. three times lower than for 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Cegłowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.); (A.L.); (T.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-8291-799
| | - Joanna Kurczewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.); (A.L.); (T.N.)
| | - Aleksandra Lusina
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.); (A.L.); (T.N.)
| | - Tomasz Nazim
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.); (A.L.); (T.N.)
| | - Piotr Ruszkowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
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Shevchenko KG, Garkushina IS, Canfarotta F, Piletsky SA, Barlev NA. Nano-molecularly imprinted polymers (nanoMIPs) as a novel approach to targeted drug delivery in nanomedicine. RSC Adv 2022; 12:3957-3968. [PMID: 35425427 PMCID: PMC8981171 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08385f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers - MIPs - denote synthetic polymeric structures that selectively recognize the molecule of interest against which MIPs are templated. A number of works have demonstrated that MIPs can exceed the affinity and selectivity of natural antibodies, yet operating by the same principle of "lock and key". In contrast to antibodies, which have certain limitations related to the minimal size of the antigen, nanoMIPs can be fabricated against almost any target molecule irrespective of its size and low immunogenicity. Furthermore, the cost of MIP production is much lower compared to the cost of antibody production. Excitingly, MIPs can be used as nanocontainers for specific delivery of therapeutics both in vitro and in vivo. The adoption of the solid phase synthesis rendered MIPs precise reproducible characteristics and, as a consequence, improved the controlled release of therapeutic payloads. These major breakthroughs paved the way for applicability of MIPs in medicine as a novel class of therapeutics. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the fabrication of MIPs, mechanisms of controlled release from the MIPs, and their applicability in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin G Shevchenko
- Institute of Cytology RAS St. Petersburg Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry RAS Moscow Russia
| | | | | | | | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Institute of Cytology RAS St. Petersburg Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry RAS Moscow Russia
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25
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The Evolution of Molecular Recognition: From Antibodies to Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) as Artificial Counterpart. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13010012. [PMID: 35225975 PMCID: PMC8883926 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular recognition is a useful property shared by various molecules, such as antibodies, aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). It allows these molecules to be potentially involved in many applications including biological and pharmaceutical research, diagnostics, theranostics, therapy and drug delivery. Antibodies, naturally produced by plasma cells, have been exploited for this purpose, but they present noticeable drawbacks, above all production cost and time. Therefore, several research studies for similar applications have been carried out about MIPs and the main studies are reported in this review. MIPs, indeed, are more versatile and cost-effective than conventional antibodies, but the lack of toxicity studies and their scarce use for practical applications, make it that further investigations on this kind of molecules need to be conducted.
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26
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Zhang M, Jia C, Zhuang J, Hou YY, He XW, Li WY, Bai G, Zhang YK. GSH-Responsive Drug Delivery System for Active Therapy and Reducing the Side Effects of Bleomycin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:417-427. [PMID: 34978427 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of drug delivery system (DDS) has achieved breakthroughs in many aspects, especially in the field of tumor treatment. In this work, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified hollow mesoporous manganese dioxide (HMnO2@PEG) nanoparticles were used to load the anti-tumor drug bleomycin (BLM). When the DDS reached the tumor site, HMnO2@PEG was degraded and reduced to Mn2+ by the overexpression of glutathione in the tumor microenvironment, and the drug was released simultaneously. BLM coordinated with Mn2+ in situ, thereby greatly improving the therapeutic activity of BLM. The results of in vivo and in vitro treatment experiments showed that the DDS had excellent responsive therapeutic activation ability. In addition, Mn2+ exhibited strong paramagnetism and was used for T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in vivo. Furthermore, this therapeutic mode of responsively releasing drugs and activating in situ effectively attenuated pulmonary fibrosis initiated by BLM. In short, this DDS could help in avoiding the side effects of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ji Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xi-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wen-You Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Gang Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu-Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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27
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Ye H, Zhao L, Ren X, Cai Y, Chi H. "Switch-Off-On" Detection of Fe 3+ and F - Ions Based on Fluorescence Silicon Nanoparticles and Their Application to Food Samples. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12020213. [PMID: 35055232 PMCID: PMC8779261 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An approach to the detection of F− ions in food samples was developed based on a “switch-off-on” fluorescence probe of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs). The fluorescence of the synthetic SiNPs was gradually quenched in the presence of Fe3+ ion and slightly recovered with the addition of F− ion owing to the formation of a stable and colorless ferric fluoride. The fluorescence recovery exhibited a good linear relationship (R2 = 0.9992) as the concentration of F− ion increased from 0 to 100 μmol·L−1. The detection limit of the established method of F− ion was 0.05 μmol·L−1. The recovery experiments confirmed the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method. The ultraviolet–visible spectra, fluorescence decays, and zeta potentials evidenced the fluorescence quenching mechanism involving the electron transfer between the SiNPs and Fe3+ ion, while the fluorescence recovery resulted from the formation of ferric fluoride. Finally, SiNPs were successfully applied to detect F− ions in tap water, Antarctic krill, and Antarctic krill powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Ye
- Laboratory of Aquatic Product Quality, Safety and Processing, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (H.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Control of Safety and Quality for Aquatic Product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100141, China
| | - Lukai Zhao
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;
| | - Xinghui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
| | - Youqiong Cai
- Laboratory of Aquatic Product Quality, Safety and Processing, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (H.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Control of Safety and Quality for Aquatic Product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100141, China
| | - Hai Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Product Quality, Safety and Processing, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (H.Y.); (Y.C.)
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;
- Correspondence:
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Zhu M, Li S, Li S, Wang H, Xu J, Wang Y, Liang G. Strategies for Engineering Exosomes and Their Applications in Drug Delivery. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:2271-2297. [PMID: 34974854 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are representative of a promising vehicle for delivery of biomolecules. Despite their discovery nearly 40 years, knowledge of exosomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the role they play in etiology of disease and normal cellular physiology remains in its infancy. EVs are produced in almost all cells, containing nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins delivered from donor cells to recipient cells. Consequently, they act as mediators of intercellular communication and molecular transfer. Recent studies have shown that, exosomes are associated with numerous physiological and pathological processes as a small subset of EVs, and they play a significant role in disease progression and treatment. In this review, we discuss several key questions: what are exosomes, why do they matter, and how do we repurpose them in their strategies and applications in drug delivery systems. In addition, opportunities and challenges of exosome-based theranostics are also described and directions for future research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Shan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Sanqiang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Haojie Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Juanjuan Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Yili Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Gaofeng Liang
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
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29
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Garnier M, Sabbah M, Ménager C, Griffete N. Hybrid Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: The Future of Nanomedicine? NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113091. [PMID: 34835858 PMCID: PMC8618516 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been widely used in nanomedicine in the last few years. However, their potential is limited by their intrinsic properties resulting, for instance, in lack of control in drug release processes or complex detection for in vivo imaging. Recent attempts in creating hybrid nanomaterials combining MIPs with inorganic nanomaterials succeeded in providing a wide range of new interesting properties suitable for nanomedicine. Through this review, we aim to illustrate how hybrid molecularly imprinted polymers may improve patient care with enhanced imaging, treatments, and a combination of both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylis Garnier
- PHysico-Chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX (PHENIX), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France;
- Saint-Antoine Research Center (CRSA), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France;
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- Saint-Antoine Research Center (CRSA), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France;
| | - Christine Ménager
- PHysico-Chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX (PHENIX), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France;
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (N.G.)
| | - Nébéwia Griffete
- PHysico-Chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX (PHENIX), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France;
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (N.G.)
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30
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Teixeira SPB, Reis RL, Peppas NA, Gomes ME, Domingues RMA. Epitope-imprinted polymers: Design principles of synthetic binding partners for natural biomacromolecules. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi9884. [PMID: 34714673 PMCID: PMC8555893 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi9884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting (MI) has been explored as an increasingly viable tool for molecular recognition in various fields. However, imprinting of biologically relevant molecules like proteins is severely hampered by several problems. Inspired by natural antibodies, the use of epitopes as imprinting templates has been explored to circumvent those limitations, offering lower costs and greater versatility. Here, we review the latest innovations in this technology, as well as different applications where MI polymers (MIPs) have been used to target biomolecules of interest. We discuss the several steps in MI, from the choice of epitope and functional monomers to the different production methods and possible applications. We also critically explore how MIP performance can be assessed by various parameters. Last, we present perspectives on future breakthroughs and advances, offering insights into how MI techniques can be expanded to new fields such as tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simão P. B. Teixeira
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nicholas A. Peppas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1801, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1801, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1801, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1801, USA
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1801, USA
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1801, USA
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui M. A. Domingues
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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31
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Capsule-like molecular imprinted polymer nanoparticles for targeted and chemophotothermal synergistic cancer therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 208:112126. [PMID: 34600360 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Selective cancer cell targeting, controlled drug release, easy construction and multiple therapeutic modalities are some of the desirable characteristics of drug delivery systems. We designed and built simple capsule-like molecular imprinted polymer (MIP)-based nanoparticles for targeted and chemo-photothermal synergistic cancer therapy. Using dopamine (DA) as functional monomer, cross-linking agent as well as photo-thermal agent, ZIF-8 (zeoliticimidazolate framework-8) as drug carrier, epitope of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) as template molecules, molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) drug carrier was constructed. The ability of MIP layer to bind to EGFR epitope endowed the MD (DOX@MIP) particles to recognize EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells, while the pH-responsiveness and photothermal conversion ability of PDA (polydopamine) achieved chemo-photothermal synergistic effects upon NIR irradiation. Taken together, the MD nanoparticles integrated cancer cell targeting recognition, intelligent drug release, biocompatibility and chemo-photothermal effects, and is therefore a promising tool for targeted cancer therapy with minimal toxicity to normal cells, as well as tumor imaging.
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32
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Epitope-imprinted polymers for biomacromolecules: Recent strategies, future challenges and selected applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Pasquardini L, Bossi AM. Molecularly imprinted polymers by epitope imprinting: a journey from molecular interactions to the available bioinformatics resources to scout for epitope templates. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6101-6115. [PMID: 34018035 PMCID: PMC8440283 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular imprinting of proteins is the process of forming biomimetics with entailed protein-recognition by means of a template-assisted synthesis. Protein-imprinted polymers (pMIPs) have been successfully employed in separations, assays, sensors, and imaging. From a technical point of view, imprinting a protein is both costly, for protein expression and purification, and challenging, for the preservation of the protein's structural properties. In fact, the imprinting process needs to guarantee the preservation of the same protein three-dimensional conformation that later would be recognized. So far, the captivating idea to imprint just a portion of the protein, i.e., an epitope, instead of the whole, proved successful, offering reduced costs, compatibility with many synthetic conditions (solvents, pH, temperatures), and fine-tuning of the peptide sequence so to target specific physiological and functional conditions of the protein, such as post-translational modifications. Here, protein-protein interactions and the biochemical features of the epitopes are inspected, deriving lessons to prepare more effective pMIPs. Epitopes are categorized in linear or structured, immunogenic or not, located at the protein's surface or buried in its core and the imprinting strategies are discussed. Moreover, attention is given to freely available online bioinformatics resources that might offer key tools to gain further rationale amid the selection process of suitable epitopes templates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Maria Bossi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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34
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Torabi SJ, Mohebali A, Abdouss M, Shakiba M, Abdouss H, Ramakrishna S, Teo YS, Jafari I, Rezvani Ghomi E. Synthesis and characterization of a novel molecularly imprinted polymer for the controlled release of rivastigmine tartrate. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112273. [PMID: 34474832 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To develop novel imprinted poly (methacrylic acid) nanoparticles for the controlled release of Rivastigmine Tartrate (RVS), the amalgamation of molecular imprinting techniques and polymerization of precipitates were applied in this work. By permuting different concentrations of pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) or trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) as cross-linkers, ten different samples were synthesized, and their abilities assessed for RVS absorption. Among them, uniform mono-disperse nanoparticles were synthesized in an RVS/PMAA/PETA mole ratio of 1:6:12, named molecularly imprinted polymers 2 (MIP2), which showed the highest RVS absorption. Analytical procedures involving the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Thermogeometric analysis (TGA), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and absorption/desorption porosimetry (BET) measurements were applied to characterize the morphology and physicochemical properties of the MIP2. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the MIP2 sample was measured by MTT assay on an L929 cell line. Studies pertaining to the in-vitro release of RVS from MIP2 samples showed that the prepared sample had a controlled and sustained release compared, which differed from the results obtained from the non-imprinted polymer (NIP) with the same formulization. Results obtained further reinforced the feasibility of prepared MIPs as a prime candidature for RVS drug delivery to alleviate Alzheimer's and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Javad Torabi
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohebali
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Abdouss
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Hamidreza Abdouss
- Department of Polymer, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore
| | - Ying Shen Teo
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Iman Jafari
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Erfan Rezvani Ghomi
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore.
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35
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Zhong H, Zhao B, Deng J. Chiral magnetic hybrid materials constructed from macromolecules and their chiral applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:11765-11780. [PMID: 34231630 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01939b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a fundamental and ubiquitous feature of living organisms in nature. Magnetic materials, in particular magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), show some interesting properties such as large specific surface area, easy surface modification, magnetic responsivity and separation ability. Integrating MNPs with chirality in a single material will undoubtedly create a large number of advanced multi-functional materials. Despite the great advancements made in this area, there have been no review articles to summarize the relevant studies. The present work reviews the major progress recently made in constructing chiral magnetic hybrid materials (CMHMs) using macromolecules, which are classified based on the primary chiral macromolecular organic components, namely, biological polymers and synthetic polymers, and the applications of the resulting chiral hybrids in chiral research fields, including asymmetric catalysis, enzymatic resolution, chromatographic separation, enantioselective crystallization and enantioselective adsorption, are also summarized. The challenges and prospects of related research fields are proposed in the last section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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36
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Liu R, Poma A. Advances in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Drug Delivery Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:3589. [PMID: 34208380 PMCID: PMC8231147 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the tremendous efforts made in the past decades, severe side/toxic effects and poor bioavailability still represent the main challenges that hinder the clinical translation of drug molecules. This has turned the attention of investigators towards drug delivery vehicles that provide a localized and controlled drug delivery. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as novel and versatile drug delivery vehicles have been widely studied in recent years due to the advantages of selective recognition, enhanced drug loading, sustained release, and robustness in harsh conditions. This review highlights the design and development of strategies undertaken for MIPs used as drug delivery vehicles involving different drug delivery mechanisms, such as rate-programmed, stimuli-responsive and active targeting, published during the course of the past five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29–39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
| | - Alessandro Poma
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Royal Free Hospital, UCL Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
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37
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Wang X, Chen G, Zhang P, Jia Q. Advances in epitope molecularly imprinted polymers for protein detection: a review. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1660-1671. [PMID: 33861232 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00067e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Epitope molecularly imprinted polymers (EMIPs) are novel imprinted materials using short characteristic peptides as templates rather than entire proteins. To be specific, the amino acid sequence of the template peptide is the same as an exposed N- or C-terminus of a target protein, or its amino acid composition and sequence replicate a similar conformational arrangement as the same amino acid residues on the surface of the target protein. EMIPs have a good application prospect in protein research. Herein, we focus on classification of epitope imprinting techniques, methods of epitope immobilization on matrix materials including boronate affinity immobilization, covalent bonding immobilization, physical adsorption immobilization and metal ion chelation immobilization, and application of EMIPs in peptides, proteins, target imaging and target therapy fields. Finally, the main problems and future development are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindi Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
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38
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Hu X, Xia F, Lee J, Li F, Lu X, Zhuo X, Nie G, Ling D. Tailor-Made Nanomaterials for Diagnosis and Therapy of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002545. [PMID: 33854877 PMCID: PMC8025024 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide due to its aggressiveness and the challenge to early diagnosis and treatment. In recent decades, nanomaterials have received increasing attention for diagnosis and therapy of PDAC. However, these designs are mainly focused on the macroscopic tumor therapeutic effect, while the crucial nano-bio interactions in the heterogeneous microenvironment of PDAC remain poorly understood. As a result, the majority of potent nanomedicines show limited performance in ameliorating PDAC in clinical translation. Therefore, exploiting the unique nature of the PDAC by detecting potential biomarkers together with a deep understanding of nano-bio interactions that occur in the tumor microenvironment is pivotal to the design of PDAC-tailored effective nanomedicine. This review will introduce tailor-made nanomaterials-enabled laboratory tests and advanced noninvasive imaging technologies for early and accurate diagnosis of PDAC. Moreover, the fabrication of a myriad of tailor-made nanomaterials for various PDAC therapeutic modalities will be reviewed. Furthermore, much preferred theranostic multifunctional nanomaterials for imaging-guided therapies of PDAC will be elaborated. Lastly, the prospects of these nanomaterials in terms of clinical translation and potential breakthroughs will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Hu
- Department of Clinical PharmacyZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Researchthe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003China
| | - Fan Xia
- Institute of PharmaceuticsZhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug ResearchHangzhou Institute of Innovative MedicineCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Institute of PharmaceuticsZhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug ResearchHangzhou Institute of Innovative MedicineCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Institute of PharmaceuticsZhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug ResearchHangzhou Institute of Innovative MedicineCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Xiaoyang Lu
- Department of Clinical PharmacyZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Researchthe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhuo
- Department of Cardiologythe First Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710061China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyNo.11 Zhongguancun BeiyitiaoBeijing100190China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for NanotechnologyGuangzhou510700China
| | - Daishun Ling
- Institute of PharmaceuticsZhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug ResearchHangzhou Institute of Innovative MedicineCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
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39
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Xu S, Wang L, Liu Z. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles: An Emerging Versatile Platform for Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3858-3869. [PMID: 32789971 PMCID: PMC7894159 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are chemically synthesized affinity materials with tailor-made binding cavities complementary to the template molecules in shape, size, and functionality. Recently, engineering MIP-based nanomedicines to improve cancer therapy has become a rapidly growing field and future research direction. Because of the unique properties and functions of MIPs, MIP-based nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) are not only alternatives to current nanomaterials for cancer therapy, but also hold the potential to fill gaps associated with biological ligand-based nanomedicines, such as immunogenicity, stability, applicability, and economic viability. Here, we survey recent advances in the design and fabrication of nanoMIPs for cancer therapy and highlight their distinct features. In addition, how to use these features to achieve desired performance, including extended circulation, active targeting, controlled drug release and anti-tumor efficacy, is discussed and summarized. We expect that this minireview will inspire more advanced studies in MIP-based nanomedicines for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University163 Xianlin AvenueNanjing210023China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Ottawa451 Smyth RoadOttawaOntarioK1H 8M5Canada
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University163 Xianlin AvenueNanjing210023China
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40
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Xu S, Wang L, Liu Z. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles: An Emerging Versatile Platform for Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210023 China
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41
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Jia C, Zhang M, He XW, Li WY, Zhang YK. Preparation of responsive "dual-lock" nanoparticles and their application in collaborative therapy based on CuS coordination. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:1049-1058. [PMID: 33399610 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02490b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is difficult for drug delivery systems to release drugs as expected, often leading to undesired side effects. To solve this problem, a CuS@MSN/DOX@MnO2@membrane (CMDMm) was reasonably designed. It was introduced to release the drug by a double response, similar to using two keys to open two locks at the same time for one door. CuS@MSN was used as a photothermal therapy (PTT) material and carrier, and then the surface of CuS@MSN/DOX was sealed by MnO2 to prevent drug release in advance. MnO2 could be reduced and degraded in a tumor microenvironment. It was applied in MR imaging due to the T1 magnetism of Mn2+ following the reduction of MnO2. Finally, the 4T1 cell membrane was extracted and coated onto the surface of CuS@MSN/DOX@MnO2, which served as a target for 4T1 tumor cells. A noteworthy phenomenon was that the fluorescence of DOX was quenched by the coordination between DOX and CuS, and this greatly improved the interaction between DOX and CuS@MSN. However, the coordination was weakened when DOX was protonated in a tumor microenvironment (∼pH 5.0), leading to the release of DOX and fluorescence recovery. The drug release experiments showed that the release efficiency was higher at pH 5.0 with 10 mmol L-1 GSH. Through in vitro laser confocal imaging, it was successfully observed that DOX was reliably released in specific tumor cells according to the fluorescence recovery, and that there was no leakage in other cells. In short, effective double response drug release was successfully confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jia
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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He S, Zhang L, Bai S, Yang H, Cui Z, Zhang X, Li Y. Advances of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) and the application in drug delivery. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lotus seedpod-like molecularly imprinted polymers fabricated by MOF-808 stabilized Pickering emulsion and their specific recognition of hemoglobin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 197:111446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are currently widely used and further developed for biological applications. The MIP synthesis procedure is a key process, and a wide variety of protocols exist. The templates that are used for imprinting vary from the smallest glycosylated glycan structures or even amino acids to whole proteins or bacteria. The low cost, quick preparation, stability and reproducibility have been highlighted as advantages of MIPs. The biological applications utilizing MIPs discussed here include enzyme-linked assays, sensors, in vivo applications, drug delivery, cancer diagnostics and more. Indeed, there are numerous examples of how MIPs can be used as recognition elements similar to natural antibodies.
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Sanadgol N, Wackerlig J. Developments of Smart Drug-Delivery Systems Based on Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Targeted Cancer Therapy: A Short Review. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E831. [PMID: 32878127 PMCID: PMC7558192 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy is still a huge challenge, as especially chemotherapy shows several drawbacks like low specificity to tumor cells, rapid elimination of drugs, high toxicity and lack of aqueous solubility. The combination of molecular imprinting technology with magnetic nanoparticles provides a new class of smart hybrids, i.e., magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) to overcome limitations in current cancer therapy. The application of these complexes is gaining more interest in therapy, due to their favorable properties, namely, the ability to be guided and to generate slight hyperthermia with an appropriate external magnetic field, alongside the high selectivity and loading capacity of imprinted polymers toward a template molecule. In cancer therapy, using the MMIPs as smart-drug-delivery robots can be a promising alternative to conventional direct administered chemotherapy, aiming to enhance drug accumulation/penetration into the tumors while fewer side effects on the other organs. Overview: In this review, we state the necessity of further studies to translate the anticancer drug-delivery systems into clinical applications with high efficiency. This work relates to the latest state of MMIPs as smart-drug-delivery systems aiming to be used in chemotherapy. The application of computational modeling toward selecting the optimum imprinting interaction partners is stated. The preparation methods employed in these works are summarized and their attainment in drug-loading capacity, release behavior and cytotoxicity toward cancer cells in the manner of in vitro and in vivo studies are stated. As an essential issue toward the development of a body-friendly system, the biocompatibility and toxicity of the developed drug-delivery systems are discussed. We conclude with the promising perspectives in this emerging field. Areas covered: Last ten years of publications (till June 2020) in magnetic molecularly imprinted polymeric nanoparticles for application as smart-drug-delivery systems in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith Wackerlig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
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Haupt K, Medina Rangel PX, Bui BTS. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Antibody Mimics for Bioimaging and Therapy. Chem Rev 2020; 120:9554-9582. [PMID: 32786424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are tailor-made chemical receptors that recognize and bind target molecules with a high affinity and selectivity. MIPs came into the spotlight in 1993 when they were dubbed "antibody mimics," and ever since, they have been widely studied for the extraction or trapping of chemical pollutants, in immunoassays, and for the design of sensors. Owing to novel synthesis strategies resulting in more biocompatible MIPs in the form of soluble nanogels, these synthetic antibodies have found favor in the biomedical domain since 2010, when for the first time, they were shown to capture and eliminate a toxin in live mice. This review, covering the years 2015-2020, will first describe the rationale behind these antibody mimics, and the different synthesis methods that have been employed for the preparation of MIPs destined for in vitro and in vivo targeting and bioimaging of cancer biomarkers, an emerging and fast-growing area of MIP applications. MIPs have been synthesized for targeting and visualizing glycans and protein-based cell receptors overexpressed in certain diseases, which are well-known biomarkers for example for tumors. When loaded with drugs, the MIPs could locally kill the tumor cells, making them efficient therapeutic agents. We will end the review by reporting how MIPs themselves can act as therapeutics by inhibiting cancer growth. These works mark a new opening in the use of MIPs for antibody therapy and even immunotherapy, as materials of the future in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Haupt
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Paulina X Medina Rangel
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Bernadette Tse Sum Bui
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
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Xu J, Miao H, Wang J, Pan G. Molecularly Imprinted Synthetic Antibodies: From Chemical Design to Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906644. [PMID: 32101378 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Billions of dollars are invested into the monoclonal antibody market every year to meet the increasing demand in clinical diagnosis and therapy. However, natural antibodies still suffer from poor stability and high cost, as well as ethical issues in animal experiments. Thus, developing antibody substitutes or mimics is a long-term goal for scientists. The molecular imprinting technique presents one of the most promising strategies for antibody mimicking. The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are also called "molecularly imprinted synthetic antibodies" (MISAs). The breakthroughs of key technologies and innovations in chemistry and material science in the last decades have led to the rapid development of MISAs, and their molecular affinity has become comparable to that of natural antibodies. Currently, MISAs are undergoing a revolutionary transformation of their applications, from initial adsorption and separation to the rising fields of biomedicine. Herein, the fundamental chemical design of MISAs is examined, and then current progress in biomedical applications is the focus. Meanwhile, the potential of MISAs as qualified substitutes or even to transcend the performance of natural antibodies is discussed from the perspective of frontier needs in biomedicines, to facilitate the rapid development of synthetic artificial antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xu
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, P. R. China
- Sino-European School of Technology of Shanghai University, Shanghai University, Shanghai, CN-200444, P. R. China
| | - Haohan Miao
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Jixiang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, P. R. China
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Qin YT, Feng YS, Ma YJ, He XW, Li WY, Zhang YK. Tumor-Sensitive Biodegradable Nanoparticles of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Stabilized Fluorescent Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 for Targeted Imaging and Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:24585-24598. [PMID: 32390415 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Targeting enrichment of nanocarriers at tumor sites and effective drug release are critical in cancer treatment. Accordingly, we used fluorescent zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin (FZIF-8/DOX) as the core and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as the shell to synthesize tumor-sensitive biodegradable FZIF-8/DOX-MIP nanoparticles (FZIF-8/DOX-MIPs). The MIP prepared with the epitope of CD59 cell membrane glycoprotein as the template allowed FZIF-8/DOX-MIPs to be enriched to tumor sites by actively targeting recognition of MCF-7 cancer cells (CD59-positive). Moreover, using N,N'-diacrylylcystamine as the cross-linker and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate as the main monomer, the MIP's framework will be broken under the stimulation of a tumor microenvironment (high-concentration glutathione and weakly acidic), so that the internal FZIF-8/DOX is exposed to a microacidic environment to release DOX through further degradation. More importantly, the ability of FZIF-8/DOX-MIPs in targeted fluorescence imaging and effective drug release has been validated both in vitro and in vivo. Compared to other cells and nanoparticles, FZIF-8/DOX-MIPs were more capable of being phagocytosed by MCF-7 cells and were more lethal to MCF-7 cells. In the comparative experiments carried out on tumor-bearing mice, FZIF-8/DOX-MIPs had the best inhibitory effect on the growth of MCF-7 tumors. Furthermore, the FZIF-8/DOX-MIPs can serve as a diagnostic agent because of the active targeting of MCF-7 cells and the stronger red fluorescence of the embedded carbon quantum dots. Because of the active targeting ability, good biocompatibility, tumor-sensitive biodegradability, and effective drug release performance, FZIF-8/DOX-MIPs can be widely used in tumor imaging and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Qin
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Feng
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yao-Jia Ma
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xi-Wen He
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wen-You Li
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu-Kui Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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