1
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Yu C, Leitch JA, Gierlichs L, Das S, Porch A, Melen RL, Browne DL. Use of Microwave Dielectric Spectroscopy for the In Actu Assessment of Frustrated Lewis Pair Encounter Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19809-19817. [PMID: 39012041 PMCID: PMC11273348 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) offer an important and promising paradigm for main group catalysis. Reported here is the use of microwave dielectric spectroscopy for the in actu detection of FLP encounter complexes. This technique focuses on the room-temperature measurement of the loss component of microwave permittivity (ε2) over the bandwidth from 0.5 to 6.8 GHz. The microwave loss measured for a Lewis pair in a toluene host solution is compared with the losses of the individual components when measured separately, and the difference in loss Δε2 is used to characterize the electrostatic interaction between the pair. The Δε2 value shows a direct correlation with an ability for the FLP encounter complex to split hydrogen gas and abstract hydrogen from γ-terpinene and has led to the identification of a novel FLP encounter complex, tris-pentafluorophenyl borane-eucalyptol pairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihang Yu
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London, School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London W1CN 1AX, U.K.
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London, School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London W1CN 1AX, U.K.
| | - Lukas Gierlichs
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Translational Research Hub, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, Cymru/Wales CF24 4HQ, U.K.
| | - Sampurna Das
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Translational Research Hub, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, Cymru/Wales CF24 4HQ, U.K.
| | - Adrian Porch
- Centre
for High Frequency Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queen’s Buildings, Newport Road, Cardiff, Cardiff CF24 3AA, U.K.
| | - Rebecca L. Melen
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Translational Research Hub, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, Cymru/Wales CF24 4HQ, U.K.
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London, School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London W1CN 1AX, U.K.
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2
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Kótai B, Laczkó G, Hamza A, Pápai I. Stereocontrol via Propeller Chirality in FLP-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400241. [PMID: 38294415 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Utilization of chiral frustrated Lewis pairs as catalysts in enantioselective hydrogenation of unsaturated molecules represents a promising approach in asymmetric synthesis. In our effort to improve our current understanding of the factors governing the stereoselectivity in these catalytic processes, herein we examined the mechanism of direct hydrogenation of aromatic enamines catalyzed by a binaphthyl-based chiral amino-borane. Our computational analysis reveals that only one particular conformer of the key borohydride reaction intermediate can be regarded as a reactive form of this species. This borohydride conformer has a well-defined chiral propeller shape, which induces facial selectivity in the hydride transfer to pro-chiral iminium intermediates. The propeller chirality of the reactive borohydride conformer is generated by the axially chiral binaphthyl scaffold of the amino-borane catalyst through stabilizing π-π stacking interactions. This new computational insight can be readily used to interpret the high degree of stereoinduction observed for these reactions. We expect that the concept of chirality relay could be further exploited in catalyst design endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kótai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2
- Hevesy György Ph.D. School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G Laczkó
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2
- Hevesy György Ph.D. School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Hamza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2
| | - I Pápai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2
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3
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Žáková A, Saha P, Paparakis A, Zábranský M, Gastelu G, Kukla J, Uranga JG, Hulla M. Hexacoordinated tin complexes catalyse imine hydrogenation with H 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3287-3290. [PMID: 38421350 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05878f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) hydrogenation catalysts predominantly use alkyl- and aryl-substituted Lewis acids (LA) that offer a limited number of combinations of substituents, limiting our ability to tune their properties and, ultimately, their reactivity. Nevertheless, main-group complexes have numerous ligands available for such purposes, which could enable us to broaden the range of FLP catalysis. Supporting this hypothesis, we demonstrate here that hexacoordinated tin complexes with Schiff base ligands catalyse imine hydrogenation via activation of H2(g). As shown by hydrogen-deuterium scrambling, [Sn(tBu2Salen)(OTf)2] activated H2(g) at 25 °C and 10 bar of H2. After tuning the ligands, we found that [Sn(Salen)Cl2] was the most efficient imine hydrogenation catalyst despite having the lowest activity in H2(g) activation. Moreover, various imines were hydrogenated in yields up to 98% thereby opening up opportunities for developing novel FLP hydrogenation catalysts based on hexacoordinated LA of main-group elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Žáková
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Charles, University Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Pritha Saha
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Charles, University Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexandros Paparakis
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Charles, University Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Zábranský
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Charles, University Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Gabriela Gastelu
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-Química Córdoba Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (INFIQC-CONICET), Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Jaroslav Kukla
- Institute of Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science Charles, University Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jorge G Uranga
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-Química Córdoba Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (INFIQC-CONICET), Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Martin Hulla
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Charles, University Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic.
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4
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He Y, Wen Z, Nie W, Yang L. Mechanistic Study of B(C 6F 5) 3-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Aldehydes/Ketones with PhSiH 3 and Stoichiometric Water. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:341-350. [PMID: 38222538 PMCID: PMC10785341 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A DFT study was performed on the mechanisms of B(C6F5)3-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of aldehydes/ketones, using PhSiH3 and stoichiometric water. Path B2 includes a stepwise Piers SN2-Si process, H- transfer, and hydrolysis desilylation of siloxane, in which the hydrolysis desilylation step is rate-determining. Path C1 is first determined, involving a B(C6F5)3-catalyzed concerted addition step of 2H2O to carbonyl generating R1R2C(OH)2, a subsequent SN2-Si dehydroxylation step of R1R2C(OH)2 giving R1R2C=OH+ and (C6F5)3B-H-, and final H- transfer producing the respective alcohol R1R2CHOH. A B(C6F5)3-catalyzed H2 generation process (Path H0) is determined. Path B2 is the only mechanism for the stepwise method. Using a one-time one-pot feeding method, alkyl/aryl aldehydes, dialkyl ketones, and alkyl aryl ketones (1a-g) can be reduced into alcohols chemoselectively and effectively at room temperature. More than 1 equiv of water over substrates is necessary. Herein, Path C1 is the dominant transfer hydrogenation pathway, and the H2 generation is efficiently inhibited, by the competitive advantage of Path C1 and initial dominant existence of the complexes IM0 and IM1-x. The diaryl ketones (1h,1i) cannot be efficiently reduced into the respective alcohols using the one-time feeding one-pot method. The barriers of C-TS1-h/i are obviously higher than those of C-TS1-a-g, attributed to the electron-donating and space effects of the two aryls on carbonyl C. The possible Paths B2 and C1 of transfer hydrogenation have no competitive advantage with Path H0. The DFT results are consistent with the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing He
- Sichuan
Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Oil Cinnamon and Key Lab of Process
Analysis and Control of Sichuan Universities, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Wen
- Leshan Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Components
of Characteristic
AgroProducts and Leshan West Silicon Materials Photovoltaic and New Energy Industry
Technology research Institute, Leshan Normal
University, Leshan 614000, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanli Nie
- Department
of Material Science, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Faculty of
Materials and Chemical Engineering, Yibin
University, Yibin 644000, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Abstract
Chiral catalysts play a crucial role in the realm of asymmetric catalysis. Since their breakthrough discovery in 2006, chiral frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have risen as a novel catalyst category for a broad range of metal-free asymmetric reactions. This review provides an overview of the remarkable progress made in this field over the past 15 years. The design and synthesis of chiral FLPs and their applications in hydrogenation, hydrosilylation, transfer hydrogenation, and various other reactions are summarized and highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqing Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Nath S, Yadav E, Raghuvanshi A, Singh AK. Ru(II) Complexes with Protic- and Anionic-Naked-NHC Ligands for Cooperative Activation of Small Molecules. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301971. [PMID: 37377294 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
A set of ruthenium(II)-protic-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes, [Ru(NNCH )(PPh3 )2 (X)]Cl (1, X=Cl and 2, X=H) and their deprotonated forms [Ru(NNC)(PPh3 )2 (X)] (1', X=Cl and 2', X=H), in which NNC is a new unsymmetrical pincer ligand, are reported. The four complexes are interconvertible by simple acid-base chemistry. The combined theoretical and spectroscopic investigations indicate charge segregation in anionic-NHC complexes (1' and 2') and can be described from a Lewis pair perspective. The chemical reactivity of deprotonated complex 1' shows cooperative small molecule activation. Complex 1' activates H-H bond of hydrogen, C(sp3 )-I bond of iodomethane, and C(sp)-H bond of phenylacetylene. The activation of CO2 using anionic NHC complex 1' at moderate temperature and ambient pressure and subsequent conversion to formate is also described. All the new compounds have been characterized using ESI-MS, 1 H, 13 C, and 31 P NMR spectroscopy. Molecular structures of 1, 2, and 2' have also been determined with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The cooperative small molecule activation perspective broadens the scope of potential applications of anionic-NHC complexes in small molecule activation, including the conversion of carbon dioxide to formate, a much sought after reaction in the renewable energy and sustainable development domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhu Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Ekta Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Abhinav Raghuvanshi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Amrendra K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
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7
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Wang SJ, Wang L, Tang XY. Synergistic effect of hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions of B(C 6F 5) 3·H 2O/amides complex: Application in photoredox catalysis. iScience 2023; 26:106528. [PMID: 37128550 PMCID: PMC10148046 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
B(C6F5)3·H2O has been long recognized as a common Brønsted acid. The lack of X-ray crystal structure of B(C6F5)3·H2O with other substrates has greatly limited the development of a new catalytic mode. In this work, a complex of B(C6F5)3·H2O and amide 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one with hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions is characterized by X-ray diffraction. Such noncovalent interactions in solution also exist, as verified by NMR, UV-Vis absorption, and fluorescence emission measurements. Moreover, the mixture of amide 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one and B(C6F5)3·H2O, instead of other tested Brønsted acids, shows a tailing absorption band in the visible light region (400-450 nm). Based on the photoactive properties of the complex, a photoredox catalysis is developed to construct α-aminoamides under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica and Semiconductor Chemistry Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica and Semiconductor Chemistry Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica and Semiconductor Chemistry Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Corresponding author
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8
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Huang J, Wang L, Tang XY. Oxidative cross-coupling of quinoxalinones with indoles enabled by acidochromism. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2709-2714. [PMID: 36928912 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00280b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
An oxidative cross-coupling of quinoxalinones with indole derivatives via B(C6F5)3·H2O induced acidochromism of quinoxalinone derivatives was developed under mild and external photocatalyst-free conditions. The reaction shows excellent substrate scope, accommodating a wide range of functional groups. The usefulness of this strategy was demonstrated by the synthesis of the natural products Azacephalandole A and Cephalandole A in high yields. Moreover, the products are fluorophores showing prevalent fluorescence properties with a wide emission range and good relative quantum yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Semiconductor Chemistry Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Semiconductor Chemistry Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Semiconductor Chemistry Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Xu H, Song X, Chen M, Bai W, Ji M. Rigid Confined Space in Frustrated Lewis Pair/MOF Catalyst: Highly Regioselective Hydrogenation Performance for α, β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds. J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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10
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Triphenylborane in Metal-Free Catalysis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031340. [PMID: 36771006 PMCID: PMC9920172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and application of new organoboron reagents as Lewis acids in synthesis and metal-free catalysis have dramatically expanded over the past 20 years. In this context, we will show the recent uses of the simple and relatively weak Lewis acid BPh3-discovered 100 years ago-as a metal-free catalyst for various organic transformations. The first part will highlight catalytic applications in polymer synthesis such as the copolymerization of epoxides with CO2, isocyanate, and organic anhydrides to various polycarbonate copolymers and controlled diblock copolymers as well as alternating polyurethanes. This is followed by a discussion of BPh3 as a Lewis acid component in the frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) mediated cleavage of hydrogen and hydrogenation catalysis. In addition, BPh3-catalyzed reductive N-methylations and C-methylations with CO2 and silane to value-added organic products will be covered as well along with BPh3-catalyzed cycloadditions and insertion reactions. Collectively, this mini-review showcases the underexplored potential of commercially available BPh3 in metal-free catalysis.
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11
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Paparakis A, Turnell-Ritson RC, Sapsford JS, Ashley AE, Hulla M. Tin-catalyzed reductive coupling of amines with CO 2 and H 2. Catal Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01659a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tin-based FLPs catalyze reductive coupling reactions of amines with CO2 and H2. Water produced by the reaction is well tolerated and TONs up to 300 can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Paparakis
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 128 00, Czech Republic
| | | | - Joshua S. Sapsford
- Department of Chemistry, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Andrew E. Ashley
- Department of Chemistry, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Martin Hulla
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 128 00, Czech Republic
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12
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Sorochkina K, Chernichenko K, Zhivonitko VV, Nieger M, Repo T. Water Reduction and Dihydrogen Addition in Aqueous Conditions With ansa-Phosphinoborane. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201927. [PMID: 35861909 PMCID: PMC9804508 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ortho-phenylene-bridged phosphinoborane (2,6-Cl2 Ph)2 B-C6 H4 -PCy2 1 was synthesized in three steps from commercially available starting materials. 1 reacts with H2 or H2 O under mild conditions to form corresponding zwitterionic phosphonium borates 1-H2 or 1-H2 O. NMR studies revealed both reactions to be remarkably reversible. Thus, when exposed to H2 , 1-H2 O partially converts to 1-H2 even in the presence of multiple equivalents of water in the solution. The addition of parahydrogen to 1 leads to nuclear spin hyperpolarization both in dry and hydrous solvents, confirming the dissociation of 1-H2 O to free 1. These observations were supported by computational studies indicating that the formation of 1-H2 and 1-H2 O from 1 are thermodynamically favored. Unexpectedly, 1-H2 O can release molecular hydrogen to form phosphine oxide 1-O. Kinetic, mechanistic, and computational (DFT) studies were used to elucidate the unique "umpolung" water reduction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sorochkina
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 100014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Konstantin Chernichenko
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 100014HelsinkiFinland,Chemical Process Research and Development Janssen PharmaceuticaTurnhoutseweg 302340BeerseBelgium
| | | | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 100014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Timo Repo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 100014HelsinkiFinland
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13
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Reactivity and Stability of a Ring-Expanded N-Heterocyclic Carbene Copper(I) Boryl Imidinate. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10090135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have evolved from a revolutionary concept to widely applied catalysts. We recently reported the ring-expanded N-heterocyclic carbene supported copper(I) boryliminomethanide, (6-Dipp)CuC(=NtBu)Bpin and noted it reacted with heterocumulenes in a fashion reminiscent of FLPs. We thus set out to explore its reactivity with a range of other substrates known to react with FLPs. This was undertaken by a series of synthetic studies using NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray crystallography. (6-Dipp)CuC(=NtBu)Bpin was investigated for its reactivity towards water, hydrogen, and phenylacetylene. Its solution stability was also explored. Upon heating, (6-Dipp)CuC(=NtBu)Bpin decomposed to (6-Dipp)CuCN, which was characterised by SC-XRD and NMR spectroscopy, and pinBtBu. Although no reaction was observed with hydrogen, (6-Dipp)CuC(=NtBu)Bpin reacted with water to form (6-Dipp)CuC(=N(H)tBu)B(OH)pin, which was structurally characterised. In contrast to its FLP-reminiscent heterolytic cleavage reactivity towards water, (6-Dipp)CuC(=NtBu)Bpin acted as a Brønsted base towards phenyl acetylene generating (6-Dipp)CuCCPh, which was characterised by SC-XRD, IR, and NMR spectroscopy, and HC(=NtBu)Bpin
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14
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Frustrated Lewis pairs in situ formation in B-based porous aromatic frameworks for efficient o-phenylenediamine cyclization. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Sarkar P, Das S, Pati SK. Recent Advances in Group 14 and 15 Lewis Acids for Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200148. [PMID: 35320614 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) which rely on the cooperative action of Lewis acids and Lewis bases, played a prominent role in the advancement of main-group catalysis. While the early days of FLP chemistry witnessed the dominance of boranes, there is a growing body of reports on alternative Lewis acids derived from groups 14 and 15. This short review focuses on the discovery of such non-boron candidates reported since 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Sarkar
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Theoretical Sciences Unit, INDIA
| | - Shubhajit Das
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, New Chemstry Unit, INDIA
| | - Swapan K Pati
- JNCASR, Theoretical Sciences Unit and New Chemistry Unit, Jakkur Campus, 560064, Bangalore, INDIA
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16
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Li Z, Zhang H, Tan T, Lei M. The mechanism of direct reductive amination of aldehyde and amine with formic acid catalyzed by boron trifluoride complexes: insights from a DFT study. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00967f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A volcano diagram of BF3 catalytic species and their activities was proposed for the DRA of aldehyde and amine with formic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Huili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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17
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Sarkar P, Das S, Pati SK. Investigating Tetrel-Based Neutral Frustrated Lewis Pairs for Hydrogen Activation. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15180-15189. [PMID: 34590831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetrel Lewis acids are a prospective alternative to commonly employed neutral boranes in frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry. While cationic tetrylium Lewis acids, being isolobal and iso(valence)electronic, are a natural replacement to boranes, neutral tetrel Lewis acids allude as less trivial options due to the absence of a formally empty p orbital on the acceptor atom. Recently, a series of intramolecular geminal FLPs (C2F5)3E-CH2-P(tBu)2 (E = Si, Ge, Sn) featuring neutral tetrel atoms as acceptor sites has been reported for activation of small molecules including H2. In this work, through density functional theory computations, we elucidate the general mechanistic picture of H2 activation by this family of FLPs. Our findings reveal that the acceptor atom derives the required Lewis acidity utilizing the antibonding orbitals of its adjacent bonds with the individual contributions depending on the identity of the acceptor and the donor atoms. By varying the identity of the Lewis acid and Lewis base sites and attached substituents, we unravel their interplay on the energetics of the H2 activation. We find that switching the donor site from P to N significantly affects the synchronous nature of the bond breaking/formations along the reaction pathway, and as a result, N-bearing FLPs have a more favorable H2 activation profile than those with P. Our results are quantitatively discussed in detail within the framework of the activation-strain model of reactivity along with the energy-decomposition analysis method. Finally, the reductive elimination decomposition route pertinent to the plausible extension of the H2 activation to catalytic hydrogenation by these FLPs is also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Sarkar
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Shubhajit Das
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Swapan K Pati
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
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18
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Wang G, Su X, Gao L, Liu X, Li G, Li S. Borane-catalyzed selective dihydrosilylation of terminal alkynes: reaction development and mechanistic insight. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10883-10892. [PMID: 34476068 PMCID: PMC8372554 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02769g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe simple B(C6F5)3-catalyzed mono- and dihydrosilylation reactions of terminal alkynes by using a silane-tuned chemoselectivity strategy, affording vinylsilanes and unsymmetrical geminal bis(silanes). This strategy is applicable to the dihydrosilylation of both aliphatic and aryl terminal alkynes with different silane combinations. Gram-scale synthesis and conducting the reaction without the exclusion of air and moisture demonstrate the practicality of this methodology. The synthetic utility of the resulting products was further highlighted by the structural diversification of geminal bis(silanes) through transforming the secondary silane into other silyl groups. Comprehensive theoretical calculations combined with kinetical isotope labeling studies have shown that a prominent kinetic differentiation between the hydrosilylation of alkynes and vinylsilane is responsible for the chemoselective construction of unsymmetrical 1,1-bis(silanes). A B(C6F5)3/silane-based system enables the chemoselective dihydrosilylation of terminal alkynes. Using a combination of different types of hydrosilanes, a series of unsymmetrical or symmetrical 1,1-bis(silanes) could be constructed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiaoshi Su
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Liuzhou Gao
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Guoao Li
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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19
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Parida R, Inostroza Rivera R, Sinha S, Giri S. Can Superhalogen Ligand Make More Reactive Frustrated Lewis Pairs? ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Parida
- School of Applied Science and Humanities Haldia Institute of Technology Haldia 721657 India
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Rourkela Odisha 769008 India
| | - Ricardo Inostroza Rivera
- Departmento de Quimica Organica Facultad de Química y de Farmacia Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Macul 7820436 Santiago Chile
| | - Swapan Sinha
- School of Applied Science and Humanities Haldia Institute of Technology Haldia 721657 India
| | - Santanab Giri
- School of Applied Science and Humanities Haldia Institute of Technology Haldia 721657 India
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20
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Heshmat M. Lewis Acidity of Carbon in Activated Carbonyl Group vs. B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 for Metal-Free Catalysis of Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1535-1542. [PMID: 33655637 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, using DFT calculations, we investigated Lewis acidities of carbon (in activated carbonyl group) in comparison to the B(C6 F5 )3 in combination with dioxane as the Lewis base (LB) for metal-free catalysis of heterolytic H2 splitting and hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds. We found that in case of carbon as the Lewis acid (LA) the reaction is controlled by frontier molecular orbital interactions between the H2 and LA-LB fragments at shorter distances. The steric effects can be reduced by electrophilic substitutions on the carbonyl carbon. Synergic combination between stronger orbital interactions and reduced steric effects can lower the barrier of the H2 splitting below 10 kcal/mol. With the B(C6 F5 )3 , the H2 splitting is controlled by electrostatic interactions, which cause to form an early transition state. An advantage of employing Lewis acidity of the activated carbonyl carbon for hydrogenation is that the hydride-type attack and hydrogenation of the C=O bond occur in a single step throughout H2 splitting. Hence, stronger Lewis acidity of the C(C=O) reinforces hydrogenation without prohibition of the hydride delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Heshmat
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The, Netherlands
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21
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Li Y, Pang J, Lou J, Sun W, Liu J, Wu B. Chemo‐ and Site‐Selective Fischer Esterification Catalyzed by B(C
6
F
5
)
3. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Lan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Jin‐Yu Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Ji‐Cong Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Wu Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Ji‐Kai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
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22
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Wu R, Gao K. B(C 6F 5) 3-catalyzed tandem protonation/deuteration and reduction of in situ-formed enamines. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4032-4036. [PMID: 33871498 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00316j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient B(C6F5)3-catalyzed tandem protonation/deuteration and reduction of in situ-formed enamines in the presence of water and pinacolborane was developed. Regioselective β-deuteration of tertiary amines was achieved with high chemo- and regioselectivity. D2O was used as a readily available and cheap source of deuterium. Mechanistic studies indicated that B(C6F5)3 could activate water to promote the protonation and reduction of enamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongpei Wu
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Ke Gao
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.
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23
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Zhang GM, Zhang H, Wang B, Wang JY. Boron-catalyzed dehydrative allylation of 1,3-diketones and β-ketone esters with 1,3-diarylallyl alcohols in water. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17025-17031. [PMID: 35479693 PMCID: PMC9031380 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01922h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A metal-free catalytic allylation with atom economy and green environment friendly was developed. Allylic alcohols could be directly dehydrated in water by B(C6F5)3, without using any base additives. The reaction can afford the corresponding monoallylated product in moderate to high yield and has been performed on a gram-scale, and a quaternary carbon center can be constructed for the active methine compounds of 1,3-diketones or β-ketone esters in this process. The product can be further converted, such as the synthesis of tetra-substituted pyrazole compounds, or 1,4-dienes and functionalized dihydropyrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Min Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Bei Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Ji-Yu Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
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24
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Das S, Pati SK. Computational Exploration of Intramolecular Sn/N Frustrated Lewis Pairs for Hydrogen Activation and Catalytic Hydrogenation. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Das
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Swapan K. Pati
- Theoretical Sciences Unit and New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
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25
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He Y, Nie W, Xue Y, Hu Q. Mechanistic insight into B(C 6F 5) 3 catalyzed imine reduction with PhSiH 3 under stoichiometric water conditions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20961-20969. [PMID: 35479343 PMCID: PMC9034009 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02399c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A DFT and experimental study on the mechanism of B(C6F5)3 catalyzed imine reduction is performed using PhSiH3 as reductant under stoichiometric water conditions. Ingleson’s path B is reconfirmed here. And four novel (C6F5)3B–OH2 induced pathways (paths C2, C3, D2 and D3) entirely different from all the previous mechanisms were determined for the first time. They are all B(C6F5)3 and water/amine catalyzed cycles, in which the nucleophilic water or amine catalyzed addition step between PhSiH3 and the N-silicon amine cation is the rate-determining step of paths C2/D2 and C3/D3 with activation Gibbs free energy barriers of 23.9 and 18.3 kcal mol−1 in chloroform, respectively, while the final desilylation of the N-silicon amine cation depends on an important intermediate, (C6F5)3B–OH−. The competitive behavior of the 5 paths can explain the experimental facts perfectly; if all the reactants and catalysts are added into the system simultaneously, water amount and nucleophiles (excess water and produced/added amine) provide on–off selectivity of the pathways and products. 1 eq. water leads to quick formation of (C6F5)3B–OH−, leading to B-II being turned off, and nucleophiles like excess water and produced/added amine switch on CD-II, leading to production of the amine. B-I′ of Ingleson’s path B is the only mechanism for anhydrous systems, giving N-silicon amine production only; B-I and C-I are competitive paths for systems with no more than 1 eq. water, producing the N-silicon amine and the [PhHC
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
NHPh]+[(C6F5)3B–OH]− ion pair; and paths C2, C3, D2 and D3 are competitive for systems with 1 eq. water and nucleophiles like excess water or added/produced amine, directly giving amination products. Hydrosilylation or amination products? It depends on water amount and nucleophiles like excess water or produced/added amines.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing He
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Computational Physics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yibin University
- Sichuan 64400
- China
| | - Wanli Nie
- Natural Products and Small Molecule Catalysis Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Leshan Normal University
- Sichuan 614000
- China
| | - Ying Xue
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Qishan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University of Arts and Science
- Sichuan 635000
- China
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26
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Shao Y, Huang M, Gu F, Zhao C, Qu LB, Ke Z. Diazadiborinine as an ambiphilic catalyst for metal-free hydrogenation: a computational study on the structural design and reaction mechanism. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01510e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity and mechanism of hydrogenation by a metal-free ambiphilic catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxiang Shao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- PCFM Lab
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Ming Huang
- School of Clinical Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Fenglong Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of the Environment
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Cunyuan Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- PCFM Lab
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- PCFM Lab
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
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27
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Hamza A, Sorochkina K, Kótai B, Chernichenko K, Berta D, Bolte M, Nieger M, Repo T, Pápai I. Origin of Stereoselectivity in FLP-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Imines. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hamza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristina Sorochkina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bianka Kótai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Konstantin Chernichenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dénes Berta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Repo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Imre Pápai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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28
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Meng Q, Huang Y, Deng D, Yang Y, Sha H, Zou X, Faller R, Yuan Y, Zhu G. Porous Aromatic Framework Nanosheets Anchored with Lewis Pairs for Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000067. [PMID: 33240750 PMCID: PMC7675047 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lewis pairs (LPs) with outstanding performance for nonmetal-mediated catalysis reactions have high fundamental interest and remarkable application prospects. However, their solubility characteristics lead to instability and deactivation upon recycling. Here, the layered porous aromatic framework (PAF-6), featuring two kinds of Lewis base sites (NPiperazine and NTriazine), is exfoliated into few-layer nanosheets to form the LP entity with the Lewis acid. After comparison with various porous networks and verification by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the NTriazine atom in the specific spatial environment is determined to preferably coordinate with the electron-deficient boron compound in a sterically hindered pattern. LP-bare porous product displays high catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of both olefin and imine compounds, and demonstrates ≈100% activity after 10 successful cycles in hydrogenation reactions. Considering the natural advantage of porous organic frameworks to construct LP groups opens up novel prospects for preparing other nonmetallic heterogeneous catalysts for efficient and recyclable catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityRenmin AvenueChangchun130024China
| | - Yihan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Dan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityRenmin AvenueChangchun130024China
| | - Yajie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityRenmin AvenueChangchun130024China
| | - Haoyan Sha
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Xiaoqin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityRenmin AvenueChangchun130024China
| | - Roland Faller
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Ye Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityRenmin AvenueChangchun130024China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityRenmin AvenueChangchun130024China
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29
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Chen Y, Wan HL, Huang Y, Liu S, Wang F, Lu C, Nie J, Chen Z, Yang G, Ma C. B(C6F5)3-Catalyzed β-Functionalization of Pyrrolidines Using Isatins via Borrowing Hydrogen: Divergent Access to Substituted Pyrrolidines and Pyrroles. Org Lett 2020; 22:7797-7803. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Lun Wan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi’an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Song Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Feiyi Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Cuifen Lu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Junqi Nie
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Zuxing Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Guichun Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
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30
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Sapsford JS, Csókás D, Scott DJ, Turnell-Ritson RC, Piascik AD, Pápai I, Ashley AE. Establishing the Role of Triflate Anions in H 2 Activation by a Cationic Triorganotin(IV) Lewis Acid. ACS Catal 2020; 10:7573-7583. [PMID: 32905389 PMCID: PMC7469243 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cationic
Lewis acids (LAs) are gaining interest as targets for
frustrated Lewis pair (FLP)-mediated catalysis. Unlike neutral boranes,
which are the most prevalent LAs for FLP hydrogenations, the Lewis
acidity of cations can be tuned through modulation of the counteranion;
however, detailed studies on such anion effects are currently lacking
in the literature. Herein, we present experimental and computational
studies which probe the mechanism of H2 activation using iPr3SnOTf (1-OTf) in conjunction
with a coordinating (quinuclidine; qui) and noncoordinating (2,4,6-collidine;
col) base and compare its reactivity with {iPr3Sn·base}{Al[OC(CF3)3]4} (base = qui/col) systems which lack a coordinating anion to investigate
the active species responsible for H2 activation and hence
resolve any mechanistic roles for OTf– in the iPr3SnOTf-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S. Sapsford
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Dániel Csókás
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Daniel J. Scott
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93051, Germany
| | - Roland C. Turnell-Ritson
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Adam D. Piascik
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Imre Pápai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Andrew E. Ashley
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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31
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Rabanzo-Castillo KM, Kumar VB, Söhnel T, Leitao EM. Catalytic Synthesis of Oligosiloxanes Mediated by an Air Stable Catalyst, (C 6F 5) 3B(OH 2). Front Chem 2020; 8:477. [PMID: 32656180 PMCID: PMC7325218 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The utility of (C6F5)3B(OH2) as catalyst for the simple and environmentally benign synthesis of oligosiloxanes directly from hydrosilanes, is reported. This protocol offers several advantages compared to other methods of synthesizing siloxanes, such as mild reaction conditions, low catalyst loading, and a short reaction time with high yields and purity. The considerable H2O-tolerance of (C6F5)3B(OH2) promoted a catalytic route to disiloxanes which showed >99% conversion of three tertiary silanes, Et3SiH, PhMe2SiH, and Ph3SiH. Preliminary data on the synthesis of unsymmetrical disiloxanes (Si-O-Si') suggests that by modifying the reaction conditions and/or using a 1:1 combination of silane to silanol the cross-product can be favored. Intramolecular reactions of disilyl compounds with catalytic (C6F5)3B(OH2) led to the formation of novel bridged siloxanes, containing a Si-O-Si linkage within a cyclic structure, as the major product. Moreover, the reaction conditions enabled recovery and recycling of the catalyst. The catalyst was re-used 5 times and demonstrated excellent conversion for each substrate at 1.0 mol% catalyst loading. This seemingly simple reaction has a rather complicated mechanism. With the hydrosilane (R3SiH) as the sole starting material, the fate of the reaction largely depends on the creation of silanol (R3SiOH) from R3SiH as these two undergo dehydrocoupling to yield a disiloxane product. Generation of the silanol is based on a modified Piers-Rubinsztajn reaction. Once the silanol has been produced, the mechanism involves a series of competitive reactions with multiple catalytically relevant species involving water, silane, and silanol interacting with the Lewis acid and the favored reaction cycle depends on the concentration of various species in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel M Rabanzo-Castillo
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vipin B Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Erin M Leitao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Auckland, New Zealand
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32
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Huang Z, Wang S, Dewhurst RD, Ignat'ev NV, Finze M, Braunschweig H. Boron: Its Role in Energy-Related Processes and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8800-8816. [PMID: 31625661 PMCID: PMC7317435 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Boron's unique position in the Periodic Table, that is, at the apex of the line separating metals and nonmetals, makes it highly versatile in chemical reactions and applications. Contemporary demand for renewable and clean energy as well as energy-efficient products has seen boron playing key roles in energy-related research, such as 1) activating and synthesizing energy-rich small molecules, 2) storing chemical and electrical energy, and 3) converting electrical energy into light. These applications are fundamentally associated with boron's unique characteristics, such as its electron-deficiency and the availability of an unoccupied p orbital, which allow the formation of a myriad of compounds with a wide range of chemical and physical properties. For example, boron's ability to achieve a full octet of electrons with four covalent bonds and a negative charge has led to the synthesis of a wide variety of borate anions of high chemical and electrochemical stability-in particular, weakly coordinating anions. This Review summarizes recent advances in the study of boron compounds for energy-related processes and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Huang
- School of Civil & Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Technology Sydney81 BroadwayUltimoNSW2007Australia
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of ChemistryQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Nikolai V. Ignat'ev
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Merck KGaA64293DarmstadtGermany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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33
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Huang Z, Wang S, Dewhurst RD, Ignat'ev NV, Finze M, Braunschweig H. Bor in energiebezogenen Prozessen und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Huang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney 81 Broadway Ultimo NSW 2007 Australien
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of Chemistry Queen's University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Kanada
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Nikolai V. Ignat'ev
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Merck KGaA 64293 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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34
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Gao B, Feng X, Meng W, Du H. Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones and Enones with Chiral Lewis Base Derived Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4498-4504. [PMID: 31863715 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The concept of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) has been widely applied in various research areas, and metal-free hydrogenation undoubtedly belongs to the most significant and successful ones. In the past decade, great efforts have been devoted to the synthesis of chiral boron Lewis acids. In a sharp contrast, chiral Lewis base derived FLPs have rarely been disclosed for the asymmetric hydrogenation. In this work, a novel type of chiral FLP was developed by simple combination of chiral oxazoline Lewis bases with achiral boron Lewis acids, thus providing a promising new direction for the development of chiral FLPs in the future. These chiral FLPs proved to be highly effective for the asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones, enones, and chromones, giving the corresponding products in high yields with up to 95 % ee. Mechanistic studies suggest that the hydrogen transfer to simple ketones likely proceeds in a concerted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangqing Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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35
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Gao B, Feng X, Meng W, Du H. Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones and Enones with Chiral Lewis Base Derived Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and FunctionCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiangqing Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and FunctionCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and FunctionCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and FunctionCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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36
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Yang K, Lou Y, Wang C, Qi L, Fang T, Zhang F, Xu H, Zhou L, Li W, Zhang G, Yu P, Song Q. Chiral Brønsted Acid from Chiral Phosphoric Acid Boron Complex and Water: Asymmetric Reduction of Indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3294-3299. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function DiscoveryFujian Province UniversityCollege of Chemistry at Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Yixian Lou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 P. R. China
| | - Chenglan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 P. R. China
| | - Liang‐Wen Qi
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Tongchang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function DiscoveryFujian Province UniversityCollege of Chemistry at Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function DiscoveryFujian Province UniversityCollege of Chemistry at Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Hetao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function DiscoveryFujian Province UniversityCollege of Chemistry at Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function DiscoveryFujian Province UniversityCollege of Chemistry at Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Wangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function DiscoveryFujian Province UniversityCollege of Chemistry at Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Guan Zhang
- Institute of Next Generation Matter TransformationCollege of Materials Science Engineering at Huaqiao University 668 Jimei Boulevard Xiamen Fujian 361021 China
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function DiscoveryFujian Province UniversityCollege of Chemistry at Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 P. R. China
- Institute of Next Generation Matter TransformationCollege of Materials Science Engineering at Huaqiao University 668 Jimei Boulevard Xiamen Fujian 361021 China
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37
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Yang K, Lou Y, Wang C, Qi L, Fang T, Zhang F, Xu H, Zhou L, Li W, Zhang G, Yu P, Song Q. Chiral Brønsted Acid from Chiral Phosphoric Acid Boron Complex and Water: Asymmetric Reduction of Indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery Fujian Province University College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Yixian Lou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 P. R. China
| | - Chenglan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 P. R. China
| | - Liang‐Wen Qi
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Tongchang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery Fujian Province University College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery Fujian Province University College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Hetao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery Fujian Province University College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery Fujian Province University College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Wangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery Fujian Province University College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
| | - Guan Zhang
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation College of Materials Science Engineering at Huaqiao University 668 Jimei Boulevard Xiamen Fujian 361021 China
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery Fujian Province University College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 P. R. China
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation College of Materials Science Engineering at Huaqiao University 668 Jimei Boulevard Xiamen Fujian 361021 China
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38
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Dong Y, Zhang H, Yang J, He S, Shi ZC, Zhang XM, Wang JY. B(C 6F 5) 3-Catalyzed C-C Coupling of 1,4-Naphthoquinones with the C-3 Position of Indole Derivatives in Water. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21567-21577. [PMID: 31867553 PMCID: PMC6921613 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An atom-economical and environmentally benign approach for the synthesis of indole-substituted 1,4-naphthoquinones from indoles and 1,4-naphthoquinones using readily available Lewis acidic B(C6F5)3 in water and with the recycling of water and part of the catalyst is reported. The reaction proceeded through the B(C6F5)3-catalyzed C(sp2)-H and C(sp2)-H bond coupling of 1,4-naphthoquinones with the C-3 position of indole derivatives in water. This methodology provides a facile protocol for the synthesis of some new indole-substituted 1,4-naphthoquinones in satisfactory yields and with a broad substrate scope. When compared to known methods for the synthesis of indole-substituted 1,4-naphthoquinones, this protocol is practical and efficient and does not require a transition-metal catalyst or toxic organic solvents. In addition, we utilized a simple filtration process for complete recycling of the solvent and the part of the catalyst in each reaction cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- Chengdu
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Chengdu
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Chengdu
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuai He
- Southwest
Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Chuan Shi
- Southwest
Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- Chengdu
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Yu Wang
- Chengdu
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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39
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Carmona M, Ferrer J, Rodríguez R, Passarelli V, Lahoz FJ, García-Orduña P, Cañadillas-Delgado L, Carmona D. Reversible Activation of Water by an Air- and Moisture-Stable Frustrated Rhodium Nitrogen Lewis Pair. Chemistry 2019; 25:13665-13670. [PMID: 31353749 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
[Cp*Rh(κ3 N,N',P-L)][SbF6 ] (Cp*=C5 Me5 ), bearing a guanidine-derived phosphano ligand L, behaves as a "dormant" frustrated Lewis pair and activates H2 and H2 O in a reversible manner. When D2 O is employed, a facile H/D exchange at the Cp* ring takes place through sequential C(sp3 )-H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmona
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquina Ferrer
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Passarelli
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Ctra. Huesca s/n, 50090, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando J Lahoz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Orduña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Cañadillas-Delgado
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Ctra. Huesca s/n, 50090, Zaragoza, Spain.,Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38042, France
| | - Daniel Carmona
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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40
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Daru J, Bakó I, Stirling A, Pápai I. Mechanism of Heterolytic Hydrogen Splitting by Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Comparison of Static and Dynamic Models. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- János Daru
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Imre Bakó
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - András Stirling
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Imre Pápai
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
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41
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Shyshkanov S, Nguyen TN, Ebrahim FM, Stylianou KC, Dyson PJ. In Situ Formation of Frustrated Lewis Pairs in a Water-Tolerant Metal-Organic Framework for the Transformation of CO 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5371-5375. [PMID: 30758885 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) consist of sterically hindered Lewis acids and Lewis bases, which provide high catalytic activity towards non-metal-mediated activation of "inert" small molecules, including CO2 among others. One critical issue of homogeneous FLPs, however, is their instability upon recycling, leading to catalytic deactivation. Herein, we provide a solution to this issue by incorporating a bulky Lewis acid-functionalized ligand into a water-tolerant metal-organic framework (MOF), named SION-105, and employing Lewis basic diamine substrates for the in situ formation of FLPs within the MOF. Using CO2 as a C1-feedstock, this combination allows for the efficient transformation of a variety of diamine substrates into benzimidazoles. SION-105 can be easily recycled by washing with MeOH and reused multiple times without losing its identity and catalytic activity, highlighting the advantage of the MOF approach in FLP chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Shyshkanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais), Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1951, Sion, Switzerland.,Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tu N Nguyen
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais), Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1951, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Fatmah Mish Ebrahim
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais), Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1951, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Kyriakos C Stylianou
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais), Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1951, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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42
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Shyshkanov S, Nguyen TN, Ebrahim FM, Stylianou KC, Dyson PJ. In Situ Formation of Frustrated Lewis Pairs in a Water‐Tolerant Metal‐Organic Framework for the Transformation of CO
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Shyshkanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO)Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais) Rue de l'Industrie 17 1951 Sion Switzerland
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Tu N. Nguyen
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO)Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais) Rue de l'Industrie 17 1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Fatmah Mish Ebrahim
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO)Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais) Rue de l'Industrie 17 1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Kyriakos C. Stylianou
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO)Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais) Rue de l'Industrie 17 1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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43
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Bentley JN, Caputo CB. Substituent effects on the Lewis acidity of 4,6-di-tert-butylchatechol boronate esters. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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44
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Lam J, Szkop KM, Mosaferi E, Stephan DW. FLP catalysis: main group hydrogenations of organic unsaturated substrates. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3592-3612. [PMID: 30178796 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00277k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This article is focused on recent developments in main group mediated hydrogenation chemistry and catalysis using "frustrated Lewis pairs" (FLPs). The broading range of substrates and catalyst systems is reviewed and the advances in catalytic reductions and the development of stereoselective, asymmetric reductions made since 2012 is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolie Lam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S3H6, Canada.
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45
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Vasko P, Fuentes MÁ, Hicks J, Aldridge S. Reversible O–H bond activation by an intramolecular frustrated Lewis pair. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2896-2899. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00228f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of the O–H bonds in alcohols, water and phenol with dimethylxanthene-derived frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have been probed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Vasko
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - M. Ángeles Fuentes
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
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46
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Li R, Chen Y, Jiang K, Wang F, Lu C, Nie J, Chen Z, Yang G, Chen YC, Zhao Y, Ma C. B(C6F5)3-Catalyzed redox-neutral β-alkylation of tertiary amines using p-quinone methides via borrowing hydrogen. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1217-1220. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09215j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A transition metal-free intermolecular redox-neutral β-alkylation of acyclic tertiary amines via borrowing hydrogen catalyzed by commercially available B(C6F5)3 was achieved.
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47
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Chen H, Yan L, Wei H. Mechanism of Boron-Catalyzed N-Alkylation of Primary and Secondary Arylamines with Ketones Using Silanes under “Wet” Conditions. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongcai Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for NSLSCS, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Lina Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for NSLSCS, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for NSLSCS, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
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48
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Heshmat M, Privalov T. Water and a Borohydride/Hydronium Intermediate in the Borane-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds with H 2 in Wet Ether: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8952-8962. [PMID: 30169037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b07506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have computationally evaluated water as an active Lewis base (LB) and introduced the borohydride/hydronium intermediate in the mechanism of B(C6F5)3-catalyzed hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds with H2 in wet/moist ether. Our calculations extend the known frustrated Lewis pair mechanism of this reaction toward the inclusion of water as the active participant in all steps. Although the definition of the zero-energy point interweaves in comparison of the scenarios with and without water, we will be able to show that (i) water (hydrogen bonded to its molecular environment) can, in principle, act as a reasonably viable LB in cooperation with the borane Lewis acid such as B(C6F5)3 but relatively a strong borane-water complexation can be the hindering factor; (ii) the herein-proposed borohydride/hydronium intermediates with the hydronium cation having three OH···ether hydrogen bonds or a combination of the OH···ether/OH···ketone hydrogen bonds appear to be as valid as the previously considered borohydride/oxonium or borohydride/oxocarbenium intermediates; (iii) the proton-coupled hydride transfer from the borohydride/hydronium to a ketone (acetone) has a reasonably low barrier. Our findings could be useful for better mechanistic understanding and further development of the aforementioned reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Heshmat
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Stockholm University , Stockholm 10691 , Sweden
| | - Timofei Privalov
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Stockholm University , Stockholm 10691 , Sweden
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49
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San HH, Wang SJ, Jiang M, Tang XY. Boron-Catalyzed O-H Bond Insertion of α-Aryl α-Diazoesters in Water. Org Lett 2018; 20:4672-4676. [PMID: 30033730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic, metal-free O-H bond insertion of α-diazoesters in water in the presence of B(C6F5)3· nH2O (2 mol %) was developed, affording a series of α-hydroxyesters in good to excellent yields. The reaction features easy operation and wide substrate scope, and importantly, no metal is needed as compared with the conventional methods. Significantly, this approach further expands the applications of B(C6F5)3 under water-tolerant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htet Htet San
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Jun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
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50
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Heshmat M, Privalov T. Structurally Flexible Oxocarbenium/Borohydride Ion Pair: Dynamics of Hydride Transfer on the Background of Conformational Roaming. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5098-5106. [PMID: 29812938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We apply Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics to the practically significant [dioxane-H(+)-acetone][(C6F5)3B-H(-)] and [Et2O-H(+)-OCPr2][(C6F5)3B-H(-)] ion pair intermediates. Dynamics of hydride transfer in cation/anion ion pair takes place on the background of large-amplitude configurational changes. Geometry of oxocarbenium/borohydride ion pairs is flexible, meaning that we uncover significant actual structural disorder at a finite temperature. Therefore, although the starting structure can be fairly close to the configurational area of the hydride transfer transition state (TS) and despite a low potential energy barrier (ca. 1.5 kcal/mol, according to the literature), already at T ≈ 325 K the system can remain ignorant of the TS region and move round and about ("roam") in the configurational space for a period of time in the range between 10 and 100 ps. This indicates structural flexibility of oxocarbenium/borohydride ion pair on apparently a flat potential energy "landscape" of cation/anion interaction, and this has not been taken into consideration by the free energy estimations in static considerations made thus far. The difference between the dynamics-based representation of the system versus the static representation amounts to the difference between quasi-bimolecular versus unimolecular descriptions of the hydride transfer step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Heshmat
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Stockholm University , Stockholm 10691 , Sweden
| | - Timofei Privalov
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Stockholm University , Stockholm 10691 , Sweden
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