1
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Kovács MM, Fritsch B, Lahn L, Bachmann J, Kasian O, Mayrhofer KJJ, Hutzler A, Dworschak D. Electrospun Iridium-Based Nanofiber Catalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Influence of Calcination on Activity-Stability Relation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:52179-52190. [PMID: 39293816 PMCID: PMC11450683 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
The enhanced utilization of noble metal catalysts through highly porous nanostructures is crucial to advancing the commercialization prospects of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). In this study, hierarchically structured IrOx-based nanofiber catalyst materials for acidic water electrolysis are synthesized by electrospinning, a process known for its scalability and ease of operation. A calcination study at various temperatures from 400 to 800 °C is employed to find the best candidates for both electrocatalytic activity and stability. Morphology, structure, phase, and chemical composition are investigated using a scale-bridging approach by SEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS to shed light on the structure-function relationship of the thermally prepared nanofibers. Activity and stability are monitored by a scanning flow cell (SFC) coupled with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). We evaluate the dissolution of all metals potentially incorporated into the final catalyst material throughout the synthesis pathway. Despite the opposite trend of performance and stability, the present study demonstrates that an optimum between these two aspects can be achieved at 600 °C, exhibiting values that are 1.4 and 2.4 times higher than those of the commercial reference material, respectively. The dissolution of metal contaminations such as Ni, Fe, and Cr remains minimal, exhibiting no correlation with the steps of the electrochemical protocol applied, thus exerting a negligible influence on the stability of the nanofibrous catalyst materials. This work demonstrates the scalability of electrospinning to produce nanofibers with enhanced catalyst utilization and their testing by SFC-ICP-MS. Moreover, it illustrates the influence of calcination temperature on the structure and chemical composition of the nanofibers, resulting in outstanding electrocatalytic performance and stability compared to commercial catalyst materials for PEMWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Márton Kovács
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for
Renewable Energy (IET-2), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemical
and Biological Engineering, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Birk Fritsch
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for
Renewable Energy (IET-2), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leopold Lahn
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for
Renewable Energy (IET-2), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Dynamic Electrocatalytic Interfaces, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julien Bachmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chemistry of Thin
Film Materials, IZNF, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olga Kasian
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for
Renewable Energy (IET-2), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Dynamic Electrocatalytic Interfaces, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl J. J. Mayrhofer
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for
Renewable Energy (IET-2), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemical
and Biological Engineering, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hutzler
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for
Renewable Energy (IET-2), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Dworschak
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for
Renewable Energy (IET-2), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Ferner KJ, Litster S. Composite Anode for PEM Water Electrolyzers: Lowering Iridium Loadings and Reducing Material Costs with a Conductive Additive. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2024; 7:8124-8135. [PMID: 39328828 PMCID: PMC11423428 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.4c01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
To enable the greater installed capacity of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) for clean hydrogen production, associated costs must be lowered while achieving high current density performance and durability. Scarce and expensive iridium (Ir) required for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a large contributor to the overall cost, yet high loadings of Ir (1-2 mgIr cm-2) are currently needed in commercial systems to maintain sufficient activity, conductivity, and durability. To meet the aggressive targets for low Ir loadings, we introduce a composite anode approach using a conductive additive that is less expensive than Ir to facilitate robust, high-performance operation with low Ir loading by retaining electrode thickness and in-plane electrical conductivity. In this demonstration, we use platinum (Pt) black as the conductive additive given its high electrical conductivity, acid stability, and current price one-fifth that of Ir. Using a high-activity commercial Ir oxide (IrO x ) catalyst, we present a 95% Ir loading reduction and 80% cost reduction of the anode catalyst materials while maintaining equal current density performance at a cell voltage of 1.8 V. Furthermore, we show enhanced stability of a composite anode compared to an IrO x anode with loadings of 0.10 mgIr cm-2 via accelerated stress test (AST) and postmortem imaging. With this approach, we show promising results toward lowering Ir loadings and material costs, addressing a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of PEMWE for clean hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara J. Ferner
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Shawn Litster
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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3
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Li J, Tian W, Li Q, Zhao S. Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Fundamental Understanding and Electrocatalysts Design. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202400239. [PMID: 38481084 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Water electrolysis driven by "green electricity" is an ideal technology to realize energy conversion and store renewable energy into hydrogen. With the development of proton exchange membrane (PEM), water electrolysis in acidic media suitable for many situations with an outstanding advantage of high gas purity has attracted significant attention. Compared with hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water electrolysis, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a kinetic sluggish process that needs a higher overpotential. Especially in acidic media, OER process poses higher requirements for the electrocatalysts, such as high efficiency, high stability and low costs. This review focuses on the acidic OER electrocatalysis, reaction mechanisms, and critical parameters used to evaluate performance. Especially the modification strategies applied in the design and construction of new-type electrocatalysts are also summarized. The characteristics of traditional noble metal-based electrocatalysts and the noble metal-free electrocatalysts developed in recent decades are compared and discussed. Finally, the current challenges for the most promising acidic OER electrocatalysts are presented, together with a perspective for future water electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, P.R. China
| | - Weichen Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shenlong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
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4
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Quan L, Jiang H, Mei G, Sun Y, You B. Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall and Hybrid Water Splitting. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3694-3812. [PMID: 38517093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic water splitting driven by renewable electricity has been recognized as a promising approach for green hydrogen production. Different from conventional strategies in developing electrocatalysts for the two half-reactions of water splitting (e.g., the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, HER and OER) separately, there has been a growing interest in designing and developing bifunctional electrocatalysts, which are able to catalyze both the HER and OER. In addition, considering the high overpotentials required for OER while limited value of the produced oxygen, there is another rapidly growing interest in exploring alternative oxidation reactions to replace OER for hybrid water splitting toward energy-efficient hydrogen generation. This Review begins with an introduction on the fundamental aspects of water splitting, followed by a thorough discussion on various physicochemical characterization techniques that are frequently employed in probing the active sites, with an emphasis on the reconstruction of bifunctional electrocatalysts during redox electrolysis. The design, synthesis, and performance of diverse bifunctional electrocatalysts based on noble metals, nonprecious metals, and metal-free nanocarbons, for overall water splitting in acidic and alkaline electrolytes, are thoroughly summarized and compared. Next, their application toward hybrid water splitting is also presented, wherein the alternative anodic reactions include sacrificing agents oxidation, pollutants oxidative degradation, and organics oxidative upgrading. Finally, a concise statement on the current challenges and future opportunities of bifunctional electrocatalysts for both overall and hybrid water splitting is presented in the hope of guiding future endeavors in the quest for energy-efficient and sustainable green hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Quan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Guoliang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Bo You
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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5
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Ospina-Acevedo F, Albiter LA, Bailey KO, Godínez-Salomón JF, Rhodes CP, Balbuena PB. Catalytic Activity and Electrochemical Stability of Ru 1-xM xO 2 (M = Zr, Nb, Ta): Computational and Experimental Study of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16373-16398. [PMID: 38502743 PMCID: PMC10995909 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
We use computations and experiments to determine the effect of substituting zirconium, niobium, and tantalum within rutile RuO2 on the structure, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mechanism and activity, and electrochemical stability. Calculated electronic structures altered by Zr, Nb, and Ta show surface regions of electron density depletion and accumulation, along with anisotropic lattice parameter shifts dependent on the substitution site, substituent, and concentration. Consistent with theory, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments show shifts in binding energies of O-2s, O-2p, and Ru-4d peaks due to the substituents. Experimentally, the substituted materials showed the presence of two phases with a majority phase that contains the metal substituent within the rutile phase and a second, smaller-percentage RuO2 phase. Our experimental analysis of OER activity shows Zr, Nb, and Ta substituents at 12.5 atom % induce lower activity relative to RuO2, which agrees with computing the average of all sites; however, Zr and Ta substitution at specific sites yields higher theoretical OER activity than RuO2, with Zr substitution suggesting an alternative OER mechanism. Metal dissolution predictions show the involvement of cooperative interactions among multiple surface sites and the electrolyte. Zr substitution at specific sites increases activation barriers for Ru dissolution, however, with Zr surface dissolution rates comparable to those of Ru. Experimental OER stability analysis shows lower Ru dissolution from synthesized RuO2 and Zr-substituted RuO2 compared to commercial RuO2 and comparable amounts of Zr and Ru dissolved from Zr-substituted RuO2, aligned with our calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ospina-Acevedo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Luis A. Albiter
- Materials
Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Kathleen O. Bailey
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State
University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | | | - Christopher P. Rhodes
- Materials
Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State
University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Perla B. Balbuena
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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6
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Marquez E, Keu KH, Nelson A, Lefler BM, May SJ, Tavassol H. Structural Evolution of Ultrathin SrFeO 3-δ Films during Oxygen Evolution Reaction Revealed by In Situ Electrochemical Stress Measurements. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2023; 6:11882-11889. [PMID: 38098872 PMCID: PMC10716856 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.3c01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the electrochemical stress analysis of SrFeO3-δ (SFO) films deposited on Au substrates during oxygen evolution reactions (OERs). Our in situ analysis of Au reveals conversion reactions from Au to Au(OH)3, AuOOH, and AuOx during the OER. Au reactions cause a monotonic compressive stress on surfaces assigned to the formation of Au hydroxides and oxides. Electrochemical stress analysis of SrFeO3-δ/Au shows a dramatically different behavior during the OER, which we attribute to structural evolutions and conversion reactions, such as the conversion of SFO to iron (oxy)hydroxides. Interestingly, electrochemical stress analysis of SrFeO3-δ/Au shows a tensile trend, which evolves with cycling history. Electrochemical stress analysis of SFO films before the onset of the OER shows in situ changes, which cause tensile stresses when cycling to 1.2 V. We attribute these stresses to the formation of Fe2+δOδ(OH)2-δ (0 ≤ δ ≤ 1.5)-type materials where δ approaches 1.5 at higher potentials. At potentials higher than 1.2 V and during OER, surface stress response is rather stable, which we assign to the full conversion of SFO to iron (oxy)hydroxides. This analysis provides insight into the reaction mechanism and details of in situ structural changes of iron perovskites during the OER in alkaline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Marquez
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
State University, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Kim Hong Keu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
State University, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Andrea Nelson
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, California State
University, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Lefler
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel
University, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Steven J. May
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel
University, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hadi Tavassol
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
State University, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
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7
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Zhang Y, Nie K, Yi L, Li B, Yuan Y, Liu Z, Huang W. Recent Advances in Engineering of 2D Materials-Based Heterostructures for Electrochemical Energy Conversion. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302301. [PMID: 37743245 PMCID: PMC10625098 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
2D materials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, layered double hydroxides, and MXene, have exhibited broad application prospects in electrochemical energy conversion due to their unique structures and electronic properties. Recently, the engineering of heterostructures based on 2D materials, including 2D/0D, 2D/1D, 2D/2D, and 2D/3D, has shown the potential to produce synergistic and heterointerface effects, overcoming the inherent restrictions of 2D materials and thus elevating the electrocatalytic performance to the next level. In this review, recent studies are systematically summarized on heterostructures based on 2D materials for advanced electrochemical energy conversion, including water splitting, CO2 reduction reaction, N2 reduction reaction, etc. Additionally, preparation methods are introduced and novel properties of various types of heterostructures based on 2D materials are discussed. Furthermore, the reaction principles and intrinsic mechanisms behind the excellent performance of these heterostructures are evaluated. Finally, insights are provided into the challenges and perspectives regarding the future engineering of heterostructures based on 2D materials for further advancements in electrochemical energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible ElectronicsXi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE)Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710129China
| | - Kunkun Nie
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible ElectronicsXi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE)Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710129China
| | - Lixin Yi
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible ElectronicsXi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE)Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710129China
| | - Binjie Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible ElectronicsXi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE)Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710129China
| | - Yanling Yuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible ElectronicsXi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE)Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710129China
| | - Zhengqing Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible ElectronicsXi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE)Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710129China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible ElectronicsXi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE)Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710129China
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8
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Lee SJ, Jang H, Lee DN. Recent advances in nanoflowers: compositional and structural diversification for potential applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5165-5213. [PMID: 37767032 PMCID: PMC10521310 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00163f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoscience and nanotechnology have emerged as promising fields in materials science. Spectroscopic techniques like scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy have revolutionized the characterization, manipulation, and size control of nanomaterials, enabling the creation of diverse materials such as fullerenes, graphene, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanorods, nanowires, nanoparticles, nanocones, and nanosheets. Among these nanomaterials, there has been considerable interest in flower-shaped hierarchical 3D nanostructures, known as nanoflowers. These structures offer advantages like a higher surface-to-volume ratio compared to spherical nanoparticles, cost-effectiveness, and environmentally friendly preparation methods. Researchers have explored various applications of 3D nanostructures with unique morphologies derived from different nanoflowers. The nanoflowers are classified as organic, inorganic and hybrid, and the hybrids are a combination thereof, and most research studies of the nanoflowers have been focused on biomedical applications. Intriguingly, among them, inorganic nanoflowers have been studied extensively in various areas, such as electro, photo, and chemical catalysis, sensors, supercapacitors, and batteries, owing to their high catalytic efficiency and optical characteristics, which arise from their composition, crystal structure, and local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Despite the significant interest in inorganic nanoflowers, comprehensive reviews on this topic have been scarce until now. This is the first review focusing on inorganic nanoflowers for applications in electro, photo, and chemical catalysts, sensors, supercapacitors, and batteries. Since the early 2000s, more than 350 papers have been published on this topic with many ongoing research projects. This review categorizes the reported inorganic nanoflowers into four groups based on their composition and structure: metal, metal oxide, alloy, and other nanoflowers, including silica, metal-metal oxide, core-shell, doped, coated, nitride, sulfide, phosphide, selenide, and telluride nanoflowers. The review thoroughly discusses the preparation methods, conditions for morphology and size control, mechanisms, characteristics, and potential applications of these nanoflowers, aiming to facilitate future research and promote highly effective and synergistic applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jung Lee
- Ingenium College of Liberal Arts (Chemistry), Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Korea
| | - Hongje Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Korea
| | - Do Nam Lee
- Ingenium College of Liberal Arts (Chemistry), Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Korea
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9
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Raman AS, Selloni A. Acid-Base Chemistry of a Model IrO 2 Catalytic Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7787-7794. [PMID: 37616464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Iridium oxide (IrO2) is one of the most efficient catalytic materials for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), yet the atomic scale structure of its aqueous interface is largely unknown. Herein, the hydration structure, proton transfer mechanisms, and acid-base properties of the rutile IrO2(110)-water interface are investigated using ab initio based deep neural-network potentials and enhanced sampling simulations. The proton affinities of the different surface sites are characterized by calculating their acid dissociation constants, which yield a point of zero charge in agreement with experiments. A large fraction (≈80%) of adsorbed water dissociation is observed, together with a short lifetime (≈0.5 ns) of the resulting terminal hydroxy groups, due to rapid proton exchanges between adsorbed H2O and adjacent OH species. This rapid surface proton transfer supports the suggestion that the rate-determining step in the OER may not involve proton transfer across the double layer into solution, as indicated by recent experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav S Raman
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Annabella Selloni
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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10
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Lee GR, Kim J, Hong D, Kim YJ, Jang H, Han HJ, Hwang CK, Kim D, Kim JY, Jung YS. Efficient and sustainable water electrolysis achieved by excess electron reservoir enabling charge replenishment to catalysts. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5402. [PMID: 37669945 PMCID: PMC10480199 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressing the oxidation of active-Ir(III) in IrOx catalysts is highly desirable to realize an efficient and durable oxygen evolution reaction in water electrolysis. Although charge replenishment from supports can be effective in preventing the oxidation of IrOx catalysts, most supports have inherently limited charge transfer capability. Here, we demonstrate that an excess electron reservoir, which is a charged oxygen species, incorporated in antimony-doped tin oxide supports can effectively control the Ir oxidation states by boosting the charge donations to IrOx catalysts. Both computational and experimental analyses reveal that the promoted charge transfer driven by excess electron reservoir is the key parameter for stabilizing the active-Ir(III) in IrOx catalysts. When used in a polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer, Ir catalyst on excess electron reservoir incorporated support exhibited 75 times higher mass activity than commercial nanoparticle-based catalysts and outstanding long-term stability for 250 h with a marginal degradation under a water-splitting current of 1 A cm-2. Moreover, Ir-specific power (74.8 kW g-1) indicates its remarkable potential for realizing gigawatt-scale H2 production for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Rac Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kim
- Hydrogen·Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 14-gil 5, Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Doosun Hong
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 14-gil 5, Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hanhwi Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeuk Jin Han
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, 55, Dobong-ro 76ga-gil, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul, 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Hwang
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 14-gil 5, Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghun Kim
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 14-gil 5, Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Hydrogen·Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 14-gil 5, Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Cai Z, Wang P, Zhao X, Bu X, Zhang J, Chen Y, Xu J, Yan Y, Chen A, Wang X. Ultralow-iridium content NiIr alloy derivative nanochain arrays as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17315-17323. [PMID: 37304768 PMCID: PMC10249465 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01845h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of low-cost and high-durability bifunctional electrocatalysts is of considerable importance for overall water splitting (OWS). This work reports the controlled synthesis of nickel-iridium alloy derivative nanochain array electrodes (NiIrx NCs) with fully exposed active sites that facilitated mass transfer for efficient OWS. The nanochains have a self-supported three-dimensional core-shell structure, composed of a metallic NiIrx core and a thin (5-10 nm) amorphous (hydr)oxide film as the shell (e.g., IrO2/NiIrx and Ni(OH)2/NiIrx). Interestingly, NiIrx NCs have bifunctional properties. Particularly, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) current density (electrode geometrical area) of NiIr1 NCs is four times higher than that of IrO2 at 1.6 V vs. RHE. Meanwhile, its hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) overpotential at 10 mA cm-2 (η10 = 63 mV) is comparable to that of 10 wt% Pt/C. These performances may originate from the interfacial effect between the surface (hydr)oxide shell and metallic NiIrx core, which facilitates the charge transfer, along with the synergistic effect between Ni2+ and Ir4+ in the (hydr)oxide shell. Furthermore, NiIr1 NCs exhibits excellent OER durability (100 h @ 200 mA cm-2) and OWS durability (100 h @ 500 mA cm-2) with the nanochain array structure well preserved. This work provides a promising route for developing effective bifunctional electrocatalysts for OWS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Cai
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 200093 Shanghai P. R. China
- Energy Materials Research Center Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 200050 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Energy Materials Research Center Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 200050 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Xianglong Zhao
- School of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University Jinan 250101 P. R. China
| | - Xiuming Bu
- Energy Materials Research Center Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 200050 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Energy Materials Research Center Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 200050 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Chen
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 200093 Shanghai P. R. China
- Energy Materials Research Center Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 200050 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Xu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 200093 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Ya Yan
- Energy Materials Research Center Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 200050 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Aiying Chen
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 200093 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Xianying Wang
- Energy Materials Research Center Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 200050 Shanghai P. R. China
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12
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Bornet A, Pittkowski R, Nielsen TM, Berner E, Maletzko A, Schröder J, Quinson J, Melke J, Jensen KMØ, Arenz M. Influence of Temperature on the Performance of Carbon- and ATO-supported Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts in a Gas Diffusion Electrode Setup. ACS Catal 2023; 13:7568-7577. [PMID: 37288094 PMCID: PMC10242686 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
State-of-the-art industrial electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under acidic conditions are Ir-based. Considering the scarce supply of Ir, it is imperative to use the precious metal as efficiently as possible. In this work, we immobilized ultrasmall Ir and Ir0.4Ru0.6 nanoparticles on two different supports to maximize their dispersion. One high-surface-area carbon support serves as a reference but has limited technological relevance due to its lack of stability. The other support, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), has been proposed in the literature as a possible better support for OER catalysts. Temperature-dependent measurements performed in a recently developed gas diffusion electrode (GDE) setup reveal that surprisingly the catalysts immobilized on commercial ATO performed worse than their carbon-immobilized counterparts. The measurements suggest that the ATO support deteriorates particularly fast at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bornet
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Pittkowski
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias M. Nielsen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Etienne Berner
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annabelle Maletzko
- Department
for Applied Electrochemistry, Fraunhofer-Institute
for Chemical Technology ICT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer Strasse 7, 76327 Pfinztal, Germany
| | - Johanna Schröder
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Quinson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biochemical
and Chemical Engineering Department, Aarhus
University, Åbogade 40, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julia Melke
- Department
for Applied Electrochemistry, Fraunhofer-Institute
for Chemical Technology ICT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer Strasse 7, 76327 Pfinztal, Germany
| | - Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Lin Y, Dong Y, Wang X, Chen L. Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Media. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210565. [PMID: 36521026 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The well-established proton exchange membrane (PEM)-based water electrolysis, which operates under acidic conditions, possesses many advantages compared to alkaline water electrolysis, such as compact design, higher voltage efficiency, and higher gas purity. However, PEM-based water electrolysis is hampered by the low efficiency, instability, and high cost of anodic electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this review, the recently reported acidic OER electrocatalysts are comprehensively summarized, classified, and discussed. The related fundamental studies on OER mechanisms and the relationship between activity and stability are particularly highlighted in order to provide an atomistic-level understanding for OER catalysis. A stability test protocol is suggested to evaluate the intrinsic activity degradation. Some current challenges and unresolved questions, such as the usage of carbon-based materials and the differences between the electrocatalyst performances in acidic electrolytes and PEM-based electrolyzers are also discussed. Finally, suggestions for the most promising electrocatalysts and a perspective for future research are outlined. This review presents a fresh impetus and guideline to the rational design and synthesis of high-performance acidic OER electrocatalysts for PEM-based water electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Lin
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Xuezhen Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo, 315000, China
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14
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Xie Y, Chang C, Luo F, Yang Z. Modulation in the d Band of Ir by Core-Shell Construction for Robust Water Splitting Electrocatalysts in Acid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20081-20088. [PMID: 36989036 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The realization of commercialization of proton electrolyte membrane water splitting technology significantly depends on the anodic electrocatalyst working at a high potential and strong acidic conditions requiring superior oxygen evolution reaction activity and stability. In this work, we devise the construction of ultrasmall Pd@Ir core-shell nanoparticles (5 nm) with atomic layer Ir (3 atomic layers) on carbon nanotubes (Pd@Ir/CNT) as an exceptional bifunctional electrocatalyst in acidic water splitting. Due to the core-shell structure, strain generated at heterointerfaces leads to an upshifted d band center of Ir atoms contributing to a 62-fold better mass activity at 1.63 V vs RHE than commercial IrO2; besides, the electronic hybridization suppresses the electrochemical dissolution of Ir; as a result, robust stability is also achieved. In hydrogen evolution reaction catalysis, Pd@Ir/CNT exhibits a 3.7 times higher mass activity than Pt/C. Furthermore, only 1.7 V is required to reach a water splitting current density of 100 mA cm-2, 251 mV lower than that of Pt/C-IrO2, indicating its superiority in acidic water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Xie
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, 388 Lumo RD, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chaofeng Chang
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, 388 Lumo RD, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fang Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Hubei New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China
| | - Zehui Yang
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, 388 Lumo RD, Wuhan 430074, China
- Zhejiang Institute, China University of Geosciences, Hangzhou 311305, P. R. China
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15
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Yang X, Wu Z, Xing Z, Yang C, Wang W, Yan R, Cheng C, Ma T, Zeng Z, Li S, Zhao C. IrPd Nanoalloy-Structured Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Efficient and pH-Universal Water Splitting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2208261. [PMID: 37012603 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The lack of high efficiency and pH-universal bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting to hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) hinders the large-scale production of green hydrogen. Here, an IrPd electrocatalyst supported on ketjenblack that exhibits outstanding bifunctional performance for both HER and OER at wide pH conditions is presented. The optimized IrPd catalyst exhibits a specific activity of 4.46 and 3.98 A mgIr -1 in the overpotential of 100 and 370 mV for HER and OER, respectively, in alkaline conditions. When applied to the anion exchange membrane electrolyzer, the Ir44 Pd56 /KB catalyst shows a stability of >20 h at a current of 250 mA cm-2 for water decomposition, indicating promising prospects for practical applications. Beyond offering an advanced electrocatalyst, this work also guides the rational design of desirable bifunctional electrocatalysts for HER and OER by regulating the microenvironments and electronic structures of metal catalytic sites for diverse catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zihe Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Xing
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chengdong Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Weiwen Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Rui Yan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Tian Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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16
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Clapp M, Zalitis C, Ryan M. Perspectives on Current and Future Iridium Demand and Iridium Oxide Catalysts for PEM Water Electrolysis. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.114140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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17
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Spark Ablation for the Fabrication of PEM Water Electrolysis Catalyst-Coated Membranes. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) electrolyzers represent a promising technology for sustainable hydrogen production, owing to their efficiency and load flexibility. However, the acidic nature of PEM demands the use of platinum-group metal-electrocatalysts. Apart from the associated high capital costs, the scarcity of Ir hinders the large-scale implementation of the technology. Since low-cost replacements for Ir are not available at present, there is an urgent need to engineer catalyst-coated membranes (CCMs) with homogeneous catalyst layers at low Ir loadings. Efforts to realize this mainly rely on the development of advanced Ir nanostructures with maximized dispersion via wet chemistry routes. This study demonstrates the potential of an alternative vapor-based process, based on spark ablation and impaction, to fabricate efficient and durable Ir- and Pt-coated membranes. Our results indicate that spark-ablation CCMs can reduce the Ir demand by up to five times compared to commercial CCMs, without a compromise in activity. The durability of spark-ablation CCMs has been investigated by applying constant and dynamic load profiles for 150 h, indicating different degradation mechanisms for each case without major pitfalls. At constant load, an initial degradation in performance was observed during the first 30 h, but a stable degradation rate of 0.05 mV h−1 was sustained during the rest of the test. The present results, together with manufacturing aspects related to simplicity, costs and environmental footprint, suggest the high potential of spark ablation having practical applications in CCM manufacturing.
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18
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Pu M, Guo Y, Guo W. Strain-mediated oxygen evolution reaction on magnetic two-dimensional monolayers. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1404-1410. [PMID: 36043388 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00318j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
By screening 56 magnetic 2D monolayers through first-principles calculations, it was found that 8 magnetic 2D monolayers (CoO2, FeO2, FeSe, FeTe, VS2, VSe2, VTe2 and CrSe2) can bind O*, OH* and OOH* intermediates of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), in which the overpotentials of CoO2, FeO2, VSe2, and VTe2 monolayers are 0.684, 1.107, 0.863 and 0.837 V, respectively. After applying suitable biaxial tensile strains, the overpotentials of CoO2, FeO2 and VTe2 monolayers are reduced over 40%. In particular, the overpotentials of CoO2 and VTe2 monolayers decrease to 0.372 V and 0.491 V under the biaxial tensile strains of 4.0% and 3.0%, respectively, which are comparable to the reported overpotentials of noble metal and low-dimensional materials. Tensile strains modify the potential determining step for the OER and enhance the catalytic activity of metal atoms of magnetic 2D monolayers. Magnetic 2D monolayers could be activated by strain engineering as catalysts for the OER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China.
| | - Yufeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China.
| | - Wanlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China.
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19
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Moriau L, Smiljanić M, Lončar A, Hodnik N. Supported Iridium-based Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts - Recent Developments. ChemCatChem 2022; 14:e202200586. [PMID: 36605357 PMCID: PMC9804445 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The commercialization of acidic proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE) is heavily hindered by the price and scarcity of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst, i. e. iridium and its oxides. One of the solutions to enhance the utilization of this precious metal is to use a support to distribute well dispersed Ir nanoparticles. In addition, adequately chosen support can also impact the activity and stability of the catalyst. However, not many materials can sustain the oxidative and acidic conditions of OER in PEMWE. Hereby, we critically and extensively review the different materials proposed as possible supports for OER in acidic media and the effect they have on iridium performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Moriau
- Department of Materials ChemistryNational Institute of ChemistryHajdrihova 191001LjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Milutin Smiljanić
- Department of Materials ChemistryNational Institute of ChemistryHajdrihova 191001LjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Anja Lončar
- Department of Materials ChemistryNational Institute of ChemistryHajdrihova 191001LjubljanaSlovenia
- University of Nova GoricaVipavska 135000Nova GoricaSlovenia
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Department of Materials ChemistryNational Institute of ChemistryHajdrihova 191001LjubljanaSlovenia
- University of Nova GoricaVipavska 135000Nova GoricaSlovenia
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20
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Controllable Construction of IrCo Nanoclusters and the Performance for Water Electrolysis. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12080914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding a suitable catalyst is an important research direction in hydrogen (H2) production from water electrolysis. We report a synthetic method to obtain IrxCo/C clusters by polyol reduction. The catalyst is small in size and can be evenly distributed. The Ir3Co/C cluster catalyst had very good activity under acidic conditions. The overpotential of the best-performing Ir3Co/C cluster for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is only 290 mV and 91 mV when 10 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2. The catalyst performance may be improved because of the synergistic effect and the small size of the prepared catalyst, which accelerates proton transfer. This approach offers a strategy to reduce costs while improving catalytic activity.
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21
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Huang H, Fu L, Kong W, Ma H, Zhang X, Cai J, Wang S, Xie Z, Xie S. Equilibrated PtIr/IrO x Atomic Heterojunctions on Ultrafine 1D Nanowires Enable Superior Dual-Electrocatalysis for Overall Water Splitting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201333. [PMID: 35419953 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dual-active-sites atomically coupled on ultrafine 1D nanowires (NWs) can offer synergic atomic heterojunctions (AHJs) and high atomic-utilization toward multipurpose and superior catalysis. Here, ≈2-nm-thick PtIr/IrOx hybrid NWs are elaborately synthesized with equilibrated Pt/IrOx AHJs as high-efficiency bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. Mechanism studies reveal the atomically coupled Pt-IrOx dual-sites are favorable for facilitating water dissociation, alleviating the binding of H* on Pt sites and inversely regulating the *OH adsorption and oxidation on bridge Ir-Ir sites. By simply equilibrating the Pt-IrOx ratio, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can be substantially accelerated. In particular, Pt-rich PtIr/IrOx -30 NWs attain 11-fold enhancements for HER compared to Pt/C in 1.0 m KOH, while IrOx -rich PtIr/IrOx -50 NWs express about five times mass activity referring to Ir/C for OER. Remarkably, the ratio-optimized PtIr/IrOx NWs electrode couple achieves a durably continuous H2 production under a substantially low cell voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpu Huang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Luhong Fu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Weiqiang Kong
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hairui Ma
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Center for the Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Junlin Cai
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shupeng Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhaoxiong Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shuifen Xie
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
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22
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Quinson J. Iridium and IrO x nanoparticles: an overview and review of syntheses and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 303:102643. [PMID: 35334351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Precious metals are key in various fields of research and precious metal nanomaterials are directly relevant for optics, catalysis, pollution management, sensing, medicine, and many other applications. Iridium based nanomaterials are less studied than metals like gold, silver or platinum. A specific feature of iridium nanomaterials is the relatively small size nanoparticles and clusters easily obtained, e.g. by colloidal syntheses. Progress over the years overcomes the related challenging characterization and it is expected that the knowledge on iridium chemistry and nanomaterials will be growing. Although Ir nanoparticles have been preferred systems for the development of kinetic-based models of nanomaterial formation, there is surprisingly little knowledge on the actual formation mechanism(s) of iridium nanoparticles. Following the impulse from the high expectations on Ir nanoparticles as catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction in electrolyzers, new areas of applications of iridium materials have been reported while more established applications are being revisited. This review covers different synthetic strategies of iridium nanoparticles and provides an in breadth overview of applications reported. Comprehensive Tables and more detailed topic-oriented overviews are proposed in Supplementary Material, covering synthesis protocols, the historical role or iridium nanoparticles in the development of nanoscience and applications in catalysis.
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23
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Hou Y, Lv J, Quan W, Lin Y, Hong Z, Huang Y. Strategies for Electrochemically Sustainable H 2 Production in Acid. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104916. [PMID: 35018743 PMCID: PMC8895139 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acidified water electrolysis with fast kinetics is widely regarded as a promising option for producing H2 . The main challenge of this technique is the difficulty in realizing sustainable H2 production (SHP) because of the poor stability of most electrode catalysts, especially on the anode side, under strongly acidic and highly polarized electrochemical environments, which leads to surface corrosion and performance degradation. Research efforts focused on tuning the atomic/nano structures of catalysts have been made to address this stability issue, with only limited effectiveness because of inevitable catalyst degradation. A systems approach considering reaction types and system configurations/operations may provide innovative viewpoints and strategies for SHP, although these aspects have been overlooked thus far. This review provides an overview of acidified water electrolysis for systematic investigations of these aspects to achieve SHP. First, the fundamental principles of SHP are discussed. Then, recent advances on design of stable electrode materials are examined, and several new strategies for SHP are proposed, including fabrication of symmetrical heterogeneous electrolysis system and fluid homogeneous electrolysis system, as well as decoupling/hybrid-governed sustainability. Finally, remaining challenges and corresponding opportunities are outlined to stimulate endeavors toward the development of advanced acidified water electrolysis techniques for SHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Hou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and EnergyFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou350117China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy StorageFuzhou350117China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High‐Field Superconducting Materials and EngineeringFuzhou350117China
| | - Jiangquan Lv
- College of Electronics and Information Science & Organic Optoelectronics Engineering Research Center of Fujian's UniversitiesFujian Jiangxia UniversityFuzhouFujian350108P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Quan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and EnergyFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou350117China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy StorageFuzhou350117China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High‐Field Superconducting Materials and EngineeringFuzhou350117China
| | - Yingbin Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and EnergyFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou350117China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy StorageFuzhou350117China
| | - Zhensheng Hong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and EnergyFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou350117China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy StorageFuzhou350117China
| | - Yiyin Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and EnergyFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou350117China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy StorageFuzhou350117China
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Li J, Gu X, Chang J, Wu D, Xu F, Jiang K, Gao Z. Molybdenum oxide-iron, cobalt, copper alloy hybrid as efficient bifunctional catalyst for alkali water electrolysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 606:1662-1672. [PMID: 34507166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and durable non-precious catalyst for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is pivotal for practical water electrolysis toward clean hydrogen fuel. Herein, a molybdenum oxide-FeCoCu alloy hybrid (MoOx-FeCoCu) catalyst was designed by polyoxometallate (POM) molecular cluster mediated solvothermal alcoholysis and ammonolysis of metal salts followed by pyrolytic reduction treatment. The HER efficiency is substantially enhanced by the ternary alloy component, which is more close to the benchmark Pt/C catalyst, and the HER catalytic stability is also superior to Pt/C catalyst. Moreover, the MoOx-FeCoCu demonstrates high catalytic efficiency and rather good durability for OER. Benefitted by the bifunctional catalytic behaviors for HER and OER, the symmetric water electrolyzer based on the MoOx-FeCoCu electrode requires a low driving voltage of 1.69 V to deliver a response current density of 10 mA cm-2, which is comparable to that based on the benchmark Pt/C HER cathode and RuO2 OER anode. The current work offers a feasible way to design efficient bifunctional catalyst for water electrolysis via POM mediated co-assembly and calcination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhou Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Henan Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Henan Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Jiuli Chang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Henan Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
| | - Dapeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environment Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Province, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Henan Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Fang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Henan Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environment Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Province, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Henan Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
| | - Zhiyong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Henan Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
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25
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Li L, Wang P, Shao Q, Huang X. Recent Progress in Advanced Electrocatalyst Design for Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004243. [PMID: 33749035 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers hold great significance for renewable energy storage and conversion. The acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one of the main roadblocks that hinder the practical application of PEM water electrolyzers. Highly active, cost-effective, and durable electrocatalysts are indispensable for lowering the high kinetic barrier of OER to achieve boosted reaction kinetics. To date, a wide spectrum of advanced electrocatalysts has been designed and synthesized for enhanced acidic OER performance, though Ir and Ru based nanostructures still represent the state-of-the-art catalysts. In this Progress Report, recent research progress in advanced electrocatalysts for improved acidic OER performance is summarized. First, fundamental understanding about acidic OER including reaction mechanisms and atomic understanding to acidic OER for rational design of efficient electrocatalysts are discussed. Thereafter, an overview of the progress in the design and synthesis of advanced acidic OER electrocatalysts is provided in terms of catalyst category, i.e., metallic nanostructures (Ir and Ru based), precious metal oxides, nonprecious metal oxides, and carbon based nanomaterials. Finally, perspectives to the future development of acidic OER are provided from the aspects of reaction mechanism investigation and more efficient electrocatalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Pengtang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qi Shao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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26
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Zhao X, Chang Y, Ji J, Jia J, Jia M. Ultradispersed Ir x Ni clusters as bifunctional electrocatalysts for high-efficiency water splitting in acid electrolytes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33179-33185. [PMID: 35497523 PMCID: PMC9042089 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06136d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Design and synthesis of electrocatalysts with high activity and low cost is an important challenge for water splitting. We report a rapid and facile synthetic route to obtain Ir x Ni clusters via polyol reduction. The Ir x Ni clusters show excellent activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic electrolytes. The optimized Ir2Ni/C clusters exhibit an electrochemical active area of 18.27 mF cm-2, with the overpotential of OER being 292 mV and HER being 30 mV at 10 mA cm-2, respectively. In addition, the Ir2Ni/C used as the cathode and anode for the H-type hydrolysis tank only needs 1.597 V cell voltages. The excellent electrocatalytic performance is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect between the metals and the ultra-fine particle size. This study provides a novel strategy that has a broad application for water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Inner Mongolia Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Environment Safety, Inner Mongolia Normal University Hohhot 010022 China
| | - Ying Chang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Inner Mongolia Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Environment Safety, Inner Mongolia Normal University Hohhot 010022 China
| | - Jiang Ji
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Inner Mongolia Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Environment Safety, Inner Mongolia Normal University Hohhot 010022 China
| | - Jingchun Jia
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Inner Mongolia Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Environment Safety, Inner Mongolia Normal University Hohhot 010022 China
| | - Meilin Jia
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Inner Mongolia Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Environment Safety, Inner Mongolia Normal University Hohhot 010022 China
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27
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Xiao L, Liang Y, Li Z, Wu S, Luo S, Sun H, Zhu S, Cui Z. Amorphous FeNiNbPC nanoprous structure for efficient and stable electrochemical oxygen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 608:1973-1982. [PMID: 34752978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a crucial process for water splitting. Reducing overpotential is a great challenge because of four electrons transfer and slow kinetics compared to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Highly efficient and stable OER catalyst with low-cost is important for industrial hydrogen production by water splitting. Here we report a simple approach to synthesize free-standing amorphous FexNi77-xNb3P13C7 with the nanoporous structure through electrochemical dealloying. The np-Fe50Ni27Nb3P13C7 exhibits remarkable OER catalytic activity with a low overpotential of 248 mV to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm-2 in 6 M KOH solution. Also, the np-Fe50Ni27Nb3P13C7 exhibits good long-term stability. The improved OER property is due to bimetallic synergy, decreased resistance of charge transfer, nanoporous structure, amorphous nature, and the generation of NiOOH during the OER process. The free-standing amorphous catalysts with nanoporous structure via electrodealloying method provide a promising approach to boost the performance of non-noble metal OER catalysts for the applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yanqin Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuiyuan Luo
- College of Chemistry Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Huaijun Sun
- Jiyang College of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhuji 311800, China.
| | - Shengli Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; College of Chemistry Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China.
| | - Zhenduo Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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28
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Zhao F, Wen B, Niu W, Chen Z, Yan C, Selloni A, Tully CG, Yang X, Koel BE. Increasing Iridium Oxide Activity for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction with Hafnium Modification. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15616-15623. [PMID: 34469132 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and implementation of highly active, stable, and affordable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a major challenge in developing energy efficient and economically viable energy conversion devices such as electrolyzers, rechargeable metal-air batteries, and regenerative fuel cells. The current benchmark electrocatalyst for OER is based on iridium oxide (IrOx) due to its superior performance and excellent stability. However, large scale applications using IrOx are impractical due to its low abundance and high cost. Herein, we report a highly active hafnium-modified iridium oxide (IrHfxOy) electrocatalyst for OER. The IrHfxOy electrocatalyst demonstrated ten times higher activity in alkaline conditions (pH = 11) and four times higher activity in acid conditions (pH = 1) than a IrOx electrocatalyst. The highest intrinsic mass activity of the IrHfxOy catalyst in acid conditions was calculated as 6950 A gIrOx-1 at an overpotential (η) of 0.3 V. Combined studies utilizing operando surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and DFT calculations revealed that the active sites for OER are the Ir-O species for both IrOx and IrHfxOy catalysts. The presence of Hf sites leads to more negative charge states on nearby O sites, shortening of the bond lengths of Ir-O, and lowers free energies for OER intermediates that accelerate the OER process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, New Jersey, 08544, United States
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, New Jersey, 08544, United States
| | - Wenhan Niu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, New Jersey, 08540, United States
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, New Jersey, 08540, United States
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, New Jersey, 08540, United States
| | - Annabella Selloni
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, New Jersey, 08544, United States
| | - Christopher G Tully
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, New Jersey, 08544, United States
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, New Jersey, 08540, United States
| | - Bruce E Koel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, New Jersey, 08540, United States
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29
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Covalently Bonded Ir(IV) on Conducted Blue TiO2 for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acid Media. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability of anode electrode has been a primary obstacle for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid media. We design Ir-oxygen of hydroxyl-rich blue TiO2 through covalent bonds (Ir–O2–2Ti) and investigate the outcome of favored exposure of different amounts of covalent Ir–oxygen linked to the conductive blue TiO2 in the acidic OER. The Ir-oxygen-blue TiO2 nanoclusters show a strong synergy in terms of improved conductivity and tiny amount usage of Ir by using blue TiO2 supporter, and enhanced stability using covalent Ir-oxygen-linking (i.e., Ir oxide) in acid media, leading to high acidic OER performance with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 342 mV, which is much higher than that of IrO2 at 438 mV in 0.1 M HClO4 electrolyte. Notably, the Ir–O2–2Ti has a great mass activity of 1.38 A/mgIr at an overpotential 350 mV, which is almost 27 times higher than the mass activity of IrO2 at the same overpotential. Therefore, our work provides some insight into non-costly, highly enhanced, and stable electrocatalysts for the OER in acid media.
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30
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Ayers K. High efficiency PEM water electrolysis: enabled by advanced catalysts, membranes, and processes. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Xie Y, Long X, Li X, Chang C, Qu K, Yang Z. The template synthesis of ultrathin metallic Ir nanosheets as a robust electrocatalyst for acidic water splitting. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8620-8623. [PMID: 34369486 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02349g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin metallic iridium nanosheets (∼4 nm) were synthesized using MIL-88A as the sacrificing template at room temperature. Ir-NS shows superior and stable water splitting performance in an acidic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Xie
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, 388 Lumo RD, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.
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32
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Escalera-López D, Czioska S, Geppert J, Boubnov A, Röse P, Saraçi E, Krewer U, Grunwaldt JD, Cherevko S. Phase- and Surface Composition-Dependent Electrochemical Stability of Ir-Ru Nanoparticles during Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Escalera-López
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Erlangen, Germany Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Czioska
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Janis Geppert
- Institute of Applied Materials-Electrochemical Technologies (IAM-ET), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexey Boubnov
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Philipp Röse
- Institute of Applied Materials-Electrochemical Technologies (IAM-ET), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Erisa Saraçi
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Krewer
- Institute of Applied Materials-Electrochemical Technologies (IAM-ET), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Erlangen, Germany Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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33
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Electrocatalysis for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Media: Progress and Challenges. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11104320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the efficiency-determining half-reaction process of high-demand, electricity-driven water splitting due to its sluggish four-electron transfer reaction. Tremendous effects on developing OER catalysts with high activity and strong acid-tolerance at high oxidation potentials have been made for proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), which is one of the most promising future hydrogen-fuel-generating technologies. This review presents recent progress in understanding OER mechanisms in PEMWE, including the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) and the lattice-oxygen-mediated mechanism (LOM). We further summarize the latest strategies to improve catalytic performance, such as surface/interface modification, catalytic site coordination construction, and electronic structure regulation of catalytic centers. Finally, challenges and prospective solutions for improving OER performance are proposed.
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34
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Liu D, Lv Q, Lu S, Fang J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Xue Y, Zhu W, Zhuang Z. IrCuNi Deeply Concave Nanocubes as Highly Active Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalyst in Acid Electrolyte. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:2809-2816. [PMID: 33733796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer can sustainably and environmentally friendly produce hydrogen. However, it is hindered by the lack of high-performance anode catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid electrolyte. Herein, IrCuNi deeply concave nanocubes (IrCuNi DCNCs) are successfully synthesized from the selective etching of the facet of cubic nanoparticles, and they significantly boost the OER. The obtained IrCuNi DCNCs show high activity toward OER in the acidic electrolyte, which only requires an overpotential of 273 mV to achieve the OER current density of 10 mA cm-2 at a low Ir loading of 6.0 μgIr cm-2. The precious metal based mass activity is 6.6 A mgIr-1 at 1.53 V, which is 19 times as high as that of pristine Ir. It demonstrates that the outstanding catalytic performance is beneficial from the well-defined multimetal concave nanostructures, which may shed light on the fabrication of efficient water electrolyzers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingqing Lv
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Siqi Lu
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinjie Fang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanrong Xue
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhongbin Zhuang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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35
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Ying Y, Godínez Salomón JF, Lartundo-Rojas L, Moreno A, Meyer R, Damin CA, Rhodes CP. Hydrous cobalt-iridium oxide two-dimensional nanoframes: insights into activity and stability of bimetallic acidic oxygen evolution electrocatalysts. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1976-1996. [PMID: 36133093 PMCID: PMC9419543 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts that have high activity, extended durability, and lower costs are needed to further the development and wide-scale adoption of proton-exchange membrane electrolyzers. In this work, we report hydrous cobalt-iridium oxide two-dimensional (2D) nanoframes exhibit higher oxygen evolution activity and similar stability compared with commercial IrO2; however, the bimetallic Co-Ir catalyst undergoes a significantly different degradation process compared with the monometallic IrO2 catalyst. The bimetallic Co-Ir 2D nanoframes consist of interconnected Co-Ir alloy domains within an unsupported, carbon-free, porous nanostructure that allows three-dimensional molecular access to the catalytically active surface sites. After electrochemical conditioning within the OER potential range, the predominately bimetallic alloy surface transforms to an oxide/hydroxide surface. Oxygen evolution activities determined using a rotating disk electrode configuration show that the hydrous Co-Ir oxide nanoframes provide 17 times higher OER mass activity and 18 times higher specific activity compared to commercial IrO2. The higher OER activities of the hydrous Co-Ir nanoframes are attributed to the presence of highly active surface iridium hydroxide groups. The accelerated durability testing of IrO2 resulted in lowering of the specific activity and partial dissolution of Ir. In contrast, the durability testing of hydrous Co-Ir oxide nanoframes resulted in the combination of a higher Ir dissolution rate, an increase in the relative contribution of surface iridium hydroxide groups and an increase in specific activity. The understanding of the differences in degradation processes between bimetallic and monometallic catalysts furthers our ability to design high activity and stability acidic OER electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Ying
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | | | - Luis Lartundo-Rojas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, UPALM Zacatenco CP 07738 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Ashley Moreno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Robert Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Craig A Damin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Christopher P Rhodes
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University San Marcos TX 78666 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University San Marcos TX 78666 USA
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36
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Rong Q, Du JS, Chen X, Liu Q, Dravid VP. A Bidirectional Nanomodification Approach for Synthesizing Hierarchically Architected Mixed Oxide Electrodes for Oxygen Evolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007287. [PMID: 33719180 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several transition-metal oxides and hydroxides based on earth-abundant elements, such as Fe, Ni, and Co, have emerged as a new generation of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts due to their low cost, favorable activity, and multifunctional behavior. However, the relatively complicated surface structuring methods, high Tafel slope, and low stability hinder their practical applications to replace the conventional Ir- and Ru-based catalysts. Herein, a strategy to construct hierarchically architected mixed oxides on conductive substrates (e.g., ITO and Ni foam) via a nanosheet (NS) deposition and subsequent bidirectional nanomodification approach, with metal salts in an aprotic polar solvent (e.g., acetone) as the primary modifying reactants is reported. This strategy is used to prepare NiO-based NSs with nanopores, nanobranches, or a combination of both, containing up to four transition metal elements. Record-low Tafel slope (22.3 mV·dec-1 , ≈lowest possible by computational predictions) and week-long continuous operation durability are achieved by FeMnNi-O NSs supported on Ni foams. Taken together, properly designed hierarchical mixed oxide electrodes may provide a cost-effective route to generating high, reliable, and stable OER catalytic activities, paving the way for both new electrocatalyst design and practical water-splitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Rong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Jingshan S Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xinqi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Qingju Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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37
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Dhawan H, Secanell M, Semagina N. State-of-the-Art Iridium-Based Catalysts for Acidic Water Electrolysis: A Minireview of Wet-Chemistry Synthesis Methods : Preparation routes for active and durable iridium catalysts. JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1595/205651321x16013966874707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing demand for clean hydrogen production, both as a fuel and an indispensable reagent for chemical industries, acidic water electrolysis has attracted considerable attention in academic and industrial research. Iridium is a well-accepted active and corrosion-resistant
component of catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, its scarcity demands breakthroughs in catalyst preparation technologies to ensure its most efficient utilisation. This minireview focusses on the wet-chemistry synthetic methods of the most active and (potentially) durable
iridium catalysts for acidic OER, selected from the recent publications in the open literature. The catalysts are classified by their synthesis methods, with authors’ opinion on their practicality. The review may also guide the selection of the state-of-the-art iridium catalysts for
benchmarking purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Dhawan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta 12th Floor, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, 9211 - 116 Street, NW Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9 Canada
| | - Marc Secanell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta 10-203 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, 9211 - 116 Street, NW Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9 Canada
| | - Natalia Semagina
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta 12th Floor, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, 9211 - 116 Street, NW Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9 Canada
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38
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Park S, Shviro M, Hartmann H, Besmehn A, Mayer J, Stolten D, Carmo M. Nickel Structures as a Template Strategy to Create Shaped Iridium Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13576-13585. [PMID: 33706507 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c23026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost, highly active, and highly stable catalysts are desired for the generation of hydrogen and oxygen using water electrolyzers. To enhance the kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction in an acidic medium, it is of paramount importance to redesign iridium electrocatalysts into novel structures with organized morphology and high surface area. Here, we report on the designing of a well-defined and highly active hollow nanoframe based on iridium. The synthesis strategy was to control the shape of nickel nanostructures on which iridium nanoparticles will grow. After the growth of iridium on the surface, the next step was to etch the nickel core to form the NiIr hollow nanoframe. The etching procedure was found to be significant in controlling the hydroxide species on the iridium surface and by that affecting the performance. The catalytic performance of the NiIr hollow nanoframe was studied for oxygen evolution reaction and shows 29 times increased iridium mass activity compared to commercially available iridium-based catalysts. Our study provides novel insights to control the fabrication of iridium-shaped catalysts using 3d transition metal as a template and via a facile etching step to steer the formation of hydroxide species on the surface. These findings shall aid the community to finally create stable iridium alloys for polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers, and the strategy is also useful for many other electrochemical devices such as batteries, fuel cells, sensors, and solar organic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongeun Park
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Electrochemical Process Engineering (IEK-14), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Meital Shviro
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Electrochemical Process Engineering (IEK-14), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Heinrich Hartmann
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics (ZEA-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Astrid Besmehn
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics (ZEA-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Joachim Mayer
- ER-C 2, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- GFE, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Detlef Stolten
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Techno-economic Systems Analysis (IEK-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Chair for Fuel Cells, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcelo Carmo
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Electrochemical Process Engineering (IEK-14), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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39
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Schröder J, Mints VA, Bornet A, Berner E, Fathi Tovini M, Quinson J, Wiberg GKH, Bizzotto F, El-Sayed HA, Arenz M. The Gas Diffusion Electrode Setup as Straightforward Testing Device for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer Catalysts. JACS AU 2021; 1:247-251. [PMID: 34467289 PMCID: PMC8395656 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen production from renewable resources and its reconversion into electricity are two important pillars toward a more sustainable energy use. The efficiency and viability of these technologies heavily rely on active and stable electrocatalysts. Basic research to develop superior electrocatalysts is commonly performed in conventional electrochemical setups such as a rotating disk electrode (RDE) configuration or H-type electrochemical cells. These experiments are easy to set up; however, there is a large gap to real electrochemical conversion devices such as fuel cells or electrolyzers. To close this gap, gas diffusion electrode (GDE) setups were recently presented as a straightforward technique for testing fuel cell catalysts under more realistic conditions. Here, we demonstrate for the first time a GDE setup for measuring the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of catalysts for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). Using a commercially available benchmark IrO2 catalyst deposited on a carbon gas diffusion layer (GDL), it is shown that key parameters such as the OER mass activity, the activation energy, and even reasonable estimates of the exchange current density can be extracted in a realistic range of catalyst loadings for PEMWEs. It is furthermore shown that the carbon-based GDL is not only suitable for activity determination but also short-term stability testing. Alternatively, the GDL can be replaced by Ti-based porous transport layers (PTLs) typically used in commercial PEMWEs. Here a simple preparation is shown involving the hot-pressing of a Nafion membrane onto a drop-cast glycerol-based ink on a Ti-PTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Schröder
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vladislav A. Mints
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aline Bornet
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Berner
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Fathi Tovini
- Chair
of Technical Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonathan Quinson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gustav K. H. Wiberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bizzotto
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hany A. El-Sayed
- Chair
of Technical Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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40
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Shi X, Zhu H, Du J, Cao L, Wang X, Liang HP. Directed assembly of ultrasmall nitrogen coordinated Ir nanoparticles for enhanced electrocatalysis. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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41
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Spöri C, Falling LJ, Kroschel M, Brand C, Bonakdarpour A, Kühl S, Berger D, Gliech M, Jones TE, Wilkinson DP, Strasser P. Molecular Analysis of the Unusual Stability of an IrNbO x Catalyst for the Electrochemical Water Oxidation to Molecular Oxygen (OER). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:3748-3761. [PMID: 33442973 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adoption of proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis technology on a global level will demand a significant reduction of today's iridium loadings in the anode catalyst layers of PEM electrolyzers. However, new catalyst and electrode designs with reduced Ir content have been suffering from limited stability caused by (electro)chemical degradation. This has remained a serious impediment to a wider commercialization of larger-scale PEM electrolysis technology. In this combined DFT computational and experimental study, we investigate a novel family of iridium-niobium mixed metal oxide thin-film catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), some of which exhibit greatly enhanced stability, such as minimized voltage degradation and reduced Ir dissolution with respect to the industry benchmark IrOx catalyst. More specifically, we report an unusually durable IrNbOx electrocatalyst with improved catalytic performance compared to an IrOx benchmark catalyst prepared in-house and a commercial benchmark catalyst (Umicore Elyst Ir75 0480) at significantly reduced Ir catalyst cost. Catalyst stability was assessed by conventional and newly developed accelerated degradation tests, and the mechanistic origins were analyzed and are discussed. To achieve this, the IrNbOx mixed metal oxide catalyst and its water splitting kinetics were investigated by a host of techniques such as synchrotron-based NEXAFS analysis and XPS, electrochemistry, and ab initio DFT calculations as well as STEM-EDX cross-sectional analysis. These analyses highlight a number of important structural differences to other recently reported bimetallic OER catalysts in the literature. On the methodological side, we introduce, validate, and utilize a new, nondestructive XRF-based catalyst stability monitoring technique that will benefit future catalyst development. Furthermore, the present study identifies new specific catalysts and experimental strategies for stepwise reducing the Ir demand of PEM water electrolyzers on their long way toward adoption at a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camillo Spöri
- Department of Chemistry, The Electrochemical Catalysis, Energy and Materials Science Laboratory, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenz J Falling
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Kroschel
- Department of Chemistry, The Electrochemical Catalysis, Energy and Materials Science Laboratory, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelius Brand
- Department of Chemistry, The Electrochemical Catalysis, Energy and Materials Science Laboratory, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arman Bonakdarpour
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the Clean Energy Research Center, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stefanie Kühl
- Department of Chemistry, The Electrochemical Catalysis, Energy and Materials Science Laboratory, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Berger
- Zentraleinrichtung Elektronenmikroskopie (ZELMI), Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Gliech
- Department of Chemistry, The Electrochemical Catalysis, Energy and Materials Science Laboratory, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Travis E Jones
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - David P Wilkinson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the Clean Energy Research Center, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Peter Strasser
- Department of Chemistry, The Electrochemical Catalysis, Energy and Materials Science Laboratory, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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42
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Meng L, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Jiang H, Kaneti YV, Na J, Yamauchi Y, Golberg D, Jiang H, Li C. Highly dispersed secondary building unit-stabilized binary metal center on a hierarchical porous carbon matrix for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1213-1219. [PMID: 33404029 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05941b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Restricting the aggregation and rationally adjusting the electronic structure of binary metal centers in metal-organic framework (MOF) precursors are important for optimizing their performance as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and achieving low overpotential and high stability in such applications. Herein, we demonstrate the possibility of enhancing the electrochemical activity of MOF-derived binary metal center catalysts by controlling the form of the Fe species. The introduction of Fe-SBU (iron 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid) into ZIF-67 is found to induce a distinct confinement effect and this can be exploited to improve the electroconductivity of binary metal center catalysts, and therefore, to reduce the OER reaction barrier (OOH* → O*). When applied as an OER catalyst in 1 M KOH solution, the Fe-SBU@Co-Matrix catalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 249 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and high stability for over 40 h. This work describes the secondary growth treatment of MOF-derived porous carbons to promote their application as catalysts in energy conversion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Meng
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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43
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Chen LW, Liang HW. Ir-based bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00650a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recent progress on Ir-based bifunctional electrocatalysts in enhancing the overall water splitting performance is reviewed mainly from the aspects of optimizing the composition and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Wei Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Hai-Wei Liang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
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44
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An L, Cai X, Shen S, Yin J, Jiang K, Zhang J. Dealloyed RuNiO x as a robust electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction in acidic media. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5124-5127. [PMID: 33881107 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00195g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report here the dealloying treatment on a RuNiOx catalyst for enhanced acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. Specifically, the dealloyed RuNiOx is capable of delivering a current density of 50 mA cm-2 at a low overpotential of 280 mV and demonstrates superior stability after 10 000 potential cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu An
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiyang Cai
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuiyun Shen
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiewei Yin
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China and Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of MOE, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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45
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Naito T, Shinagawa T, Nishimoto T, Takanabe K. Recent advances in understanding oxygen evolution reaction mechanisms over iridium oxide. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01465f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent spectroscopic and computational studies concerning the oxygen evolution reaction over iridium oxides are reviewed to provide the state-of-the-art understanding of its reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Naito
- Department of Chemical System Engineering
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shinagawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishimoto
- Department of Chemical System Engineering
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takanabe
- Department of Chemical System Engineering
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
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46
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Lee S, Baik C, Pak C. Ordered mesoporous ruthenium oxide with balanced catalytic activity and stability toward oxygen evolution reaction. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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47
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Islam J, Kim SK, Cho HS, Kim MJ, Cho WC, Kim CH. Preparation of boron-carbide-supported iridium nanoclusters for the oxygen evolution reaction. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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48
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Bele M, Jovanovič P, Marinko Ž, Drev S, Šelih VS, Kovač J, Gaberšček M, Koderman Podboršek G, Dražić G, Hodnik N, Kokalj A, Suhadolnik L. Increasing the Oxygen-Evolution Reaction Performance of Nanotubular Titanium Oxynitride-Supported Ir Nanoparticles by a Strong Metal–Support Interaction. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Bele
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Jovanovič
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Živa Marinko
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sandra Drev
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Simon Šelih
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Kovač
- Department of Surface Engineering and Optoelectronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miran Gaberšček
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gorazd Koderman Podboršek
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Goran Dražić
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anton Kokalj
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Suhadolnik
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction via facile bubble transport realized by three-dimensionally stack-printed catalysts. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4921. [PMID: 33004820 PMCID: PMC7529785 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite highly promising characteristics of three-dimensionally (3D) nanostructured catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), universal design rules for maximizing their performance have not been explored. Here we show that woodpile (WP)-structured Ir, consisting of 3D-printed, highly-ordered Ir nanowire building blocks, improve OER mass activity markedly. The WP structure secures the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) through enhanced utilization efficiency of the extended surface area of 3D WP catalysts. Moreover, systematic control of the 3D geometry combined with theoretical calculations and various electrochemical analyses reveals that facile transport of evolved O2 gas bubbles is an important contributor to the improved ECSA-specific activity. The 3D nanostructuring-based improvement of ECSA and ECSA-specific activity enables our well-controlled geometry to afford a 30-fold higher mass activity of the OER catalyst when used in a single-cell PEMWE than conventional nanoparticle-based catalysts. Improved design of three-dimensionally nanostructured catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can play a key role in maximizing the catalytic performance. Here, the authors show that woodpile-structured iridium consisting of 3D-printed, highly-ordered nanowire building blocks significantly improve OER mass activity.
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50
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Kang Z, Alia SM, Young JL, Bender G. Effects of various parameters of different porous transport layers in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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