1
|
Paroi B, Pegu C, Mane MV, Patil NT. Gold-Catalyzed Arylative Cope Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406936. [PMID: 38769939 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Cope rearrangements have garnered significant attention owing to their ability to undergo structural reorganization in stereoselective manner. While substantial advances have been achieved over decades, these rearrangements remained applicable exclusively to parent 1,5-hexadienes. Herein, we disclose the gold-catalyzed arylative Cope rearrangement of 1,6-heptadienes via a cyclization-induced [3,3]-rearrangement employing ligand-enabled gold redox catalysis. Detailed mechanistic investigations including several control experiments, cross-over experiment, HRMS analysis, 31P NMR and DFT studies have been performed to underpin the mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Paroi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| | - Chayanika Pegu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| | - Manoj V Mane
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus Kanakapura, Bangalore, Karnataka-, 562112, India
| | - Nitin T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu W, Han C, Yang G, Huo X, Zhang W. Pd/Cu-Cocatalyzed Enantio- and Diastereodivergent Wacker-Type Dicarbofunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39099165 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The Wacker and Wacker-type reactions are some of the most fundamental and powerful transformations in organic chemistry for their ability to efficiently produce valuable chemicals. Remarkable progress has been achieved in asymmetric oxy/aza-Wacker-type reactions; however, asymmetric Wacker-type dicarbofunctionalization remains underdeveloped, especially for the concurrent construction of two stereocenters. Herein, we report a Pd/Cu-cocatalyzed enantio- and diastereodivergent Wacker-type dicarbofunctionalization of alkene-tethered aryl triflates with imino esters. A series of 2-indanyl motifs bearing adjacent carbon stereocenters could be easily synthesized in moderate to excellent yields and with good to excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >20:1 dr and >99% ee). Density functional theory calculations revealed that the origin of diastereoselectivity in this Pd/Cu synergistic catalytic system is jointly determined by both the intermolecular anti-carbopalladation of alkenes and the reductive elimination processes, in accordance with the Curtin-Hammett principle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chongyu Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaohong Huo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Keerthana MS, Jeganmohan M. Palladium-catalyzed site-selective functionalization of unactivated alkenes with vinylcyclopropanes aided by weakly coordinating native amides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7347-7350. [PMID: 38916280 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01034e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we have demonstrated a palladium-catalyzed regioselective allylation of unactivated alkenes with vinylcyclopropanes assisted by weak-coordinating native amides. The reaction exhibits wide substrate scope and excellent β-selectivity. Substrate diversification was performed to demonstrate the synthetic utility of the reaction. Mechanistic investigations were carried out to provide an insight into the reaction mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Masilamani Jeganmohan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chavada LR, Mishra P, Pandey AK. Nickel-Catalyzed Alkene Isomerization to Access Bench-Stable Enamines and Their [3 + 2] Annulation. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9233-9242. [PMID: 38912727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Enamines are difficult to prepare on the bench due to their instability, which results in side reactions, decompositions, poor yields, etc. Herein, we developed a simple and effective method for making bench-stable enamines using a very low amount of nickel catalyst loading. The deuterium exchange, competitive reaction, and radical clock experiment have all been found to favor the ionic mechanism of this alkene isomerization. Scale-up and [3 + 2] annulation reaction of enamines with activated cyclopropane to deliver cyclopentane derivatives have shown the value of this method in organic synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilesh Rambhai Chavada
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Chemical Science Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Mishra
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Pandey
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Chemical Science Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cao K, Han J, Ye W, Hu D, Ye Z, Yang J, Zhang J, Chen F. Enantioselective Aminosilylation of Alkenes by Palladium/Ming-Phos-Catalyzed Tandem Narasaka-Heck/Silylation Reaction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403470. [PMID: 38970207 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed enantioselective aminosilylation of alkenes via tandem Aza-Heck/silylation reaction under Pd/Sadphos catalysis is disclosed. A wide array of oxime esters and silicon reagents are tolerated, furnishing the chiral pyrrolines bearing one quaternary or two contiguous stereocenters in good yield with high enantioselectivity. Not only terminal alkenes but also tri-substituented internal alkenes successfully participate in the reaction, delivering vicinal stereocenters in complete diastereoselectivity and high enantioselectivity. DFT study is conducted to probe the reaction pathway and the origin of the enantioselectivity, which revealed that the stereoinduction arises from the weak interaction between the aromatic ring of the substrate fragment and naphthyl group in the ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangning Cao
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Han
- School of Chemical & Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China
| | - Wenshao Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Dejun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zihao Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Junfeng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
- Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai, 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Shi H, Yin G. Synthetic techniques for thermodynamically disfavoured substituted six-membered rings. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:535-550. [PMID: 38822206 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Six-membered rings are ubiquitous structural motifs in bioactive compounds and multifunctional materials. Notably, their thermodynamically disfavoured isomers, like disubstituted cyclohexanes featuring one substituent in an equatorial position and the other in an axial position, often exhibit enhanced physical and biological activities in comparison with their opposite isomers. However, the synthesis of thermodynamically disfavoured isomers is, by its nature, challenging, with only a limited number of possible approaches. In this Review, we summarize and compare synthetic methodologies that produce substituted six-membered rings with thermodynamically disfavoured substitution patterns. We place particular emphasis on elucidating the crucial stereoinduction factors within each transformation. Our aim is to stimulate interest in the synthesis of these unique structures, while simultaneously providing synthetic chemists with a guide to approaching this synthetic challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongjin Shi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guoyin Yin
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shen M, Niu C, Wang X, Huang JB, Zhao Z, Ni SF, Rong ZQ. Regio- and Enantioselective Hydromethylation of 3-Pyrrolines and Glycals Enabled by Cobalt Catalysis. JACS AU 2024; 4:2312-2322. [PMID: 38938800 PMCID: PMC11200246 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Enantioenriched 3-methylpyrrolidine, with its unique chiral nitrogen-containing core skeleton, exists widely in various functional molecules, including natural products, bioactive compounds, and pharmaceuticals. Traditional methods for synthesizing these valuable methyl-substituted heterocycles often involve enzymatic processes or complex procedures with chiral auxiliaries, limiting the substrate scope and efficiency. Efficient catalytic methylation, especially in an enantioselective manner, has been a long-standing challenge in chemical synthesis. Herein, we present a novel approach for the remote and stereoselective installation of a methyl group onto N-heterocycles, leveraging a CoH-catalyzed asymmetric hydromethylation strategy. By effectively combining a commercial cobalt precursor with a modified bisoxazoline (BOX) ligand, a variety of easily accessible 3-pyrrolines can be converted to valuable enantiopure 3-(isotopic labeling)methylpyrrolidine compounds with outstanding enantioselectivity. This efficient protocol streamlines the two-step synthesis of enantioenriched 3-methylpyrrolidine, which previously required up to five or six steps under harsh conditions or expensive starting materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Shen
- Frontiers
Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute
of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical
Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern
Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Caoyue Niu
- Frontiers
Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute
of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical
Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern
Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xuchao Wang
- Frontiers
Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute
of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical
Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern
Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jia-Bo Huang
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of
Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Frontiers
Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute
of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical
Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern
Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of
Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Rong
- Frontiers
Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute
of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical
Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern
Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sarkar B, Hajra A. Hydro-phosphorothiolation of Styrene and Cyclopropane with S-Hydrogen Phosphorothioates under Ambient Conditions. Org Lett 2024; 26:5141-5145. [PMID: 38848455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
A metal-free hexafluoroisopropanol-mediated hydro-phosphorothiolation of styrenes and donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with S-hydrogen phosphorothioates in a Markovnikov fashion has been developed under ambient reaction conditions to afford a library of S-alkyl phosphorothioates. Notably, this strategy provides a simple and efficient way to produce biologically significant kitazin and iprobenfos derivatives. Mechanistic studies disclose that the reaction proceeds through a carbocation intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao L, Liu F, Zhuang Y, Shen M, Xue J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Rong ZQ. CoH-catalyzed asymmetric remote hydroalkylation of heterocyclic alkenes: a rapid approach to chiral five-membered S- and O-heterocycles. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8888-8895. [PMID: 38873055 PMCID: PMC11168172 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01149j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Saturated heterocycles, which incorporate S and O heteroatoms, serve as fundamental frameworks in a diverse array of natural products, bioactive compounds, and pharmaceuticals. Herein, we describe a unique cobalt-catalyzed approach integrated with a desymmetrization strategy, facilitating precise and enantioselective remote hydroalkylation of unactivated heterocyclic alkenes. This method delivers hydroalkylation products with high yields and excellent stereoselectivity, representing good efficiency in constructing alkyl chiral centers at remote C3-positions within five-membered S/O-heterocycles. Notably, the broad scope and good functional group tolerance of this asymmetric C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling enhance its applicability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingzi Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Feipeng Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Mengyang Shen
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Jing Xue
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Xuchao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Zi-Qiang Rong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lakomy MG, Shankar M, Del Rio AC, Giri R. Ni-Catalyzed Linearizable Cyclization/Coupling with Detachable Silicon-Oxygen Linker: Access to 1,2-Oxasilolanes, 3-Hydroxysilanes and 4-Arylalkanols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404679. [PMID: 38603546 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
We disclose a Ni-catalyzed cyclization/alkylmetal interception reaction in which products are readily linearized to permit regiodefined alkene dicarbofunctionalization. This method offers a convenient route to access 1,2-oxasilolane heterocycles, 3-hydroxysilanes and 4-arylalkanols with the formation of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds at primary and secondary alkyl carbon centers. In this reaction, a silicon-oxygen (Si-O) bond functions as a detachable linker that can be delinked with several hydride, alkyl, aryl and vinyl nucleophiles to create profusely functionalized 3-hydroxysilanes. A silicon motif in the cyclic C(sp3)-Si-O construct in 1,2-oxasilolane heterocycles can also be selectively deleted by Pd-catalyzed hydrodesilylation affording Si-ablated linear alcohol products reminiscent of vicinal ethylene dicarbofunctionalization with C(sp3) and C(sp2) carbon sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret G Lakomy
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States
| | - Majji Shankar
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States
| | - Ava C Del Rio
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cabrera-Lobera N, Del Horno E, Quirós MT, Buñuel E, Gimeno M, Brennessel WW, Neidig ML, Priego JL, Cárdenas DJ. Ni(2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) 2: a high-spin octahedral formal Ni(0) complex. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8550-8554. [PMID: 38715455 PMCID: PMC11106753 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04247b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
We have synthesised and characterised the complex Ni(tpy)2 (tpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine). This formally Ni(0) complex is paramagnetic both in the solid state and in solution (S = 2). The crystal structure shows an octahedral geometry, with molecules arranged in independent dimers involving π-stacking between pairs of complexes. Magnetic measurementes and DFT calculations suggest the existence of temperature-dependent intermolecular antiferromagnetic coupling in the solid state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Cabrera-Lobera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Red ORFEO-CINQA, Av. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Estefanía Del Horno
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Red ORFEO-CINQA, Av. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Quirós
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Campus Universitario, 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Buñuel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Red ORFEO-CINQA, Av. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Magali Gimeno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK
| | - William W Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Michael L Neidig
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK
| | - José Luis Priego
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego J Cárdenas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Red ORFEO-CINQA, Av. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tambe SD, Hwang HS, Park E, Cho EJ. Dual Photoredox and Nickel Catalysis in Regioselective Diacylation: Exploring the Versatility of Nickel Oxidation States in Allene Activation. Org Lett 2024; 26:4147-4151. [PMID: 38722196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
We present a nickel-catalyzed regioselective radical diacylation of allenes with ketoacids to produce 1,4-dione products by dual photoredox and nickel catalysis. This integrated approach merges redox-active oxidative addition and reductive elimination steps with migratory insertion. The acyl radical generated in the photoredox cycle sequentially adds to Ni(I) and Ni(II) intermediates following a Ni(I)-Ni(II)-Ni(II)-Ni(III)-Ni(I) catalytic cycle. This methodology, supported by DFT calculations, demonstrates the potential of nickel catalysis in the creation of complex molecular architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant D Tambe
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seong Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhui Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Z, Zhu J, Wang M, Lu P. Palladium-Catalyzed Divergent Enantioselective Functionalization of Cyclobutenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12691-12701. [PMID: 38676653 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Aliphatic strained rings have been increasingly applied in medicinal chemistry due to their beneficial physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. However, the divergent synthesis of enantioenriched cyclobutane derivatives with various structural patterns continues to be a significant challenge. Here, we disclose a palladium-catalyzed enantioselective desymmetrization of cyclobutenes, resulting in a series of hydroarylation and 1,2- and 1,3-diarylation products via the interceptions of a common Heck intermediate. Mechanistic investigations provide valuable insights into understanding the catalytic mode of the palladium catalysts and the observed variations in the deuterium-responsive behavior during reactions. Furthermore, the synthetic utility is demonstrated in the syntheses of deuterated drug candidate belaperidone skeletons and pseudosymmetrical truxinic acid-type derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonggui Wang
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang S, Zhao X, Qin G. Ru-Mg promoted reductive cross-coupling of allyl bromides and alkenes to synthesize 1,7-octadienes with an all-carbon quaternary center. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3376-3380. [PMID: 38568099 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00116h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
A Ru-promoted reductive cross-coupling of allyl bromides and electron-deficient alkenes to provide terminal 1,7-octadienes with magnesium as a reductant is reported herein. This approach enables the facile construction of a series of complex terminal 1,7-octadienes with an all-carbon quaternary center under mild reaction conditions, and the synthetic utility of the current method has been demonstrated by a gram scale synthesis. Preliminary mechanism investigations suggested that a radical pathway might not be involved in this transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Zhang
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Guiping Qin
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hu X, Cheng-Sánchez I, Kong W, Molander GA, Nevado C. Nickel-catalysed enantioselective alkene dicarbofunctionalization enabled by photochemical aliphatic C-H bond activation. Nat Catal 2024; 7:655-665. [PMID: 38947227 PMCID: PMC11208155 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-024-01153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of novel strategies to rapidly construct complex chiral molecules from readily available feedstocks is a long-term pursuit in the chemistry community. Radical-mediated alkene difunctionalizations represent an excellent platform towards this goal. However, asymmetric versions remain highly challenging, and more importantly, examples featuring simple hydrocarbons as reaction partners are elusive. Here we report an asymmetric three-component alkene dicarbofunctionalization capitalizing on the direct activation of C(sp 3)-H bonds through the combination of photocatalysed hydrogen atom transfer and nickel catalysis. This protocol provides an efficient platform for installing two vicinal carbon-carbon bonds across alkenes in an atom-economic fashion, providing a wide array of high-value chiral α-aryl/alkenyl carbonyls and phosphonates, as well as 1,1-diarylalkanes from ubiquitous alkane, ether and alcohol feedstocks. This method exhibits operational simplicity, broad substrate scope and excellent regioselectivity, chemoselectivity and enantioselectivity. The compatibility with bioactive motifs and expedient synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant molecules highlight the synthetic potential of this protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cong F, Sun GQ, Ye SH, Hu R, Rao W, Koh MJ. A Bimolecular Homolytic Substitution-Enabled Platform for Multicomponent Cross-Coupling of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10274-10280. [PMID: 38568080 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The construction of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds remains one of the most difficult challenges in cross-coupling chemistry. Here, we report a photoredox/nickel dual catalytic approach that enables the simultaneous formation of two C(sp3)-C(sp3) linkages via trimolecular cross-coupling of alkenes with alkyl halides and hypervalent iodine-based reagents. The reaction harnesses a bimolecular homolytic substitution (SH2) mechanism and chemoselective halogen-atom transfer (XAT) to orchestrate the regioselective addition of electrophilic and nucleophilic alkyl radicals across unactivated alkenes without the need for a directing auxiliary. Utility is highlighted through late-stage (fluoro)alkylation and (trideutero)methylation of C═C bonds bearing different substitution patterns, offering straightforward access to drug-like molecules comprising sp3-hybridized carbon scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Guo-Quan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Si-Han Ye
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
He J, Cao T, Chen K, Zhu S. Leveraging Nonstrained C-C Bonds for Selective Carboacylation of an Unactivated Alkyne via Transient Dearomatization. Org Lett 2024; 26:2596-2600. [PMID: 38535522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Carboacylation of an unsaturated bond represents a powerful transformation. However, only a few examples of carboacylation of alkyne have been reported through C-C bond scission and reconnection. Here, we report a method of carboacylation of an unactivated alkyne by utilizing nonstrained C-C bonds under gold(I) catalysis. The density functional theory computational and experimental studies reveal that the reaction proceeds through a C-to-C formal 1,3-acyl migration via a solvent cage-nested acylium cation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin He
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tongxiang Cao
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shifa Zhu
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lux DM, Lee DJ, Sapkota RR, Giri R. Iron-Mediated Dialkylation of Alkenylarenes with Benzyl Bromides. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38572911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
We disclose a method for the dibenzylation of alkenylarenes with benzyl bromides using iron powder. This reaction generates branched alkyl scaffolds adorned with functionalized aryl rings through the formation of two new C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds at the vicinal carbons of alkenes. This protocol tolerates electron-rich, electron-neutral, and electron-poor benzyl bromides and alkenylarenes. Mechanistic studies suggest the formation of benzylic radical intermediates as a result of single-electron transfer from the iron, which is intercepted by alkenylarenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Lux
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Daniel J Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Rishi R Sapkota
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang JZ, Lyon WL, MacMillan DWC. Alkene dialkylation by triple radical sorting. Nature 2024; 628:104-109. [PMID: 38350601 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The development of bimolecular homolytic substitution (SH2) catalysis has expanded cross-coupling chemistries by enabling the selective combination of any primary radical with any secondary or tertiary radical through a radical sorting mechanism1-8. Biomimetic9,10 SH2 catalysis can be used to merge common feedstock chemicals-such as alcohols, acids and halides-in various permutations for the construction of a single C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond. The ability to sort these two distinct radicals across commercially available alkenes in a three-component manner would enable the simultaneous construction of two C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds, greatly accelerating access to complex molecules and drug-like chemical space11. However, the simultaneous in situ formation of electrophilic and primary nucleophilic radicals in the presence of unactivated alkenes is problematic, typically leading to statistical radical recombination, hydrogen atom transfer, disproportionation and other deleterious pathways12,13. Here we report the use of bimolecular homolytic substitution catalysis to sort an electrophilic radical and a nucleophilic radical across an unactivated alkene. This reaction involves the in situ formation of three distinct radical species, which are then differentiated by size and electronics, allowing for regioselective formation of the desired dialkylated products. This work accelerates access to pharmaceutically relevant C(sp3)-rich molecules and defines a distinct mechanistic approach for alkene dialkylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Z Wang
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - William L Lyon
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yu S, Jin Z, Tong X, Qi L. Palladium-Catalyzed Heck/Suzuki Tandem Reaction of ( Z)-1-Iodo-1,6-dienes and Organoboronic Acids. Org Lett 2024; 26:2175-2179. [PMID: 38451537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The Heck/Suzuki tandem reaction has emerged as an essential strategy for the synthesis of complex molecules. Herein, an efficient palladium-catalyzed Heck/Suzuki tandem reaction of (Z)-1-iodo-1,6-dienes with organoboronic acids is described, providing various tetrahydropyridines in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. The key to the success of this approach is the avoidance of the intramolecular second Heck insertion occurring prior to the transmetalation step. In addition, the asymmetric version of this reaction is investigated to deliver chiral tetrahydropyridine in excellent yield with promising enantioselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengneng Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjun Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shlapakov NS, Kobelev AD, Burykina JV, Kostyukovich AY, König B, Ananikov VP. Reversible Radical Addition Guides Selective Photocatalytic Intermolecular Thiol-Yne-Ene Molecular Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314208. [PMID: 38240738 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In modern organic chemistry, harnessing the power of multicomponent radical reactions presents both significant challenges and extraordinary potential. This article delves into this scientific frontier by addressing the critical issue of controlling selectivity in such complex processes. We introduce a novel approach that revolves around the reversible addition of thiyl radicals to multiple bonds, reshaping the landscape of multicomponent radical reactions. The key to selectivity lies in the intricate interplay between reversibility and the energy landscapes governing C-C bond formation in thiol-yne-ene reactions. The developed approach not only allows to prioritize the thiol-yne-ene cascade, dominating over alternative reactions, but also extends the scope of coupling products obtained from alkenes and alkynes of various structures and electron density distributions, regardless of their relative polarity difference, opening doors to more versatile synthetic possibilities. In the present study, we provide a powerful tool for atom-economical C-S and C-C bond formation, paving the way for the efficient synthesis of complex molecules. Carrying out our experimental and computational studies, we elucidated the fundamental mechanisms underlying radical cascades, a knowledge that can be broadly applied in the field of organic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita S Shlapakov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D Kobelev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory GSP-1, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia V Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Kostyukovich
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory GSP-1, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Babcock DJ, Wolfram AJ, Barney JL, Servagno SM, Sharma A, Nacsa ED. A free-radical design featuring an intramolecular migration for a synthetically versatile alkyl-(hetero)arylation of simple olefins. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4031-4040. [PMID: 38487219 PMCID: PMC10935719 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06476j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
A free-radical approach has enabled the development of a synthetically versatile alkyl-(hetero)arylation of olefins. Alkyl and (hetero)aryl groups were added concurrently to a full suite of mono- to tetrasubstituted simple alkenes (i.e., without requiring directing or electronically activating groups) for the first time. Key advances also included the introduction of synthetically diversifiable alkyl groups featuring different degrees of substitution, good diastereocontrol in both cyclic and acyclic settings, the addition of biologically valuable heteroarenes featuring Lewis basic nitrogen atoms as well as simple benzenes, and the generation of either tertiary or quaternary benzylic centers. The synthetic potential of this transformation was demonstrated by leveraging it as the key step in a concise synthesis of oliceridine, a new painkiller that received FDA approval in 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Babcock
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Andrew J Wolfram
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Jaxon L Barney
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Santino M Servagno
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Ayush Sharma
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Eric D Nacsa
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yan D, Wen S, Xing Y, Bu J, Shen K. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive anti-Arylative Cyclization of Alkynyl Enones with Aryl Halides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2223-2231. [PMID: 38326966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed reductive anti-arylative cyclization of alkynyl enones with aryl halides has been developed. The reaction avoids the use of stoichiometric organometallic reagents and has a broad reaction scope and high functional group tolerance. This method offers an efficient way to access a variety of synthetically useful carbocycles that are widely found in many natural products and biologically active molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denghong Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shun Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yunxin Xing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jie Bu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kun Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang H, Zhang Z, Cao P, Yang T. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Alkene Cross-Dialkylation with Unactivated Alkyl Electrophiles. Org Lett 2024; 26:1190-1195. [PMID: 38308849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
A Ni-catalyzed reductive dialkylation of 8-aminoquinoline-tethered aliphatic alkenes with two unactivated alkyl electrophiles is disclosed here. Key to the development of this transformation is the combination of primary alkyl (pseudo)halides and secondary alkyl iodides that produce products in a single regioselective manner. The reaction exhibits good functional group compatibility, and its synthetic utility was demonstrated by the concise synthesis of the precursors of biologically relevant molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Zeming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Panting Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yu W, Wang H, Zhao K, Li W, Wang T, Fu J. Visible-Light-Induced Three-Component 1,2-Alkylpyridylation of Alkenes via a Halogen-Atom Transfer Process. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1703-1708. [PMID: 38227772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Visible-light-induced three-component 1,2-alkylpyridylation of alkenes with unactivated alkyl iodides and aryl cyanides is reported via a photocatalytic halogen-atom transfer (XAT) strategy. This metal-free protocol utilizes readily available tertiary alkylamine as the terminal reductant to smoothly convert alkyl iodides into the corresponding carbon radical species. The reaction features a broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, high efficiency, and mild reaction conditions. The practicability of this methodology is further demonstrated in the late-stage difunctionalization of bioactive molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Yu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Kuang Zhao
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Wendong Li
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Junkai Fu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xu CH, Lv GF, Qin JH, Xu XH, Li JH. Visible-Light-Induced Photoredox 1,2-Dialkylation of Styrenes with α-Carbonyl Alkyl Bromides and Pyridin-1-ium Salts. J Org Chem 2024; 89:281-290. [PMID: 38109762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-driven photoredox dialkylation of styrenes with α-carbonyl alkyl bromides and pyridin-1-ium salts for the synthesis of polysubstituted 1,4-dihydropyridines is reported. This reaction enables the formation of two new C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds in a single reaction step and provides a strategy that employs pyridin-1-ium salts as the functionalized alkylating reagents via dearomatization to directly trap the resulting alkyl radicals from radical addition of alkenes and then terminate the alkene dialkylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Gui-Fen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jing-Hao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Xin-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 475004, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen W, Yu L, Pan Y, Ni S, Wang Y. Electrochemical Nickel-Catalyzed 1,2-Diarylation of 1,3-Dienes. Org Lett 2023; 25:9225-9230. [PMID: 38113061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to the presence of carbon-carbon double bonds, 1,3-dienes exhibit great reactivity. A protocol for the site-selective diarylation of terminal 1,3-dienes is reported here. The transformation is facilitated by the Ni catalyst without the need for additional ligands, utilizing an electrochemical setup. Preliminary results indicate that by introducing chiral ligands moderate enantioselective diarylation products can be obtained. This method affords diversely substituted diarylated products that occur as structural motifs in various natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangzhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shengyang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang Y, He Y, Zhu S. Nickel-Catalyzed Migratory Cross-Coupling Reactions: New Opportunities for Selective C-H Functionalization. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3475-3491. [PMID: 37971926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusMigratory cross-coupling via metal migration is a process of significant academic and industrial interest. It provides an attractive alternative for the selective installation of a functional group at remote C-H positions from simple precursors, thus enabling the direct synthesis of challenging structures not accessible with traditional cross-coupling. In particular, with the merger of 1,n-Ni/H shift and cross-coupling of nickel, the Ni-catalyzed migratory functionalization of simple precursors has undergone particularly intense development and emerged as a valuable field of research in the past few years. This Account will outline the recent progress made in this arena in terms of migration-functionalization modes, diverse functionalizations, and strategies for regio- and stereocontrol. Mechanistic studies and synthetic applications are also discussed.In detail, we systematically categorize our work into two parts based on the migration modes. In the first part, a platform is created for Ni-catalyzed migratory sp3 C-H functionalization of alkenes or alkyl halides via iterative 1,2-Ni/H shift-selective cross-coupling. The key reactive Ni(II)H species for chain-walking could be generated in situ either in a polarity-reversed fashion relying on stoichiometric reductants (X-Ni(II)-H) or in a redox-neutral fashion with the participation of nucleophilic coupling partners (FG-Ni(II)-H). One significant advantage associated with the polarity-reversed NiH system is the use of relatively stable, abundant, and safe olefin surrogates or alkyl halides instead of the sensitive organometallics required in traditional cross-coupling reactions. Another advantage is that diverse functionalizations, including carbonation and more challenging amination and thiolation could be smoothly achieved with suitable electrophiles or their precursors. Finally, to address the challenging multifaceted selectivity and reactivity issues in asymmetric migratory cross-coupling reactions, we have developed a feasible ligand relay catalytic strategy. In this dynamic ligand exchange process, one ligand promotes rapid migration while the other promotes highly regio- and stereoselective coupling. This innovative strategy overcomes the formidable challenge stemming from the difficulty of designing a single ligand to efficiently promote both steps of chain-walking and asymmetric coupling. In the second part, a new platform for Ni-catalyzed migratory sp2 C-H functionalization via 1,4-Ni/H shift-selective cross-coupling has been reported. Starting from readily available aryl or vinyl coupling partners, the in situ-generated aryl- or vinylnickel(II) species could undergo a rapid and reversible 1,4-Ni/H shift along an sp2 backbone, and subsequent selective coupling with various coupling partners would allow regio- and stereoselective access to diverse 1,4-migratory functionalization products. The key to success was the discovery of an appropriate ligand to efficiently promote both migration and subsequent selective cross-coupling. A vinyl-to-aryl 1,4-Ni/H shift successfully enables the modular ipso/ortho difunctionalization of aryl coupling partners, while an aryl-to-vinyl 1,4-Ni/H shift enables regio- and stereoselective access to functionalized trisubstituted alkenes.We hope that this Account will inspire broad interest and future development of migratory cross-coupling reactions. We strongly believe that continued efforts in this fascinating field will overcome many of the remaining challenges, including cutting-edge ligand/catalyst design to enhance reactivity and selectivity, conceptually new migration modes for additional transformations, and in-depth mechanistic studies for rational reaction design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuli He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shaolin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fan P, Chen Z, Wang C. Nickel/Photo-Cocatalyzed Three-Component Alkyl-Acylation of Aryl-Activated Alkenes. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38048426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a nickel/photo-cocatalyzed three-component alkyl-acylation of aryl-substituted alkenes with aldehydes and electron-withdrawing-group-activated alkyl bromides, providing straightforward access to various ketones under mild and ligand-free conditions. The photocatalyst TBADT plays a dual role in activating the acyl C-H bond of aldehydes via hydrogen atom transfer and reducing the C-Br bond of alkyl bromides via single-electron transfer. While the terminal C-C bond is forged through polarity-matched radical-type addition, nickel is likely involved in the acylation step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low Temperature Co-Fired Materials, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui 232038, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gao Y, Gao L, Zhu E, Yang Y, Jie M, Zhang J, Pan Z, Xia C. Nickel/photoredox dual catalyzed arylalkylation of nonactivated alkenes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7917. [PMID: 38036527 PMCID: PMC10689762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkene dicarbofunctionalization is an efficient strategy and operation-economic fashion for introducing complexity in molecules. A nickel/photoredox dual catalyzed arylalkylation of nonactivated alkenes for the simultaneous construction of one C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond and one C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond has been developed. The mild catalytic method provided valuable indanethylamine derivatives with wide substrate scope and good functional group compatibility. An enantioselective dicarbofunctionalization was also achieved with pyridine-oxazoline as a ligand. The efficiency of metallaphotoredox dicarbofunctionalization was demonstrated for the concise synthesis of pharmaceutically active compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Endiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yunhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mi Jie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jiaqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhiqiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Chengfeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lu J, Yao Y, Li L, Fu N. Dual Transition Metal Electrocatalysis: Direct Decarboxylative Alkenylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38029443 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Direct decarboxylative alkenylation of widely available aliphatic carboxylic acids with vinyl halides for the synthesis of alkenes with all substitution patterns has been accomplished by means of Ce/Ni dual transition metal electrocatalysis. The reactions employ alkyl acids as the limiting reagents and exhibit a broad scope with respect to both coupling partners. Notably, simple primary alkyl carboxylic acids could be readily engaged as carbon-centered radical precursors in the reaction. This new alkenylation protocol has been successfully demonstrated in direct modification of naturally occurring complex acids and is amenable to the enantioselective decarboxylative alkenylation of arylacetic acid. Mechanistic studies, including a series of controlled experiments and cyclic voltammetry data, allow us to probe the key intermediates and the pathway of the reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liubo Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Long T, Zeng YL, Dong ZH, Li S, Zhan J, Zeng SM, Qiu JL, Chu WD, Liu QZ. Nickel-Catalyzed Three-Component Alkylarylation of Alkenyl N-Heteroarenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:8344-8349. [PMID: 37962415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed three-component alkylarylation of alkenyl N-heteroarenes with α-bromocarboxylates and aryl boronic acids is reported. The protocol provides a new method to access a variety of N-heteroarene substituted diarylalkanes in moderate to good yields. It features mild reaction conditions, cheap nickel catalyst, readily available substrates, and broad substrate scope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Long
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Li Zeng
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hong Dong
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, P.R. China
| | - Shu Li
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhan
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Min Zeng
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Li Qiu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Dao Chu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Zhong Liu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gu R, Feng X, Bao M, Zhang X. Modular access to alkylgermanes via reductive germylative alkylation of activated olefins under nickel catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7669. [PMID: 37996494 PMCID: PMC10667229 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-introducing difunctionalization of C-C double bonds enabled by transition-metal catalysis is one of most straightforward and efficient strategies to construct C-C and C-X bonds concurrently from readily available feedstocks towards structurally diverse molecules in one step; however, analogous difunctionalization for introducing germanium group and other functionalities remains elusive. Herein, we describe a nickel-catalyzed germylative alkylation of activated olefins with easily accessible primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl bromides and chlorogermanes as the electrophiles to form C-Ge and C-Calkyl bonds simultaneously. This method provides a modular and facile approach for the synthesis of a broad range of alkylgermanes with good functional group compatibility, and can be further applied to the late-stage modification of natural products and pharmaceuticals, as well as ligation of drug fragments. More importantly, this platform enables the expedient synthesis of germanium substituted ospemifene-Ge-OH, which shows improved properties compared to ospemifene in the treatment of breast cancer cells, demonstrating high potential of our protocol in drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang ZC, Zhang JW, Koh MJ, Shi SL. Divergent and Selective Light Alkene Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310203. [PMID: 37786301 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Light olefins are abundantly manufactured in the petroleum industry and thus represent ideal starting materials for modern chemical synthesis. Selective and divergent transformations of feedstock light olefins to value-added chemicals are highly sought-after but remain challenging. Herein we report an exceptionally regioselective carbonickelation of light alkenes followed by in situ trapping with three types of nucleophiles, namely a reductant, base, or Grignard reagent. This protocol enables efficient 1,2-hydrofunctionalization, dicarbofunctionalization, and branched-selective Heck-type cross-coupling of light alkenes with aryl and alkenyl reagents to streamline access to diverse alkyl arenes and complex alkenes. Harnessing bulky N-heterocyclic carbene ligands with acenaphthyl backbones for nickel catalysts is crucial to attain high reactivity and selectivity. This strategy provides a rare, modular, and divergent platform for upgrading feedstock alkenes and is expected to find broad applications in medicinal chemistry and industrial processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shi-Liang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lu L, Sui J, Huang S, Xiong B, Zeng X, Qiu X, Zhang Y. Nickel-Catalyzed 8-Aminoquinoline Directed Reductive Dialkylcyclization/Homodialkylation of Unactivated Alkenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:7800-7804. [PMID: 37874767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemo and regioselective dialkylation of alkene is an efficient protocol for constructing useful chemicals, but challenges remain in the unrestricted application of alkylating reagents. Alkyl bromide belongs to the easy-to-access and operable alkyl electrophiles that can be used in reductive coupling with alkenes. Here, we reported convenient strategies for dialkylcyclization and homodialkylation of unactivated β,γ- and γ,δ-unsaturated alkenyl amides with 1,3-dibromoalkanes or primary alkyl bromides under nickel-catalyzed reductive conditions that exhibited high regioselectivity and functional-group tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Lu
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jing Sui
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Biao Xiong
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaobao Zeng
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaodong Qiu
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ajmeera S, Golagani D, Akondi SM. Ferrocene catalyzed carbohydroxylation of alkenes using H 2O and cycloketone oxime esters. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8482-8487. [PMID: 37853953 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01481a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
A cyanoalkyl-hydroxylation reaction of aryl alkenes has been successfully devised, employing ferrocene as a catalyst for the addition of a cycloketone oxime ester and H2O across the double bond of the alkene. This environmentally friendly approach employs a solvent mixture consisting of water and demonstrates redox neutrality, along with exceptional regio- and chemoselectivity, leading to the formation of diverse distal hydroxy-nitrile compounds. Moreover, this research presents noteworthy contributions in terms of late-stage functionalization of complex molecules and offers valuable insights into the mechanistic aspects of the reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Ajmeera
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Durga Golagani
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Srirama Murthy Akondi
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mohar M, Ghosh S, Hajra A. Visible Light Induced Three-Component 1,2-Dicarbofunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300121. [PMID: 37309268 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing visible-light in organic synthesis is one of the most effective methods that aligns with green and sustainable chemistry principles and hence skyrocketed in the last two decades. Similarly, three-component 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes has recently been a great choice to construct complex molecular systems in an easy and rapid manner. Therefore, light-induced reactions can be an excellent alternative to carry out 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization reactions, and very recently, organic chemists across the globe have fascinated us with their interesting articles. In this present review, we have summarized the recent advancements in the area of visible light induced three-component 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes till March 2023. We have categorized the discussion based on the catalysts used to carry out the transformations for better understanding and different important aspects of these transformations have also been covered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrittika Mohar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lu L, Wang Y, Zhang W, Zhang W, See KA, Lin S. Three-Component Cross-Electrophile Coupling: Regioselective Electrochemical Dialkylation of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22298-22304. [PMID: 37801465 PMCID: PMC10625357 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The cross-electrophile dialkylation of alkenes enables the formation of two C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds from readily available starting materials in a single transformation, thereby providing a modular and expedient approach to building structural complexity in organic synthesis. Herein, we exploit the disparate electronic and steric properties of alkyl halides with varying degrees of substitution to accomplish their selective activation and addition to alkenes under electrochemical conditions. This method enables regioselective dialkylation of alkenes without the use of a transition-metal catalyst and provides access to a diverse range of synthetically useful compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiang Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Wendy Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kimberly A See
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sancheti SP, Singh Y, Mane MV, Patil NT. Gold-Catalyzed 1,2-Dicarbofunctionalization of Alkynes with Organohalides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310493. [PMID: 37649285 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first gold-catalyzed 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of alkynes using organohalides as non-prefunctionalized coupling partners. The mechanism of the reaction involves an oxidative addition/π-activation mechanism in contrast to the migratory insertion/cis-trans isomerization pathway that is predominantly observed with other transition metals yielding products with anti-selectivity. Mechanistic insights include several control experiments, NMR studies, HR-MSMS analyses, and DFT calculations that strongly support the proposed mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank P Sancheti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Yukta Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj V Mane
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Nitin T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Huang H, Lin YM, Gong L. Recent Advances in Photochemical Asymmetric Three-Component Reactions. CHEM REC 2023:e202300275. [PMID: 37772656 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, asymmetric photochemical synthesis has garnered significant attention for its sustainability and unique ability to generate enantio-enriched molecules through distinct reaction pathways. Photochemical asymmetric three-component reactions have demonstrated significant potential for the rapid construction of chiral compounds with molecular diversity and complexity. However, noteworthy challenges persist, including the participation of high-energy intermediates such as radical species, difficulties in precise control of stereoselectivity, and the presence of competing background and side reactions. Recent breakthroughs have led to the development of sophisticated strategies in this field. This review explores the intricate mechanisms, synthetic applications, and limitations of these methods. We anticipate that it will contribute towards advancing asymmetric catalysis, photochemical synthesis, and green chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fan Y, Xu S, Cai X, Hou Z, Chen T, Fu G, Zhu Z, Chen X. Bifunctionalization of styrene through ring-opening-recombination strategy of phenylpropathiazole salt. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7593-7596. [PMID: 37674470 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01271a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
By opening the ring of a benzothiazole salt, we provide a sulfur source for the bifunctional reaction of styrene. The ring-opening-recombination reaction of the benzothiazole salt simultaneously constructs new C-S, C-O, and CO bonds after C-S bond breaking. The reaction proceeds in green solvents, requires no transition metal catalyst, and is compatible with many functional groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Fan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Shengting Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Xinxin Cai
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Zhijing Hou
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Tianxiang Chen
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guozhang Fu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Zhongzhi Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wu Y, Liu H, Liu L, Yu JT. Metal-free polychloromethylation/cyclization of unactivated alkenes towards ring-fused tricyclic indolones and benzoimidazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7079-7084. [PMID: 37641965 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01191g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Polychloromethylative cyclization of N-alkenyl indoles was developed under metal-free conditions to afford tricyclic pyridoindolones and pyrroloindolones in moderate to good yields. In the reaction, commercially available CHCl3 and CH2Cl2 were employed as tri- and dichloromethyl radical sources. Moreover, tri- and dichloromethylated polycyclic benzoimidazoles can also be obtained under standard conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yechun Wu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Han Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Lingli Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Tao Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kumar A, Shukla K, Ahsan S, Paul A, Patil NT. Electrochemical Gold-Catalyzed 1,2-Difunctionalization of C-C Multiple Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308636. [PMID: 37491811 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose the first report of 1,2-difunctionalization of C-C multiple bonds using electrochemical gold redox catalysis. By adopting the electrochemical strategy, the inherent π-activation and cross-coupling reactivity of gold catalysis are harnessed to develop the oxy-alkynylation of allenoates under external-oxidant-free conditions. Detailed mechanistic investigations such as 31 P NMR, control experiments, mass studies, and cyclic voltammetric (CV) analysis have been performed to support the proposed reaction mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| | - Khyati Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| | - Salman Ahsan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| | - Amit Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| | - Nitin T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang DM, She LQ, Yuan H, Wu Y, Tang Y, Wang P. Ligand-Enabled Ni II -Catalyzed Hydroxylarylation of Alkenes with Molecular Oxygen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304573. [PMID: 37431727 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant in transition metal catalyzed oxidative process is an appealing and challenging task in organic synthetic chemistry. Here, we report a Ni-catalyzed hydroxylarylation of unactivated alkenes enabled by a β-diketone ligand with high efficiency and excellent regioselectivity employing molecular oxygen as the oxidant and hydroxyl source. This reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scope and incredible heterocycle compatibility, providing a variety of β-hydroxylamides, γ-hydroxylamides, β-aminoalcohols, γ-aminoalcohols, and 1,3-diols in high yields. The synthetic value of this methodology was demonstrated by the efficient synthesis of two bioactive compounds, (±)-3'-methoxyl citreochlorol and tea catechin metabolites M4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Li-Qin She
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen K, Liu Q, Wan J, Zhu C, Feng C. Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Dibenzylation of Trifluoromethylalkenes for CF 3-Containing All-Carbon Quaternary Center Construction. Org Lett 2023; 25:5995-6000. [PMID: 37553069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
A Ni-catalyzed reductive dicarbofunctionalization of α-CF3 styrenes with benzyl bromides has been accomplished. This transformation obviates the commonly facile β-F elimination effectively and enables the creation of CF3-substituted all-carbon quaternary centers of pharmaceutical interests. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest a pathway consisting of benzyl radical addition and subsequent nickel-mediated benzylation of the resulting α-CF3-embedded tertiary C radical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jinyan Wan
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chuan Zhu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bag S, Ojha S, Venugopalan S, Sahoo B. Photocatalytic Alkylation/Arylative Cyclization of N-Acrylamides of N-Heteroarenes and Arylamines with Dihydroquinazolinones from Unactivated Ketones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12121-12130. [PMID: 37515554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe a visible-light photoredox-catalyzed alkylation/arylative cyclization of N-acrylamides─from 2-arylindoles, 2-arylbenzimidazoles, or N-substituted anilines─with ketone-derived dihydroquinazolinones, accessing indolo- and benzimidazolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines or 2-oxindoles. The consecutive incorporation of alkyl- and aryl-carbogenic motifs across a C=C bond via formal cleavage of ketone α-C-C and arene C-H bonds leads to the formation of five- and six-membered rings, with an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter. This dicarbofunctionalization elaborates aromatization-driven radical C-C functionalization of unactivated aliphatic ketones to construct diverse cyclic structures with functionality tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Bag
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram - 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Shubham Ojha
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram - 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Sreelakshmi Venugopalan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram - 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Basudev Sahoo
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram - 695551, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lin J, Chen K, Wang J, Guo J, Dai S, Hu Y, Li J. Salt-stabilized alkylzinc pivalates: versatile reagents for cobalt-catalyzed selective 1,2-dialkylation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8672-8680. [PMID: 37592988 PMCID: PMC10430519 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02345a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction of Csp3-Csp3 bonds through Negishi-type reactions using alkylzinc reagents as the pronucleophiles is of great importance for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. However, the use of air and moisture sensitive solutions of conventional alkylzinc halides, which show unsatisfying reactivity and limitation of generality in twofold Csp3-Csp3 cross-couplings, still represents drawbacks. We herein report the first preparation of solid and salt-stabilized alkylzinc pivalates by OPiv-coordination, which exhibit enhanced stability and a distinct advantage of reacting well in cobalt-catalyzed difluoroalkylation-alkylation of dienoates, thus achieving the modular and site-selective installation of CF2- and Csp3-groups across double bonds in a stereoretentive manifold. This reaction proceeds under simple and mild conditions and features broad substrate scope and functional group compatibility. Kinetic experiments highlight that OPiv-tuning on the alkylzinc pivalates is the key for improving their reactivity in twofold Csp3-Csp3 cross-couplings. Furthermore, facile modifications of bioactive molecules and fluorinated products demonstrate the synthetical utility of our salt-stabilized alkylzinc reagents and cobalt-catalyzed alkyldifluoroalkylation protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Kaixin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jiawei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Siheng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Ying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lux DM, Aryal V, Niroula D, Giri R. Nickel-Catalyzed Regioselective Intermolecular Dialkylation of Alkenylarenes: Generation of Two Vicinal C(sp 3 )-C(sp 3 ) Bonds Across Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305522. [PMID: 37316459 PMCID: PMC10528944 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We disclose a Ni-catalyzed regioselective dialkylation reaction of alkenylarenes with α-halocarbonyls and alkylzinc reagents. The reaction produces γ-arylated alkanecarbonyl compounds with the generation of two new C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) bonds at the vicinal carbons of alkenes. This reaction is effective for the use of primary, secondary and tertiary α-halocarboxylic esters, amides and ketones in conjunction with primary and secondary alkylzinc reagents as the sources of two C(sp3 ) carbons for the dialkylation of terminal and cyclic internal alkenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Katzbaer JN, Torres VM, Elacqua E, Giri R. Nickel-Catalyzed Alkene Difunctionalization as a Method for Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:14196-14201. [PMID: 37343225 PMCID: PMC11216810 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Alkene dicarbofunctionalization is a rapidly emerging tool for complex molecule synthesis that installs two carbon fragments regioselectively across an alkene. This method has the potential to engineer stereodefined polymers, yet the application of difunctionalization reactions to polymer synthesis remains unexplored. Herein, we describe the first example of a Ni-catalyzed difunctionalization of alkenes with arylboronic esters and aryl bromides innate to the alkene. The polymerization reaction proceeds regioselectively with the addition of the aryl bromide to the terminal alkenyl carbon and arylboronic ester to the internal benzylic carbon. The resultant poly[arylene-α-(aryl)ethylene]s comprise aryl groups installed at regular intervals along the polymer backbone through chain propagation in two directions. Polymers with molecular weights generally ranging from 30 to 175 kDa were obtained after successful fractionation from oligomeric species. Thermal analysis of the poly[arylene α-(aryl)ethylene]s revealed stability up to ∼399 °C, with a Tg of 90 °C, both of which are similar in value to poly(styrene)s and poly(phenylene methylene)s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia N. Katzbaer
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Vincent M. Torres
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Elizabeth Elacqua
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang X, Xue J, Rong ZQ. Divergent Access to Chiral C2- and C3-Alkylated Pyrrolidines by Catalyst-Tuned Regio- and Enantioselective C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37307532 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Novel-substituted pyrrolidine derivatives are widely used in drugs and bioactive molecules. The efficient synthesis of these valuable skeletons, especially enantiopure derivatives, is still recognized as a key bottleneck to overcome in chemical synthesis. Herein, we report a highly efficient catalyst-tuned regio- and enantioselective hydroalkylation reaction for the divergent synthesis of chiral C2- and C3-alkylated pyrrolidines through desymmetrization of the readily available 3-pyrrolines. The catalytic system consists of CoBr2 with a modified bisoxazoline (BOX) ligand, which can achieve the asymmetric C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling via the distal stereocontrol, providing a series of C3-alkylated pyrrolidines in high efficiency. Moreover, the nickel catalytic system allows the enantioselective hydroalkylation to synthesize the C2-alkylated pyrrolidines through the tandem alkene isomerization/hydroalkylation reaction. This divergent method uses readily available catalysts, chiral BOX ligands, and reagents, delivering enantioenriched 2-/3-alkyl substituted pyrrolidines with excellent regio- and enantioselectivity (up to 97% ee). We also demonstrate the compatibility of this transformation with complex substrates derived from a series of drugs and bioactive molecules in good efficiency, which offers a distinct entry to more functionalized chiral N-heterocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuchao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Rong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| |
Collapse
|