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Hwang YJ, Park Y, Jeong W, Kim M, Lee H, An B, Lee Y, Jeong H, Kim G, Choi J, Ha DH. Morphology Control of Au-Ni Hybrid Nanoparticles: Exploring Heterostructures and Optical Tuning. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11660-11666. [PMID: 38861724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted considerable attention because of their ability to provide diverse properties by integrating the inherent properties of multiple components; however, synthetic strategies to control their morphology remain unexplored. In this study, a new method was used to control the morphology and optical properties of Au-Ni heterostructure (ANH) NPs. Unique morphological changes were observed by varying the Au/Ni precursor ratio from 2:1 to 1:4, exhibiting a shape transformation from dumbbell-like to quasi-spherical owing to the Ni NP size expansion, whereas the Au NP maintained their size. Moreover, increasing the Ni ratio induced plasmonic band broadening and wavelength redshift, resulting in color changes from red to navy and black. In terms of the structure, the atomic orientation of the crystallite showed that even a large lattice mismatch can result in heterojunctions at the NPs. In addition, the reaction aliquots uncovered heterogeneous nucleation and growth of ANH NPs in the colloidal system, demonstrating Ni reduction on the preformed Au NP owing to the reduction in potential gap. This study provides new insights into controlling the morphology of hybrid NPs using colloidal synthesis and the design of optimized materials for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jae Hwang
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsu Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseok Jeong
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Boeun An
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongbin Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesoo Jeong
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuhyeon Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Don-Hyung Ha
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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2
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Maji M, Dutta S, Jena R, Dey A, Maji TK, Pati SK, Bhattacharyya S. Hydrogen Evolution in Neutral Media by Differential Intermediate Binding at Charge-Modulated Sites of a Bimetallic Alloy Electrocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403697. [PMID: 38512122 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The energy barrier to dissociate neutral water has been lowered by the differential intermediate binding on the charge-modulated metal centers of Co85Mo15 sheets supported on Ni-foam (NF), where the overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) is only 50±9 mV at -10 mA cm-2. It has a turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.18 s-1, mass activity of 13.2 A g-1 at -200 mV vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), and produces 16 ml H2 h-1 at -300 mV vs. RHE, more than double that of 20 % Pt/C. The Moδ+ and Coδ- sites adsorb OH*, and H*, respectively, and the electron injection from Co to H-O-H cleaves the O-H bond to form the Mo-OH* intermediate. Operando spectral analyses indicate a weak H-bonded network for facilitating the H2O*/OH* transport, and a potential-induced reversal of the charge density from Co to the more electronegative Mo, because of the electron withdrawing Co-H* and Mo-OH* species. Co85Mo15/NF can also drive the complete electrolysis of neutral water at only 1.73 V (10 mA cm-2). In alkaline, and acidic media, it demonstrates a Pt-like HER activity, accomplishing -1000 mA cm-2 at overpotentials of 161±7, and 175±22 mV, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoni Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Supriti Dutta
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Rohan Jena
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Anupam Dey
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Maji
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Swapan K Pati
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Sayan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
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3
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Shen K, Bi C, Yang H, Xu M, Huang L, Wang Y. Phenylboronic acid modification-based novel dumbbell-shaped Au-Ag nanorod SERS substrates for ultrasensitive detection of SO 42. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2311-2321. [PMID: 38529920 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01831h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Based on the coordination principle of Lewis acids, a 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA)-modified novel dumbbell-shaped Au-Ag nanorod (4-MPBA@DS Au-AgNR) substrate was developed, which could be combined with the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique to detect SO42- with high sensitivity and specificity. DS Au-AgNRs synthesized in this study with a dumbbell-shaped structure were verified by finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulation to be capable of stimulating strong localized electromagnetic enhancement (EM) at nano-edge and gap, generating a large number of "hot spots" exhibiting excellent SERS performance. The 4-MPBA modified on its surface could specifically recognize SO42-, producing a change in the spectral peak at 1382 cm-1, thus realizing highly sensitive and specific sensing of SO42-. Under optimized conditions, this SERS sensor responded rapidly to SO42- within 2 minutes and demonstrated outstanding specificity. Calculation of the ratio of the characteristic peaks at 1382 and 1070 cm-1 (I1382/I1070) enabled the quantitative detection of SO42- in the range of 1 × 10-8-1 × 10-3 M, and the detection threshold was as low as 1 nM, which was superior to those of similar detection methods. Importantly, the utility and reliability of this SERS substrate for the determination of SO42- in actual samples were evaluated using ion chromatography as the gold standard, and there was no significant difference between the two protocols (P > 0.05), and the RSD was less than 6% with a satisfactory recovery rate (97.6-102.3%). Therefore, the present protocol has the advantages of simplicity and rapidity, high sensitivity, specificity, stability, and practicability in the determination of SO42- in aqueous solution, providing a reliable solution for tracing SO42- in the fields of food safety and environmental testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Caili Bi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Haifan Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Miaowen Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Lili Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Youwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China.
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4
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Liu C, Wu T, Lalanne P, Maier SA. Enhanced Light-Matter Interaction in Metallic Nanoparticles: A Generic Strategy of Smart Void Filling. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4641-4648. [PMID: 38579120 PMCID: PMC11036389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The intrinsic properties of materials play a substantial role in light-matter interactions, impacting both bulk metals and nanostructures. While plasmonic nanostructures exhibit strong interactions with photons via plasmon resonances, achieving efficient light absorption/scattering in other transition metals remains a challenge, impeding various applications related to optoelectronics, chemistry, and energy harvesting. Here, we propose a universal strategy to enhance light-matter interaction, through introducing voids onto the surface of metallic nanoparticles. This strategy spans nine metals including those traditionally considered optically inactive. The absorption cross section of void-filled nanoparticles surpasses the value of plasmonic (Ag/Au) counterparts with tunable resonance peaks across a broad spectral range. Notably, this enhancement is achieved under arbitrary polarizations and varied particle sizes and in the presence of geometric disorder, highlighting the universal adaptability. Our strategy holds promise for inspiring emerging devices in photocatalysis, bioimaging, optical sensing, and beyond, particularly when metals other than gold or silver are preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxu Liu
- Centre
for Metamaterial Research & Innovation, Department of Engineering, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
| | - Tong Wu
- LP2N, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université
de Bordeaux, Talence 33400, France
| | - Philippe Lalanne
- LP2N, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université
de Bordeaux, Talence 33400, France
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Blackett
Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
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5
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Bagnall AJ, Ganguli S, Sekretareva A. Hot or Not? Reassessing Mechanisms of Photocurrent Generation in Plasmon-Enhanced Electrocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314352. [PMID: 38009712 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that certain effects arising from localised surface plasmon resonance, such as enhanced electromagnetic fields, hot carriers, and thermal effects, can facilitate electrocatalytic processes. This newly emerging field of research is commonly referred to as plasmon-enhanced electrocatalysis (PEEC) and is attracting increasing interest from the research community, particularly regarding harnessing the high energy of hot carriers. However, this has led to a lack of critical analysis in the literature, where the participation of hot carriers is routinely claimed due to their perceived desirability, while the contribution of other effects is often not sufficiently investigated. As a result, correctly differentiating between the possible mechanisms at play has become a key point of contention. In this review, we specifically focus on the mechanisms behind photocurrents observed in PEEC and critically evaluate the possibility of alternative sources of current enhancement in the reported PEEC systems. Furthermore, we present guidelines for the best experimental practices and methods to distinguish between the various enhancement mechanisms in PEEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Bagnall
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sagar Ganguli
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alina Sekretareva
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
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6
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Keshipour S, Eyvari-Ashnak F. Chitosan-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Carbon as a Support of Cobalt(II)-Phthalocyanine/Gold Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Water Splitting. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:41624-41632. [PMID: 37970060 PMCID: PMC10633874 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Water splitting is considered one of the worthy approaches to generate hydrogen as a green fuel with diverse applications. Promoting this reaction with the photocatalytic strategy enjoys a free source of solar energy, without the use of expensive instruments. In this research, gold nanoparticles and cobalt(II)-phthalocyanine were deposited on nitrogen-doped carbon, obtained from chitosan, to afford a photocatalytic water splitting at the rate of 792 mol molAu-1 h-1. Gold as the catalyst in contact with cobalt(II)-phthalocyanine as the sensitizer and nitrogen-doped carbon as the support/semiconductor provided a desired heterojunction for the photocatalytic purpose. The nanocomposite showed remarkable light harvesting in the region of visible light with a band gap of 2.01 eV. While a facile protocol to the synthesis of the mentioned photocatalyst by a simple thermal treatment of cobalt(II)-phthalocyanine and chitosan could be invaluable, this research pointed out the significance of cobalt(II)-phthalocyanine as the sensitizer in the gold photocatalytic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Keshipour
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 57179-44514, Iran
| | - Faezeh Eyvari-Ashnak
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 57179-44514, Iran
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7
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Lee SJ, Jang H, Lee DN. Recent advances in nanoflowers: compositional and structural diversification for potential applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5165-5213. [PMID: 37767032 PMCID: PMC10521310 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00163f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoscience and nanotechnology have emerged as promising fields in materials science. Spectroscopic techniques like scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy have revolutionized the characterization, manipulation, and size control of nanomaterials, enabling the creation of diverse materials such as fullerenes, graphene, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanorods, nanowires, nanoparticles, nanocones, and nanosheets. Among these nanomaterials, there has been considerable interest in flower-shaped hierarchical 3D nanostructures, known as nanoflowers. These structures offer advantages like a higher surface-to-volume ratio compared to spherical nanoparticles, cost-effectiveness, and environmentally friendly preparation methods. Researchers have explored various applications of 3D nanostructures with unique morphologies derived from different nanoflowers. The nanoflowers are classified as organic, inorganic and hybrid, and the hybrids are a combination thereof, and most research studies of the nanoflowers have been focused on biomedical applications. Intriguingly, among them, inorganic nanoflowers have been studied extensively in various areas, such as electro, photo, and chemical catalysis, sensors, supercapacitors, and batteries, owing to their high catalytic efficiency and optical characteristics, which arise from their composition, crystal structure, and local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Despite the significant interest in inorganic nanoflowers, comprehensive reviews on this topic have been scarce until now. This is the first review focusing on inorganic nanoflowers for applications in electro, photo, and chemical catalysts, sensors, supercapacitors, and batteries. Since the early 2000s, more than 350 papers have been published on this topic with many ongoing research projects. This review categorizes the reported inorganic nanoflowers into four groups based on their composition and structure: metal, metal oxide, alloy, and other nanoflowers, including silica, metal-metal oxide, core-shell, doped, coated, nitride, sulfide, phosphide, selenide, and telluride nanoflowers. The review thoroughly discusses the preparation methods, conditions for morphology and size control, mechanisms, characteristics, and potential applications of these nanoflowers, aiming to facilitate future research and promote highly effective and synergistic applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jung Lee
- Ingenium College of Liberal Arts (Chemistry), Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Korea
| | - Hongje Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Korea
| | - Do Nam Lee
- Ingenium College of Liberal Arts (Chemistry), Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Korea
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8
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Zhao Y, Shao J, Jin Z, Zheng W, Yao J, Ma W. Plasmon-enhanced electroreduction activity of Au-AgPd Janus nanoparticles for ochratoxin a detection. Food Chem 2023; 412:135526. [PMID: 36731235 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) was a dangerous biological toxin, and would easily contaminate food and induced food safety problems. The development of electrochemical aptasensors by designing strong and anti-interfere electroactive labels could improve the sensitivity and accuracy of OTA detection. In this contribution, novel electroactive Au-AgPd Janus NPs were firstly synthesized and exhibited electroreduction signal at -0.4 V, owing to the reduction process of Pd2+. The electroreduction signal was amplified 1.5 times under local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) excitation, which could improve the sensitivity of OTA detection. Plasmon-enhanced electroreduction principle of Au-AgPd Janus NPs was verified, which endowed electrochemical aptasensor with high accuracy and anti-interference ability for OTA detection. Au-AgPd Janus NPs served as electrochemical beacon achieved sensitive and accurate OTA detection with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.98 pM. This work opens up new directions for the construction of electroactive heterostructures for the sensitive and accurate biotoxins electroanalytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Juanjuan Shao
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, Hebei 061100, China
| | - Zhao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wangwang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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9
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Lomonosov V, Wayman TMR, Hopper ER, Ivanov YP, Divitini G, Ringe E. Plasmonic magnesium nanoparticles decorated with palladium catalyze thermal and light-driven hydrogenation of acetylene. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7420-7429. [PMID: 36988987 PMCID: PMC10134437 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00745f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic Pd-Mg nanoparticles were synthesized by partial galvanic replacement of plasmonic Mg nanoparticles, and their catalytic and photocatalytic properties in selective hydrogenation of acetylene have been investigated. Electron probe studies confirm that the Mg-Pd structures mainly consist of metallic Mg and sustain several localized plasmon resonances across a broad wavelength range. We demonstrate that, even without light excitation, the Pd-Mg nanostructures exhibit an excellent catalytic activity with selectivity to ethylene of 55% at 100% acetylene conversion achieved at 60 °C. With laser excitation at room temperature over a range of intensities and wavelengths, the initial reaction rate increased up to 40 times with respect to dark conditions and a 2-fold decrease of the apparent activation energy was observed. A significant wavelength-dependent change in hydrogenation kinetics strongly supports a catalytic behavior affected by plasmon excitation. This report of coupling between Mg's plasmonic and Pd's catalytic properties paves the way for sustainable catalytic structures for challenging, industrially relevant selective hydrogenation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Lomonosov
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Thomas M R Wayman
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Hopper
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Yurii P Ivanov
- Electron Spectroscopy and Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Electron Spectroscopy and Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
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10
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Demishkevich E, Zyubin A, Seteikin A, Samusev I, Park I, Hwangbo CK, Choi EH, Lee GJ. Synthesis Methods and Optical Sensing Applications of Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles Made from Rhodium, Platinum, Gold, or Silver. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3342. [PMID: 37176223 PMCID: PMC10180225 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth review of plasmonic metal nanoparticles made from rhodium, platinum, gold, or silver. We describe fundamental concepts, synthesis methods, and optical sensing applications of these nanoparticles. Plasmonic metal nanoparticles have received a lot of interest due to various applications, such as optical sensors, single-molecule detection, single-cell detection, pathogen detection, environmental contaminant monitoring, cancer diagnostics, biomedicine, and food and health safety monitoring. They provide a promising platform for highly sensitive detection of various analytes. Due to strongly localized optical fields in the hot-spot region near metal nanoparticles, they have the potential for plasmon-enhanced optical sensing applications, including metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and biomedical imaging. We explain the plasmonic enhancement through electromagnetic theory and confirm it with finite-difference time-domain numerical simulations. Moreover, we examine how the localized surface plasmon resonance effects of gold and silver nanoparticles have been utilized for the detection and biosensing of various analytes. Specifically, we discuss the syntheses and applications of rhodium and platinum nanoparticles for the UV plasmonics such as UV-MEF and UV-SERS. Finally, we provide an overview of chemical, physical, and green methods for synthesizing these nanoparticles. We hope that this paper will promote further interest in the optical sensing applications of plasmonic metal nanoparticles in the UV and visible ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Demishkevich
- Research and Educational Center, Fundamental and Applied Photonics, Nanophotonics, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Andrey Zyubin
- Research and Educational Center, Fundamental and Applied Photonics, Nanophotonics, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Alexey Seteikin
- Research and Educational Center, Fundamental and Applied Photonics, Nanophotonics, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Department of Physics, Amur State University, 675021 Blagoveshchensk, Russia
| | - Ilia Samusev
- Research and Educational Center, Fundamental and Applied Photonics, Nanophotonics, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kwon Hwangbo
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Joon Lee
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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11
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Nazir A, Huo P, Wang H, Weiqiang Z, Wan Y. A review on plasmonic-based heterojunction photocatalysts for degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2023; 58:6474-6515. [PMID: 37065680 PMCID: PMC10039801 DOI: 10.1007/s10853-023-08391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Organic pollutants in wastewater are the biggest problem facing the world today due to population growth, rapid increase in industrialization, urbanization, and technological advancement. There have been numerous attempts to use conventional wastewater treatment techniques to address the issue of worldwide water contamination. However, conventional wastewater treatment has a number of shortcomings, including high operating costs, low efficiency, difficult preparation, fast recombination of charge carriers, generation of secondary waste, and limited light absorption. Therefore, plasmonic-based heterojunction photocatalysts have attracted much attention as a promising method to reduce organic pollutant problems in water due to their excellent efficiency, low operating cost, ease of fabrication, and environmental friendliness. In addition, plasmonic-based heterojunction photocatalysts contain a local surface plasmon resonance that enhances the performance of photocatalysts by improving light absorption and separation of photoexcited charge carriers. This review summarizes the major plasmonic effects in photocatalysts, including hot electron, local field effect, and photothermal effect, and explains the plasmonic-based heterojunction photocatalysts with five junction systems for the degradation of pollutants. Recent work on the development of plasmonic-based heterojunction photocatalysts for the degradation of various organic pollutants in wastewater is also discussed. Lastly, the conclusions and challenges are briefly described and the direction of future development of heterojunction photocatalysts with plasmonic materials is explored. This review could serve as a guide for the understanding, investigation, and construction of plasmonic-based heterojunction photocatalysts for various organic pollutants degradation. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Herein, the plasmonic effects in photocatalysts, such as hot electrons, local field effect, and photothermal effect, as well as the plasmonic-based heterojunction photocatalysts with five junction systems for the degradation of pollutants are explained. Recent work on plasmonic-based heterojunction photocatalysts for the degradation of various organic pollutants in wastewater such as dyes, pesticides, phenols, and antibiotics is discussed. Challenges and future developments are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Nazir
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
| | - Pengwei Huo
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
| | - Huijie Wang
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
| | - Zhou Weiqiang
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
| | - Yang Wan
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
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12
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Enhancing the photocatalytic regeneration of nicotinamide cofactors with surface engineered plasmonic antenna-reactor system. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Rodrigues MPS, Dourado AHB, Sampaio de Oliveira-Filho AG, de Lima Batista AP, Feil M, Krischer K, Córdoba de Torresi SI. Gold–Rhodium Nanoflowers for the Plasmon-Enhanced CO 2 Electroreduction Reaction upon Visible Light. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria P. S. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-080São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Nonequilibrium Chemical Physics, Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748Garching, Germany
| | - André H. B. Dourado
- Nonequilibrium Chemical Physics, Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748Garching, Germany
| | - Antonio G. Sampaio de Oliveira-Filho
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana P. de Lima Batista
- Departamento de Química, Grupo Computacional de Catálise e Espectroscopia (GCCE), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, CP 676, 13565-905São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Moritz Feil
- Nonequilibrium Chemical Physics, Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748Garching, Germany
| | - Katharina Krischer
- Nonequilibrium Chemical Physics, Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748Garching, Germany
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14
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Electric Double Layer: The Good, the Bad, and the Beauty. ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electrochem3040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The electric double layer (EDL) is the most important region for electrochemical and heterogeneous catalysis. Because of it, its modeling and investigation are something that can be found in the literature for a long time. However, nowadays, it is still a hot topic of investigation, mainly because of the improvement in simulation and experimental techniques. The present review aims to present the classical models for the EDL, as well as presenting how this region affects electrochemical data in everyday experimentation, how to obtain and interpret information about EDL, and, finally, how to obtain some molecular point of view insights on it.
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15
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Huang X, He ZL, Chen Y, Xu Q, Zhu M, Zhai C. Self-standing three-dimensional PdAu nanoflowers for plasma-enhanced photo-electrocatalytic methanol oxidation with a CO-free dominant mechanism. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 625:850-858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Lee SJ, Jang H, Lee DN. Inorganic Nanoflowers—Synthetic Strategies and Physicochemical Properties for Biomedical Applications: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091887. [PMID: 36145635 PMCID: PMC9505446 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoflowers, which are flower-shaped nanomaterials, have attracted significant attention from scientists due to their unique morphologies, facile synthetic methods, and physicochemical properties such as a high surface-to-volume ratio, enhanced charge transfer and carrier immobility, and an increased surface reaction efficiency. Nanoflowers can be synthesized using inorganic or organic materials, or a combination of both (called a hybrid), and are mainly used for biomedical applications. Thus far, researchers have focused on hybrid nanoflowers and only a few studies on inorganic nanoflowers have been reported. For the first time in the literature, we have consolidated all the reports on the biomedical applications of inorganic nanoflowers in this review. Herein, we review some important inorganic nanoflowers, which have applications in antibacterial treatment, wound healing, combinatorial cancer therapy, drug delivery, and biosensors to detect diseased conditions such as diabetes, amyloidosis, and hydrogen peroxide poisoning. In addition, we discuss the recent advances in their biomedical applications and preparation methods. Finally, we provide a perspective on the current trends and potential future directions in nanoflower research. The development of inorganic nanoflowers for biomedical applications has been limited to date. Therefore, a diverse range of nanoflowers comprising inorganic elements and materials with composite structures must be synthesized using ecofriendly synthetic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jung Lee
- Ingenium College of Liberal Arts (Chemistry), Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Hongje Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (D.N.L.)
| | - Do Nam Lee
- Ingenium College of Liberal Arts (Chemistry), Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (D.N.L.)
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17
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Rodrigues MP, Dourado AH, Krischer K, Torresi SIC. Gold–rhodium nanoflowers for the plasmon enhanced ethanol electrooxidation under visible light for tuning the activity and selectivity. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Li X, Anwer S, Guan Q, Anjum DH, Palmisano G, Zheng L. Coupling Long-Range Facet Junction and Interfacial Heterojunction via Edge-Selective Deposition for High-Performance Z-Scheme Photocatalyst. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200346. [PMID: 35466563 PMCID: PMC9218749 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The construction of photocatalytic systems that have strong redox capability, effective charge separation, and large reactive surfaces is of great scientific and practical interest. Herein, an edge-connected 2D/2D Z-scheme system that combines the facet junction and the interfacial heterojunction to achieve effective long-range charge separation and large reactive surface exposure is designed and fabricated. The heterostructure is realized by the selective growth of 2D-layered MoS2 nanoflakes on the edge-sites of thin TiO2 nanosheets via an Au-promoted photodeposition method. Attributed to the synergetic coupling of the facet junction and the interfacial heterojunction that assures the effective charge separation, and the tremendous but physically separated reactive sites offered by layered MoS2 and highly-exposed (001) facets of TiO2 , respectively, the artificial Z-scheme exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance in photodegradation tests. Moreover, the junctional plasmonic Au nanoclusters not only act as electron traps to promote the edge-selective synthesis but also generate "hot electrons" to further boost photocatalytic performance. The Z-scheme charge-flow direction in the heterostructure and the roles of electrons and holes are comprehensively studied using in situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photodegradation tests. This work offers a new insight into designing high-performance Z-scheme photocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKhalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu Dhabi127788United Arab Emirates
- Research and Innovation on CO2 and H2 (RICH) CenterKhalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu Dhabi127788United Arab Emirates
| | - Shoaib Anwer
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKhalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu Dhabi127788United Arab Emirates
| | - Qiangshun Guan
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKhalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu Dhabi127788United Arab Emirates
| | - Dalaver H. Anjum
- Department of PhysicsKhalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu Dhabi127788United Arab Emirates
| | - Giovanni Palmisano
- Research and Innovation on CO2 and H2 (RICH) CenterKhalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu Dhabi127788United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKhalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu Dhabi127788United Arab Emirates
| | - Lianxi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKhalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu Dhabi127788United Arab Emirates
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19
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Tong F, Liang X, Liu M, Wang Z, Liu Y, Wang P, Cheng H, Dai Y, Zheng Z, Huang B. Plasmon-Enhanced Water Activation for Hydrogen Evolution from Ammonia-Borane Studied at a Single-Particle Level. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 Shandong Province, China
| | - Xizhuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 Shandong Province, China
| | - Mu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 Shandong Province, China
| | - Zeyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 Shandong Province, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 Shandong Province, China
| | - Hefeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying Dai
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhaoke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 Shandong Province, China
| | - Baibiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 Shandong Province, China
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20
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da Silva RTP, Córdoba De Torresi SI, de Oliveira PFM. Mechanochemical Strategies for the Preparation of SiO2-Supported AgAu Nanoalloy Catalysts. Front Chem 2022; 10:836597. [PMID: 35186886 PMCID: PMC8847606 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.836597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver-gold nanoalloys were prepared from their metal salts precursors through bottom-up mechanochemical synthesis, using one-pot or galvanic replacement reaction strategies. The nanostructures were prepared over amorphous SiO2 as an inert supporting material, facilitating their stabilization without the use of any stabilizing agent. The nanomaterials were extensively characterized, confirming the formation of the bimetallic nanostructures. The nanoalloys were tested as catalysts in the hydrogenation of 2-nitroaniline and exhibited up to 4-fold the rate constant and up to 37% increased conversion compared to the respective single metal nanoparticles. Our approach is advantageous to produce nanoparticles with clean surfaces with available catalytic sites, directly in the solid-state and in an environmentally friendly manner.
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21
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Xu C, Chen H, Zhao W, Wang N, Liu T, Wu J, Sun S, Lin M. Plasmon-enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution based on tannic acid–platinum film functionalized gold nanoparticles. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03716e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A tannic acid–platinum self-assembled complex modified on gold nanocomposites exhibited plasmon-enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hanrui Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Tingwei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shengjun Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Meng Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
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22
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Yang A, Huang Q, Wei Z, Yu Z, Cui M, Lei W, Tang Y, Qiu X. l-Lysine derived fabrication of Cu@Ni core–satellite nanoassemblies as efficient non-Pt catalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00963c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With assistance of l-lysine, Cu@Ni core–satellite nanoassemblies were fabricated, which could serve as efficient non-Pt electrocatalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction due to both the component effects and structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhou Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiuzi Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zehan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Meifeng Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wu Lei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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