1
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Yan B, Lei M, Tang Z, Liao H, Xu K. Tandem Electrochemical Oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Amines Towards Carbazoles and Phenazine-based Aza-helicenes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400614. [PMID: 38505987 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical study of the regioselectivity and mechanism of polycyclic aromatic amine (PAA) electrochemical oxidation is important for designing nitrogen doped large π-conjugated functional molecules. Herein, we used binary-, ternary-, and quaternary-fused PAAs as electro-oxidative reaction substrates to investigate the yield changes of carbazole and phenazine based aza-helicene other than oligomers, which were obtained through pyrrole and pyrazine annulation pathways. Combined with the restrained electrostatic potential (RESP) and steric hindrance factor analysis of the substrate, the electron spin density distribution of free radical resonance hybrid and the spin population analysis of the atoms in the structure of each free radical tautomer indicate that the degree of delocalized dispersion of N free radical and the resulting change in the spin density distribution of C free radical tautomers determine the reaction regioselectivity. The potential charge of the K-region, Bay-region, and L-region adjacent to the C(α)-C(β1) bond is higher than that of other regions within the molecule, and the charge in these high RESP regions tends to delocalize more strongly toward electron-deficient N free radicals. Thus, the activity of N-C(α)-C(β1) region is increased, which supports the proposed free radical addition and free radical coupling mechanism for the electro-oxidative reaction of PAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boning Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zefeng Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hengyi Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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2
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Xu PC, Qian S, Meng X, Zheng Y, Huang S. Electrochemical Ring-Opening of Cyclopropylamides with Alcohols toward the Synthesis of 1,3-Oxazines. Org Lett 2024; 26:2806-2810. [PMID: 38127264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical method is presented to construct 1,3-oxazines by the oxidative ring-opening of cyclopropylamides with alcohols. This method avoids the use of external oxidants and thus shows good functional group tolerance. The substrate scope covers primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols as well as (hetero)aryl amide-substituted cyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Shencheng Qian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xiangtai Meng
- Sinopec Maoming Petrochemical Company, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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3
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Garbini M, Brunetti A, Pedrazzani R, Monari M, Marcaccio M, Bertuzzi G, Bandini M. Reductive cyclodimerization of chalcones: exploring the "self-adaptability" of galvanostatic electrosynthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:404-407. [PMID: 38084060 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04920e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The "self-adaptability" of galvanostatic electrolysis was shown to assist a multistage unprecedented chemo- and diastereoselective electrochemically promoted cyclodimerization of chalcones. The process, all involving the reductive events, delivered densely functionalized cyclopentanes featuring five contiguous stereocenters (25 examples, yields of up to 95%, dr values up to >20 : 1). Dedicated and combined experimental as well as electrochemical investigation revealed the key role of a dynamic kinetic resolution of the aldol intermediate for the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Garbini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
- Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pedrazzani
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
- Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Magda Monari
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
- Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Marcaccio
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
- Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Bertuzzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
- Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
- Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
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4
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Hatch CE, Chain WJ. Electrochemically Enabled Total Syntheses of Natural Products. ChemElectroChem 2023; 10:e202300140. [PMID: 38106361 PMCID: PMC10723087 DOI: 10.1002/celc.202300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical techniques have helped to enable the total synthesis of natural products since the pioneering work of Kolbe in the mid 1800's. The electrochemical toolset grows every day and these new possibilities change the way chemists look at and think about natural products. This review provides a perspective on total syntheses wherein electrochemical techniques enabled the carbon─carbon bond formations in the skeletal assembly of important natural products, discussion of mechanistic details, and representative examples of the bond formations enabled over the last several decades. These bond formations are often distinctly different from those possible with conventional chemistries and allow assemblies complementary to other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Hatch
- Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 E. 68 St., New York, NY, 10065 (United States)
| | - William J Chain
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 163 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716 (United States)
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5
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Hu C, Mena J, Alabugin IV. Design principles of the use of alkynes in radical cascades. Nat Rev Chem 2023:10.1038/s41570-023-00479-w. [PMID: 37117812 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
One of the simplest organic functional groups, the alkyne, offers a broad canvas for the design of cascade transformations in which up to three new bonds can be added to each of the two sterically unencumbered, energy-rich carbon atoms. However, kinetic protection provided by strong π-orbital overlap makes the design of new alkyne transformations a stereoelectronic puzzle, especially on multifunctional substrates. This Review describes the electronic properties contributing to the unique utility of alkynes in radical cascades. We describe how to control the selectivity of alkyne activation by various methods, from dynamic covalent chemistry with kinetic self-sorting to disappearing directing groups. Additionally, we demonstrate how the selection of reactive intermediates directly influences the propagation and termination of the cascade. Diverging from a common departure point, a carefully planned reaction route can allow access to a variety of products.
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6
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Wang Y, Zhao R, Ackermann L. Electrochemical Syntheses of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300760. [PMID: 36965124 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have surfaced as increasingly viable components in optoelectronics and material sciences. The development of highly efficient and atom-economic tools to prepare PAHs under exceedingly mild conditions constitutes a long-term goal. Traditional syntheses of PAHs have largely relied on multistep approaches or the conventional Scholl reaction. However, Scholl reactions are largely inefficient with electron-deficient substrates, require stoichiometric chemical oxidants, and typically occur in the presence of strong acid. In sharp contrast, electrochemistry has gained considerable momentum during the past decade as an alternative for the facile and straightforward PAHs assembly, generally via electro-oxidative dehydrogenative annulation, releasing molecular hydrogen as the sole stoichiometric byproduct by the hydrogen evolution reaction. This review provides an overview on the recent and significant advances in the field of electrochemical syntheses of various PAHs until January 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Wang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rong Zhao
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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7
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Changmai S, Sultana S, Saikia AK. Review of electrochemical transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H functionalization reactions. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumi Changmai
- Applied Organic Chemistry Chemical Sciences & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology 785006 Jorhat India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 201002 Ghaziabad India
| | | | - Anil K. Saikia
- Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati Department of Chemistry Guwahati 781039 Assam India
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8
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Guo Q, Lu D, Mao Y, Lu Z. Visible-light promoted intramolecular carboamination of alkynes for the synthesis of oxazolidinone-fused isoquinolinones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1979-1982. [PMID: 36722997 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06542h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of isoquinolinone derivatives via photopromoted carboamination of alkynes is developed. Starting from the readily available propargyl alcohol derivatives, the polycyclic isoquinolinone derivatives could be obtained with good aryl and heterocycle tolerance. Both terminal and alkyl substituted alkynes could be employed. This protocol is operationally easy, and easily conducted on a gram-scale. A possible mechanism involving radical addition and cyclization following aromatization was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Guo
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. .,Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Dongpo Lu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Yihui Mao
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Zhan Lu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. .,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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9
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Zhang Y, Cai Z, Warratz S, Ma C, Ackermann L. Recent advances in electrooxidative radical transformations of alkynes. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDuring the past few years, electrochemical oxidative reactions through radical intermediates have emerged as an environmentally-benign, powerful platform for the facile formation of C–E (E = C, N, S, Se, O and Hal) bonds through single-electron-transfer (SET) processes at the electrodes. Functionalized unsaturated molecules and unusual structural motifs can, for instance, be directly constructed under exceedingly mild reaction conditions through initial radical attack onto alkynes. This minireview highlights the recent advances in electrooxidation in radical reactions until June 2022, with a particular focus on radical additions onto alkynes.
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10
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Khalid MI, Salem MSH, Sako M, Kondo M, Sasai H, Takizawa S. Electrochemical synthesis of heterodehydro[7]helicenes. Commun Chem 2022; 5:166. [PMID: 36697698 PMCID: PMC9814689 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydrohelicenes are some of the most attractive chiroptical materials with unique helical chirality. However, to our knowledge, there are no prior reports on their direct construction by asymmetric methods. In this work, sequential synthesis of aza-oxa-dehydro[7]helicenes via the electrochemical oxidative hetero-coupling of 3-hydoxycarbazoles and 2-naphthols followed by dehydrative cyclization and intramolecular C-C bond formation has been realized. In addition, an efficient enantioselective synthesis through chiral vanadium-catalyzed hetero-coupling and electrochemical oxidative transformations afforded heterodehydro[7]helicene without any racemization. The obtained dehydro[7]helicenes showed intense blue-colored circularly polarized luminescence (|glum| ≈ 2.5 × 10-3 at 433 nm). Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of the racemization barrier of heterodehydro[7]helicenes indicated significant chiral stability with ΔG‡> 140 kJ mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Imrul Khalid
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047 Japan
| | - Mohamed S. H. Salem
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047 Japan ,grid.33003.330000 0000 9889 5690Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522 Egypt
| | - Makoto Sako
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masaru Kondo
- grid.410773.60000 0000 9949 0476Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Naka-narusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 316-8511 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sasai
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047 Japan
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11
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Oderinde MS, Jin S, Das J, Jorge C, Yip S, Ramirez A, Wu DR, Li Y, Kempson J, Meanwell NA, Mathur A, Dhar TGM. Photo-Initiated Nickel Catalysis (PiNiC): Unmasking Dimethylnickel with Light. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martins S. Oderinde
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Soomin Jin
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jayanta Das
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Christine Jorge
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Shiuhang Yip
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Antonio Ramirez
- Chemical & Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Dauh-Rurng Wu
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Separation & Analysis Technology Team, Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - James Kempson
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - T. G. Murali Dhar
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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12
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Zhu Q, Kan C, Cao Y, Tang Z, Xu K, Hang P, Li B, Yao Y, Lei M, Yu X. Tandem Electro-Oxidative C-C and C-N Coupling and Aromatization for the Construction of Pyrazine-Fused Bis -aza[7]helicene. Org Lett 2022; 24:7053-7057. [PMID: 35984449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Repeated tandem electro-oxidative C-C and C-N coupling and aromatization were employed for the efficient construction of aza[7]helicene (BA7) as a key intermediate and the targeted pyrazine-fused bis-aza[7]helicene (PBBA7) derivatives in 90.0-93.2% isolated yields under a controlled potential. The electrosynthetic protocol showed high selectivity and enabled rapid access to functionalized organic conjugated materials from readily available polycyclic aromatic amines. A synthetic mechanistic study along with an investigation of the photoelectrical properties and application of PBBA7-C16 as a potential hole-transporting material for perovskite solar cells were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chenxia Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yucai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polyolefins and Catalysis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Catalysis Technology for Polyolefins, Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Company Ltd., Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zefeng Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Pengjie Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Biao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuxin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xuegong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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13
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Li M, Zhang R, Gao Q, Jiang H, Lei M, Wu W. Divergent Synthesis of Fused Tetracyclic Heterocycles from Diarylalkynes Enabled by the Selective Insertion of Isocyanide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208203. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Institute of Computational Chemistry College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 10019 China
| | - Qiushan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Institute of Computational Chemistry College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 10019 China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
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14
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Li M, Zhang R, Gao Q, Jiang H, Lei M, Wu W. Divergent Synthesis of Fused Tetracyclic Heterocycles from Diarylalkynes Enabled by the Selective Insertion of Isocyanide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- South China University of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Qiushan Gao
- South China University of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- South China University of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Ming Lei
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Wanqing Wu
- South China University of Technology School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering No. 381, Wushan Road, Tianhe Strict, 510640 Guangzhou CHINA
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15
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Saha D, Taily IM, Banerjee N, Banerjee P. Electricity mediated [3+2]-cycloaddition of N-sulfonylcyclopropanes with olefins via N-centered radical intermediates: access to cyclopentane analogs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5459-5462. [PMID: 35352071 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00761d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An external oxidant free electrochemical strategy is designed towards the β-scission of strained C-C bonds in cyclopropylamine. Moreover, the mechanistic studies ascertained that the methodology encompasses the N-center radical (NCRs) route and provides access to di- or tri-substituted cyclopentane analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Saha
- Lab no. 406, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Irshad Maajid Taily
- Lab no. 406, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Nakshatra Banerjee
- Lab no. 406, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Prabal Banerjee
- Lab no. 406, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
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16
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Murray PD, Cox JH, Chiappini ND, Roos CB, McLoughlin EA, Hejna BG, Nguyen ST, Ripberger HH, Ganley JM, Tsui E, Shin NY, Koronkiewicz B, Qiu G, Knowles RR. Photochemical and Electrochemical Applications of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2017-2291. [PMID: 34813277 PMCID: PMC8796287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present here a review of the photochemical and electrochemical applications of multi-site proton-coupled electron transfer (MS-PCET) in organic synthesis. MS-PCETs are redox mechanisms in which both an electron and a proton are exchanged together, often in a concerted elementary step. As such, MS-PCET can function as a non-classical mechanism for homolytic bond activation, providing opportunities to generate synthetically useful free radical intermediates directly from a wide variety of common organic functional groups. We present an introduction to MS-PCET and a practitioner's guide to reaction design, with an emphasis on the unique energetic and selectivity features that are characteristic of this reaction class. We then present chapters on oxidative N-H, O-H, S-H, and C-H bond homolysis methods, for the generation of the corresponding neutral radical species. Then, chapters for reductive PCET activations involving carbonyl, imine, other X═Y π-systems, and heteroarenes, where neutral ketyl, α-amino, and heteroarene-derived radicals can be generated. Finally, we present chapters on the applications of MS-PCET in asymmetric catalysis and in materials and device applications. Within each chapter, we subdivide by the functional group undergoing homolysis, and thereafter by the type of transformation being promoted. Methods published prior to the end of December 2020 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip
R. D. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - James H. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Chiappini
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Casey B. Roos
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | | | - Benjamin G. Hejna
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Suong T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hunter H. Ripberger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jacob M. Ganley
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Elaine Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nick Y. Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Brian Koronkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Guanqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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17
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Li X, Tao P, Cheng Y, Hu Q, Huang W, Li Y, Luo Z, Huang G. Recent Progress on the Electrochemical Difunctionalization of Alkenes/Alkynes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202204066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Ma C, Fang P, Liu ZR, Xu SS, Xu K, Cheng X, Lei A, Xu HC, Zeng C, Mei TS. Recent advances in organic electrosynthesis employing transition metal complexes as electrocatalysts. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:2412-2429. [PMID: 36654127 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrosynthesis has been widely used as an environmentally conscious alternative to conventional methods for redox reactions because it utilizes electric current as a traceless redox agent instead of chemical redox agents. Indirect electrolysis employing a redox catalyst has received tremendous attention, since it provides various advantages compared to direct electrolysis. With indirect electrolysis, overpotential of electron transfer can be avoided, which is inherently milder, thus wide functional group tolerance can be achieved. Additionally, chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, and stereoselectivity can be tuned by the redox catalysts used in indirect electrolysis. Furthermore, electrode passivation can be avoided by preventing the formation of polymer films on the electrode surface. Common redox catalysts include N-oxyl radicals, hypervalent iodine species, halides, amines, benzoquinones (such as DDQ and tetrachlorobenzoquinone), and transition metals. In recent years, great progress has been made in the field of indirect organic electrosynthesis using transition metals as redox catalysts for reaction classes including C-H functionalization, radical cyclization, and cross-coupling of aryl halides-each owing to the diverse reactivity and accessible oxidation states of transition metals. Although various reviews of organic electrosynthesis are available, there is a lack of articles that focus on recent research progress in the area of indirect electrolysis using transition metals, which is the impetus for this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhao-Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi-Shuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xu Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Chengchu Zeng
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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19
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Wang J, Fang WH, Qu LB, Shen L, Maseras F, Chen X. An Expanded SET Model Associated with the Functional Hindrance Dominates the Amide-Directed Distal sp 3 C-H Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19406-19416. [PMID: 34761900 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic understanding of catalytic radical reactions currently lags behind the flourishing development of new types of catalytic activation. Herein, an innovative single electron transfer (SET) model has been expanded by using the nonadiabatic crossing integrated with the rate-determining step of 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reaction to provide the control mechanism of radical decay dynamics through calculating excited-state relaxation paths of a paradigm example of the amide-directed distal sp3 C-H bond alkylation mediated by Ir-complex-based photocatalysts. The stability of carbon radical intermediates, the functional hindrance associated with the back SET, and the energy inversion between the reactive triplet and closed-shell ground states were verified to be key factors in improving catalytic efficiency via blocking radical inhibition. The expanded SET model associated with the dynamic behaviors and kinetic data could guide the design and manipulation of visible-light-driven inert bond activation by the utilization of photocatalysts bearing more or less electron-withdrawing groups and the comprehensive considerations of kinetic solvent effects and electron-withdrawing effects of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Lin Shen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avgda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China.,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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20
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Malapit CA, Prater MB, Cabrera-Pardo JR, Li M, Pham TD, McFadden TP, Blank S, Minteer SD. Advances on the Merger of Electrochemistry and Transition Metal Catalysis for Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3180-3218. [PMID: 34797053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic organic electrosynthesis has grown in the past few decades by achieving many valuable transformations for synthetic chemists. Although electrocatalysis has been popular for improving selectivity and efficiency in a wide variety of energy-related applications, in the last two decades, there has been much interest in electrocatalysis to develop conceptually novel transformations, selective functionalization, and sustainable reactions. This review discusses recent advances in the combination of electrochemistry and homogeneous transition-metal catalysis for organic synthesis. The enabling transformations, synthetic applications, and mechanistic studies are presented alongside advantages as well as future directions to address the challenges of metal-catalyzed electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Malapit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew B Prater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jaime R Cabrera-Pardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Min Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Tammy D Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Timothy Patrick McFadden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Skylar Blank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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21
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Zhou N, Zhao J, Sun C, Lai Y, Ruan Z, Feng P. Electro-Oxidative C-N Bond Formation through Azolation of Indole Derivatives: An Access to 3-Substituent-2-(Azol-1-yl)indoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16059-16067. [PMID: 34520191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A practical protocol to synthesize 3-substituent-2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives has been developed via an electrochemical oxidative cross coupling process under mild conditions. This electro-oxidative C-N bond formation strategy tolerates a range of functional groups and is amenable to gram scale synthesis. Moreover, this method was applied to the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naifu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Junhao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chengbo Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuqin Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhixiong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science, and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Pengju Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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22
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Wang Y, Zhao J, Qiao T, Zhang J, Chen G. Tunable System for Electrochemical Reduction of Ketones and Phthalimides. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, College of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Jianyou Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, College of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Tianjiao Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, College of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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23
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Zhang F, Wang Y, Wang Y, Pan Y. Electrochemical Deoxygenative Thiolation of Preactivated Alcohols and Ketones. Org Lett 2021; 23:7524-7528. [PMID: 34519513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work describes an electrochemically promoted nickel-catalyzed deoxygenative thiolation of alcohols and ketones under mild conditions. Excellent substrate tolerance and good chemical yields can be achieved by graphene/nickel foam electrodes in an undivided cell. Further study to gain mechanistic insight into this electrochemical cross-coupling has been carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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24
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Chicas-Baños DF, Frontana-Uribe BA. Electrochemical Generation and Use in Organic Synthesis of C-, O-, and N-Centered Radicals. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2538-2573. [PMID: 34047059 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade several research groups have been developing electrochemical procedures to access highly functionalized organic molecules. Among the most exciting advances, the possibility of using free radical chemistry has attracted the attention of the most important synthetic groups. Nowadays, electrochemical strategies based on these species with a synthetic purpose are published continuously in scientific journals, increasing the alternatives for the synthetic organic chemistry laboratories. Free radicals can be obtained in organic electrochemical reactions; thus, this review reassembles the last decade's (2010-2020) efforts of the electrosynthetic community to generate and take advantage of the C-, O-, and N-centered radicals' reactivity. The electrochemical reactions that occur, as well as the proposed mechanism, are discussed, trying to give clear information about the used conditions and reactivity of these reactive intermediate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Francisco Chicas-Baños
- Centro Conjunto Química Sustentable UAEMéx-UNAM, Km 14.5 Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, Toluca, 50200, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Bernardo A Frontana-Uribe
- Centro Conjunto Química Sustentable UAEMéx-UNAM, Km 14.5 Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, Toluca, 50200, Estado de México, Mexico.,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
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25
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Puthanveedu M, Khamraev V, Brieger L, Strohmann C, Antonchick AP. Electrochemical Dehydrogenative C(sp 2 )-H Amination. Chemistry 2021; 27:8008-8012. [PMID: 33931904 PMCID: PMC8251997 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free direct electrolytic C-H amination involving an electrochemically generated nitrenium ion intermediate has been developed. The electrosynthesis takes place in the absence of any organoiodine catalysts and is enabled by an in situ generated electrolyte. A novel, efficient intramolecular and intermolecular C-H amination has been demonstrated using a simple reaction setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Puthanveedu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieAbteilung Chemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieChemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 4a44221DortmundGermany
| | - Vladislav Khamraev
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieChemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 4a44221DortmundGermany
- North Caucasus Federal UniversityDepartment of Chemistry1a Pushkin St.355009StavropolRussian Federation
- Present address: D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia9 Miusskaya Square, 125047MoscowRussian Federation
| | - Lukas Brieger
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieAnorganische ChemieOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieAnorganische ChemieOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Andrey P. Antonchick
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieAbteilung Chemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieChemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 4a44221DortmundGermany
- Nottingham Trent UniversityCollege of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Chemistry and ForensicsClifton LaneNG11 8NSNottinghamUK
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26
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Zhang MM, Sun Y, Wang WW, Chen KK, Yang WC, Wang L. Electrochemical synthesis of sulfonated benzothiophenes using 2-alkynylthioanisoles and sodium sulfinates. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3844-3849. [PMID: 33949560 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sulfonylation/cyclization of 2-alkynylthioanisoles with sodium sulfinates was developed under catalyst-, external oxidant- and metal-free conditions. The electrosynthesis provides sustainable and efficient access to 3-sulfonated benzothiophenes with good substrate scope and functional group tolerance. This cascade radical process has been triggered through a sulfonyl radical addition to alkynes using sodium sulfinates under electrochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Sun
- Institute of Pesticide, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Wan-Wan Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P. R. China
| | - Kang-Kang Chen
- Institute of Pesticide, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Institute of Pesticide, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China.
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27
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Tian Z, Gong Q, Huang T, Liu L, Chen T. Practical Electro-Oxidative Sulfonylation of Phenols with Sodium Arenesulfinates Generating Arylsulfonate Esters. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15914-15926. [PMID: 33789426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A practical and sustainable synthesis of arylsulfonate esters has been developed through electro-oxidation. This reaction employed the stable and readily available phenols and sodium arenesulfinates as the starting materials and took place under mild reaction conditions without additional oxidants. A wide range of arylsulfonate esters including those bearing functional groups were produced in good to excellent yields. This reaction could also be conducted at a gram scale without a decrease of reaction efficiency. Those results well demonstrated the potential synthetic value of this reaction in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qihang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tianzeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tieqiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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28
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Chen N, Xu HC. Electrochemically Driven Radical Reactions: From Direct Electrolysis to Molecular Catalysis. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2306-2319. [PMID: 33734572 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organic radicals are versatile synthetic intermediates that provide reactivities and selectivities complementary to ionic species. Despite its long history, electrochemically driven radical reactions remain limited in scope. In the past few years, there have been dramatic increase in research activity in organic electrochemistry. We have been developing electrochemical and electrophotocatalytic methods for the generation and synthetic utilization of organic radicals. In our studies, various radical species such as alkene and arene radical cations and carbon- and heteroatom-centered radicals are generated from readily available precursors through direct electrolysis, molecular electrocatalysis or molecular electrophotocatalysis. These radical species undergo various inter- and intramolecular oxidative transformations to rapidly increase molecular complexity. The simultaneous occurrence of anodic oxidation and cathodic proton reduction allows the oxidative reactions to proceed through H2 evolution without external chemical oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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29
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Chen N, Xu HC. Electrochemical generation of nitrogen-centered radicals for organic synthesis. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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30
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Zeng C, Wang B, Zhang H, Sun M, Huang L, Gu Y, Qiu Z, Müllen K, Gu C, Ma Y. Electrochemical Synthesis, Deposition, and Doping of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Films. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2682-2687. [PMID: 33560113 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are employed as organic semiconductors because their delocalized π-electron systems and strong intermolecular interactions endow them with an exceptional charge-transport ability. However, the deposition of PAHs from solution onto high-quality thin films is often difficult. Here, we report a one-step electrochemical method to synthesize and deposit unsubstituted PAHs, starting from twisted oligophenyl precursors. The cyclodehydrogenated products were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser-desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry as well as Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. With this electrosynthesis and deposition, the PAHs stack into compact and ordered supramolecular structures along the π-π direction to form thin films with controllable thicknesses and doping levels. The direct fabrication of PAH films opens new pathways toward PAH-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Bohan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Mingxiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Liangbin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology. Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Gu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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31
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Makhal PN, Nandi A, Kaki VR. Insights into the Recent Synthetic Advances of Organoselenium Compounds. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka N. Makhal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Arijit Nandi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Venkata Rao Kaki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
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32
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Shi J, Li J, Zhao W, Cui M, Ni W, Li L, Liu W, Xu K, Zhang S. Regioselective intramolecular sp2 C–H amination: direct vs. mediated electrooxidation. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01584a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We reported an electrochemical intramolecular C–H amination approach to construct benzimidazole-fused phenanthridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxue Shi
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- China
| | - Mengru Cui
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- China
| | - Wanying Ni
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- China
| | - Lijun Li
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- China
| | - Wenmin Liu
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- China
| | - Kun Xu
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- China
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33
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Meng Z, Feng C, Xu K. Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Formation of Carbon-Nitrogen Bonds. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202012013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Zuo HD, Ji XS, Guo C, Tu SJ, Hao WJ, Jiang B. Cu-Catalyzed radical-triggered spirotricyclization of enediynes and enyne-nitriles for the synthesis of pentacyclic spiroindenes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01640c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A new copper-catalyzed radical-triggered fluoromethylation-spirotricyclization of enediyne- and enyne-nitrile-containing para-quinone methides (p-QMs) was reported for the first time, and used to produce a series of hitherto unreported pentacyclic spiroindenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Dong Zuo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science
| | - Xiao-Shuang Ji
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Cheng Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
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35
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Liao J, Yang X, Ouyang L, Lai Y, Huang J, Luo R. Recent advances in cascade radical cyclization of radical acceptors for the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01453b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This review is devoted to highlighting main achievements in the development of cascade radical cyclization of radical acceptors for the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Lu Ouyang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yinlong Lai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shaoguan University
- Shaoguan 512005
- China
| | - Jiuzhong Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Renshi Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
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36
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Gore BS, Chiang CH, Lee CC, Shih YL, Wang JJ. De Novo Protocol for the Construction of Benzo[ a]fluorenes via Nitrile/Alkene Activation. Org Lett 2020; 22:7848-7852. [PMID: 33021802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Unprecedented chemo- and regioselective synthesis of benzo[a]fluorenes and naphthamide-substituted benzo[a]fluorenes were constructed from the reaction of (E)-2-aroyl-3-(2-(arylalkynes/alkenes)aryl)acrylonitrile scaffolds under metal-free conditions via the activation of nitriles and alkenes, respectively. A tentative reaction mechanism was proposed for this homofunctionalization of nitriles. Control experiments showed that the reaction proceeds via selective nitrile or alkene protonation, depending upon the substrates. Additionally, we demonstrated an alternative expeditious route for the synthesis of disubstituted benzo[a]fluorenes in the presence of TfOH alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babasaheb Sopan Gore
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shiquan First Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shiquan First Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Chein Chung Lee
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shiquan First Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lun Shih
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shiquan First Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Jeh-Jeng Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shiquan First Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou First Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
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37
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Wei HZ, Li QZ, Wei Y, Shi M. Rapid construction of cyclopenta[ b]naphthalene frameworks from propargylic alcohol tethered methylenecyclopropanes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7396-7400. [PMID: 32930310 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a new synthetic methodology for the rapid construction of cyclopenta[b]naphthalene frameworks from the reaction of propargylic alcohol tethered methylenecyclopropanes with mesyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine through cascade cyclization. The reaction can be performed under mild conditions without the use of transition metals, affording the target products in moderate to good yields, and this cyclization reaction process can be scaled up to a gram-scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Zhao Wei
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Quan-Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Min Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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38
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Sun K, Lei J, Liu Y, Liu B, Chen N. Electrochemically Enabled Intramolecular and Intermolecular Annulations of Alkynes. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anyang Normal University Anyang 455000 People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy Harbin University of Commerce Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Lei
- School of Pharmacy Harbin University of Commerce Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- School of Pharmacy Harbin University of Commerce Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Pharmacy Harbin University of Commerce Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- School of Pharmacy Harbin University of Commerce Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
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39
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Hu X, Nie L, Zhang G, Lei A. Electrochemical Oxidative [4+2] Annulation for the π‐Extension of Unfunctionalized Heterobiaryl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15238-15243. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Lei Nie
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Guoting Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
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40
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Hu X, Nie L, Zhang G, Lei A. Electrochemical Oxidative [4+2] Annulation for the π‐Extension of Unfunctionalized Heterobiaryl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Lei Nie
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Guoting Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
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41
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Gao Y, Wu Z, Yu L, Wang Y, Pan Y. Alkyl Carbazates for Electrochemical Deoxygenative Functionalization of Heteroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zhengguang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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42
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Gao Y, Wu Z, Yu L, Wang Y, Pan Y. Alkyl Carbazates for Electrochemical Deoxygenative Functionalization of Heteroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10859-10863. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zhengguang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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43
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Li J, Yang P, Xie X, Jiang S, Tao L, Li Z, Lu C, Liu W. Catalyst‐Free Electrosynthesis of Benzimidazolones through Intramolecular Oxidative C−N Coupling. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang‐Sheng Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Food EngineeringChangsha University of Science & Technology Changsha 410114 People's Republic of China
| | - Pan‐Pan Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Food EngineeringChangsha University of Science & Technology Changsha 410114 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin‐Yun Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Food EngineeringChangsha University of Science & Technology Changsha 410114 People's Republic of China
| | - Si Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Food EngineeringChangsha University of Science & Technology Changsha 410114 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Tao
- State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited Research Institute Changsha 410004 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi‐Wei Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Food EngineeringChangsha University of Science & Technology Changsha 410114 People's Republic of China
| | - Cui‐Hong Lu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Food EngineeringChangsha University of Science & Technology Changsha 410114 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei‐Dong Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for AgrochemicalsHunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry Changsha 410007 People's Republic of China
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44
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Hou Z, Xu H. Electrochemically Enabled Intramolecular Aminooxygenation of Alkynes
via
Amidyl Radical Cyclization. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong‐Wei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Hai‐Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
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45
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Magiera KM, Aryal V, Chalifoux WA. Alkyne benzannulations in the preparation of contorted nanographenes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2372-2386. [PMID: 32196052 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanographenes are a popular area of research due to their promising properties for electronics. Over the last twenty years there has been a significant increase in interest in the development of contorted nanographenes. While many top-down techniques are employed in the synthesis of these planar nanographenes, the use of alkynes in bottom-up syntheses allows for easy functionalization and the development of contorted nanographenes. The syntheses of contorted nanographenes with a focus on utilizing alkynes is reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie M Magiera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Vivek Aryal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Wesley A Chalifoux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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46
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Huang Y, Pi C, Cui X, Wu Y. Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C−H Alkenylation of Ferrocenecarboxylic Acid. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Huang
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan UniversitiesZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Pi
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan UniversitiesZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuling Cui
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan UniversitiesZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 People's Republic of China
| | - Yangjie Wu
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan UniversitiesZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 People's Republic of China
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47
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Shi Z, Wang L, Yang Z, Jie L, Liu X, Cui X. Tandem Construction of Indole-Fused Phthalazines from (2-Alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazines under Metal-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3029-3040. [PMID: 32031804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An efficient approach to invent diversely substituted indole-fused phthalazines from in situ formed (2-alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazines under metal-free conditions via selective radical cyclization has been developed. Notably, this 6-exo-dig addition-cyclization tandem procedure proceeds under air atmosphere and shows a broad substrate suitability, as well as avoids harmful byproducts, which complies with the concept of green synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Shi
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Zi Yang
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Lianghua Jie
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Xiuling Cui
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
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48
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Liu C, Jiang Q, Lin Y, Fang Z, Guo K. C- to N-Center Remote Heteroaryl Migration via Electrochemical Initiation of N Radical by Organic Catalyst. Org Lett 2020; 22:795-799. [PMID: 31922422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein an exogenous oxidant- and metal-free electrochemical heteroaryl migration triggered by N radicals to construct new N-C bonds was developed. This methodology features a high atom economy and utilization rate of energy, and it is insensitive to water and air. Moreover, a user-friendly undivided cell was employed. The use of an organic catalyst makes it more efficient, green, and practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Qiang Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Yang Lin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
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49
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Sen PP, Dagar N, Singh S, Roy VJ, Pathania V, Raha Roy S. Probing the versatility of metallo-electro hybrid catalysis: enabling access towards facile C–N bond formation. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8994-9017. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01874k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Metallo-electro catalysis has emerged as sustainable alternate to conventional transition metal methodologies. This review highlights the recent advances for the formation of C–N bonds by merging transition metal catalysis with electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Pratim Sen
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi
- India
| | - Neha Dagar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi
- India
| | - Swati Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi
- India
| | - Vishal Jyoti Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi
- India
| | - Vishali Pathania
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi
- India
| | - Sudipta Raha Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi
- India
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Bao X, Jiang W, Liang J, Huo C. One-electron oxidative dehydrogenative annulation and cyclization reactions. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00422g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the recent advances in one-electron oxidation involved oxidative dehydrogenative annulations and cyclizations for the intermolecular and intramolecular construction of valuable ring structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiazhen Bao
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Jia Liang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Congde Huo
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
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