1
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Li C, Li W, Sun C, Ma Z, Wei Y, Ma W, Yang B, Li X, Luo Y, Yang J. Enhancing Thermoelectric and Cooling Performance of Bi 0.5Sb 1.5Te 3 through Ferroelectric Polarization in Flexible Ag/PZT/PVDF/Bi 0.5Sb 1.5Te 3 Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39149867 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c11129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Bi2Te3-based thin films are gaining recognition for their remarkable room temperature thermoelectric performance. Beyond the conventional "process-composition-performance" paradigm, it is highly desirable to explore new methods to enhance their performance further. Here, we designed a sandwich-structured Ag/PZT/PVDF/Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3(BST) thin film device and effectively regulated the performance of the BST film by controlling the polarization state of the PZT/PVDF layers. Results indicate that polarization induces interlayer charge redistribution and charge transfer between PZT/PVDF and BST, thereby achieving the continuous modulation of the electrical transport characteristics of BST films. Finally, following polarization at a saturation voltage of 3 kV, the power factor of the BST film increased by 13% compared to the unpolarized condition, reaching 20.8 μW cm-1 K-2. Furthermore, a device with 7 pairs of P-N legs was fabricated, achieving a cooling temperature difference of 11.0 K and a net cooling temperature difference of 2.4 K at a current of 10 mA after the saturation polarization of the PZT/PVDF layer. This work reveals the critical effect of introducing ferroelectric layer polarization to achieve excellent thermoelectric performance of the BST film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Li
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wang Li
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chengwei Sun
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yingchao Wei
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wenyuan Ma
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Boyu Yang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Luo
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Junyou Yang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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2
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Gong T, Gao L, Kang L, Shi M, Hou G, Zhang S, Meng D, Li J, Su W. Ultrahigh Power Factor of Sputtered Nanocrystalline N-Type Bi 2Te 3 Thin Film via Vacancy Defect Modulation and Ti Additives. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403845. [PMID: 39120071 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Magnetron-sputtered thermoelectric thin films have the potential for reproducibility and scalability. However, lattice mismatch during sputtering can lead to increased defects in the epitaxial layer, which poses a significant challenge to improving their thermoelectric performance. In this work, nanocrystalline n-type Bi2Te3 thin films with an average grain size of ≈110 nm are prepared using high-temperature sputtering and post-annealing. Herein, it is demonstrated that high-temperature treatment exacerbates Te evaporation, creating Te vacancies and electron-like effects. Annealing improves crystallinity, increases grain size, and reduces defects, which significantly increases carrier mobility. Furthermore, the pre-deposited Ti additives are ionized at high temperatures and partially diffused into Bi2Te3, resulting in a Ti doping effect that increases the carrier concentration. Overall, the 1 µm thick n-type Bi2Te3 thin film exhibits a room temperature resistivity as low as 3.56 × 10-6 Ω∙m. Notably, a 5 µm thick Bi2Te3 thin film achieves a record power factor of 6.66 mW mK-2 at room temperature, which is the highest value reported to date for n-type Bi2Te3 thin films using magnetron sputtering. This work demonstrates the potential for large-scale of high-quality Bi2Te3-based thin films and devices for room-temperature TE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingrui Gong
- Microsystem & Terahertz Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610200, China
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621999, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Microsystem & Terahertz Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610200, China
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621999, China
| | - Lingfeng Kang
- Microsystem & Terahertz Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610200, China
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621999, China
| | - Maolin Shi
- Microsystem & Terahertz Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610200, China
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621999, China
| | - Gu Hou
- Microsystem & Terahertz Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610200, China
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621999, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- Microsystem & Terahertz Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610200, China
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621999, China
| | - Dechao Meng
- Microsystem & Terahertz Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610200, China
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621999, China
| | - Juntao Li
- Microsystem & Terahertz Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610200, China
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621999, China
| | - Wei Su
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621999, China
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3
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Yuan Y, Ding C, Yin R, Lu S, Xu J, Ren W, Li K, Zhao W. A Strategy for Fabricating Ultra-Flexible Thermoelectric Films Using Ag 2Se-Based Ink. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3784. [PMID: 39124453 PMCID: PMC11312965 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Flexible thermoelectric materials have drawn significant attention from researchers due to their potential applications in wearable electronics and the Internet of Things. Despite many reports on these materials, it remains a significant challenge to develop cost-effective methods for large-scale, patterned fabrication of materials that exhibit both excellent thermoelectric performance and remarkable flexibility. In this study, we have developed an Ag2Se-based ink with excellent printability that can be used to fabricate flexible thermoelectric films by screen printing and low-temperature sintering. The printed films exhibit a Seebeck coefficient of -161 μV/K and a power factor of 3250.9 μW/m·K2 at 400 K. Moreover, the films demonstrate remarkable flexibility, showing minimal changes in resistance after being bent 5000 times at a radius of 5 mm. Overall, this research offers a new opportunity for the large-scale patterned production of flexible thermoelectric films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhuan Yuan
- Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.Y.); (R.Y.); (W.Z.)
| | - Chaogang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (C.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Rui Yin
- Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.Y.); (R.Y.); (W.Z.)
| | - Shun Lu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China;
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (C.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Wei Ren
- Changsha Semiconductor Technology and Application Innovation Research Institute, College of Semiconductors, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Kang Li
- Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.Y.); (R.Y.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.Y.); (R.Y.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (C.D.); (J.X.)
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4
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Cui GP, Feng CP, Xu SC, Sun KY, Ji JC, Hou L, Lan HB, Shang HJ, Ding FZ. 3D-printed Bi 2Te 3-based Thermoelectric Generators for Energy Harvesting and Temperature Response. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35353-35360. [PMID: 38940538 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are environmentally friendly energy harvesting technologies that hold great promise in the field of self-powered electronics and sensing. However, the current development of thermoelectric (TE) devices has largely lagged behind the development of thermoelectric materials, especially in the preparation of thermoelectric components with customizable shapes and excellent properties, which largely limits their practical applications. These issues can be effectively addressed by using 3D printing technology. Here, we print multiple p-type thermoelectric legs (pins) consecutively with this simple technique, and the printed TEGs have excellent thermal potential (288 μV K-1 at room temperature) and excellent temperature response properties, which exhibited an output voltage of 127.94 mV at a temperature difference (ΔT) of 40 K. The 3D-printed thermoelectric generator enables the collection of thermal energy. In addition, the device has excellent temperature sensing characteristics, and this temperature signal to electrical signal conversion is very rapid, which enables temperature sensing alarms in a wide temperature domain. Combining these features, an energy harvesting and electrical alarm concept for home-scale applications is proposed, which is expected to provide a diverse research idea for the application of next-generation thermoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Peng Cui
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Ping Feng
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Cun Xu
- Qingdao Engineering Vocational College, Qingdao 266112, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Yin Sun
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Chao Ji
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hou
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bo Lan
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jing Shang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Fa-Zhu Ding
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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5
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Zhang L, Shang H, Zou Q, Feng C, Gu H, Ding F. High-Power-Density and Excellent-Flexibility Thermoelectric Generator Based on All-SWCNTs/PVP Composites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306125. [PMID: 38282085 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Flexible polymer/single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) composites are a vital component for wearable/portable electronics, but the development of their n-type counterpart is laggard. Furthermore, little attention is paid to the interaction between SWCNT and polymers, especially the unconjugated polymers, as well as the conversion mechanism of conduction characteristics. Here, the n-type flexible SWCNTs/Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) films are successfully fabricated, where the oxygen atoms in PVP interacted with SWCNT via hydrogen bonds, which can lower the energy barrier of electron tunneling, providing the pathway for the electron transfer. Furthermore, with the increasing synthesis temperature, the hydrogen bonds strengthened and the thermal activation energy further improved, both of which enhanced the electron-donating ability of PVP, resulting in a high-power-factor value of 260 µW m-1 K-2. Based on the optimized SWCNTs/PVP films, a thermoelectric module is assembled, which achieved a power density of 400 µW cm-2 at a temperature difference of 56 K, coupled with excellent flexibility, showing a less than 1% variation of resistance after 5000 bending cycles. It shows the highest output-performance and the best flexibility among the reported SWCNT-based thermoelectric modules. This work provides significant insights into the interaction mechanism and performance optimization of hybrid thermoelectric composites, based on SWCNTs/unconjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity and Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongjing Shang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity and Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity and Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Changping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity and Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hongwei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity and Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fazhu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity and Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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6
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Guo S, Zhu W, Han G, Zhang Q, Zhou J, Guo Z, Bao S, Liu Y, Zhao S, Wang B, Deng Y. Direct Melt-Calendaring of Highly Textured (Bi,Sb) 2Te 3 Thick Films: Superior Thermoelectric and Mechanical Performance via Strain Engineering. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400589. [PMID: 38934342 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The evolutions of chip thermal management and micro energy harvesting put forward urgent need for micro thermoelectric devices. Nevertheless, low-performance thermoelectric thick films as well as the complicated precision cutting process for hundred-micron thermoelectric legs still remain the bottleneck hindering the advancement of micro thermoelectric devices. In this work, an innovative direct melt-calendaring manufacturing technology is first proposed with specially designed and assembled equipment, that enables direct, rapid, and cost-effective continuous manufacturing of Bi2Te3-based films with thickness of hundred microns. Based on the strain engineering with external glass coating confinement and controlled calendaring deformation degree, enhanced thermoelectric performance has been achieved for (Bi,Sb)2Te3 thick films with highly textured nanocrystals, which can promote carrier mobility over 182.6 cm2 V-1 s-1 and bring out a record-high zT value of 0.96 and 1.16 for n-type and p-type (Bi,Sb)2Te3 thick films, respectively. The nanoscale interfaces also further improve the mechanical strength with excellent elastic modules (over 42.0 GPa) and hardness (over 1.7 GPa), even superior to the commercial zone-melting ingots and comparable to the hot-extrusion (Bi,Sb)2Te3 alloys. This new fabrication strategy is versatile to a wide range of inorganic thermoelectric thick films, which lays a solid foundation for the development of micro thermoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Materials and Chip Integration Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Innovation Institute of Beihang University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Guangyu Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Materials and Chip Integration Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Innovation Institute of Beihang University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhanpeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Materials and Chip Integration Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Innovation Institute of Beihang University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Shucheng Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shijie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Materials and Chip Integration Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Innovation Institute of Beihang University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Boyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Materials and Chip Integration Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Innovation Institute of Beihang University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yuan Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Materials and Chip Integration Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Innovation Institute of Beihang University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
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7
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Xue FN, Liu T, Ding X, Lu Y, Zhang JC, Xu FJ. High-Performance W-Doped Bi 0.5Sb 1.5Te 3 Flexible Thermoelectric Films and Generators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:26025-26033. [PMID: 38717862 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Bi-Sb-Te-based thermoelectric materials have the best room-temperature thermoelectric properties, but their inherent brittleness and rigidity limit their application in the wearable field. In this study, W-doped p-type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 (W-BST) thin films were prepared using magnetron sputtering on polyimide substrates to create thermoelectric generators (TEGs). Bending tests showed that the thin film has excellent flexibility and mechanical durability, meeting the flexible requirements of wearable devices. W doping can significantly increase the carrier concentration, Seebeck coefficient, and electrical conductivity of BST thin films. At 300 K, the power factor of the W-BST film is 2.25 times higher than that of the undoped film, reaching 13.75 μW cm-1 K-2. First-principles calculations showed that W doping introduces significant impurity peaks in the bandgap, in which W d electrons remarkably hybridize with the Sb and Te p electrons, leading to an improved electrical conductivity of BST films. Furthermore, W doping significantly reduces the work function of BST films, thereby improving the carrier mobility. A TEG module fabricated from four layers of W-BST thin films achieved a maximum output power density of 6.91 mW cm-2 at a temperature difference of 60 K. Application tests showed that the flexible TEG module could power a portable clock using the temperature difference between body temperature and room temperature. At a medium temperature of 439 K, the assembled TEG module can provide a stable output voltage of 1.51 V to power a LED. This study demonstrates the feasibility of combining inorganic thermoelectric materials with flexible substrates to create high-performance flexible TEGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Feng-Ning Xue
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaokang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ji-Cai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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8
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Li D, Shi XL, Zhu J, Cao T, Ma X, Li M, Han Z, Feng Z, Chen Y, Wang J, Liu WD, Zhong H, Li S, Chen ZG. High-performance flexible p-type Ce-filled Fe 3CoSb 12 skutterudite thin film for medium-to-high-temperature applications. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4242. [PMID: 38762562 PMCID: PMC11102547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48677-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
P-type Fe3CoSb12-based skutterudite thin films are successfully fabricated, exhibiting high thermoelectric performance, stability, and flexibility at medium-to-high temperatures, based on preparing custom target materials and employing advanced pulsed laser deposition techniques to address the bonding challenge between the thin films and high-temperature flexible polyimide substrates. Through the optimization of fabrication processing and nominal doping concentration of Ce, the thin films show a power factor of >100 μW m-1 K-2 and a ZT close to 0.6 at 653 K. After >2000 bending cycle tests at a radius of 4 mm, only a 6 % change in resistivity can be observed. Additionally, the assembled p-type Fe3CoSb12-based flexible device exhibits a power density of 135.7 µW cm-2 under a temperature difference of 100 K with the hot side at 623 K. This work fills a gap in the realization of flexible thermoelectric devices in the medium-to-high-temperature range and holds significant practical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lei Shi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, ARC Research Hub in Zero-emission Power Generation for Carbon Neutrality, and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Jiaxi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Cao
- School of Chemistry and Physics, ARC Research Hub in Zero-emission Power Generation for Carbon Neutrality, and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Chemistry and Physics, ARC Research Hub in Zero-emission Power Generation for Carbon Neutrality, and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Zhuokun Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yixing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jianyuan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Di Liu
- School of Chemistry and Physics, ARC Research Hub in Zero-emission Power Generation for Carbon Neutrality, and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Hong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Shuangming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, ARC Research Hub in Zero-emission Power Generation for Carbon Neutrality, and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia.
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9
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Ma H, Pu S, Wu H, Jia S, Zhou J, Wang H, Ma W, Wang Z, Yang L, Sun Q. Flexible Ag 2Se Thermoelectric Films Enable the Multifunctional Thermal Perception in Electronic Skins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7453-7462. [PMID: 38303156 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Skin is critical for shaping our interactions with the environment. The electronic skin (E-skin) has emerged as a promising interface for medical devices to replicate the functions of damaged skin. However, exploration of thermal perception, which is crucial for physiological sensing, has been limited. In this work, a multifunctional E-skin based on flexible thermoelectric Ag2Se films is proposed, which utilizes the Seebeck effect to replicate the sensory functions of natural skin. The E-skin can enable capabilities including temperature perception, tactile perception, contactless perception, and material recognition by analyzing the thermal conduction behaviors of various materials. To further validate the capabilities of constructed E-skins, a wearable device with multiple sensory channels was fabricated and tested for gesture recognition. This work highlights the potential for using flexible thermoelectric materials in advanced biomedical applications including health monitoring and smart prosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangshui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyu Pu
- Department of Ultrasonography, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shiyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiamin Zhou
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wangta Ma
- College of Geography and Biological Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zegao Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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10
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Zhang L, Shang H, Zou Q, Feng C, Gu H, Ding F. n-Type PVP/SWCNT Composite Films with Improved Stability for Thermoelectric Power Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6025-6032. [PMID: 38282582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are one of the promising thermoelectric materials in applications of powering wearable electronics. However, the electrical performance of n-type SWCNTs quickly decreases in air, showing a low stability, and low-cost and effective solutions to improving its stability are also lacking, all of which limit practical applications. In this study, we studied the stability of PVP/SWCNT composite films, where oxygen and moisture from air should be responsible for the decreased stability due to oxidation and hydration. In this case, we found that coating with a 0.20 g mL-1 PVP/0.002 g mL-1 PVDF layer on the surface of PVP/SWCNTs can prevent the penetration of oxygen and moisture from air, improving film stability, where there is almost no reduction in thermoelectric performance after they are exposed to air for 60 days. Based on the stable n-type PVP/SWCNT films, a thermoelectric generator was fabricated, where poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) was used to coat the surface of the thermoelectric leg to further improve its stability. This generator showed high output performance, which achieved an open-circuit voltage of 10.6 mV and a power density of 312.2 μW cm-2 at a temperature difference of 50 K. Particularly, it exhibited high stability, where the output performance kept almost unchanged after exposure to high-humidity air for 30 days. This coating technology is also applicable to other air-sensitive materials and promotes the development and application of thermoelectric materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity and Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongjing Shang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity and Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Advanced Electromagnetic Drive Technology, Qilu Zhongke, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity and Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity and Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongwei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity and Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Advanced Electromagnetic Drive Technology, Qilu Zhongke, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fazhu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity and Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Advanced Electromagnetic Drive Technology, Qilu Zhongke, Jinan 250100, China
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11
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Li C, Luo Y, Li W, Yang B, Sun C, Ma Z, Ma W, Wei Y, Liu H, Jiang Q, Li X, Yang J. Significant Enhancement of Thermoelectric Performance in Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 Thin Film via Ferroelectric Polarization Engineering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306248. [PMID: 37759392 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The Bi0.5 Sb1.5 Te3 (BST) thin film shows great promise in harvesting low-grade heat energy due to its excellent thermoelectric performance at room temperature. In order to further enhance its thermoelectric performance, specifically the power factor and output power, new approaches are highly desirable beyond the common "composition-structure-performance" paradigm. This study introduces ferroelectric polarization engineering as a novel strategy to achieve these goals. A Pb(Zr0.52 Ti0.48 )O3 /Bi0.5 Sb1.5 Te3 (PZT/BST) hybrid film is fabricated via magnetron sputtering. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate PZT polarization's influence on charge redistribution and interlayer charge transfer at the PZT/BST interface, facilitating adjustable carrier transport behavior and power factor of the BST film. As a result, a 26.7% enhancement of the power factor, from unpolarized 12.0 to 15.2 µW cm-1 K-2 , is reached by 2 kV out-of-plane downward polarization of PZT. Furthermore, a five-leg generator constructed using this PZT/BST hybrid film exhibits a maximum output power density of 13.06 W m-2 at ΔT = 39 K, which is 20.8% higher than that of the unpolarized one (10.81 W m-2 ). The research presents a new approach to enhance thermoelectric thin films' power factor and output performance by introducing ferroelectric polarization engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Li
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Luo
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wang Li
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Boyu Yang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chengwei Sun
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wenyuan Ma
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yingchao Wei
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Haiqiang Liu
- College of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, P. R. China
| | - Qinghui Jiang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Junyou Yang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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12
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Deng T, Gao Z, Qiu P, Zhou Z, Ming C, Liu Z, Li Z, Yang S, Wei TR, Wang G, Chen L, Shi X. High Thermoelectric Power Factors in Plastic/Ductile Bulk SnSe 2 -Based Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304219. [PMID: 38011362 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The recently discovered plastic/ductile inorganic thermoelectric (TE) materials open a new avenue for the fabrication of high-efficiently flexible TE devices, which can utilize the small temperature difference between human body and environment to generate electricity. However, the maximum power factor (PF) of current plastic/ductile TE materials is usually around or less than 10 µW cm-1 K-2 , much lower than the classic brittle TE materials. In this work, a record-high PF of 18.0 µW cm-1 K-2 at 375 K in plastic/ductile bulk SnSe2 -based crystals is reported, superior to all the plastic inorganic TE materials and flexible organic TE materials reported before. The origin of such high PF is from the modulation of material's stacking forms and polymorph crystal structures via simultaneously doping Cl/Br at Se-site and intercalating Cu inside the van der Waals gap, leading to the significantly enhanced carrier concentrations and mobilities. An in-plane fully flexible TE device made of the plastic/ductile SnSe2 -based crystals is successfully developed to show a record-high normalized maximum power density to 0.18 W m-1 under a temperature difference of 30 K. This work indicates that the plastic/ductile material can realize high TE power factor to achieve large output electric power density in flexible TE technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Deng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pengfei Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chen Ming
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Shiqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Tian-Ran Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Genshui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Lidong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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13
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Yang D, Shi XL, Li M, Nisar M, Mansoor A, Chen S, Chen Y, Li F, Ma H, Liang GX, Zhang X, Liu W, Fan P, Zheng Z, Chen ZG. Flexible power generators by Ag 2Se thin films with record-high thermoelectric performance. Nat Commun 2024; 15:923. [PMID: 38296942 PMCID: PMC10830499 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploring new near-room-temperature thermoelectric materials is significant for replacing current high-cost Bi2Te3. This study highlights the potential of Ag2Se for wearable thermoelectric electronics, addressing the trade-off between performance and flexibility. A record-high ZT of 1.27 at 363 K is achieved in Ag2Se-based thin films with 3.2 at.% Te doping on Se sites, realized by a new concept of doping-induced orientation engineering. We reveal that Te-doping enhances film uniformity and (00l)-orientation and in turn carrier mobility by reducing the (00l) formation energy, confirmed by solid computational and experimental evidence. The doping simultaneously widens the bandgap, resulting in improved Seebeck coefficients and high power factors, and introduces TeSe point defects to effectively reduce the lattice thermal conductivity. A protective organic-polymer-based composite layer enhances film flexibility, and a rationally designed flexible thermoelectric device achieves an output power density of 1.5 mW cm-2 for wearable power generation under a 20 K temperature difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Istitut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Xiao-Lei Shi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, ARC Research Hub in Zero-emission Power Generation for Carbon Neutrality, and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Meng Li
- School of Chemistry and Physics, ARC Research Hub in Zero-emission Power Generation for Carbon Neutrality, and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Mohammad Nisar
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Adil Mansoor
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Yuexing Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Fu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Hongli Ma
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Istitut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Guang Xing Liang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Xianghua Zhang
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Istitut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Weidi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Physics, ARC Research Hub in Zero-emission Power Generation for Carbon Neutrality, and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ping Fan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Zhuanghao Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, ARC Research Hub in Zero-emission Power Generation for Carbon Neutrality, and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia.
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14
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Lu Y, Zhou Y, Wang W, Hu M, Huang X, Mao D, Huang S, Xie L, Lin P, Jiang B, Zhu B, Feng J, Shi J, Lou Q, Huang Y, Yang J, Li J, Li G, He J. Staggered-layer-boosted flexible Bi 2Te 3 films with high thermoelectric performance. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:1281-1288. [PMID: 37500776 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01457-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) thermoelectrics are promising candidates for low-grade heat harvesting. However, the brittleness and inflexibility of Bi2Te3 are far reaching and bring about lifelong drawbacks. Here we demonstrate good pliability over 1,000 bending cycles and high power factors of 4.2 (p type) and 4.6 (n type) mW m-1 K-2 in Bi2Te3-based films that were exfoliated from corresponding single crystals. This unprecedented bendability was ascribed to the in situ observed staggered-layer structure that was spontaneously formed during the fabrication to promote stress propagation whilst maintaining good electrical conductivity. Unexpectedly, the donor-like staggered layer rarely affected the carrier transport of the films, thus maintaining its superior thermoelectric performance. Our flexible generator showed a high normalized power density of 321 W m-2 with a temperature difference of 60 K. These high performances in supple thermoelectric films not only offer useful paradigms for wearable electronics, but also provide key insights into structure-property manipulation in inorganic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- International School of Microelectronics, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wu Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingyuan Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiege Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dasha Mao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peijian Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binbin Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianghe Feng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianxu Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Lou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqing He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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15
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Ma F, Ao D, Sun B, Liu WD, Jabar B, Liu X. Direct Current Treatment Tuning Crystallinity Leading to High-Performance p-Type Sb 2Te 3 Flexible Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37668-37674. [PMID: 37474529 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
With the development of wearable electronics, inorganic flexible thin films (f-TFs) with high thermoelectric performance have attracted increasing research interest. To further enhance the thermoelectric performance of p-type inorganic Sb2Te3-based f-TFs, we employed direct current treatment to tune the crystallinity by rationally tuning the direct current treatment time. Correspondingly, a high electrical conductivity of >845 S cm-1 and a moderate Seebeck coefficient of >110 μV K-1 within the entire measurement temperature range have been simultaneously achieved. Consequently, a high power factor of 12.84 μW cm-1 K-2 at 423 K has been realized in the as-prepared p-type Sb2Te3 f-TF treated by a direct current of 5 A for 4 min. A flexible thermoelectric device has been further assembled to demonstrate the power-generating capacity. This study indicates that the direct current treatment is an effective method to improve the thermoelectric performance of Sb2Te3 f-TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Dongwei Ao
- School of Machinery and Automation, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bing Sun
- School of Machinery and Automation, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Wei-Di Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bushra Jabar
- Institute for Metallic Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
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16
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Yuan Z, Zhao X, Wang C, Hang S, Li M, Liu Y. Exploring Material Properties and Device Output Performance of a Miniaturized Flexible Thermoelectric Generator Using Scalable Synthesis of Bi 2Se 3 Nanoflakes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1937. [PMID: 37446453 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental heat-to-electric energy conversion presents a promising solution for powering sensors in wearable and portable devices. However, the availability of near-room temperature thermoelectric (TE) materials is highly limited, posing a significant challenge in this field. Bi2Se3, as a room-temperature TE material, has attracted much attention. Here, we demonstrate a large-scale synthesis of Bi2Se3 nanoflakes used for the microflexible TE generator. A high-performance micro-TE generator module, utilizing a flexible printed circuit, has been designed and fabricated through the process of screen printing. The TE generator configuration comprises five pairs of PN TE legs. The p-type TE leg utilizes commercially available Sb2Te3 powder, while the n-type TE leg employs Bi2Se3 nanoflakes synthesized in this study. For comparative purposes, we also incorporate commercially available Bi2Se3 powder as an alternative n-type TE leg. The optimal performance of the single-layer microflexible TE generator, employing Bi2Se3 nanoflakes as the active material, is achieved when operating at a temperature differential of 109.5 K, the open-circuit voltage (VOC) is 0.11 V, the short circuit current (ISC) is 0.34 mA, and the maximum output power (PMAX) is 9.5 μW, much higher than the generator consisting of commercial Bi2Se3 powder, which is expected to provide an energy supply for flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Yuan
- Reactor Engineering Sub-Institute, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Xueke Zhao
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Canhui Wang
- Reactor Engineering Sub-Institute, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Shuang Hang
- Inter-University Institute for High Energies, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mengyao Li
- Inter-University Institute for High Energies, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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17
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Chen C, Yu P, Wang LM, Li G. High-Conductivity Chalcogenide Glasses in Ag-Ga 2Te 3-SnTe Systems and Their Suitability as Thermoelectric Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19170-19177. [PMID: 37016789 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel high-conductivity Agx[(Ga2Te3)34(SnTe)66]100-x tellurium-based glassy system was fabricated via melt spinning with the glass formation area in the range of x = 0-15 mol %. A bulk Ag10[(Ga2Te3)34(SnTe)66]90 glass (A10) was obtained via spark plasma sintering at 450 K using a 5 min dwell time and 400 MPa pressure. The fabricated A10 glass exhibited higher room-temperature conductivity (σ300 K = 46 S m-1), larger glass transition temperature (Tg = 482 K), and ultralower thermal conductivity (∼0.19 W m-1 K-1) compared to those of previously reported Cu-Ge-Te, Cu-As-Te, Cu-Ge-As-Te, and Cu-As-Se-Te glassy systems with the approximate doping concentrations of 5-20%, demonstrating that this distinctive Ag-Ga2Te3-SnTe system is interesting materials for thermoelectric applications. The high-conductivity Ag-Ga2Te3-SnTe glassy system will extend investigations into similar glassy semiconductors and also can be used for preparing glass ceramics with potential applications in other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Li-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Gong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
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18
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Zhang M, Cao X, Wen M, Chen C, Wen Q, Fu Q, Deng H. Highly Electrical Conductive PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT Flexible Thermoelectric Films Fabricated by a High-Velocity Non-solvent Turbulent Secondary Doping Approach. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10947-10957. [PMID: 36797207 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Materials based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) can be potentially employed as flexible thermoelectric generators (TEGs) to capture waste heat and generate electrical energy. Among various methods, secondary doping is an effective way to modulate its thermoelectric (TE) performance. Different from conventional measures such as dropping, soaking, and steam fumigation, strong shear is integrated with the doping process and termed high-velocity non-solvent turbulent secondary doping (HNTD). We systematically investigate the transformation of PEDOT:PSS during this procedure and the formation mechanism of its highly conductive pathway. It is illustrated that PEDOT:PSS experiences PSS swelling, the phase separation of PEDOT from PSS, the removal of isolated PSS, and the evolution of PEDOT to a linear conformation. These evolutions contribute to the substantial elevation of electrical conductivity (σ). Furthermore, by employing continuous single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) networks as structural units, highly conductive flexible PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT TE thin films could be prepared without sacrificing the Seebeck coefficient (S). Additionally, the effect of HNTD and direct addition method on TE properties of composite films is also compared. Finally, the PEDOT:PSS composite film with 40 wt % SWCNTs by the HNTD method exhibits the maximized power factor (PF) of 501.31 ± 19.23 μW m-1 K-2 with σ of 4717.8 ± 41.51 S cm-1 and S of 32.6 ± 0.13 μV K-1 at room temperature. It is worth mentioning that the σ value 4717.8 ± 41.51 S cm-1 is the highest among the composites based on commercial carbon fillers and organic semiconductors. Finally, a 6-leg TEGs prototype is assembled and illustrates an output power of 4.416 μW under a temperature difference (ΔT) of 58 K. It is thought that such a strategy may provide some guidelines for manufacturing PEDOT:PSS-based functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyin Cao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ming Wen
- Special Polymer Materials for Automobile Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Chuanhuan Technology Co. Ltd., Dazhou 635100, P. R. China
| | - Chuanliang Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qichao Wen
- Special Polymer Materials for Automobile Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Chuanhuan Technology Co. Ltd., Dazhou 635100, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Hua Deng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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19
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Yang Q, Yang S, Qiu P, Peng L, Wei TR, Zhang Z, Shi X, Chen L. Flexible thermoelectrics based on ductile semiconductors. Science 2022; 377:854-858. [PMID: 35981042 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Flexible thermoelectrics provide a different solution for developing portable and sustainable flexible power supplies. The discovery of silver sulfide-based ductile semiconductors has driven a shift in the potential for flexible thermoelectrics, but the lack of good p-type ductile thermoelectric materials has restricted the reality of fabricating conventional cross-plane π-shaped flexible devices. We report a series of high-performance p-type ductile thermoelectric materials based on the composition-performance phase diagram in AgCu(Se,S,Te) pseudoternary solid solutions, with high figure-of-merit values (0.45 at 300 kelvin and 0.68 at 340 kelvin) compared with other flexible thermoelectric materials. We further demonstrate thin and flexible π-shaped devices with a maximum normalized power density that reaches 30 μW cm-2 K-2. This output is promising for the use of flexible thermoelectrics in wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Liming Peng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tian-Ran Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, 75103 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lidong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Xin B, Wang L, Le Febvrier A, Elsukova A, Paul B, Solin N, Eklund P. Mechanically Flexible Thermoelectric Hybrid Thin Films by Introduction of PEDOT:PSS in Nanoporous Ca 3Co 4O 9. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23988-23994. [PMID: 35847324 PMCID: PMC9281307 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous Ca3Co4O9 exhibits high thermoelectric properties and low thermal conductivity and can be made mechanically flexible by nanostructural design. To improve the mechanical flexibility with retained thermoelectric properties near room temperature, however, it is desirable to incorporate an organic filler in this nanoporous inorganic matrix material. Here, double-layer nanoporous Ca3Co4O9/PEDOT:PSS thin films were synthesized by spin-coating PEDOT:PSS into the nanopores. The obtained hybrid films exhibit high Seebeck coefficient (∼+130 μV/K) and thermoelectric power factor (0.75 μW cm-1 K-2) at room temperature with no deterioration in electrical properties after cyclic bending tests (98% preservation of electrical conductivity after 1000 cycles bending to a bending radius of 3 mm). Compared with the nanoporous Ca3Co4O9 thin film, the mechanical flexibility of the hybrid film can be effectively improved after hybrid with PEDOT:PSS with only a slight decrease of the thermoelectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xin
- Thin
Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology
(IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lei Wang
- Electronic
and Photonic Materials Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry
and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Arnaud Le Febvrier
- Thin
Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology
(IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Elsukova
- Thin
Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology
(IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Biplab Paul
- Thin
Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology
(IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Niclas Solin
- Electronic
and Photonic Materials Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry
and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Eklund
- Thin
Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology
(IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
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21
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Recent Advances in Materials for Wearable Thermoelectric Generators and Biosensing Devices. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124315. [PMID: 35744374 PMCID: PMC9230808 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, self-powered health monitoring systems using a wearable thermoelectric generator (WTEG) have been rapidly developed since no battery is needed for continuous signal monitoring, and there is no need to worry about battery leakage. However, the existing materials and devices have limitations in rigid form factors and small-scale manufacturing. Moreover, the conventional bulky WTEG is not compatible with soft and deformable tissues, including human skins or internal organs. These limitations restrict the WTEG from stabilizing the thermoelectric gradient that is necessary to harvest the maximum body heat and generate valuable electrical energy. This paper summarizes recent advances in soft, flexible materials and device designs to overcome the existing challenges. Specifically, we discuss various organic and inorganic thermoelectric materials with their properties for manufacturing flexible devices. In addition, this review discusses energy budgets required for effective integration of WTEGs with wearable biomedical systems, which is the main contribution of this article compared to previous articles. Lastly, the key challenges of the existing WTEGs are discussed, followed by describing future perspectives for self-powered health monitoring systems.
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22
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Influence of Thermoelectric Properties and Parasitic Effects on the Electrical Power of Thermoelectric Micro-Generators. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15103746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Heat recovery systems based on thermoelectric micro-generators (µ-TEGs) can play a significant role in the development of wireless, energetically autonomous electronics. However, to date, the power density recovered for low temperature differences using µ-TEGs is limited to a few micro-watts or less, which is still insufficient to power a wide-range of wireless devices. To develop more efficient µ-TEGs, material, device and system requirements must be considered simultaneously. In this study, an innovative design of an in-plane µ-TEG integrating bismuth telluride forming sinusoidal-shaped trenches is reported. Using 3D numerical modelling, the influence of boundary conditions, parasitic effects (electrical and thermal contact resistances), and transport properties of thermoelectric materials on the output power of these µ-TEGs are investigated in detail for a small temperature difference of 5 K between the hot and cold sources. Compared to wavy-shaped trenches, this novel shape enables enhancing the output power. The results show that either the thermal conductivity or the Seebeck coefficient of the active n- and p-type semiconductors is the key parameter that should be minimized or maximized, depending on the magnitude of the parasitic effects.
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23
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Ao D, Liu W, Chen Y, Wei M, Jabar B, Li F, Shi X, Zheng Z, Liang G, Zhang X, Fan P, Chen Z. Novel Thermal Diffusion Temperature Engineering Leading to High Thermoelectric Performance in Bi 2 Te 3 -Based Flexible Thin-Films. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103547. [PMID: 34939357 PMCID: PMC8844477 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flexible Bi2 Te3 -based thermoelectric devices can function as power generators for powering wearable electronics or chip-sensors for internet-of-things. However, the unsatisfied performance of n-type Bi2 Te3 flexible thin films significantly limits their wide application. In this study, a novel thermal diffusion method is employed to fabricate n-type Te-embedded Bi2 Te3 flexible thin films on flexible polyimide substrates, where Te embeddings can be achieved by tuning the thermal diffusion temperature and correspondingly result in an energy filtering effect at the Bi2 Te3 /Te interfaces. The energy filtering effect can lead to a high Seebeck coefficient ≈160 µV K-1 as well as high carrier mobility of ≈200 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room-temperature. Consequently, an ultrahigh room-temperature power factor of 14.65 µW cm-1 K-2 can be observed in the Te-embedded Bi2 Te3 flexible thin films prepared at the diffusion temperature of 623 K. A thermoelectric sensor is also assembled through integrating the n-type Bi2 Te3 flexible thin films with p-type Sb2 Te3 counterparts, which can fast reflect finger-touch status and demonstrate the applicability of as-prepared Te-embedded Bi2 Te3 flexible thin films. This study indicates that the thermal diffusion method is an effective way to fabricate high-performance and applicable flexible Te-embedded Bi2 Te3 -based thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Wei Ao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and ApplicationsKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Di Liu
- Centre for Future Materials University of Southern Queensland Springfield CentralBrisbaneQLD4300Australia
- School of Mechanical and Mining EngineeringThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
| | - Yue‐Xing Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and ApplicationsKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Meng Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and ApplicationsKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Bushra Jabar
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and ApplicationsKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Fu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and ApplicationsKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Lei Shi
- Centre for Future Materials University of Southern Queensland Springfield CentralBrisbaneQLD4300Australia
- School of Mechanical and Mining EngineeringThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
| | - Zhuang‐Hao Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and ApplicationsKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Xing Liang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and ApplicationsKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Xiang‐Hua Zhang
- Univ RennesCNRSISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR6226RennesF‐35000France
| | - Ping Fan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and ApplicationsKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Gang Chen
- Centre for Future Materials University of Southern Queensland Springfield CentralBrisbaneQLD4300Australia
- School of Mechanical and Mining EngineeringThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
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24
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Lei Y, Qi R, Chen M, Chen H, Xing C, Sui F, Gu L, He W, Zhang Y, Baba T, Baba T, Lin H, Mori T, Koumoto K, Lin Y, Zheng Z. Microstructurally Tailored Thin β-Ag 2 Se Films toward Commercial Flexible Thermoelectrics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104786. [PMID: 34837249 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to overcome both the structural and commercial limitations of flexible thermoelectric power generators, an efficient room-temperature aqueous selenization reaction that can be completed in air within less than 1 min, to directly fabricate thin β-Ag2 Se films consisting of perfectly crystalline and large columnar grains with both in-plane randomness and out-of-plane [201] preferred orientation, is designed. A high power factor (PF) of 2590 ± 414 µW m-1 K-2 and a figure-of-merit (zT) of 1.2 ± 0.42 are obtained from a sample with a thickness of ≈1 µm. The maximum output power density of the best 4-leg thermoelectric generator sample reach 27.6 ± 1.95 and 124 ± 8.78 W m-2 at room temperature with 30 and 60 K temperature differences, respectively, which may be useful in future flexible thermoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lei
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Storage and Conversion Materials of Henan Province, College of Advanced Materials and Energy, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, Xuchang University, No. 88 Bayi Road, Xuchang City, Henan, 461000, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, North First Street 2, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ruijuan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Department of Electronic Science, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, No. 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Miaoying Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Storage and Conversion Materials of Henan Province, College of Advanced Materials and Energy, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, Xuchang University, No. 88 Bayi Road, Xuchang City, Henan, 461000, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Storage and Conversion Materials of Henan Province, College of Advanced Materials and Energy, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, Xuchang University, No. 88 Bayi Road, Xuchang City, Henan, 461000, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Xing
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Storage and Conversion Materials of Henan Province, College of Advanced Materials and Energy, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, Xuchang University, No. 88 Bayi Road, Xuchang City, Henan, 461000, P. R. China
| | - Fengrui Sui
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Department of Electronic Science, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, No. 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Longyan Gu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Storage and Conversion Materials of Henan Province, College of Advanced Materials and Energy, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, Xuchang University, No. 88 Bayi Road, Xuchang City, Henan, 461000, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei He
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Storage and Conversion Materials of Henan Province, College of Advanced Materials and Energy, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, Xuchang University, No. 88 Bayi Road, Xuchang City, Henan, 461000, P. R. China
| | - Yange Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Storage and Conversion Materials of Henan Province, College of Advanced Materials and Energy, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, Xuchang University, No. 88 Bayi Road, Xuchang City, Henan, 461000, P. R. China
| | - Takahiro Baba
- National Institute for Materials Science, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3050044, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Baba
- National Institute for Materials Science, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3050044, Japan
| | - Hong Lin
- State Key Lab New Ceramic & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Takao Mori
- National Institute for Materials Science, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3050044, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8671, Japan
| | - Kunihito Koumoto
- Nagoya Industrial Science Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-0819, Japan
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuan Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, North First Street 2, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Storage and Conversion Materials of Henan Province, College of Advanced Materials and Energy, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, Xuchang University, No. 88 Bayi Road, Xuchang City, Henan, 461000, P. R. China
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25
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Hou Y, Yang Y, Wang Z, Li Z, Zhang X, Bethers B, Xiong R, Guo H, Yu H. Whole Fabric-Assisted Thermoelectric Devices for Wearable Electronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103574. [PMID: 34741444 PMCID: PMC8728843 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Flexible thermoelectric generators (f-TEGs) have demonstrated great potential in wearable self-powered health monitoring devices. However, the existing wearable f-TEGs are neither flexible enough to bend and stretch while maintaining the device's integrity with a good TE performance nor directly compatible with clothes materials. Here, ultraflexible fabric-based thermoelectric generators (uf-TEGs) are proposed with conductive cloth electrodes and elastic fabric substrate. The patterned elastic fabric substrate fits the rigid cuboids well, together with serpentine structured cloth electrodes, rendering uf-TEG with excellent integrity and flexibility, thereby achieving a highly functional TE performance when strain reaches 30% or on arbitrarily shaped heat sources. The uf-TEGs show a large peak power of 64.10 μW for a temperature difference of 33.24 K with a high voltage output of 111.49 mV, which is superior compared to previously reported fabric-based TEG devices, and it is still functional after the water immersion test. Besides the energy harvesting function, with both the temperature sensing ability and the touch perception, this uf-TEG is demonstrated as the electrical skin when mounted on a robot. Moreover, due to the wind-sensitive performance and self-power ability, the uf-TEGs are assembled on cloth as wearable health and motion monitoring devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyKowloonHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringSan Diego State University5500 Campanile DriveSan DiegoCA92182USA
| | - Ziyu Wang
- The Institute of Technological SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyKowloonHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Xingzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro‐ and Nano‐Structures of Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and TechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Brandon Bethers
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringSan Diego State University5500 Campanile DriveSan DiegoCA92182USA
| | - Rui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro‐ and Nano‐Structures of Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and TechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Haizhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Material PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and ApplicationsShandong Normal UniversityJinan250358P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyKowloonHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
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26
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Rong G, Zheng Y, Sawan M. Energy Solutions for Wearable Sensors: A Review. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21113806. [PMID: 34072770 PMCID: PMC8197793 DOI: 10.3390/s21113806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wearable sensors have gained popularity over the years since they offer constant and real-time physiological information about the human body. Wearable sensors have been applied in a variety of ways in clinical settings to monitor health conditions. These technologies require energy sources to carry out their projected functionalities. In this paper, we review the main energy sources used to power wearable sensors. These energy sources include batteries, solar cells, biofuel cells, supercapacitors, thermoelectric generators, piezoelectric and triboelectric generators, and radio frequency (RF) energy harvesters. Additionally, we discuss wireless power transfer and some hybrids of the above technologies. The advantages and drawbacks of each technology are considered along with the system components and attributes that make these devices function effectively. The objective of this review is to inform researchers about the latest developments in this field and present future research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguang Rong
- CenBRAIN Lab., School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; (G.R.); (Y.Z.)
- CenBRAIN Lab., Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yuqiao Zheng
- CenBRAIN Lab., School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; (G.R.); (Y.Z.)
- CenBRAIN Lab., Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Mohamad Sawan
- CenBRAIN Lab., School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; (G.R.); (Y.Z.)
- CenBRAIN Lab., Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-8738-1206
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27
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Yang S, Qiu P, Chen L, Shi X. Recent Developments in Flexible Thermoelectric Devices. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Pengfei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Lidong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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Xu W, Zhao Y, Wang H, Wang H, Pan F, Xu R, Hou H. Postsynthetic‐Modified PANI/MOF Composites with Tunable Thermoelectric and Photoelectric Properties. Chemistry 2021; 27:5011-5018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Xu
- The College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- The College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Huarui Wang
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471022 China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- The College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Fangfang Pan
- College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Ruixue Xu
- The College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- The College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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29
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Liu H, Liu P, Zhang M, Tian Z, Wang N, Liu Y, Zhang X. Properties of PEDOT nanowire/Te nanowire nanocomposites and fabrication of a flexible thermoelectric generator. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33965-33971. [PMID: 35519064 PMCID: PMC9056714 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02223c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-weight, mechanically flexible, transparent thermoelectric devices are promising as portable, and easy-to-integrate energy sources. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanowires (PEDOT NWs) possessing high electrical conductivity were synthesized by a facile self-assembled micellar soft-template method. And then, Te nanowires (Te NWs) with high Seebeck coefficient were easily synthesized by the solution process and then added as an inorganic filler to form the PEDOT NW/Te NW nanocomposite films via a simple and convenient vacuum filtration method. The thermoelectric (TE) properties of the nanocomposites were characterized in this research. A maximum power factor of 58.03 μW m-1 K-2 is obtained from the film containing 90 wt% Te NWs at room temperature, which is dozens of times that of the pure PEDOT NW film. This work uses the as-prepared PEDOT NWs/Te NW (90 wt%) nanocomposite film to fabricate a flexible thermoelectric generator and an output voltage of 2.8 mV was generated at a temperature difference of 13.5 K between the environment and human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Liu
- Tiangong University No. 399, West Binshui Road, Xi Qing District Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Tiangong University No. 399, West Binshui Road, Xi Qing District Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Tiangong University No. 399, West Binshui Road, Xi Qing District Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Zihan Tian
- Tiangong University No. 399, West Binshui Road, Xi Qing District Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Ning Wang
- Tiangong University No. 399, West Binshui Road, Xi Qing District Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Yanxin Liu
- Tiangong University No. 399, West Binshui Road, Xi Qing District Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Xingxiang Zhang
- Tiangong University No. 399, West Binshui Road, Xi Qing District Tianjin 300387 China
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30
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Shi XL, Zou J, Chen ZG. Advanced Thermoelectric Design: From Materials and Structures to Devices. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7399-7515. [PMID: 32614171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The long-standing popularity of thermoelectric materials has contributed to the creation of various thermoelectric devices and stimulated the development of strategies to improve their thermoelectric performance. In this review, we aim to comprehensively summarize the state-of-the-art strategies for the realization of high-performance thermoelectric materials and devices by establishing the links between synthesis, structural characteristics, properties, underlying chemistry and physics, including structural design (point defects, dislocations, interfaces, inclusions, and pores), multidimensional design (quantum dots/wires, nanoparticles, nanowires, nano- or microbelts, few-layered nanosheets, nano- or microplates, thin films, single crystals, and polycrystalline bulks), and advanced device design (thermoelectric modules, miniature generators and coolers, and flexible thermoelectric generators). The outline of each strategy starts with a concise presentation of their fundamentals and carefully selected examples. In the end, we point out the controversies, challenges, and outlooks toward the future development of thermoelectric materials and devices. Overall, this review will serve to help materials scientists, chemists, and physicists, particularly students and young researchers, in selecting suitable strategies for the improvement of thermoelectrics and potentially other relevant energy conversion technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Shi
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland 4300, Australia.,School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jin Zou
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland 4300, Australia.,School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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