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Han X, Scialla S, Limiti E, Davis ET, Trombetta M, Rainer A, Jones SW, Mauri E, Zhang ZJ. Nanoscopic gel particle for intra-articular injection formulation. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 163:213956. [PMID: 39032433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) based nanogels showed effective intracellular delivery efficacy for anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drugs, characterized by their ability targeting relevant cell receptors. In the present study, we demonstrate the ability of hyaluronic acid-polyethyleneimine (HA-PEI) nanogels as a promising dual-functional interfacial active for intra-articular injection to intervene arthritis. Nanomechanical measurements on both model substrates and human cartilage samples confirm that the HA-PEI nanogels can significantly improve interfacial lubrication, in comparison to HA molecules, or silica-based nanoparticles. We show that the Coefficient of Friction significantly decreases with a decreasing nanogel size. The exceptional lubricating performance, coupled with the proven drug delivery capability, evidences the great potential of nanoscopic hydrogels for early-stage arthritis treatment. The flexibility in choosing the chemical nature, molecular architecture, and structural characteristics of nanogels makes it possible to modulate both drug delivery kinetics and interfacial lubrication, thus representing an innovative approach to treat degenerative joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Scialla
- Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics - Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Emanuele Limiti
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Edward T Davis
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol Road, Birmingham, B31 2AP, United Kingdom
| | - Marcella Trombetta
- Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Rainer
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, via Álvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Simon W Jones
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC Versus Arthritis Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Mauri
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Zhenyu J Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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2
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Ahmed DW, Tan ML, Gabbard J, Liu Y, Hu MM, Stevens M, Midekssa FS, Han L, Zemans RL, Baker BM, Loebel C. Local photo-crosslinking of native tissue matrix regulates cell function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.10.607417. [PMID: 39149281 PMCID: PMC11326225 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.10.607417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Within most tissues, the extracellular microenvironment provides mechanical cues that guide cell fate and function. Changes in the extracellular matrix such as aberrant deposition, densification and increased crosslinking are hallmarks of late-stage fibrotic diseases that often lead to organ dysfunction. Biomaterials have been widely used to mimic the mechanical properties of the fibrotic matrix and study cell function. However, the initiation of fibrosis has largely been overlooked, due to the challenges in recapitulating early fibrotic lesions within the native extracellular microenvironment. Using visible light mediated photochemistry, we induced local crosslinking and stiffening of extracellular matrix proteins within ex vivo murine and human tissue. In ex vivo lung tissue of epithelial cell lineage-traced mice, local matrix crosslinking mimicked early fibrotic lesions that increased alveolar epithelial cell spreading, differentiation and extracellular matrix remodeling. However, inhibition of cytoskeletal tension or integrin engagement reduced epithelial cell spreading and differentiation, resulting in alveolar epithelial cell dedifferentiation and reduced extracellular matrix deposition. Our findings emphasize the role of local extracellular matrix crosslinking and remodeling in early-stage tissue fibrosis and have implications for ex vivo disease modeling and applications to other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia W Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan
| | - Matthew L Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan
| | | | - Yuchen Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University
| | - Michael M Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan
| | - Miriam Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan
| | | | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan
| | | | - Claudia Loebel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan
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3
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Mallah A, Stojkova K, Cohen RN, Abu-Lail N, Brey EM, Gonzalez Porras MA. Atomic force microscopy characterization of white and beige adipocyte differentiation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024:10.1007/s11626-024-00925-z. [PMID: 38831186 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00925-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays an essential role in systemic metabolism with white adipose tissue (WAT) making up most of the tissue and being involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, and brown and beige adipose tissue (BAT) exhibiting thermogenic activity. There is promise in the conversion of white adipocytes into beige ones as a therapeutic potential to control and enhance systemic metabolism, but it is difficult to maintain this transformation in vivo because we do not fully understand the mechanism of conversion. In this study, we applied atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize beige or white adipocytes during the process of differentiation for morphology, roughness, adhesion, and elasticity at different time points. As cells differentiated to white and beige adipocytes, they exhibited morphological changes as they lipid loaded, transitioning from flattened elongated cells to a rounded shape indicating adipogenesis. While there was an initial decrease in elasticity for both beige and white adipocytes, white adipocytes exhibited a higher elasticity than beige adipocytes at all time points. Beige and white adipogenesis exhibited a decrease in adhesion energy compared to preadipocytes, yet at day 12, white adipocytes had a significant increase in adhesion energy compared to beige adipocytes. This work shows significant differences in the mechanical properties of white vs. beige adipocytes during differentiation. Results from this study contribute to a better understanding of the differentiation of adipocytes which are vital to the therapeutic induction, engineered models, and maintenance of beige adipocytes as a potential approach for enhancing systemic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Mallah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, AET 1.3681 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Katerina Stojkova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, AET 1.3681 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ronald N Cohen
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nehal Abu-Lail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, AET 1.3681 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Eric M Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, AET 1.3681 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Maria A Gonzalez Porras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, AET 1.3681 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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4
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Arnold KM, Weaver SR, Zars EL, Tschumperlin DJ, Westendorf JJ. Inhibition of Phlpp1 preserves the mechanical integrity of articular cartilage in a murine model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:680-689. [PMID: 38432607 PMCID: PMC11127785 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Phlpp1 inhibition is a potential therapeutic strategy for cartilage regeneration and prevention of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). To understand how Phlpp1 loss affects cartilage structure, cartilage elastic modulus was measured with atomic force microscopy (AFM) in male and female mice after injury. METHODS Osteoarthritis was induced in male and female Wildtype (WT) and Phlpp1-/- mice by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). At various timepoints post-injury, activity was measured, and knee joints examined with AFM and histology. In another cohort of WT mice, the PHLPP inhibitor NSC117079 was intra-articularly injected 4 weeks after injury. RESULTS Male WT mice showed decreased activity and histological signs of cartilage damage at 12 but not 6-weeks post-DMM. Female mice showed a less severe response to DMM by comparison, with no histological changes seen at any time point. In both sexes the elastic modulus of medial condylar cartilage was decreased in WT mice but not Phlpp1-/- mice after DMM as measured by AFM. By 6-weeks, cartilage modulus had decreased from 2 MPa to 1 MPa in WT mice. Phlpp1-/- mice showed no change in modulus at 6-weeks and only a 25% decrease at 12-weeks. The PHLPP inhibitor NSC117079 protected cartilage structure and prevented signs of OA 6-weeks post-injury. CONCLUSIONS AFM is a sensitive method for detecting early changes in articular cartilage post-injury. Phlpp1 suppression, either through genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition, protects cartilage degradation in a model of PTOA, validating Phlpp1 as a therapeutic target for PTOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Arnold
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | | | - Elizabeth L Zars
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Lima I, Silva A, Sousa F, Ferreira W, Freire R, de Oliveira C, de Sousa J. Measuring the viscoelastic relaxation function of cells with a time-dependent interpretation of the Hertz-Sneddon indentation model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30623. [PMID: 38770291 PMCID: PMC11103437 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hertz-Sneddon elastic indentation model is widely adopted in the biomechanical investigation of living cells and other soft materials using atomic force microscopy despite the explicit viscoelastic nature of these materials. In this work, we demonstrate that an exact analytical viscoelastic force model for power-law materials, can be interpreted as a time-dependent Hertz-Sneddon-like model. Characterizing fibroblasts (L929) and osteoblasts (OFCOLII) demonstrates the model's accuracy. Our results show that the difference between Young's modulus E Y obtained by fitting force curves with the Hertz-Sneddon model and the effective Young's modulus derived from the viscoelastic force model is less than 3%, even when cells are probed at large forces where nonlinear deformation effects become significant. We also propose a measurement protocol that involves probing samples at different indentation speeds and forces, enabling the construction of the average viscoelastic relaxation function of samples by conveniently fitting the force curves with the Hertz-Sneddon model.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.V.M. Lima
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60440-900, Ceará, Brazil
| | - A.V.S. Silva
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60440-900, Ceará, Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Pau dos Ferros, 59900-000, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - F.D. Sousa
- Núcleo de Biologia Experimental, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, 60811-905, Ceará, Brazil
| | - W.P. Ferreira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60440-900, Ceará, Brazil
| | - R.S. Freire
- Central Analítica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60440-900, Ceará, Brazil
| | - C.L.N. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60440-900, Ceará, Brazil
| | - J.S. de Sousa
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60440-900, Ceará, Brazil
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6
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Regan K, LeBourdais R, Banerji R, Zhang S, Muhvich J, Zheng S, Nia HT. Multiscale elasticity mapping of biological samples in 3D at optical resolution. Acta Biomater 2024; 176:250-266. [PMID: 38160857 PMCID: PMC10922809 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of biological tissues have emerged as an integral determinant of tissue function in health and disease. Nonetheless, characterizing the elasticity of biological samples in 3D and at high resolution remains challenging. Here, we present a µElastography platform: a scalable elastography system that maps the elastic properties of tissues from cellular to organ scales. The platform leverages the use of a biocompatible, thermo-responsive hydrogel to deliver compressive stress to a biological sample and track its resulting deformation. By surrounding the specimen with a reference hydrogel of known Young's modulus, we are able to map the absolute values of elastic properties in biological samples. We validate the experimental and computational components of the platform using a hydrogel phantom and verify the system's ability to detect internal mechanical heterogeneities. We then apply the platform to map the elasticity of multicellular spheroids and the murine lymph node. With these applications, we demonstrate the platform's ability to map tissue elasticity at internal planes of interest, as well as capture mechanical heterogeneities neglected by most macroscale characterization techniques. The µElastography platform, designed to be implementable in any biology lab with access to 3D microscopy (e.g., confocal, multiphoton, or optical coherence microscopy), will provide the capability to characterize the mechanical properties of biological samples to labs across the large community of biological sciences by eliminating the need of specialized instruments such as atomic force microscopy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding the elasticity of biological tissues is of great importance, but characterizing these properties typically requires highly specialized equipment. Utilizing stimulus-responsive hydrogels, we present a scalable, hydrogel-based elastography method that uses readily available reagents and imaging modalities to generate resolved maps of internal elasticity within biomaterials and biological samples at optical resolution. This new approach is capable of detecting internal stiffness heterogeneities within the 3D bulk of samples and is highly scalable across both imaging modalities and biological length scales. Thus, it will have significant impact on the measurement capabilities of labs studying engineered biomaterials, mechanobiology, disease progression, and tissue engineering and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Regan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Robert LeBourdais
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rohin Banerji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sue Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Johnathan Muhvich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Siyi Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hadi T Nia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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7
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Hadzipasic M, Zhang S, Huang Z, Passaro R, Sten MS, Shankar GM, Nia HT. Emergence of nanoscale viscoelasticity from single cancer cells to established tumors. Biomaterials 2024; 305:122431. [PMID: 38169188 PMCID: PMC10837793 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Tumors are complex materials whose physical properties dictate growth and treatment outcomes. Recent evidence suggests time-dependent physical properties, such as viscoelasticity, are crucial, distinct mechanical regulators of cancer progression and malignancy, yet the genesis and consequences of tumor viscoelasticity are poorly understood. Here, using Wide-bandwidth AFM-based ViscoElastic Spectroscopy (WAVES) coupled with mathematical modeling, we probe the origins of tumor viscoelasticity. From single carcinoma cells to increasingly sized carcinoma spheroids to established tumors, we describe a stepwise evolution of dynamic mechanical properties that create a nanorheological signature of established tumors: increased stiffness, decreased rate-dependent stiffening, and reduced energy dissipation. We dissect this evolution of viscoelasticity by scale, and show established tumors use fluid-solid interactions as the dominant mechanism of mechanical energy dissipation as opposed to fluid-independent intrinsic viscoelasticity. Additionally, we demonstrate the energy dissipation mechanism in spheroids and established tumors is negatively correlated with the cellular density, and this relationship strongly depends on an intact actin cytoskeleton. These findings define an emergent and targetable signature of the physical tumor microenvironment, with potential for deeper understanding of tumor pathophysiology and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamed Hadzipasic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sue Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhuoying Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Passaro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret S Sten
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ganesh M Shankar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hadi T Nia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Karami P, Stampoultzis T, Guo Y, Pioletti DP. A guide to preclinical evaluation of hydrogel-based devices for treatment of cartilage lesions. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:12-31. [PMID: 36638938 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The drive to develop cartilage implants for the treatment of major defects in the musculoskeletal system has resulted in a major research thrust towards developing biomaterial devices for cartilage repair. Investigational devices for the restoration of articular cartilage are considered as significant risk materials by regulatory bodies and therefore proof of efficacy and safety prior to clinical testing represents a critical phase of the multidisciplinary effort to bridge the gap between bench and bedside. To date, review articles have thoroughly covered different scientific facets of cartilage engineering paradigm, but surprisingly, little attention has been given to the preclinical considerations revolving around the validation of a biomaterial implant. Considering hydrogel-based cartilage products as an example, the present review endeavors to provide a summary of the critical prerequisites that such devices should meet for cartilage repair, for successful implantation and subsequent preclinical validation prior to clinical trials. Considerations pertaining to the choice of appropriate animal model, characterization techniques for the quantitative and qualitative outcome measures, as well as concerns with respect to GLP practices are also extensively discussed. This article is not meant to provide a systematic review, but rather to introduce a device validation-based roadmap to the academic investigator, in anticipation of future healthcare commercialization. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: There are significant challenges around translation of in vitro cartilage repair strategies to approved therapies. New biomaterial-based devices must undergo exhaustive investigations to ensure their safety and efficacy prior to clinical trials. These considerations are required to be applied from early developmental stages. Although there are numerous research works on cartilage devices and their in vivo evaluations, little attention has been given into the preclinical pathway and the corresponding approval processes. With a focus on hydrogel devices to concretely illustrate the preclinical path, this review paper intends to highlight the various considerations regarding the preclinical validation of hydrogel devices for cartilage repair, from regulatory considerations, to implantation strategies, device performance aspects and characterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Karami
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Theofanis Stampoultzis
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yanheng Guo
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique P Pioletti
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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9
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Gao J, Ren P, Gong H. Morphological and mechanical alterations in articular cartilage and subchondral bone during spontaneous hip osteoarthritis in guinea pigs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1080241. [PMID: 36756384 PMCID: PMC9900117 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1080241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the morphological and mechanical changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone during spontaneous hip osteoarthritis in guinea pigs. Materials and methods: Hip joints of guinea pigs were investigated at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months of age (hereafter denoted as 1 M, 3 M, 6 M, and 9 M, respectively; n = 7 in each group). Morphological and mechanical alterations during spontaneous hip osteoarthritis in guinea pigs were investigated. The alterations included the micromechanical properties of articular cartilage (stiffness and creep deformation), microstructure of the subchondral bone (bone mineral density, bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, and trabecular separation), micromorphology of the articular cartilage, and surface nanostructure (grain size and roughness) of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Results: Micromechanical properties of articular cartilage in 1 M showed the lowest stiffness and highest creep deformation with no significant differences in stiffness or creep deformation amongst 3 M, 6 M, and 9 M. Articular cartilage thickness decreased with age. The earliest degeneration of articular cartilage occurred at 6 months of age, characterised by surface unevenness and evident chondrocytes reduction in micromorphology, as well as increased grain size and decreased roughness in nanostructure. No degeneration at micro- or nanostructure of subchondral bone was observed before 9 months. Conclusion: Morphological degeneration of cartilage occurred before degeneration of mechanical properties. Meanwhile, degeneration of cartilage occurred before degeneration of subchondral bone during hip osteoarthritis. The current study provided novel insights into the structural and micromechanical interaction of hip osteoarthritis, which can serve as a theoretical basis for understanding the formation and progression of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazi Gao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Nanling Campus, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengling Ren
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - He Gong
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Nanling Campus, Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: He Gong,
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10
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Orton K, Batchelor W, Ziebarth NM, Best TM, Travascio F, Jackson AR. Biomechanical properties of porcine meniscus as determined via AFM: Effect of region, compartment and anisotropy. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280616. [PMID: 36662701 PMCID: PMC9858324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The meniscus is a fibrocartilaginous tissue that plays an essential role in load transmission, lubrication, and stabilization of the knee. Loss of meniscus function, through degeneration or trauma, can lead to osteoarthritis in the underlying articular cartilage. To perform its crucial function, the meniscus extracellular matrix has a particular organization, including collagen fiber bundles running circumferentially, allowing the tissue to withstand tensile hoop stresses developed during axial loading. Given its critical role in preserving the health of the knee, better understanding structure-function relations of the biomechanical properties of the meniscus is critical. The main objective of this study was to measure the compressive modulus of porcine meniscus using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM); the effects of three key factors were investigated: direction (axial, circumferential), compartment (medial, lateral) and region (inner, outer). Porcine menisci were prepared in 8 groups (= 2 directions x 2 compartments x 2 regions) with n = 9 per group. A custom AFM was used to obtain force-indentation curves, which were then curve-fit with the Hertz model to determine the tissue's compressive modulus. The compressive modulus ranged from 0.75 to 4.00 MPa across the 8 groups, with an averaged value of 2.04±0.86MPa. Only direction had a significant effect on meniscus compressive modulus (circumferential > axial, p = 0.024), in agreement with earlier studies demonstrating that mechanical properties in the tissue are anisotropic. This behavior is likely the result of the particular collagen fiber arrangement in the tissue and plays a key role in load transmission capability. This study provides important information on the micromechanical properties of the meniscus, which is crucial for understanding tissue pathophysiology, as well as for developing novel treatments for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Orton
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Wyndham Batchelor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
| | - Noel M. Ziebarth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
| | - Thomas M. Best
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami Sports Medicine Institute, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
| | - Francesco Travascio
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
- Max Biedermann Institute for Biomechanics at Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alicia R. Jackson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
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Wang C, Kahle ER, Li Q, Han L. Nanomechanics of Aggrecan: A New Perspective on Cartilage Biomechanics, Disease and Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1402:69-82. [PMID: 37052847 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-25588-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a hydrated macromolecular composite mainly composed of type II collagen fibrils and the large proteoglycan, aggrecan. Aggrecan is a key determinant of the load bearing and energy dissipation functions of cartilage. Previously, studies of cartilage biomechanics have been primarily focusing on the macroscopic, tissue-level properties, which failed to elucidate the molecular-level activities that govern cartilage development, function, and disease. This chapter provides a brief summary of Dr. Alan J. Grodzinsky's seminal contribution to the understanding of aggrecan molecular mechanics at the nanoscopic level. By developing and applying a series of atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanomechanical tools, Grodzinsky and colleagues revealed the unique structural and mechanical characteristics of aggrecan at unprecedented resolutions. In this body of work, the "bottle-brush"-like ultrastructure of aggrecan was directly visualized for the first time. Meanwhile, molecular mechanics of aggrecan was studied using a physiological-like 2D biomimetic assembly of aggrecan on multiple fronts, including compression, dynamic loading, shear, and adhesion. These studies not only generated new insights into the development, aging, and disease of cartilage, but established a foundation for designing and evaluating novel cartilage regeneration strategies. For example, building on the scientific foundation and methodology infrastructure established by Dr. Grodzinsky, recent studies have elucidated the roles of other proteoglycans in mediating cartilage integrity, such as decorin and perlecan, and evaluated the therapeutic potential of biomimetic proteoglycans in improving cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Kahle
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qing Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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12
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Singh D, Punia B, Chaudhury S. Theoretical Tools to Quantify Stochastic Fluctuations in Single-Molecule Catalysis by Enzymes and Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47587-47600. [PMID: 36591158 PMCID: PMC9798497 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule microscopic techniques allow the counting of successive turnover events and the study of the time-dependent fluctuations of the catalytic activities of individual enzymes and different sites on a single heterogeneous nanocatalyst. It is important to establish theoretical methods to obtain the statistical measurements of such stochastic fluctuations that provide insight into the catalytic mechanism. In this review, we discuss a few theoretical frameworks for evaluating the first passage time distribution functions using a self-consistent pathway approach and chemical master equations, to establish a connection with experimental observables. The measurable probability distribution functions and their moments depend on the molecular details of the reaction and provide a way to quantify the molecular mechanisms of the reaction process. The statistical measurements of these fluctuations should provide insight into the enzymatic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Singh
- School
of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv6997801, Israel
| | - Bhawakshi Punia
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srabanti Chaudhury
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune411008, Maharashtra, India
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13
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Chondrocyte Hypertrophy in Osteoarthritis: Mechanistic Studies and Models for the Identification of New Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244034. [PMID: 36552796 PMCID: PMC9777397 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage shows limited self-healing ability owing to its low cellularity and avascularity. Untreated cartilage defects display an increased propensity to degenerate, leading to osteoarthritis (OA). During OA progression, articular chondrocytes are subjected to significant alterations in gene expression and phenotype, including a shift towards a hypertrophic-like state (with the expression of collagen type X, matrix metalloproteinases-13, and alkaline phosphatase) analogous to what eventuates during endochondral ossification. Present OA management strategies focus, however, exclusively on cartilage inflammation and degradation. A better understanding of the hypertrophic chondrocyte phenotype in OA might give new insights into its pathogenesis, suggesting potential disease-modifying therapeutic approaches. Recent developments in the field of cellular/molecular biology and tissue engineering proceeded in the direction of contrasting the onset of this hypertrophic phenotype, but knowledge gaps in the cause-effect of these processes are still present. In this review we will highlight the possible advantages and drawbacks of using this approach as a therapeutic strategy while focusing on the experimental models necessary for a better understanding of the phenomenon. Specifically, we will discuss in brief the cellular signaling pathways associated with the onset of a hypertrophic phenotype in chondrocytes during the progression of OA and will analyze in depth the advantages and disadvantages of various models that have been used to mimic it. Afterwards, we will present the strategies developed and proposed to impede chondrocyte hypertrophy and cartilage matrix mineralization/calcification. Finally, we will examine the future perspectives of OA therapeutic strategies.
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14
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Kahle ER, Patel N, Sreenivasappa HB, Marcolongo MS, Han L. Targeting cell-matrix interface mechanobiology by integrating AFM with fluorescence microscopy. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 176:67-81. [PMID: 36055517 PMCID: PMC9691605 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensing at the interface of a cell and its surrounding microenvironment is an essential driving force of physiological processes. Understanding molecular activities at the cell-matrix interface has the potential to provide novel targets for improving tissue regeneration and early disease intervention. In the past few decades, the advancement of atomic force microscopy (AFM) has offered a unique platform for probing mechanobiology at this crucial microdomain. In this review, we describe key advances under this topic through the use of an integrated system of AFM (as a biomechanical testing tool) with complementary immunofluorescence (IF) imaging (as an in situ navigation system). We first describe the body of work investigating the micromechanics of the pericellular matrix (PCM), the immediate cell micro-niche, in healthy, diseased, and genetically modified tissues, with a focus on articular cartilage. We then summarize the key findings in understanding cellular biomechanics and mechanotransduction, in which, molecular mechanisms governing transmembrane ion channel-mediated mechanosensing, cytoskeleton remodeling, and nucleus remodeling have been studied in various cell and tissue types. Lastly, we provide an overview of major technical advances that have enabled more in-depth studies of mechanobiology, including the integration of AFM with a side-view microscope, multiple optomicroscopy, a fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) module, and a tensile stretching device. The innovations described here have contributed greatly to advancing the fundamental knowledge of extracellular matrix biomechanics and cell mechanobiology for improved understanding, detection, and intervention of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Kahle
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Neil Patel
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Harini B Sreenivasappa
- Cell Imaging Center, Office of Research and Innovation, Drexel University, PA 19104, United States
| | - Michele S Marcolongo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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15
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Pei S, Zhou Y, Li Y, Azar T, Wang W, Kim DG, Liu XS. Instrumented nanoindentation in musculoskeletal research. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 176:38-51. [PMID: 35660010 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and muscle, are natural composite materials that are constructed with a hierarchical structure ranging from the cell to tissue level. The component differences and structural complexity, together, require comprehensive multiscale mechanical characterization. In this review, we focus on nanoindentation testing, which is used for nanometer to sub-micrometer length scale mechanical characterization. In the following context, we will summarize studies of nanoindentation in musculoskeletal research, examine the critical factors that affect nanoindentation testing results, and briefly summarize other commonly used techniques that can be conjoined with nanoindentation for synchronized imaging and colocalized characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Pei
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Yilu Zhou
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Yihan Li
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Tala Azar
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Wenzheng Wang
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Do-Gyoon Kim
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - X Sherry Liu
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States.
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16
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Towards Clinical Translation of In Situ Cartilage Engineering Strategies: Optimizing the Critical Facets of a Cell-Laden Hydrogel Therapy. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 20:25-47. [PMID: 36244053 PMCID: PMC9852400 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Articular cartilage repair using implantable photocrosslinkable hydrogels laden with chondrogenic cells, represents a promising in situ cartilage engineering approach for surgical treatment. The development of a surgical procedure requires a minimal viable product optimized for the clinical scenario. In our previous work we demonstrated how gelatin based photocrosslinkable hydrogels in combination with infrapatellar derived stem cells allow the production of neocartilage in vitro. In this study, we aim to optimize the critical facets of the in situ cartilage engineering therapy: the cell source, the cell isolation methodology, the cell expansion protocol, the cell number, and the delivery approach. METHODS We evaluated the impact of the critical facets of the cell-laden hydrogel therapy in vitro to define an optimized protocol that was then used in a rabbit model of cartilage repair. We performed cells counting and immunophenotype analyses, chondrogenic potential evaluation via immunostaining and gene expression, extrusion test analysis of the photocrosslinkable hydrogel, and clinical assessment of cartilage repair using macroscopic and microscopic scores. RESULTS We identified the adipose derived stem cells as the most chondrogenic cells source within the knee joint. We then devised a minimally manipulated stem cell isolation procedure that allows a chondrogenic population to be obtained in only 85 minutes. We found that cell expansion prior to chondrogenesis can be reduced to 5 days after the isolation procedure. We characterized that at least 5 million of cells/ml is needed in the photocrosslinkable hydrogel to successfully trigger the production of neocartilage. The maximum repairable defect was calculated based on the correlation between the number of cells retrievable with the rapid isolation followed by 5-day non-passaged expansion phase, and the minimum chondrogenic concentration in photocrosslinkable hydrogel. We next optimized the delivery parameters of the cell-laden hydrogel therapy. Finally, using the optimized procedure for in situ tissue engineering, we scored superior cartilage repair when compared to the gold standard microfracture approach. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the possibility to repair a critical size articular cartilage defect by means of a surgical streamlined procedure with optimized conditions.
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17
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Mallah AH, Amr M, Gozen A, Mendenhall J, Van-Wie BJ, Abu-Lail NI. Interleukin 1β and lipopolysaccharides induction dictate chondrocyte morphological properties and reduce cellular roughness and adhesion energy comparatively. Biointerphases 2022; 17:051001. [PMID: 36180273 PMCID: PMC9526521 DOI: 10.1116/6.0001986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole joint disease marked by the degradation of the articular cartilage (AC) tissue, chronic inflammation, and bone remodeling. Upon AC's injury, proinflammatory mediators including interleukin 1β (IL1β) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) play major roles in the onset and progression of OA. The objective of this study was to mechanistically detect and compare the effects of IL1β and LPS, separately, on the morphological and nanomechanical properties of bovine chondrocytes. Cells were seeded overnight in a full serum medium and the next day divided into three main groups: A negative control (NC) of a reduced serum medium and 10 ng/ml IL1ß or 10 ng/ml LPS-modified media. Cells were induced for 24 h. Nanomechanical properties (elastic modulus and adhesion energy) and roughness were quantified using atomic force microscopy. Nitric oxide, prostaglandin 2 (PGE2), and matrix metalloproteinases 3 (MMP3) contents; viability of cells; and extracellular matrix components were quantified. Our data revealed that viability of the cells was not affected by inflammatory induction and IL1ß induction increased PGE2. Elastic moduli of cells were similar among IL1β and NC while LPS significantly decreased the elasticity compared to NC. IL1ß induction resulted in least cellular roughness while LPS induction resulted in least adhesion energy compared to NC. Our images suggest that IL1ß and LPS inflammation affect cellular morphology with cytoskeleton rearrangements and the presence of stress fibers. Finally, our results suggest that the two investigated inflammatory mediators modulated chondrocytes' immediate responses to inflammation in variable ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia H. Mallah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | - Mahmoud Amr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | - Arda Gozen
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Juana Mendenhall
- Department of Chemistry, Morehouse College, Atlanta, Georgia 30314
| | - Bernard J. Van-Wie
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Nehal I. Abu-Lail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, Texas 78249
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18
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Alkhalde A, Seferovic H, Abri A, Simbrunner A, Hinterdorfer P, Oh YJ. Assessment of Efficacy of a Novel Crosslinking Protocol with Intracameral Oxygen (Bubble-CXL) in Increasing the Corneal Stiffness Using Atomic Force Microscopy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12183185. [PMID: 36144973 PMCID: PMC9504955 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The environmental oxygen level plays a critical role in corneal crosslinking (CXL), a treatment method to increase corneal biomechanical stability. In this study, we introduce a new CXL method (Bubble-CXL), in which intracameral oxygen serves as an additional oxygen source during eye treatment. The efficiency of this new method was compared with the efficiency of the standard CXL method. Three fresh porcine eye pairs were included in this study. One eye of each pair was treated with standard CXL, whereas in the partner eye, intracameral oxygen was injected prior to CXL and removed at the end of the procedure. The Young's modulus of each cornea was measured using atomic force microscopy. All analyzed corneas treated with intracameral oxygen showed significantly higher Young's modulus and thus an increased stiffness compared to the cornea of the partner eye treated with the standard protocol. Using intracameral oxygen in CXL therapy may increase crosslinking efficiency and improve biomechanical corneal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Alkhalde
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Wels-Grieskirchen, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Hannah Seferovic
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (Y.J.O.)
| | - Ali Abri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Wels-Grieskirchen, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Alvana Simbrunner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Wels-Grieskirchen, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | | | - Yoo Jin Oh
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (Y.J.O.)
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Krull CM, Rife J, Klamer B, Purmessur D, Walter BA. Pericellular heparan sulfate proteoglycans: Role in regulating the biosynthetic response of nucleus pulposus cells to osmotic loading. JOR Spine 2022; 5:e1209. [PMID: 35783912 PMCID: PMC9238280 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Daily physiologic loading causes fluctuations in hydration of the intervertebral disc (IVD); thus, the embedded cells experience cyclic alterations to their osmotic environment. These osmotic fluctuations have been described as a mechanism linking mechanics and biology, and have previously been shown to promote biosynthesis in chondrocytes. However, this phenomenon has yet to be fully interrogated in the IVD. Additionally, the specialized extracellular matrix surrounding the cells, the pericellular matrix (PCM), transduces the biophysical signals that cells ultimately experience. While it is known that the PCM is altered in disc degeneration, whether it disrupts normal osmotic mechanotransduction has yet to be determined. Thus, our objectives were to assess: (1) whether dynamic osmotic conditions stimulate biosynthesis in nucleus pulposus cells, and (2) whether pericellular heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) modulate the biosynthetic response to osmotic loading. Methods Bovine nucleus pulposus cells isolated with retained PCM were encapsulated in 1.5% alginate beads and treated with or without heparinase III, an enzyme that degrades the pericellular HSPGs. Beads were subjected to 1 h of daily iso-osmotic, hyper-osmotic, or hypo-osmotic loading for 1, 2, or 4 weeks. At each timepoint the total amount of extracellular and pericellular sGAG/DNA were quantified. Additionally, whether osmotic loading triggered alterations to HSPG sulfation was assessed via immunohistochemistry for the heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfertransferase 1 (HS6ST1) enzyme. Results Osmotic loading significantly influenced sGAG/DNA accumulation with a hyper-osmotic change promoting the greatest sGAG/DNA accumulation in the pericellular region compared with iso-osmotic conditions. Heparanase-III treatment significantly reduced extracellular sGAG/DNA but pericellular sGAG was not affected. HS6ST1 expression was not affected by osmotic loading. Conclusion Results suggest that hyper-osmotic loading promotes matrix synthesis and that modifications to HSPGs directly influence the metabolic responses of cells to osmotic fluctuations. Collectively, results suggest degeneration-associated modifications to pericellular HSPGs may contribute to the altered mechanobiology observed in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly M. Krull
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Jordan Rife
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Brett Klamer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for BiostatisticsThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Devina Purmessur
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
- Spine Research InstituteThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Benjamin A. Walter
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
- Spine Research InstituteThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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20
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Xu X, Chu Y, Zhang Y, Li G, Yang P, Zhang J, Duan J, Yang H, Xu H, Wang M. Chondrocyte Adipogenic Differentiation in Softening Osteoarthritic Cartilage. J Dent Res 2021; 101:655-663. [PMID: 34903082 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211057539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A chondrocyte-to-osteoblast lineage continuum exists in the growth plate. Adipogenic differentiation of chondrocytes in vivo should be investigated. Here, unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC), which can induce osteoarthritic lesions in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), was applied to 6-wk-old C57BL/6 mice. Matrix loss in TMJ cartilage was obvious, as demonstrated by safranin O staining, and the condylar cartilage elastic modulus values, detected by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), were reduced, indicating cartilage softening that might be linked with loss of the highly charged proteoglycan. By crossing the Rosa26/tdTomato (TdT) mice with Sox9;CreERT2 mice or with Col10;CreERT2 mice, we obtained the Sox9-TdT and Col10-TdT strains, respectively, in which the Sox9- or Col10-expressing cells, accordingly, were labeled by TdT. A few TdT-labeled cells in both strains expressed AdipoQ or DMP-1. The Sox9-TdT+AdipoQ+ cells were primarily located in the deep zone cartilage and then in the whole cartilage. Col10-TdT+AdipoQ+ cells, Sox9-TdT+DMP-1+ cells, and Col10-TdT+DMP-1+ cells were located in the deep zone region. UAC promoted AdipoQ and DMP-1 expression in cartilage. The percentages of Sox9-TdT+AdipoQ+ and Col10-TdT+AdipoQ+ cells to Sox9-TdT+ and Col10-TdT+ cells, respectively, were increased (both P < 0.05), implying that more chondrocytes were undergoing adipogenic differentiation in the UAC group, the cartilage of which was softened. The percentages of Sox9-TdT+DMP-1+ and Col10-TdT+DMP-1+ cells to Sox9-TdT+ cells and Col10-TdT+ cells, respectively, were increased (both P < 0.05), consistent with our report that UAC enhanced deep zone cartilage calcification, causing stiffening of the deep zone cartilage. Our present data demonstrated that TMJ chondrocyte descendants can become adipogenic in vivo in addition to becoming osteogenic. This potential was promoted in osteoarthritic cartilage, in which deep zone cartilage calcification-associated cartilage stiffening and proteoglycan loss-associated cartilage softening were both stimulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xu
- School of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Chu
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - G Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - P Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - J Duan
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - H Yang
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - H Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - M Wang
- School of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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21
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Duan J, Zhang J, Yang H, Liu Q, Xie M, Zhang M, Chu Y, Zhou P, Yu S, Chen C, Wang M. Mineral deposition intervention through reduction of phosphorus intake suppresses osteoarthritic lesions in temporomandibular joint. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1370-1381. [PMID: 34126199 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the suppressing impact of low phosphorus intake on osteoarthritic temporomandibular joint and the possible mechanisms of nuclear acid injury in the insulted chondrocytes. DESIGN Chondrocytes were loaded with fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) with or without low phosphorus medium. Seventy-two mice (sampled at 3-, 7- and 11-wk, n = 6) and forty-eight rats (sampled at 12-wks for different testing purpose, n = 6) were applied with unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) with or without low phosphorus diet. In the FFSS model, the Ca and P content, molecules related to nucleic acid degradation and the mineral-producing responses in chondrocytes were detected. The effect of culture dish stiffness on chondrocytes osteogenic differentiation was measured. In the UAC model, the content of Ca and P in serum were tested. The condylar cartilage ossification and stiffness were detected using micro-CT, scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. RESULTS FFSS induced nucleic acid degradation, Pi accumulation and mineral-producing responses in the cultured chondrocytes, all were alleviated by low P medium. Stiffer dish bottoms promoted the osteogenic differentiation of the cultured chondrocytes. UAC stimulated cartilage degeneration and chondrocytes nucleic acid damage, increased PARP 1 and serum P content, and enhanced ossification and stiffening of the cartilage, all were suppressed by low phosphorus diet (all, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Nucleic acid damage takes a role in phosphorus production in osteoarthritic cartilage, contributing to the enhanced mineralization and stiffness of the cartilage that in turn promotes cartilage degradation, which can be alleviated by low phosphorus intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - J Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - H Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Q Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - M Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - M Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Y Chu
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - P Zhou
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, No. 72, Xiang Ya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China
| | - S Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - C Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - M Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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22
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Tschaikowsky M, Selig M, Brander S, Balzer BN, Hugel T, Rolauffs B. Proof-of-concept for the detection of early osteoarthritis pathology by clinically applicable endomicroscopy and quantitative AI-supported optical biopsy. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:269-279. [PMID: 33220445 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical trials for osteoarthritis (OA), the leading cause of global disability, are unable to pinpoint the early, potentially reversible disease with clinical technology. Hence, disease-modifying drug candidates cannot be tested early in the disease. To overcome this obstacle, we asked whether early OA-pathology detection is possible with current clinical technology. METHODS We determined the relationship between two sensitive early OA markers, atomic force microscopy (AFM)-measured human articular cartilage (AC) surface stiffness, and location-matched superficial zone chondrocyte spatial organizations (SCSOs), asking whether a significant loss of surface stiffness can be detected in early OA SCSO stages. We then tested whether current clinical technology can visualize and accurately diagnose the SCSOs using an approved probe-based confocal laser-endomicroscope and a random forest (RF) model. RESULTS We demonstrated a correlation between AC surface stiffness and the SCSO (rrm = -0.91; 95%CI: -0.97, -0.73), and an extensive loss of surface stiffness specifically in those ACs with early OA-typical SCSO (95%CIs: string SCSO: 269-173 kPa, double string SCSO: 77-46 kPa). This established the SCSO as a visualizable, functionally relevant surrogate marker of early OA AC surface pathology. Moreover, SCSO-based stiffness discrimination worked well in each patient's AC. We then demonstrated feasibility of visualizing the SCSO by clinical laser-endomicroscopy and, importantly, accurate SCSO diagnosis using RF. CONCLUSION We present the proof-of-concept of early OA-pathology detection with available clinical technology, introducing a future-oriented, AI-supported, non-destructive quantitative optical biopsy for early disease detection. Operationalizing SCSO recognition, this approach allows testing for correlations between local tissue architectures with other experimental and clinical read-outs, but needs clinical validation and a larger sample size for defining diagnostic thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tschaikowsky
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Selig
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Brander
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - B N Balzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence LivMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - T Hugel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence LivMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - B Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany.
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23
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Collins AT, Hu G, Newman H, Reinsvold MH, Goldsmith MR, Twomey-Kozak JN, Leddy HA, Sharma D, Shen L, DeFrate LE, Karner CM. Obesity alters the collagen organization and mechanical properties of murine cartilage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1626. [PMID: 33452305 PMCID: PMC7810701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a debilitating disease characterized by cartilage degradation and altered cartilage mechanical properties. Furthermore, it is well established that obesity is a primary risk factor for osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of obesity on the mechanical properties of murine knee cartilage. Two-month old wild type mice were fed either a normal diet or a high fat diet for 16 weeks. Atomic force microscopy-based nanoindentation was used to quantify the effective indentation modulus of medial femoral condyle cartilage. Osteoarthritis progression was graded using the OARSI system. Additionally, collagen organization was evaluated with picrosirius red staining imaged using polarized light microscopy. Significant differences between diet groups were assessed using t tests with p < 0.05. Following 16 weeks of a high fat diet, no significant differences in OARSI scoring were detected. However, we detected a significant difference in the effective indentation modulus between diet groups. The reduction in cartilage stiffness is likely the result of disrupted collagen organization in the superficial zone, as indicated by altered birefringence on polarized light microscopy. Collectively, these results suggest obesity is associated with changes in knee cartilage mechanical properties, which may be an early indicator of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber T Collins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Guoli Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Hunter Newman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Michael H Reinsvold
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Monique R Goldsmith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - John N Twomey-Kozak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Holly A Leddy
- Shared Materials Instrumentation Facility, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Leyao Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Louis E DeFrate
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Courtney M Karner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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24
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Li S, Wang X, Li Z, Huang Z, Lin S, Hu J, Tu Y. Research progress of single molecule force spectroscopy technology based on atomic force microscopy in polymer materials: Structure, design strategy and probe modification. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 PR China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 PR China
| | - Zhenzhu Huang
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou 510650 PR China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou 510650 PR China
- Incubator of Nanxiong CAS Co., Ltd. Nanxiong 512400 PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 PR China
| | - Shudong Lin
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou 510650 PR China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou 510650 PR China
- Incubator of Nanxiong CAS Co., Ltd. Nanxiong 512400 PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 PR China
| | - Jiwen Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou 510650 PR China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou 510650 PR China
- Incubator of Nanxiong CAS Co., Ltd. Nanxiong 512400 PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Tu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou 510650 PR China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou 510650 PR China
- Incubator of Nanxiong CAS Co., Ltd. Nanxiong 512400 PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 PR China
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25
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Chatterjee A, Dubey DK, Sinha SK. Effect of Loading on the Adhesion and Frictional Characteristics of Top Layer Articular Cartilage Nanoscale Contact: A Molecular Dynamics Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:46-62. [PMID: 33382944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a water-lubricated naturally occurring biological interface imparting unique mechanical and ultralow frictional properties in bone joints. Although the material of cartilage, synovial fluid composition, and their lubricating modes and properties have been extensively investigated at various scales experimentally, there is still a lack of understanding of load bearing, adhesion, and friction mechanisms of the cartilage-cartilage interface from an atomistic perspective under heavy loads. In this study, the effect of loading on adhesion and frictional behavior in articular cartilage is investigated with a proposed atomistic model for top layer cartilage-cartilage contact in unhydrated conditions using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Pull-off tests reveal that cohesive interactions occur at the interface due to formation of heavily interpenetrated atomistic sites leading to stretching and localized pulling of fragments during sliding. Sliding tests show that friction is load- and direction-dependent with the coefficient of friction (COF) obtained in the range of 0.20-0.75 at the interface for sliding in parallel and perpendicular directions to the collagen axis. These values are in good agreement with earlier nanoscale experimental results reported for the top layer cartilage-cartilage interface. The COF reduces with an increase in load and tends to be higher for the parallel sliding case than for the perpendicular case owing to the presence of the constant number of H-bonds. Overall, this work contributes toward understanding sliding in unhydrated biointerfaces, which is the precursor of wear, and provides insights into implant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinava Chatterjee
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Devendra K Dubey
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sujeet K Sinha
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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26
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Su W, Ran Y, Ma L, Ma X, Yi Z, Chen G, Chen X, Deng Z, Tong Q, Li X. Micro-/Nanomechanics Dependence of Biomimetic Matrices upon Collagen-Based Fibrillar Aggregation and Arrangement. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3547-3560. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yaqin Ran
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Lei Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Zeng Yi
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Guangcan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Qiulan Tong
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Xudong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
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27
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Chery DR, Han B, Li Q, Zhou Y, Heo SJ, Kwok B, Chandrasekaran P, Wang C, Qin L, Lu XL, Kong D, Enomoto-Iwamoto M, Mauck RL, Han L. Early changes in cartilage pericellular matrix micromechanobiology portend the onset of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:267-278. [PMID: 32428685 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pericellular matrix (PCM) of cartilage is a structurally distinctive microdomain surrounding each chondrocyte, and is pivotal to cell homeostasis and cell-matrix interactions in healthy tissue. This study queried if the PCM is the initiation point for disease or a casualty of more widespread matrix degeneration. To address this question, we queried the mechanical properties of the PCM and chondrocyte mechanoresponsivity with the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). To do so, we integrated Kawamoto's film-assisted cryo-sectioning with immunofluorescence-guided AFM nanomechanical mapping, and quantified the microscale modulus of murine cartilage PCM and further-removed extracellular matrix. Using the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) murine model of PTOA, we show that decreases in PCM micromechanics are apparent as early as 3 days after injury, and that this precedes changes in the bulk ECM properties and overt indications of cartilage damage. We also show that, as a consequence of altered PCM properties, calcium mobilization by chondrocytes in response to mechanical challenge (hypo-osmotic stress) is significantly disrupted. These aberrant changes in chondrocyte micromechanobiology as a consequence of DMM could be partially blocked by early inhibition of PCM remodeling. Collectively, these results suggest that changes in PCM micromechanobiology are leading indicators of the initiation of PTOA, and that disease originates in the cartilage PCM. This insight will direct the development of early detection methods, as well as small molecule-based therapies that can stop early aberrant remodeling in this critical cartilage microdomain to slow or reverse disease progression. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is one prevalent musculoskeletal disease that afflicts young adults, and there are no effective strategies for early detection or intervention. This study identifies that the reduction of cartilage pericellular matrix (PCM) micromodulus is one of the earliest events in the initiation of PTOA, which, in turn, impairs the mechanosensitive activities of chondrocytes, contributing to the vicious loop of cartilage degeneration. Rescuing the integrity of PCM has the potential to restore normal chondrocyte mechanosensitive homeostasis and to prevent further degradation of cartilage. Our findings enable the development of early OA detection methods targeting changes in the PCM, and treatment strategies that can stop early aberrant remodeling in this critical microdomain to slow or reverse disease progression.
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28
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Garcia R. Nanomechanical mapping of soft materials with the atomic force microscope: methods, theory and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5850-5884. [PMID: 32662499 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00318b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Fast, high-resolution, non-destructive and quantitative characterization methods are needed to develop materials with tailored properties at the nanoscale or to understand the relationship between mechanical properties and cell physiology. This review introduces the state-of-the-art force microscope-based methods to map at high-spatial resolution the elastic and viscoelastic properties of soft materials. The experimental methods are explained in terms of the theories that enable the transformation of observables into material properties. Several applications in materials science, molecular biology and mechanobiology illustrate the scope, impact and potential of nanomechanical mapping methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Garcia
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Huebner P, Warren PB, Chester D, Spang JT, Brown AC, Fisher MB, Shirwaiker RA. Mechanical properties of tissue formed in vivo are affected by 3D-bioplotted scaffold microarchitecture and correlate with ECM collagen fiber alignment. Connect Tissue Res 2020; 61:190-204. [PMID: 31345062 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1624733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Musculoskeletal soft tissues possess highly aligned extracellular collagenous networks that provide structure and strength. Such an organization dictates tissue-specific mechanical properties but can be difficult to replicate by engineered biological substitutes. Nanofibrous electrospun scaffolds have demonstrated the ability to control cell-secreted collagen alignment, but concerns exist regarding their scalability for larger and anatomically relevant applications. Additive manufacturing processes, such as melt extrusion-based 3D-Bioplotting, allow fabrication of structurally relevant scaffolds featuring highly controllable porous microarchitectures.Materials and Methods: In this study, we investigate the effects of 3D-bioplotted scaffold design on the compressive elastic modulus of neotissue formed in vivo in a subcutaneous rat model and its correlation with the alignment of ECM collagen fibers. Polycaprolactone scaffolds featuring either 100 or 400 µm interstrand spacing were implanted for 4 or 12 weeks, harvested, cryosectioned, and characterized using atomic-force-microscopy-based force mapping.Results: The compressive elastic modulus of the neotissue formed within the 100 µm design was significantly higher at 4 weeks (p < 0.05), but no differences were observed at 12 weeks. In general, the tissue stiffness was within the same order of magnitude and range of values measured in native musculoskeletal soft tissues including the porcine meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament. Finally, a significant positive correlation was noted between tissue stiffness and the degree of ECM collagen fiber alignment (p < 0.05) resulting from contact guidance provided by scaffold strands.Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the significant effects of 3D-bioplotted scaffold microarchitectures in the organization and sub-tissue-level mechanical properties of ECM in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Huebner
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Paul B Warren
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Chester
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Spang
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ashley C Brown
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Matthew B Fisher
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rohan A Shirwaiker
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
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30
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WANG MONAN, JI YUANXIN, WANG JIAN, JING JUNTONG. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF FULL-LAYER REPAIR BASED ON IMPROVED ARTICULAR CARTILAGE MODEL. J MECH MED BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519419400669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the tangential zone of cartilage is introduced into the fiber-reinforced model of articular cartilage. Considering the distribution content of the main fiber and the secondary fiber in the tangential layer of cartilage, the permeability and fiber stiffness of the layer are set in parallel and perpendicular directions, respectively, to more accurately reflect the mechanical behavior of cartilage. The parameters are set to reflect the mechanical behavior of the cartilage more realistically. We use a modified articular cartilage model to simulate the mechanical properties of implanted cartilage with different elastic modulus. The simulation results show that the selection of implants with different elastic modulus will affect the repair of cartilage. Appropriately increasing the elastic modulus of implanted cartilage, can increase the bearing capacity of the repaired area and reduce the stress concentration at the junction. The elastic modulus of the implant should be moderate, not too large or too small, and the damage of stress concentration on the repair surface should be considered. Through simulation, the mechanical state of the repaired cartilage under pressure can be obtained comprehensively, which provides a theoretical basis for clinical pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- MONAN WANG
- Digital Medicine Institute, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - YUANXIN JI
- Digital Medicine Institute, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - JIAN WANG
- Digital Medicine Institute, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - JUNTONG JING
- College of Letter and Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93107, United States
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31
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Wang C, Brisson BK, Terajima M, Li Q, Hoxha K, Han B, Goldberg AM, Sherry Liu X, Marcolongo MS, Enomoto-Iwamoto M, Yamauchi M, Volk SW, Han L. Type III collagen is a key regulator of the collagen fibrillar structure and biomechanics of articular cartilage and meniscus. Matrix Biol 2019; 85-86:47-67. [PMID: 31655293 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that type III collagen is the second most abundant collagen type in the body, its contribution to the physiologic maintenance and repair of skeletal tissues remains poorly understood. This study queried the role of type III collagen in the structure and biomechanical functions of two structurally distinctive tissues in the knee joint, type II collagen-rich articular cartilage and type I collagen-dominated meniscus. Integrating outcomes from atomic force microscopy-based nanomechanical tests, collagen fibril nanostructural analysis, collagen cross-link analysis and histology, we elucidated the impact of type III collagen haplodeficiency on the morphology, nanostructure and biomechanical properties of articular cartilage and meniscus in Col3a1+/- mice. Reduction of type III collagen leads to increased heterogeneity and mean thickness of collagen fibril diameter, as well as reduced modulus in both tissues, and these effects became more pronounced with skeletal maturation. These data suggest a crucial role of type III collagen in mediating fibril assembly and biomechanical functions of both articular cartilage and meniscus during post-natal growth. In articular cartilage, type III collagen has a marked contribution to the micromechanics of the pericellular matrix, indicating a potential role in mediating the early stage of type II collagen fibrillogenesis and chondrocyte mechanotransduction. In both tissues, reduction of type III collagen leads to decrease in tissue modulus despite the increase in collagen cross-linking. This suggests that the disruption of matrix structure due to type III collagen deficiency outweighs the stiffening of collagen fibrils by increased cross-linking, leading to a net negative impact on tissue modulus. Collectively, this study is the first to highlight the crucial structural role of type III collagen in both articular cartilage and meniscus extracellular matrices. We expect these results to expand our understanding of type III collagen across various tissue types, and to uncover critical molecular components of the microniche for regenerative strategies targeting articular cartilage and meniscus repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Becky K Brisson
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Masahiko Terajima
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Qing Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Kevt'her Hoxha
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Biao Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Abby M Goldberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - X Sherry Liu
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Michele S Marcolongo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Susan W Volk
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States.
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Han B, Li Q, Wang C, Patel P, Adams SM, Doyran B, Nia HT, Oftadeh R, Zhou S, Li CY, Liu XS, Lu XL, Enomoto-Iwamoto M, Qin L, Mauck RL, Iozzo RV, Birk DE, Han L. Decorin Regulates the Aggrecan Network Integrity and Biomechanical Functions of Cartilage Extracellular Matrix. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11320-11333. [PMID: 31550133 PMCID: PMC6892632 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Joint biomechanical functions rely on the integrity of cartilage extracellular matrix. Understanding the molecular activities that govern cartilage matrix assembly is critical for developing effective cartilage regeneration strategies. This study elucidated the role of decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, in the structure and biomechanical functions of cartilage. In decorin-null cartilage, we discovered a substantial reduction of aggrecan content, the major proteoglycan of cartilage matrix, and mild changes in collagen fibril nanostructure. This loss of aggrecan resulted in significantly impaired biomechanical properties of cartilage, including decreased modulus, elevated hydraulic permeability, and reduced energy dissipation capabilities. At the cellular level, we found that decorin functions to increase the retention of aggrecan in the neo-matrix of chondrocytes, rather than to directly influence the biosynthesis of aggrecan. At the molecular level, we demonstrated that decorin significantly increases the adhesion between aggrecan and aggrecan molecules and between aggrecan molecules and collagen II fibrils. We hypothesize that decorin plays a crucial structural role in mediating the matrix integrity and biomechanical functions of cartilage by providing physical linkages to increase the adhesion and assembly of aggrecan molecules at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Qing Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Pavan Patel
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sheila M. Adams
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani School of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Basak Doyran
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hadi T. Nia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ramin Oftadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Siyuan Zhou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Christopher Y. Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - X. Sherry Liu
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - X. Lucas Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Ling Qin
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, United States
| | - David E. Birk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani School of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Patel JM, Wise BC, Bonnevie ED, Mauck RL. A Systematic Review and Guide to Mechanical Testing for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 25:593-608. [PMID: 31288616 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is integral to the mechanical function of many joints in the body. When injured, cartilage lacks the capacity to self-heal, and thus, therapies and replacements have been developed in recent decades to treat damaged cartilage. Given that the primary function of articular cartilage is mechanical in nature, rigorous physical evaluation of cartilage tissues undergoing treatment and cartilage constructs intended for replacement is an absolute necessity. With the large number of groups developing cartilage tissue engineering strategies, however, a variety of mechanical testing protocols have been reported in the literature. This lack of consensus in testing methods makes comparison between studies difficult at times, and can lead to misinterpretation of data relative to native tissue. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to systematically review mechanical testing of articular cartilage and cartilage repair constructs over the past 10 years (January 2009-December 2018), to highlight the most common testing configurations, and to identify key testing parameters. For the most common tests, key parameters identified in this systematic review were validated by characterizing both cartilage tissue and hydrogels commonly used in cartilage tissue engineering. Our findings show that compression testing was the most common test performed (80.2%; 158/197), followed by evaluation of frictional properties (18.8%; 37/197). Upon further review of those studies performing compression testing, the various modes (ramp, stress relaxation, creep, dynamic) and testing configurations (unconfined, confined, in situ) are described and systematically reviewed for parameters, including strain rate, equilibrium time, and maximum strain. This systematic analysis revealed considerable variability in testing methods. Our validation testing studies showed that such variations in testing criteria could have large implications on reported outcome parameters (e.g., modulus) and the interpretation of findings from these studies. This analysis is carried out for all common testing methods, followed by a discussion of less common trends and directions in the mechanical evaluation of cartilage tissues and constructs. Overall, this work may serve as a guide for cartilage tissue engineers seeking to rigorously evaluate the physical properties of their novel treatment strategies. Impact Statement Articular cartilage tissue engineering has made significant strides with regard to treatments and replacements for injured tissue. The evaluation of these approaches typically involves mechanical testing, yet the plethora of testing techniques makes comparisons between studies difficult, and often leads to misinterpretation of data compared with native tissue. This study serves as a guide for the mechanical testing of cartilage tissues and constructs, highlighting recent trends in test conditions and validating these common procedures. Cartilage tissue engineers, especially those unfamiliar with mechanical testing protocols, will benefit from this study in their quest to physically evaluate novel treatment and regeneration approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Patel
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian C Wise
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward D Bonnevie
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert L Mauck
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Lycke RJ, Walls MK, Calve S. Computational Modeling of Developing Cartilage Using Experimentally Derived Geometries and Compressive Moduli. J Biomech Eng 2019; 141:081002. [PMID: 30874718 PMCID: PMC6528734 DOI: 10.1115/1.4043208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During chondrogenesis, tissue organization changes dramatically. We previously showed that the compressive moduli of chondrocytes increase concomitantly with extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, suggesting cells were remodeling to adapt to the surrounding environment. Due to the difficulty in analyzing the mechanical response of cells in situ, we sought to create an in silico model that would enable us to investigate why cell and ECM stiffness increased in tandem. The goal of this study was to establish a methodology to segment, quantify, and generate mechanical models of developing cartilage to explore how variations in geometry and material properties affect strain distributions. Multicellular geometries from embryonic day E16.5 and postnatal day P3 murine cartilage were imaged in three-dimensional (3D) using confocal microscopy. Image stacks were processed using matlab to create geometries for finite element analysis using ANSYS. The geometries based on confocal images and isolated, single cell models were compressed 5% and the equivalent von Mises strain of cells and ECM were compared. Our simulations indicated that cells had similar strains at both time points, suggesting that the stiffness and organization of cartilage changes during development to maintain a constant strain profile within cells. In contrast, the ECM at P3 took on more strain than at E16.5. The isolated, single-cell geometries underestimated both cell and ECM strain and were not able to capture the similarity in cell strain at both time points. We expect this experimental and computational pipeline will facilitate studies investigating other model systems to implement physiologically derived geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy J Lycke
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering,Purdue University,206 South Martin Jischke Drive,West Lafayette, IN 47907e-mail:
| | - Michael K Walls
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering,Purdue University,206 South Martin Jischke Drive,West Lafayette, IN 47907e-mail:
| | - Sarah Calve
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering,Purdue University,206 South Martin Jischke Drive,West Lafayette, IN 47907e-mail:
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Marchiori G, Berni M, Boi M, Filardo G. Cartilage mechanical tests: Evolution of current standards for cartilage repair and tissue engineering. A literature review. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019; 68:58-72. [PMID: 31158591 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repair procedures and tissue engineering are solutions available in the clinical practice for the treatment of damaged articular cartilage. Regulatory bodies defined the requirements that any products, intended to regenerate cartilage, should have to be applied. In order to verify these requirements, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, USA) and the International Standard Organization (ISO) indicated some Standard tests, which allow evaluating, in a reproducible way, the performances of scaffolds/treatments for cartilage tissue regeneration. METHODS A review of the literature about cartilage mechanical characterization found 394 studies, from 1970 to date. They were classified by material (simulated/animal/human cartilage) and method (theoretical/applied; static/dynamic; standard/non-standard study), and analyzed by nation and year of publication. FINDINGS While Standard methods for cartilage mechanical characterization still refer to studies developed in the eighties, expertise and interest on cartilage mechanics research are evolving continuously and internationally, with studies both in vitro - on human and animal tissues - and in silico, dealing with tissue function and modelling, using static and dynamic loading conditions. INTERPRETATION there is a consensus on the importance of mechanical characterization that should be considered to evaluate cartilage treatments. Still, relative Standards need to be updated to describe advanced constructs and procedures for cartilage regeneration in a more exhaustive way. The use of the more complex, fibre-reinforced biphasic model, instead of the standard simple biphasic model, to describe cartilage response to loading, and the standardisation of dynamic tests can represent a first step in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Marchiori
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Biomechanics and Technology Innovation, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matteo Berni
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Biomechanics and Technology Innovation, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Boi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, NanoBiotechnology Laboratory (NaBi), Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, NanoBiotechnology Laboratory (NaBi), Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Applied and Translational Research Center, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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36
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Pei W, Chen J, Wang C, Qiu S, Zeng J, Gao M, Zhou B, Li D, Sacks MS, Han L, Shan H, Hu W, Feng Y, Zhou G. Regional biomechanical imaging of liver cancer cells. J Cancer 2019; 10:4481-4487. [PMID: 31528212 PMCID: PMC6746127 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the leading cancers, especially in developing countries. Understanding the biomechanical properties of the liver cancer cells can not only help to elucidate the mechanisms behind the cancer progression, but also provide important information for diagnosis and treatment. At the cellular level, we used well-established atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques to characterize the heterogeneity of mechanical properties of two different types of human liver cancer cells and a normal liver cell line. Stiffness maps with a resolution of 128x128 were acquired for each cell. The distributions of the indentation moduli of the cells showed significant differences between cancerous cells and healthy controls. Significantly, the variability was even greater amongst different types of cancerous cells. Fitting of the histogram of the effective moduli using a normal distribution function showed the Bel7402 cells were stiffer than the normal cells while HepG2 cells were softer. Morphological analysis of the cell structures also showed a higher cytoskeleton content among the cancerous cells. Results provided a foundation for applying knowledge of cell stiffness heterogeneity to search for tissue-level, early-stage indicators of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiayao Chen
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Suhao Qiu
- Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianfeng Zeng
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Dan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Michael S. Sacks
- Willerson Center for Cardiovascular Modeling and Simulation, Institute for Computational Engineering & Sciences, the University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hong Shan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Connizzo BK, Grodzinsky AJ. Multiscale Poroviscoelastic Compressive Properties of Mouse Supraspinatus Tendons Are Altered in Young and Aged Mice. J Biomech Eng 2018; 140:2666618. [PMID: 29238818 PMCID: PMC5816244 DOI: 10.1115/1.4038745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Rotator cuff disorders are one of the most common causes of shoulder pain and disability in the aging population but, unfortunately, the etiology is still unknown. One factor thought to contribute to the progression of disease is the external compression of the rotator cuff tendons, which can be significantly increased by age-related changes such as muscle weakness and poor posture. The objective of this study was to investigate the baseline compressive response of tendon and determine how this response is altered during maturation and aging. We did this by characterizing the compressive mechanical, viscoelastic, and poroelastic properties of young, mature, and aged mouse supraspinatus tendons using macroscale indentation testing and nanoscale high-frequency AFM-based rheology testing. Using these multiscale techniques, we found that aged tendons were stiffer than their mature counterparts and that both young and aged tendons exhibited increased hydraulic permeability and energy dissipation. We hypothesize that regional and age-related variations in collagen morphology and organization are likely responsible for changes in the multiscale compressive response as these structural parameters may affect fluid flow. Importantly, these results suggest a role for age-related changes in the progression of tendon degeneration, and we hypothesize that decreased ability to resist compressive loading via fluid pressurization may result in damage to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and ultimately tendon degeneration. These studies provide insight into the regional multiscale compressive response of tendons and indicate that altered compressive properties in aging tendons may be a major contributor to overall tendon degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne K. Connizzo
- Department of Biological Engineering,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Alan J. Grodzinsky
- Department of Biological Engineering,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, MA 02139;
Center for Biomedical Engineering,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, MA 02139;
Department of Electrical Engineeringand Computer Science,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, MA 02139;
Department of Mechanical Engineering,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, MA 02139
e-mail:
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Qiu S, Zhao X, Chen J, Zeng J, Chen S, Chen L, Meng Y, Liu B, Shan H, Gao M, Feng Y. Characterizing viscoelastic properties of breast cancer tissue in a mouse model using indentation. J Biomech 2018; 69:81-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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