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Ye ZT, Wu ZW, Zhang XX, Zhou J, Yu JS. Organocatalytic enantioselective construction of Si-stereocenters: recent advances and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39091219 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00417e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Silicon-stereogenic chiral organosilanes have found increasing applications in synthetic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and materials science. In this context, various asymmetric catalytic methods have been established for the diverse synthesis of silicon-stereogenic silanes. In particular, asymmetric organocatalysis is emerging as an important and complementary synthetic tool for the enantioselective construction of silicon-stereocenters, along with the rapid development of chiral-metal catalyzed protocols. Its advent provides a powerful platform to achieve functionalized silicon-stereogenic organosilanes with structural diversity, and should lead to great development in chiral organosilicon chemistry. In this Tutorial Review, we highlight these latest achievements from two aspects: desymmetrizations of prochiral tetraorganosilanes and dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformations of racemic organosilanes by employing five organocatalytic activation modes. The advantages, limitations and synthetic value of each protocol, as well as the synthetic opportunities still open for further exploration, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Tian Ye
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Zhong-Wei Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Xue-Xin Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Sheng Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, P. R. China
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2
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Luo Y, Zhao M, Wang Y. Mechanism and Origin of Stereoselectivity of N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Catalyzed Transformation Reaction of Benzaldehyde with o-QDM as Key Intermediate: A DFT Study. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:6190-6198. [PMID: 39024177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-bound ortho-quinodimethane, served as a nucleophile, has occupied an important position for constructing various all-carbon or heterocyclic compounds and attracted increasing attention for the functionalization of benzylic carbon of aromatic aldehydes, whereas the mechanistic studies on the generation and transformations of dienolate intermediate are rare. In the present study, the mechanism of activation/transformation of aldehyde catalyzed by NHC was theoretically studied using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Based on the calculations, the nucleophilic addition process is the stereoselectivity-determining step with RS-configured product being generated preferentially. Furthermore, non-covalent index (NCI) and atoms-in-molecules (AIM) analyses have been performed to disclose the origin of stereoselectivity, by which the larger number and stronger weak interactions are the key for stabilizing the low-energy transition state and thus leading to the stereoselectivity inducing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Luo
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital & Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P. R. China
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3
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Luo Z, Liao M, Li W, Zhao S, Tang K, Zheng P, Chi YR, Zhang X, Wu X. Ionic Hydrogen Bond-Assisted Catalytic Construction of Nitrogen Stereogenic Center via Formal Desymmetrization of Remote Diols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404979. [PMID: 38745374 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The control of noncarbon stereogenic centers is of profound importance owing to their enormous interest in bioactive compounds and chiral catalyst or ligand design for enantioselective synthesis. Despite various elegant approaches have been achieved for construction of S-, P-, Si- and B-stereocenters over the past decades, the catalyst-controlled strategies to govern the formation of N-stereogenic compounds have garnered less attention. Here, we disclose the first organocatalytic approach for efficient access to a wide range of nitrogen-stereogenic compounds through a desymmetrization approach. Intriguingly, the pro-chiral remote diols, which are previously not well addressed with enantiocontrol, are well differentiated by potent chiral carbene-bound acyl azolium intermediates. Preliminary studies shed insights on the critical importance of the ionic hydrogen bond (IHB) formed between the dimer aggregate of diols to afford the chiral N-oxide products that feature a tetrahedral nitrogen as the sole stereogenic element with good yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Notably, the chiral N-oxide products could offer an attractive strategy for chiral ligand design and discovery of potential antibacterial agrochemicals.
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Grants
- National Natural Science Fund for Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program (Overseas)-YQHW
- the starting grant of Guizhou University [(2022)47)]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (21732002, 22061007, 22071036, and 22207022)
- Frontiers Science Center for Asymmetric Synthesis and Medicinal Molecules
- Department of Education, Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province [Qiankehe-jichu-ZK[2022]zhongdian024]
- Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China (111 Program, D20023) at Guizhou University
- Singapore National Research Foundation under its NRF Investigatorship (NRF-NRFI2016-06) and Competitive Research Program (NRF-CRP22-2019-0002)
- Ministry of Education, Singapore, under its MOE AcRF Tier 1 Award (RG7/20, RG70/21), MOE AcRF Tier 2 (MOE2019-T2-2-117)
- a Chair Professorship Grant, and Nanyang Technological University
- (2022)47 starting grant of Guizhou University
- 21732002 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 22061007 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 22071036 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 22207022 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Qiankehe-jichu-ZK[2022]zhongdian024 Department of Education, Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province
- Qiankehejichu-ZK[2024]yiban030 Department of Education, Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province
- NRF-NRFI2016-06 Singapore National Research Foundation under its NRF Investigatorship and Competitive Research Program
- NRF-CRP22-2019-0002 Singapore National Research Foundation under its NRF Investigatorship and Competitive Research Program
- RG7/20, RG70/21 Ministry of Education, Singapore, under its MOE AcRF Tier 1 Award, MOE AcRF Tier 2
- MOE2019-T2-2-117 Ministry of Education, Singapore, under its MOE AcRF Tier 1 Award, MOE AcRF Tier 2
- Chair Professorship Grant, and Nanyang Technological University
- C210812008 Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) under its Career Development Fund
- M22K3c0091 Manufacturing, TradeConnectivity (MTC) Young Individual Research Grants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfu Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Minghong Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Kun Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xinglong Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), A*STAR, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Xingxing Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
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4
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Reyes E, Uria U, Prieto L, Carrillo L, Vicario JL. Organocatalysis as an enabling tool for enantioselective ring-opening reactions of cyclopropanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7288-7298. [PMID: 38938176 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01933d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The rich reactivity profile of cyclopropanes has been extensively explored to trigger new organic transformations that enable unusual disconnective approaches to synthesize molecular motifs that are not easily reached through conventional reactions. In particular, the chemistry of cyclopropanes has received special attention in the last decade, with multiple new approaches that capitalize on the use of organocatalysis for the activation of the cyclopropane scaffold. This situation has also opened the possibility of developing enantioselective variants of many reactions that until now were only carried out in an enantiospecific or diastereoselective manner. Our group has been particularly active in this field, focusing more specifically on the use of aminocatalysis and Brønsted acid catalysis as major organocatalytic activation manifolds to trigger new unprecedented transformations involving cyclopropanes that add to the current toolbox of general methodologies available to organic chemists for the enantioselective synthesis of chiral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraim Reyes
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Uxue Uria
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Liher Prieto
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Luisa Carrillo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Jose L Vicario
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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5
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Barik S, Ranganathappa SS, Biju AT. N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed atroposelective synthesis of N-Aryl phthalimides and maleimides via activation of carboxylic acids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5755. [PMID: 38982037 PMCID: PMC11233592 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, N-aryl phthalimides are synthesized by the condensation of phthalic anhydride and aniline derivatives, usually proceeding under harsh conditions. The alternative mild and organocatalytic strategies for their synthesis are underdeveloped. Herein, we demonstrate the organocatalytic atroposelective synthesis of N-aryl phthalimides via the traditional N-CC=O disconnection under mild conditions. The in-situ acid activation of phthalamic acid and subsequent N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed atroposelective amidation allowed the synthesis of well-decorated N-aryl phthalimides in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. Mechanistic studies reveal the addition of NHC to the in situ generated isoimides, thus introducing a unique mode of generating acylazoliums. Interestingly, both enantiomers of the product can be accessed from the same phthalic anhydride and aniline using the same NHC pre-catalyst. Moreover, this strategy has been extended to the atroposelective synthesis of N-aryl maleimides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Barik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | | | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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6
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Mroczyńska K, Dobrzańska L, Rafiński Z. Enantioselective synthesis of C3-functionalized 2,1-benzothiazine 2,2-dioxides by N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7176-7179. [PMID: 38904356 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01754d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
We present herein an approach for the enantioselective C3-functionalization of 2,1-benzothiazine 2,2-dioxides using N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis. Our method involves a sequence of [3+3] cycloaddition and ring-opening reactions with different N- and O-nucleophiles, followed by silylation. Overcoming the challenge of selectivity targeting the C3 position, this protocol demonstrates a broad substrate scope and high enantioselectivity. This marks a significant advancement in the field of NHC-catalyzed transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Mroczyńska
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Chemistry, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Liliana Dobrzańska
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Chemistry, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Rafiński
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Chemistry, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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7
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Liang YJ, Gao YY, Han HB, Li L, Liu L. Enantioselective synthesis of 4-aryl-3,4-dihydrocoumarins via N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed β-arylation/cyclization of α-bromoenals. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5101-5104. [PMID: 38859801 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00756e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
4-Aryl-3,4-dihydrocoumarins are one of the most important structural motifs. Herein, we disclose an enantioselective N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed β-arylation/cyclization of α-bromoenals with 3-aminophenols under mild conditions. The protocol allows for the rapid preparation of 4-aryl-3,4-dihydrocoumarins in acceptable yields with good enantioselectivities. The products of this reaction could be converted into chiral diarylpropanoic acid derivatives without erosion of the enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Liang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Gao
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China.
| | - Hua-Bo Han
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China.
| | - Lu Li
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China.
| | - Lantao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China.
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8
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Lu F, Su F, Pan S, Wu X, Wu X, Chi YR. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Enabled Functionalization of Inert C(Sp 3)-H Bonds via Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) Processes. Chemistry 2024:e202401811. [PMID: 39092881 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Developing methods to directly transform C(sp3) -H bonds is crucial in synthetic chemistry due to their prevalence in various organic compounds. While conventional protocols have largely relied on transition metal catalysis, recent advancements in organocatalysis, particularly with radical NHC catalysis have sparked interest in the direct functionalization of "inert" C(sp3) -H bonds for cross C-C coupling with carbonyl moieties. This strategy involves selective cleavage of C(sp3) -H bonds to generate key carbon radicals, often achieved via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes. By leveraging the bond dissociation energy (BDE) and polarity effects, HAT enables the rapid functionalization of diverse C(sp3)-H substrates, such as ethers, amines, and alkanes. This mini-review summarizes the progress in carbene organocatalytic functionalization of inert C(sp3)-H bonds enabled by HAT processes, categorizing them into two sections: 1) C-H functionalization involving acyl azolium intermediates; and 2) functionalization of C-H bonds via reductive Breslow intermediates.
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Grants
- U23A20201, 22071036 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 2022YFD1700300 National Key Research and Development Program of China
- (2022)47) National Natural Science Fund for Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program (Overseas)-YQHW, the starting grant of Guizhou University
- [Qiankehejichu-ZK[2024]yiban030 Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province
- 111 Program, D20023 Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China (111 Program, D20023) at Guizhou University
- [Qianjiaohe KY (2020)004] Frontiers Science Center for Asymmetric Synthesis and Medicinal Molecules, Department of Education, Guizhou Province
- MOE AcRF Tier 1 Award (RG84/22, RG70/21), MOE AcRF Tier 2 (MOE-T2EP10222-0006), and MOE AcRF Tier 3 Award (MOE2018-T3-1-003) Ministry of Education, Singapore
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shijie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiuli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xingxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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9
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Ewing PMDA, Majhi PK, Prentice C, Young CM, van Rees K, Arnold PL, Zysman-Colman E, Smith AD. α-Phenylthioaldehydes for the effective generation of acyl azolium and azolium enolate intermediates. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9369-9375. [PMID: 38903219 PMCID: PMC11186317 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06879j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Phenylthioaldehydes are readily prepared using a simple multi-step procedure and herein are introduced as a new precursor for the NHC-catalysed generation of acyl azolium and azolium enolate intermediates that are of widespread synthetic interest and utility. Treatment of α-phenylthioaldehydes with an NHC precatalyst and base produces an efficient redox rearrangement via a Breslow intermediate, elimination of thiophenolate, and subsequent rebound addition to the generated acyl azolium to give the corresponding thiol ester. In the presence of an external alcohol, competition between redox rearrangement and redox esterification can be controlled through judicious choice of the N-aryl substituent within the NHC precatalyst and the base used in the reaction. With NEt3 as base, NHCs bearing electron-withdrawing (N-C6F5 or N-C6H2Cl3) substituents favour redox rearrangement, while triazolium precatalysts with electron-rich N-aryl substituents (N-Ph, N-Mes) result in preferential redox esterification. Using DBU, redox esterification is preferred due to transesterification of the initially formed thiol ester product. Additionally, α-phenylthioaldehyde-derived azolium enolates have been used in enantioselective formal [4 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions to access dihydropyridinone heterocycles with high enantioselectivity (up to >95 : 5 dr, 98 : 2 er).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M D A Ewing
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST UK
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh EH9 3JF UK
| | - Pankaj Kumar Majhi
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Callum Prentice
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Claire M Young
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | | | - Polly L Arnold
- Dept of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST UK
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10
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Liu B, Zhou X, Liu Q, Yang Z, Mao Y, He Q, Zhang T, Kong X, Zhang J, Liao W, Tang L. Carbene-Catalyzed [4+2] Cycloaddition of Cyclobutenones and Isatins for Quick Access to Chiral Chlorine-Containing Spirocyclic δ-Lactones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7286-7294. [PMID: 38696309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Here we report a carbene-catalyzed enantio- and diastereoselective [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of cyclobutenones with isatins for the quick and efficient synthesis of spirocyclic δ-lactones bearing a chiral chlorine. A broad range of substrates with various substitution patterns proceed smoothly in this reaction, with the spirooxindole δ-lactone products afforded in generally good to excellent yields and optical purities under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Qinqin Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Zaihui Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yuanhu Mao
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Qing He
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Xiangkai Kong
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Weike Liao
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
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11
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Barańska I, Ośmiałowski B, Rafińska K, Rafiński Z. Construction of Highly Functionalized 2-Styrylfurans by N-Heterocyclic Carbene/Brønsted Acid Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:3514-3518. [PMID: 38651753 PMCID: PMC11077487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This research presents an original method for synthesizing styrylfurans using N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and Brønsted acid catalysis. By exploiting 2,4-dioxoesters as conjugated 1,3-dicarbonyls, we have developed a technique allowing the efficient formation of highly functionalized styrylfurans with interesting photochemical properties, through a NHC-catalyzed cross-benzoin reaction followed by a Brønsted acid-driven Paal-Knorr-like condensation. This approach permits the integration of various substituents on the furan ring, with preliminary biological studies indicating potential as fluorescent dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Barańska
- Nicolaus Copernicus University
in Torun, Faculty of Chemistry, 7 Gagarin Street, Torun 87-100, Poland
| | - Borys Ośmiałowski
- Nicolaus Copernicus University
in Torun, Faculty of Chemistry, 7 Gagarin Street, Torun 87-100, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rafińska
- Nicolaus Copernicus University
in Torun, Faculty of Chemistry, 7 Gagarin Street, Torun 87-100, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Rafiński
- Nicolaus Copernicus University
in Torun, Faculty of Chemistry, 7 Gagarin Street, Torun 87-100, Poland
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12
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Wei C, Zhao C, Li J, Li C, Song B, Song R. Innovative Arylimidazole-Fused Phytovirucides via Carbene-Catalyzed [3+4] Cycloaddition: Locking Viral Cell-To-Cell Movement by Out-Competing Virus Capsid-Host Interactions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309343. [PMID: 38477505 PMCID: PMC11109656 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The control of potato virus Y (PVY) induced crop failure is a challengeable issue in agricultural chemistry. Although many anti-PVY agents are designed to focus on the functionally important coat protein (CP) of virus, how these drugs act on CP to inactivate viral pathogenicity, remains largely unknown. Herein, a PVY CP inhibitor -3j (S) is disclosed, which is accessed by developing unusually efficient (up to 99% yield) and chemo-selective (> 99:1 er in most cases) carbene-catalyzed [3+4] cycloaddition reactions. Compound -3j bears a unique arylimidazole-fused diazepine skeleton and shows chirality-preferred performance against PVY. In addition, -3j (S) as a mediator allows ARG191 (R191) of CP to be identified as a key amino acid site responsible for intercellular movement of virions. R191 is further demonstrated to be critical for the interaction between PVY CP and the plant functional protein NtCPIP, enabling virions to cross plasmodesmata. This key step can be significantly inhibited through bonding with the -3j (S) to further impair pathogenic behaviors involving systemic infection and particle assembly. The study reveals the in-depth mechanism of action of antiviral agents targeting PVY CP, and contributes to new drug structures and synthetic strategies for PVY management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunle Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Green PesticideKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationCenter for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China
| | - Chunni Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Green PesticideKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationCenter for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China
| | - Jiao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green PesticideKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationCenter for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China
| | - Chunyi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green PesticideKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationCenter for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China
| | - Baoan Song
- National Key Laboratory of Green PesticideKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationCenter for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China
| | - Runjiang Song
- National Key Laboratory of Green PesticideKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationCenter for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China
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13
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Barik S, Sankar G, Biju AT. Enantioselective synthesis of tricyclic oxoquinolines via NHC-catalyzed Michael-aldol-lactamization-dehydration cascade. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4290-4293. [PMID: 38445724 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00502c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of tricyclic oxoquinolines via NHC-catalyzed cascade reaction of enals with malonates bearing a 2-aminophenyl group is reported. The chiral α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums underwent a smooth Michael-aldol-lactamization-dehydration quadruple cascade with the amino malonate derivative to afford the desired tricyclic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Barik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Ganga Sankar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
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14
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Li Z, Zhang J, Wang J. Access to Chiral β-Boryl δ-Lactones via NHC-Catalyzed [4 + 2] Annulation. Org Lett 2024; 26:1965-1969. [PMID: 38418377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
We report a carbene-catalyzed [4 + 2] annulation of activated esters and β-borate enones, providing an efficient method to build enantioenriched organoborones with two consecutive stereogenic centers. It is worth noting that this protocol represents a new organocatalytic manner to generate chiral β-C-B bonds. Moreover, it also greatly enriches the structural diversity of the chiral organoboron compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jingyang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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15
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Jin ML, Dong YX, Gao ZH, Ye S. Phosphonylacylation of Alkenes Enabled by Visible-Light-Induced N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:1711-1717. [PMID: 38377588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the phosphonylacylation of alkenes via visible-light-induced N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis to afford a series of γ-ketophosphonates in moderate to good yields. This protocol features mild conditions, free of photocatalyst, and good compatibility of functional groups. The excited Breslow enolate intermediate was proposed to undergo single-electron transfer with oxime phosphonate to generate the corresponding ketyl radical and phosphonyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lei Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Xiong Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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16
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Barańska I, Dobrzańska L, Rafiński Z. Enantioselective [3 + 3] Annulation-Deoxalation Strategy for Rapid Access to δ-Oxoesters via N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:1207-1211. [PMID: 38325001 PMCID: PMC10877609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A new and unprecedented stereoselective synthetic approach to δ-oxoesters derivatives from readily available starting materials has been developed. This method, catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbene, involves an annulation-deoxalation reaction of alkynyl aldehydes with 2,4-diketoesters and proceeds via the chiral α,β-unsaturated acylazolium intermediates. The annulation includes the in situ formation of dihydropyranones, which undergo ring-opening methanolysis with Lewis acid activation, followed by deoxalation to afford chiral 1,5-ketoesters in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Barańska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Liliana Dobrzańska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Rafiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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17
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Wang J, Wang M, Wen Y, Teng P, Li C, Zhao C. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Macrolactonization to Access Planar-Chiral Macrocycles. Org Lett 2024; 26:1040-1045. [PMID: 38295348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
An N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed atroposelective macrolactonization has been disclosed. This approach affords planar-chiral macrocycles in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities over a broad substrate scope. Controlled experiments suggest that the enantioselectivity might arise from the cation-n interaction between the acyl azolium and the electron-rich moiety in the substrate. This mechanism is supported by density functional theory calculations, which also suggest an important π-π interaction in stabilizing the transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yilu Wen
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Peng Teng
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Changgui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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18
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Lv X, Su F, Long H, Lu F, Zeng Y, Liao M, Che F, Wu X, Chi YR. Carbene organic catalytic planar enantioselective macrolactonization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:958. [PMID: 38302464 PMCID: PMC10834540 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrolactones exhibit distinct conformational and configurational properties and are widely found in natural products, medicines, and agrochemicals. Up to now, the major effort for macrolactonization is directed toward identifying suitable carboxylic acid/alcohol coupling reagents to address the challenges associated with macrocyclization, wherein the stereochemistry of products is usually controlled by the substrate's inherent chirality. It remains largely unexplored in using catalysts to govern both macrolactone formation and stereochemical control. Here, we disclose a non-enzymatic organocatalytic approach to construct macrolactones bearing chiral planes from achiral substrates. Our strategy utilizes N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) as a potent acylation catalyst that simultaneously mediates the macrocyclization and controls planar chirality during the catalytic process. Macrolactones varying in ring sizes from sixteen to twenty members are obtained with good-to-excellent yields and enantiomeric ratios. Our study shall open new avenues in accessing macrolactones with various stereogenic elements and ring structures by using readily available small-molecule catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fen Su
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hongyan Long
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fengfei Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yukun Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Minghong Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fengrui Che
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xingxing Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- School of chemistry, chemical engineering, and biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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19
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Mondal BD, Gorai S, Nath R, Paul A, Guin J. Enantioselective Amination of 3-Substituted-2-benzofuranones via Non-covalent N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303115. [PMID: 37997460 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an efficient method for asymmetric α-amination of 2-benzofuranones with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis is reported. The process is based on non-covalent interaction of NHC with substrate, facilitating the formation of a chiral ion-pair that encompasses enolate and azolium salt. The activated enolate adds to an electrophilic amine source with sufficient facial control to furnish an enantioenriched product having an amine substituted quaternary stereocenter. The process displays a broad substrate scope. A preparative scale synthesis has been achieved. Preliminary mechanistic investigations based on experimental and DFT studies suggest a reaction pathway that involves non-covalent substrate/NHC interactions and essentially implicate the role of π-π interaction in diastereomeric transition states for stereo-chemical discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Deb Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2 A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sadhan Gorai
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2 A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Rounak Nath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2 A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Ankan Paul
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2 A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Joyram Guin
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2 A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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20
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Zhou BA, Li XN, Zhang CL, Wang ZX, Ye S. Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Diaryl Ethers via NHC Catalyzed Desymmetrization and Following Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314228. [PMID: 38019184 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Axially chiral diaryl ethers are present in numerous natural products and bioactive molecules. However, only few catalytic enantioselective approaches have been established to access diaryl ether atropisomers. Herein, we report the N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral diaryl ethers via desymmetrization of prochiral 2-aryloxyisophthalaldehydes with aliphatic alcohols, phenol derivatives, and heteroaromatic amines. This reaction features mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope and excellent enantioselectivity. The utility of this methodology is illustrated by late-stage functionalization, gram-scale synthesis, and diverse enantioretentive transformations. Control experiments and DFT calculations support the association of NHC-catalyzed desymmetrization with following kinetic resolution to enhance the enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-An Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ning Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Lin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Song Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
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21
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Wang SJ, Wang X, Xin X, Zhang S, Yang H, Wong MW, Lu S. Organocatalytic diastereo- and atroposelective construction of N-N axially chiral pyrroles and indoles. Nat Commun 2024; 15:518. [PMID: 38225235 PMCID: PMC10789812 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The construction of N-N axially chiral motifs is an important research topic, owing to their wide occurrence in natural products, pharmaceuticals and chiral ligands. One efficient method is the atroposelective dihydropyrimidin-4-one formation. We present herein a direct catalytic synthesis of N-N atropisomers with simultaneous creation of contiguous axial and central chirality by oxidative NHC (N-heterocyclic carbenes) catalyzed (3 + 3) cycloaddition. Using our method, we are able to synthesize structurally diverse N-N axially chiral pyrroles and indoles with vicinal central chirality or bearing a 2,3-dihydropyrimidin-4-one moiety in moderate to good yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Further synthetic transformations of the obtained axially chiral pyrroles and indoles derivative products are demonstrated. The reaction mechanism and the origin of enantioselectivity are understood through DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jie Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xiaolan Xin
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Shulei Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Shenci Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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22
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Cai Y, Zhao Y, Tang K, Zhang H, Mo X, Chen J, Huang Y. Amide C-N bonds activation by A new variant of bifunctional N-heterocyclic carbene. Nat Commun 2024; 15:496. [PMID: 38216571 PMCID: PMC10786861 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We report an organocatalyst that combines a triazolium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) with a squaramide as a hydrogen-bonding donor (HBD), which can effectively catalyze the atroposelective ring-opening of biaryl lactams via a unique amide C-N bond cleavage mode. The free carbene species attacks the amide carbonyl, forming an axially chiral acyl-azolium intermediate. Various axially chiral biaryl amines can be accessed by this methodology with up to 99% ee and 99% yield. By using mercaptan as a catalyst turnover agent, the resulting thioester synthon can be transformed into several interesting atropisomers. Both control experiments and theoretical calculations reveal the crucial role of the hybrid NHC-HBD skeleton, which activates the amide via H-bonding and brings it spatially close to the carbene centre. This discovery illustrates the potential of the NHC-HBD chimera and demonstrates a complementary strategy for amide bond activation and manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518118, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518118, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518118, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xueling Mo
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518118, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiean Chen
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518118, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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23
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Shee S, Shree Ranganathappa S, Gadhave MS, Gogoi R, Biju AT. Enantioselective Synthesis of C-O Axially Chiral Diaryl Ethers by NHC-Catalyzed Atroposelective Desymmetrization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311709. [PMID: 37986240 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Axially chiral diaryl ethers, a distinguished class of atropisomers possessing unique dual C-O axis, hold immense potential for diverse research domains. In contrast to the catalytic enantioselective synthesis of conventional single axis bearing atropisomers, the atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral ethers containing flexible C-O axis remains a significant challenge. Herein, we demonstrate the first N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed synthesis of axially chiral diaryl ethers via atroposelective esterification of dialdehyde-containing diaryl ethers. Mechanistically, the reaction proceeds via NHC-catalyzed desymmetrization strategy to afford the corresponding axially chiral diaryl ether atropisomers in good yields and high enantioselectivities under mild conditions. The derivatization of the synthesized product expands the utility of present strategy via access to a library of C-O axially chiral compounds. The temperature dependency and preliminary investigations on the racemization barrier of C-O bonds are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Shee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, 560012, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Mahesh S Gadhave
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, 560012, Bangalore, India
| | - Romin Gogoi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, 560012, Bangalore, India
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, 560012, Bangalore, India
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24
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Byun S, Hwang MU, Wise HR, Bay AV, Cheong PHY, Scheidt KA. Light-Driven Enantioselective Carbene-Catalyzed Radical-Radical Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312829. [PMID: 37845183 PMCID: PMC10841513 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective carbene-catalyzed radical-radical coupling of acyl imidazoles and racemic Hantzsch esters is disclosed. This method involves the coupling of an N-heterocyclic carbene-derived ketyl radical and a secondary sp3 -carbon radical and allows access to chiral α-aryl aliphatic ketones in moderate-to-good yields and enantioselectivities without any competitive epimerization. The utility of this protocol is highlighted by the late-stage functionalization of various pharmaceutical compounds and is further demonstrated by the transformation of the enantioenriched products to biologically relevant molecules. Computational investigations reveal the N-heterocyclic carbene controls the double-facial selectivity of the ketyl radical and the alkyl radicals, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghwan Byun
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Silverman Hall, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Meemie U. Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Silverman Hall, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Henry R. Wise
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (USA)
| | - Anna V. Bay
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Silverman Hall, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Paul H.-Y. Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (USA)
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25
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Li J, Duan XY, Ren X, Li Y, Qi J. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed [3 + 3] Annulation of 5-Aminopyrazoles with Enals: Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16621-16632. [PMID: 37967027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective construction of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridones was achieved via N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation of enals with 5-aminopyrazoles. This protocol not only offers a highly efficient synthetic approach for the preparation of various substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridones but also provides an effective method for the rapid synthesis of enantiopure spirooxindone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Duan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiaojie Ren
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yanting Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jing Qi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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26
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Wang X, Wu S, Yang R, Song H, Liu Y, Wang Q. Recent advances in combining photo- and N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13367-13383. [PMID: 38033906 PMCID: PMC10685334 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03274d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are unique Lewis basic catalysts that mediate various organic transformations by means of polarity reversal. Although the scope of research on two-electron reactions mediated by NHC catalysts has been expanding, the types of these reactions are limited by the inability of NHCs to engage sp3-electrophiles. However, the revival of photocatalysis has accelerated the development of free-radical chemistry, and combining photoredox catalysis and NHC catalysis to achieve NHC-mediated radical reactions under mild conditions could overcome the above-mentioned limitation. This review summarizes recent advances in combining photoredox and NHC catalysis, focusing on elucidation and exploration of mechanisms, with the aim of identifying challenges and opportunities to develop more types of catalytic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Senhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
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27
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Guo M, Zhang P, Li EQ. Recent Advances in Palladium-Catalyzed [4 + n] Cycloaddition of Lactones, Benzoxazinanones, Allylic Carbonates, and Vinyloxetanes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:33. [PMID: 37921912 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed allylation cyclization reaction has recently emerged as an efficient and powerful synthetic platform for the construction of diverse and valuable carbo- and heterocycles. Thus the development of new allylic motifs for achieving this type of transformations in high reactivity and selectivity is of great importance. Generally, these substrates have been utilized as 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5-, 1,6-dipoles in many reactions, which are applied to prepare highly functionalized products with complete control of chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity. In this review, we focus our attention on the development of palladium-catalyzed [4 + n] cycloaddition of allylic motifs and describe a comprehensive and impressive advances in this area. Meanwhile, the related mechanism and the application of these annulation strategies in natural product total synthesis will be highlighted in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyan Guo
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Panke Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Er-Qing Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Ren X, Duan XY, Li Y, Li J, Qi J. Highly Enantioselective Construction of the Polycyclic Piperazin-2-ones via NHC-Catalyzed [12 + 2] Cycloadditions. Org Lett 2023; 25:7917-7922. [PMID: 37874751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
NHC-catalyzed diastereoselective and enantioselective [12 + 2] higher-order cycloadditions of 5H-benzo[a]-pyrrolizine-3-carbaldehydes with cyclic sulfonic imines are described. Various optically pure polycyclic piperazin-2-ones were successfully constructed under mild reaction conditions with excellent diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities. The generated chiral polycyclic piperazin-2-ones could be transformed to planar-chiral nine-membered cyclic amides via squaramide-catalyzed asymmetric ring-expansion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Ren
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China, and
| | - Xiao-Yong Duan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China, and
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yanting Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China, and
| | - Jiahan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China, and
| | - Jing Qi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China, and
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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29
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Liu C, Wang J, Liu X, Feng J, Du D. NHC-catalyzed radical acylation of cycloalkyl silyl peroxides to access 1,6-,1,7-, and 1,8-diketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13175-13178. [PMID: 37850247 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04765b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed radical acylation of cycloalkyl silyl peroxides was developed using readily available aldehydes as the acylating agents. This protocol provides an exceptionally useful method for the efficient and rapid synthesis of long-chain 1,6-/1,7-/1,8-diketones, especially unsymmetrical ones. This strategy also has the advantages of mild conditions, good functional group compatibility, and potential applications in the late-stage functionalization of aldehydes with bioactive fragments and in the construction of long-chain complex bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Jingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Xinlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Ding Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
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30
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Nong Y, Pang C, Teng K, Zhang S, Liu Q. NHC-Catalyzed Chemoselective Reactions of Enals and Cyclopropylcarbaldehydes for Access to Chiral Dihydropyranone Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13535-13543. [PMID: 37682310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
An N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed chemoselective activation reaction of 1-cyclopropylcarbaldehydes and α-alkynyl enals is reported. NHC selectively catalyzes 1-cyclopropylaldehydes, followed by a [2 + 4] cycloaddition reaction with α-alkynyl enals. The target dihydropyranone derivatives bearing different substituents and substitution patterns can be obtained in good to excellent yields with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingling Nong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chen Pang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Kunpeng Teng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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31
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Wang HY, Li ZC, Zhang CL, Ye S. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral α-Carbolinones via Heterocycle Formation. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11913-11923. [PMID: 37498087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
An NHC-catalyzed atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral α-carbolinones from α,β-unsaturated iminoindole derivatives and α-chloroaldehydes was developed. The reaction proceeds through a cascade process including [4 + 2] annulation and then oxidative dehydrogenation with concomitant central-to-axial chirality conversion under mild conditions. The developed method opens a new avenue to efficiently access axially chiral α-carbolinones in moderate to good enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chun-Lin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Song Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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32
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Wang Q, Wu S, Zou J, Liang X, Mou C, Zheng P, Chi YR. NHC-catalyzed enantioselective access to β-cyano carboxylic esters via in situ substrate alternation and release. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4878. [PMID: 37573355 PMCID: PMC10423276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A carbene-catalyzed asymmetric access to chiral β-cyano carboxylic esters is disclosed. The reaction proceeds between β,β-disubstituted enals and aromatic thiols involving enantioselective protonation of enal β-carbon. Two main factors contribute to the success of this reaction. One involves in situ ultrafast addition of the aromatic thiol substrates to the carbon-carbon double bond of the enal substrate. This reaction converts almost all enal substrate to a Thiol-click Intermediate, significantly reducing aromatic thiol substrates concentration and suppressing the homo-coupling reaction of enals. Another factor is an in situ release of enal substrate from the Thiol-click Intermediate for the desired reaction to proceed effectively. The optically enriched β-cyano carboxylic esters from our method can be readily transformed to medicines that include γ-aminobutyric acids derivatives such as Rolipram. In addition to synthetic utilities, our control of reaction outcomes via in situ substrate modulation and release can likely inspire future reaction development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shuquan Wu
- Center for Industrial Catalysis and Cleaning Process Development, School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Juan Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xuyang Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chengli Mou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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33
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Wang HY, Wang XH, Zhou BA, Zhang CL, Ye S. Ketones from aldehydes via alkyl C(sp 3)-H functionalization under photoredox cooperative NHC/palladium catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4044. [PMID: 37422483 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct synthesis of ketones from aldehydes features high atom- and step-economy. Yet, the coupling of aldehydes with unactivated alkyl C(sp3)-H remains challenging. Herein, we develop the synthesis of ketones from aldehydes via alkyl C(sp3)-H functionalization under photoredox cooperative NHC/Pd catalysis. The two-component reaction of iodomethylsilyl alkyl ether with aldehydes gave a variety of β-, γ- and δ-silyloxylketones via 1,n-HAT (n = 5, 6, 7) of silylmethyl radicals to generate secondary or tertiary alkyl radicals and following coupling with ketyl radicals from aldehydes under photoredox NHC catalysis. The three-component reaction with the addition of styrenes gave the corresponding ε-hydroxylketones via the generation of benzylic radicals by the addition of alkyl radicals to styrenes and following coupling with ketyl radicals. This work demonstrates the generation of ketyl radical and alkyl radical under the photoredox cooperative NHC/Pd catalysis, and provides two and three component reactions for the synthesis of ketones from aldehydes with alkyl C(sp3)-H functionalization. The synthetic potential of this protocol was also further illustrated by the late-stage functionalization of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Han Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Bang-An Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Lin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
| | - Song Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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34
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Wang X, Yang R, Zhu B, Liu Y, Song H, Dong J, Wang Q. Direct allylic acylation via cross-coupling involving cooperative N‑heterocyclic carbene, hydrogen atom transfer, and photoredox catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2951. [PMID: 37221185 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a mild, operationally simple, multicatalytic method for the synthesis of β,γ-unsaturated ketones via allylic acylation of alkenes. Specifically, the method combines N‑heterocyclic carbene catalysis, hydrogen atom transfer catalysis, and photoredox catalysis for cross-coupling reactions between a wide range of feedstock carboxylic acids and readily available olefins to afford structurally diverse β,γ-unsaturated ketones without olefin transposition. The method could be used to install acyl groups on highly functionalized natural-product-derived compounds with no need for substrate pre-activation, and C-H functionalization proceed with excellent site selectivity. To demonstrate the potential applications of the method, we convert a representative coupling product into various useful olefin synthons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Binbing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
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35
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Wu Q, Wu S, Zou J, Wang Q, Mou C, Zheng P, Chi YR. Carbene-Catalyzed Access to Thiochromene Derivatives: Control of Reaction Pathways via Slow Release of Thiols from Disulfides. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37200161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Substrates containing disulfide bonds, which are more stable and less smelling, could be used as thiophenol precursors in organic synthesis. Herein, an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed reaction between α-bromoenals and 2,2'-dithiodibenzaldehydes was developed. Through the sustained release strategy, the side reaction can be effectively inhibited, and the chiral thiochromene derivatives can be obtained with good yields and high optical purities. Application studies showed encouraging results when the desired products were explored for antimicrobial utilities in pesticide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shuquan Wu
- Center for Industrial Catalysis & Cleaning Process Development, School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Juan Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chengli Mou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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36
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Yang X, Li T, Chen J, Huang Y, Shen T, Li S, Jin Z, Ren SC. Carbene-Catalyzed Atroposelective Annulation for Quick Access to Axially Chiral Thiazine Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104052. [PMID: 37241792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed atroposelective annulation reaction is disclosed for quick and efficient access to thiazine derivatives. A series of axially chiral thiazine derivatives bearing various substituents and substitution patterns were produced in moderate to high yields with moderate to excellent optical purities. Preliminary studies revealed that some of our products exhibit promising antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) that causes rice bacterial blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tingting Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jinli Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yixian Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tingwei Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shiguang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shi-Chao Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
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37
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Gil-Ordóñez M, Maestro A, Andrés JM. Access to Spiropyrazolone-butenolides through NHC-Catalyzed [3 + 2]-Asymmetric Annulation of 3-Bromoenals and 1 H-Pyrazol-4,5-diones. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37167601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of spirocyclic pyrazolin-5-ones by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis has been less studied so far. For this reason and considering the interest of this class of compounds, here, we present the NHC-catalyzed [3 + 2]-asymmetric annulation of β-bromoenals and 1H-pyrazol-4,5-diones that achieves to produce chiral spiropyrazolone-butenolides. The synthesis is general for aryl and heteroaryl β-bromo-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and 1,3-disubstituted pyrazolones. The spirobutenolides have been obtained in good yields (up to 88%) and enantioselectivities (up to 97:3 er). This constitutes the first described example using pyrazoldiones as the starting materials for this class of spiro compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gil-Ordóñez
- GIR-SintACat-Instituto Universitario CINQUIMA y Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alicia Maestro
- GIR-SintACat-Instituto Universitario CINQUIMA y Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - José M Andrés
- GIR-SintACat-Instituto Universitario CINQUIMA y Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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38
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Dutta S, Porey A, Guin J. N-Heterocyclic carbene catalyzed desymmetrization of diols: access to enantioenriched oxindoles having a C3-quaternary stereocenter. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:5771-5774. [PMID: 37096372 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00489a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe an effective strategy for enantioselective synthesis of oxindoles having a C3-quaternary stereocenter via N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed desymmetrization of diols. The process is based on the catalytic asymmetric transfer acylation of primary alcohols using readily available aldehydes as an acylation agent. The reaction enables easy access to diversely functionalized C3-quaternary oxindoles with excellent enantioselectivity. The synthetic potential of the process is further demonstrated via the preparation of the key intermediate for (-)-esermethole and (-)-physostigmine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Dutta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Arka Porey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Joyram Guin
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
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39
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Nakano Y, Maddigan-Wyatt JT, Lupton DW. Enantioselective Catalysis by the Umpolung of Conjugate Acceptors Involving N-Heterocyclic Carbene or Organophosphine 1,4-Addition. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:1190-1203. [PMID: 37093247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusConjugate acceptors are one of the most common electrophilic functional groups in organic synthesis. While useful in a diverse range of transformations, their applications are largely dominated by the reactions from which their name is derived (i.e., as an acceptor of nucleophiles in the conjugate position). In 2014, we commenced studies focused on their ability to undergo polarity inversion through the conjugate addition of Lewis base catalysts. The first step in this process provides an enolate, from which the well-developed Rauhut-Currier (RC) and Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reactions can occur; however, tautomerization to provide a species in which the β-carbon of the conjugate acceptor can now act as a donor is also possible. When we commenced studies on this topic, reaction designs with this type of species, particularly when accessed using N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), had been reported on only a handful of occasions. Despite a lack of development, conceptually it was felt that reactions taking advantage of polarity switching by Lewis base conjugate addition have a number of desirable features. Perhaps the most significant is the potential to reimagine a ubiquitous functional group as an entirely new synthon, namely, a donor to electrophiles from the conjugate position.Our work has focused on catalysis with both simple conjugate acceptors and also those embedded within more complicated substrates; the latter has allowed a series of cycloisomerizations and annulation reactions to be achieved. In most cases, the reactions have been possible using enantioenriched chiral NHCs or organophosphines as the Lewis base catalysts thereby delivering enantioselective approaches to novel cyclic molecules. While related chemistry can be accessed with either family of catalyst, in all cases reactions have been designed to take advantage of one or the other. In addition, a fine balance exists between reactions that exploit the initially formed enolate and those that involve the polarity-inverted β-anion. In our studies, this balance is addressed through substrate design, although catalyst control may also be possible. We consider the chemistry discussed in this Account to be in its infancy. Significant challenges remain to be addressed before our broad aim of discovering a universal approach to the polarity inversion of all conjugate acceptors can be achieved. These challenges broadly relate to chemoselectivity with substrates bearing multiple electrophilic functionalities, reliance upon the use of conjugate acceptors, and catalyst efficiency. To address these challenges, advances in catalyst design and catalyst cooperativity are likely required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nakano
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - David W Lupton
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
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40
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Gao J, Zhang S, Du D. Alkynyl Acylazolium: a Versatile 1,3-Bielectrophilic 3C-Synthon in NHC-Organocatalysis. CHEM REC 2023:e202300046. [PMID: 36942970 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of modern organic synthesis especially in the asymmetric construction of various cyclic skeletons. As an emerging NHC-bound 1,3-bielectrophilic intermediate, alkynyl acylazolium has drawn substantial attention in recent years, and has been used as a versatile 3C-synthon in synthesizing valuable organic molecules since its discovery. In this review, focused on the different pathways for the formation of alkynyl acylazoliums from different precursors like alkynoic esters, alkynoic acids and ynals, the recent advances in the transformations and applications of alkynyl acylazoliums pioneered or developed over the last decade under NHC-catalysis were summarized comprehensively. At the same time, the outlook for further investigation and exploration of novel reaction modes for alkynyl acylazoliums in the future was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Simiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ding Du
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
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41
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Liu Q, Teng K. Facile Approach for the Oxidative Enolate Activation of Aliphatic Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2404-2414. [PMID: 36745778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A proline/N-heterocyclic carbene relay catalytic strategy is developed for the oxidative enolate activation of aliphatic aldehydes. A broad scope of electrophiles including oxindole-derived pyrazolones, oxindole-derived α,β-unsaturated esters, and α,β-unsaturated imines are effective as the reactants in the asymmetric [2 + 4] cycloaddition reaction with the alkyl aldehydes bearing different substitution patterns. Structural complex multicyclic chiral products can be afforded in generally excellent yields and enantio- and diastereoselectivities through this approach under similar reaction conditions. Several of the optical pure products afforded from this protocol exhibit excellent antibacterial activities against plant pathogens and are promising in the development of novel pesticides for plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Kunpeng Teng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
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42
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Dong YX, Zhang CL, Gao ZH, Ye S. Iminoacylation of Alkenes via Photoredox N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:855-860. [PMID: 36700625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The iminoacylation of alkenes via photoredox N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis is developed with the employment of alkene-tethered α-imino-oxy acids and acyl imidazoles. The corresponding substituted 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrroles were afforded in moderate to good yields with good to high diastereoselectivities in most cases. The reaction involves the 5-exo-trig radical cyclization of an alkene-tethered iminyl radical and the following coupling with a ketyl radical from acyl imidazole under NHC catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiong Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chun-Lin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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43
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Liang Z, Li J, Wang L, Wei Z, Huang J, Wang X, Du D. Construction of Functionalized 2 H-Pyran-2-ones via N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed [3 + 3] Annulation of Alkynyl Esters with Enolizable Ketones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1836-1843. [PMID: 36696583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A new synthesis of functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones has been developed through N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed formal [3 + 3] annulation of alkynyl esters with enolizable ketones. The key to the success of this protocol relies on the use of an NHC instead of a tertiary amine as the catalyst. This protocol also features a broad substrate scope and mild metal-free conditions, offering simple and rapid access to the target molecules in a highly regioselective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zexuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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44
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De Risi C, Brandolese A, Di Carmine G, Ragno D, Massi A, Bortolini O. Oxidative N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202467. [PMID: 36205918 PMCID: PMC10099058 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis is a by now consolidated organocatalytic platform for a number of synthetic (asymmetric) transformations via diverse reaction modes/intermediates. In addition to the typical umpolung processes involving acyl anion/homoenolate equivalent species, implementation of protocols under oxidative conditions greatly expands the possibilities of this methodology. Oxidative NHC-catalysis allows for oxidative and oxygenative transformations through specific manipulations of Breslow-type species depending upon the oxidant used (external oxidant or O2 /air), the derived NHC-bound intermediates paving the way to non-umpolung processes through activation of carbon atoms and heteroatoms. This review is intended to update the state of the art in oxidative NHC-catalyzed reactions that appeared in the literature from 2014 to present, with a strong focus to crucial intermediates and their mechanistic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela De Risi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Prevenzione, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Prevenzione, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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45
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Shee S, Sarkar D, Biju AT. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Aza-Michael-Mannich-Lactamization Cascade for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrazoloquinolin-3-ones. Org Lett 2023; 25:220-225. [PMID: 36594720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of functionalized pyrazoloquinolin-3-ones via N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed cascade reaction of α-bromoenals with 2-aminoaryl N-tosyl hydrazones is reported. The in situ-generated α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums underwent an aza-Michael-Mannich-lactamization sequence to afford the tricyclic products bearing three contiguous stereocenters, including a sterically demanding quaternary stereocenter with high enantioselectivity. The unprotected amine-triggered aza-Michael pathway over the competing amidation pathway is noteworthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Shee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Deeptanu Sarkar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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46
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Athira C, Sreenithya A, Hadad CM, Sunoj RB. Cooperative Asymmetric Dual Catalysis Involving a Chiral N-Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalyst and Palladium in an Annulation Reaction: Mechanism and Origin of Stereoselectivity. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Athira
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - A. Sreenithya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Christopher M. Hadad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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47
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Zhang S, Wang X, Han LL, Li J, Liang Z, Wei D, Du D. Atroposelective Synthesis of Triaryl α-Pyranones with 1,2-Diaxes by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212005. [PMID: 36314469 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Atropisomers bearing multiple stereogenic axes are of increasing importance to the field of material science, pharmaceuticals, and catalysis. However, the atroposelective construction of multi-axis atropisomers remains rare and challenging, due to the intrinsical difficulties in the stereo-control of the multiple stereogenic axes. Herein, we demonstrate a single-step construction of a new class of 1,2-diaxially chiral triaryl α-pyranones by an N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalytic asymmetric [3+3] annulation of well-designed alkynyl acylazolium precursors and enolizable sterically hindered 2-aryl ketones. The protocol features broad substrate scope (>50 examples), excellent stereo-control (most cases >20 : 1 dr, up to 99.5 : 0.5 er), and potentially useful synthetic applications. The success of this reaction relies on the rational design of structurally matched reaction partners and the careful selection of the asymmetric catalytic system. DFT calculations have also been performed to discover and rationalize the origin of the high stereoselectivity of this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Han
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ding Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
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48
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Luo C, Xu X, Xu J, Chen X. Oxidant free synthesis of α-pyrones via an NHC-catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation of bromoenals with 2-chloro-1,3-diketones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9298-9301. [PMID: 36398963 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01859d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An NHC-catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation reaction between α-bromo enals and 2-chlorocyclohexane-1,3-diones was developed for the rapid and efficient synthesis of various 4,5,6-trisubstituted α-pyrones, which are core structures in numerous natural products and synthetic bioactive molecules, in generally good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Xingkuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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49
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Barik S, Shee S, Gonnade RG, Biju AT. Enantioselective Synthesis of Dihydrothiopyranones via NHC-Catalyzed [3 + 3] Annulation of 2-Bromoenals with β-Oxodithioesters. Org Lett 2022; 24:8848-8853. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Barik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Sayan Shee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- Centre for Materials Characterization, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
| | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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50
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Dong Z, Jiang C, Zhao C. A Review on Generation and Reactivity of the N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Bound Alkynyl Acyl Azolium Intermediates. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227990. [PMID: 36432089 PMCID: PMC9696695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) has been widely used as an organocatalyst for both umpolung and non-umpolung chemistry. Previous works mainly focus on species including Breslow intermediate, azolium enolate intermediate, homoenolate intermediate, alkenyl acyl azolium intermediate, etc. Notably, the NHC-bound alkynyl acyl azolium has emerged as an effective intermediate to access functionalized cyclic molecular skeleton until very recently. In this review, we summarized the generation and reactivity of the NHC-bound alkynyl acyl azolium intermediates, which covers the efforts and advances in the synthesis of achiral and axially chiral cyclic scaffolds via the NHC-bound alkynyl acyl azolium intermediates. In particular, the mechanism related to this intermediate is discussed in detail.
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