1
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Rogge T, Zhou Q, Porter NJ, Arnold FH, Houk KN. Iron Heme Enzyme-Catalyzed Cyclopropanations with Diazirines as Carbene Precursors: Computational Explorations of Diazirine Activation and Cyclopropanation Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2959-2966. [PMID: 38270588 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism of cyclopropanations with diazirines as air-stable and user-friendly alternatives to commonly employed diazo compounds within iron heme enzyme-catalyzed carbene transfer reactions has been studied by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations of model systems, quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the iron carbene and the cyclopropanation transition state in the enzyme active site. The reaction is initiated by a direct diazirine-diazo isomerization occurring in the active site of the enzyme. In contrast, an isomerization mechanism proceeding via the formation of a free carbene intermediate in lieu of a direct, one-step isomerization process was observed for model systems. Subsequent reaction with benzyl acrylate takes place through stepwise C-C bond formation via a diradical intermediate, delivering the cyclopropane product. The origin of the observed diastereo- and enantioselectivity in the enzyme was investigated through MD simulations, which indicate a preferred formation of the cis-cyclopropane by steric control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Rogge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Qingyang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Nicholas J Porter
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Frances H Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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2
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Zhou XT, Yu HY, Li Y, Wu HB, Ji HB. Manganese porphyrin-mediated aerobic epoxidation of propylene with isoprene: A new strategy for simultaneously preparing propylene epoxide and isoprene monoxide. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Balhara R, Jindal G. Does an Enol Pathway Preclude High Stereoselectivity in Iron-Catalyzed Indole C-H Functionalization via Carbene Insertion? J Org Chem 2022; 87:7919-7933. [PMID: 35652604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
C-H functionalization of indoles via Fe carbenoids presents an attractive strategy to obtain biologically important structural motifs. However, obtaining good stereoselectivity with Fe has been a significant challenge. It is unclear whether the low selectivity is due to a radical pathway or an ionic mechanism involving metal-free species. We therefore present a density functional theory (DFT) study of indole alkylation with diazoacetates catalyzed by Fe(ClO4)TMEDA/spirobisoxazoline and myoglobin. We explore three mechanistic pathways: nucleophilic, radical, and oxocarbenium routes. The nucleophilic pathway is the most feasible with the formation of an enol species that tautomerizes to furnish the alkylated indole. While this mechanism is routinely proposed, the stereochemical model has been conspicuously absent until now. We show that the conventionally invoked enol pathway is not responsible for the low enantiomeric excess. The enol intermediate can stay coordinated to the catalyst via different binding sites placing the enol in proximity to the chiral environment and affecting the stereoselective proton transfer. Both the binding strength and the chiral environment are crucial for obtaining high selectivity. Our study provides the much needed insights for the modest-low selectivities of Fe systems and could help in expediting the discovery of an efficient catalytic system. These mechanistic underpinnings could also be applicable to other metal (Rh, Pd, Cu, etc.)-catalyzed X-H insertion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Balhara
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Garima Jindal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
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4
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Wang Z, Cheng J, Ding W, Wang D. C(sp3)–H Amination Catalyzed by Ir(Me)-Porphyrin: A Computational Study. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junhui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory for Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Multidisciplinary Initiative Center, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Wu Q, Wang G, Liu M. On the Sensitivity to Density-Functional Approximations for CO Binding Energies of Single-Atom Catalysts in Nitrogen-Doped Graphene. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202100787. [PMID: 35146865 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) methods are the working horse in screening new catalytic materials. They are widely used to predict trends in binding energies, which are then used to compare the activity of different materials. The binding strength of CO is an important descriptor to the CO2 reduction catalytic activity of the single transition metal atoms embedded on nitrogen-doped graphene (TM/NG). In this work, however, we show that CO binding strengths in different TM/NG has very different sensitivity to DFT methods. Specifically, Fe/NG CO binding energy changes dramatically with the percentage of exact exchange in the functional; Co/NG does less so, while Ni/NG nearly has no change. Such varying behaviors is a direct result of different local spin configurations, similar to the performance of DFT methods for metal porphyrin complexes. Therefore, caution should be exercised when using DFT binding energies for quantitative predictions in TM/NG single atom catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wu
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Guangjin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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6
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Prasad SS, Naidu BR, Hanafiah MM, Lakshmidevi J, Marella RK, Lakkaboyana SK, Venkateswarlu K. Porphyrin N-Pincer Pd(II)-Complexes in Water: A Base-Free and Nature-Inspired Protocol for the Oxidative Self-Coupling of Potassium Aryltrifluoroborates in Open-Air. Molecules 2021; 26:5390. [PMID: 34500823 PMCID: PMC8433652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalloporphyrins (and porphyrins) are well known as pigments of life in nature, since representatives of this group include chlorophylls (Mg-porphyrins) and heme (Fe-porphyrins). Hence, the construction of chemistry based on these substances can be based on the imitation of biological systems. Inspired by nature, in this article we present the preparation of five different porphyrin, meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), meso-tetra(p-anisyl)porphyrin (TpAP), tetrasodium meso-tetra(p-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TSTpSPP), meso-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (TmHPP), and meso-tetra(m-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TmCPP) as well as their N-pincer Pd(II)-complexes such as Pd(II)-meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (PdTPP), Pd(II)-meso-tetra(p-anisyl)porphyrin (PdTpAP), Pd(II)-tetrasodium meso-tetra(p-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (PdTSTpSPP), Pd(II)-meso-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (PdTmHPP), and Pd(II)-meso-tetra(m-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (PdTmCPP). These porphyrin N-pincer Pd(II)-complexes were studied and found to be effective in the base-free self-coupling reactions of potassium aryltrifluoroborates (PATFBs) in water at ambient conditions. The catalysts and the products (symmetrical biaryls) were characterized using their spectral data. The high yields of the biaryls, the bio-mimicking conditions, good substrate feasibility, evading the use of base, easy preparation and handling of catalysts, and the application of aqueous media, all make this protocol very attractive from a sustainability and cost-effective standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Siva Prasad
- Laboratory for Synthetic & Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516005, India; (S.S.P.); (B.R.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Bandameeda Ramesh Naidu
- Laboratory for Synthetic & Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516005, India; (S.S.P.); (B.R.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Marlia M. Hanafiah
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jangam Lakshmidevi
- Laboratory for Synthetic & Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516005, India; (S.S.P.); (B.R.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Ravi Kumar Marella
- Department of Chemistry, PACE Institute of Technology & Sciences, Ongole 523272, India;
| | | | - Katta Venkateswarlu
- Laboratory for Synthetic & Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516005, India; (S.S.P.); (B.R.N.); (J.L.)
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7
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Planas F, Costantini M, Montesinos-Magraner M, Himo F, Mendoza A. Combined Experimental and Computational Study of Ruthenium N-Hydroxyphthalimidoyl Carbenes in Alkene Cyclopropanation Reactions. ACS Catal 2021; 11:10950-10963. [PMID: 34504736 PMCID: PMC8419840 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A combined experimental-computational approach has been used to study the cyclopropanation reaction of N-hydroxyphthalimide diazoacetate (NHPI-DA) with various olefins, catalyzed by a ruthenium-phenyloxazoline (Ru-Pheox) complex. Kinetic studies show that the better selectivity of the employed redox-active NHPI diazoacetate is a result of a much slower dimerization reaction compared to aliphatic diazoacetates. Density functional theory calculations reveal that several reactions can take place with similar energy barriers, namely, dimerization of the NHPI diazoacetate, cyclopropanation (inner-sphere and outer-sphere), and a previously unrecognized migratory insertion of the carbene into the phenyloxazoline ligand. The calculations show that the migratory insertion reaction yields an unconsidered ruthenium complex that is catalytically competent for both the dimerization and cyclopropanation, and its relevance is assessed experimentally. The stereoselectivity of the reaction is argued to stem from an intricate balance between the various mechanistic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Montesinos-Magraner
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fahmi Himo
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abraham Mendoza
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Silva LDSD, Souza AAD, Sá É. Computational considerations on the mechanism and stereoselectivity in cyclopropanation reactions via iron-carbenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Balhara R, Chatterjee R, Jindal G. A computational approach to understand the role of metals and axial ligands in artificial heme enzyme catalyzed C-H insertion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9500-9511. [PMID: 33885085 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00412c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Engineered heme enzymes such as myoglobin and cytochrome P450s metalloproteins are gaining widespread importance due to their efficiency in catalyzing non-natural reactions. In a recent strategy, the naturally occurring Fe metal in the heme unit was replaced with non-native metals such as Ir, Rh, Co, Cu, etc., and axial ligands to generate artificial metalloenzymes. Determining the best metal-ligand for a chemical transformation is not a trivial task. Here we demonstrate how computational approaches can be used in deciding the best metal-ligand combination which would be highly beneficial in designing new enzymes as well as small molecule catalysts. We have used Density Functional Theory (DFT) to shed light on the enhanced reactivity of an Ir system with varying axial ligands. We look at the insertion of a carbene group generated from diazo precursors via N2 extrusion into a C-H bond. For both Ir(Me) and Fe systems, the first step, i.e., N2 extrusion is the rate determining step. Strikingly, neither the better ligand overlap with 5d orbitals on Ir nor the electrophilicity on the carbene centre play a significant role. A comparison of Fe and Ir systems reveals that a lower distortion in the Ir(Me)-porphyrin on moving from the reactant to the transition state renders it catalytically more active. We notice that for both metal porphyrins, the free energy barriers are affected by axial ligand substitution. Further, for Fe porphyrin, the axial ligand also changes the preferred spin state. We show that for the carbene insertion into the C-H bond, Fe porphyrin systems undergo a stepwise HAT (hydrogen atom transfer) instead of a concerted hydride transfer process. Importantly, we find that the substitution of the axial Me ligand on Ir to imidazole or chloride, or without an axial substitution changes the rate determining step of the reaction. Therefore, an optimum ligand that can balance the barriers for both steps of the catalytic cycle is essential. We subsequently used the QM cluster approach to delineate the protein environment's role and mutations in improving the catalytic activity of the Ir(Me) system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Balhara
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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10
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Sandler I, Chen J, Taylor M, Sharma S, Ho J. Accuracy of DLPNO-CCSD(T): Effect of Basis Set and System Size. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1553-1563. [PMID: 33560853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The DLPNO-CCSD(T) method is designed to study large molecular systems at significantly reduced cost relative to its canonical counterpart. However, the error in this approach is also size-extensive and relies on cancellation of errors for the calculation of relative energies. This work provides a direct comparison of canonical CCSD(T) and TightPNO DLPNO-CCSD(T) calculations of reaction energies and barriers of a broad range of chemical reactions. The dataset includes acidities, anion binding affinities, enolization, Diels-Alder, nucleophilic substitution, and atom transfer reactions and complements existing theoretical datasets in terms of system size as well as new reaction types (e.g., anion binding affinities and chlorine atom transfer reactions). The performance of DLPNO-CCSD(T) was further examined with respect to systematic variation of basis set and system size and amounts of nonbonded interaction present in the system. The errors in the DLPNO-CCSD(T) were found to be relatively insensitive to the choice of basis set for small systems but increase monotonically with system size. Additionally, calculations of barriers appear to be more challenging than reaction energies with errors exceeding 5 kJ mol-1 for many Diels-Alder reactions. Further tests on three realistic organic reactions reveal the impact of the DLPNO approximation in calculating absolute and relative barriers that are important for predictions such as stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isolde Sandler
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Junbo Chen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mackenzie Taylor
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shaleen Sharma
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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11
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Kim D, Pillon G, DiPrimio DJ, Holland PL. Highly Z-Selective Double Bond Transposition in Simple Alkenes and Allylarenes through a Spin-Accelerated Allyl Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3070-3074. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Guy Pillon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Daniel J. DiPrimio
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Patrick L. Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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12
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Xu X, Lu H, Luo G, Kang X, Luo Y. Theoretical insight into the opposite redox activity of iron complexes toward the ring opening polymerization of lactide and epoxide. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01306d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The origin of opposite reactivity in the ring-opening polymerization of lactide (LA) and cyclohexene oxide (CHO) catalyzed by redox-switchable bis(imino)pyridine iron complexes has been computationally elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Han Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Gen Luo
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- China
| | - Xiaohui Kang
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
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13
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Jin L, Wang Q, Chen X, Liu N, Fang X, Yang YF, She YB. Computational Studies on the Mechanism and Origin of the Different Regioselectivities of Manganese Porphyrin-Catalyzed C-H Bond Hydroxylation and Amidation of Equilenin Acetate. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14879-14889. [PMID: 33225704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The manganese porphyrin-catalyzed C-H bond hydroxylation and amidation of equilenin acetate developed by Breslow and his co-worker have been investigated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The hydroxylation of C(sp2)-H bond of equilenin acetate leading to the 6-hydroxylated product is more favorable than the hydroxylation of C(sp3)-H bond of equilenin acetate, leading to the 11β-hydroxylation product. The computational results suggest that the C(sp2)-H bond hydroxylation of equilenin acetate undergoes an oxygen-atom-transfer mechanism, which is more favorable than the C(sp3)-H bond hydroxylation undergoing the hydrogen-atom-abstraction/oxygen-rebound (HAA/OR) mechanism by 1.6 kcal/mol. That is why, the 6-hydroxylated product is the major product and the 11β-hydroxylated product is the minor product. In contrast, the 11β-amidated product is the only observed product in manganese porphyrin-catalyzed amidation reaction. The benzylic amidation undergoes a hydrogen-atom-abstraction/nitrogen-rebound (HAA/NR) mechanism, in which hydrogen atom abstraction is followed by nitrogen rebound, leading to the 11β-amidated product. The benzylic C(sp3)-H bond amidation at the C-11 position is more favorable than aromatic amidation at the C-6 position by 4.9 kcal/mol. Therefore, the DFT computational results are consistent with the experiments that manganese porphyrin-catalyzed C-H bond hydroxylation and amidation of equilenin acetate have different regioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Qunmin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiahe Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Ning Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiaoli Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yuan-Bin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
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14
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Musselman BW, Lehnert N. Bridging and axial carbene binding modes in cobalt corrole complexes: effect on carbene transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14881-14884. [PMID: 33174882 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07073d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Catalytically relevant intermediates in carbene transfer reactions from a diazo precursor were investigated using cobalt corrole complexes. Two divergent mechanisms are proposed depending on the oxidation state of the cobalt center. Mechanistically driven factors for the usage of cobalt corroles in carbene transfer reactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W Musselman
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Nicolai Lehnert
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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15
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Casali E, Gallo E, Toma L. An In-Depth Computational Study of Alkene Cyclopropanation Catalyzed by Fe(porphyrin)(OCH 3) Complexes. The Environmental Effects on the Energy Barriers. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11329-11336. [PMID: 32799510 PMCID: PMC8009515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Iron porphyrin methoxy complexes, of the general formula [Fe(porphyrin)(OCH3)], are able to catalyze the reaction of diazo compounds with alkenes to give cyclopropane products with very high efficiency and selectivity. The overall mechanism of these reactions was thoroughly investigated with the aid of a computational approach based on density functional theory calculations. The energy profile for the processes catalyzed by the oxidized [FeIII(Por)(OCH3)] (Por = porphine) as well as the reduced [FeII(Por)(OCH3)]- forms of the iron porphyrin was determined. The main reaction step is the same in both of the cases, that is, the one leading to the terminal-carbene intermediate [Fe(Por)(OCH3)(CHCO2Et)] with simultaneous dinitrogen loss; however, the reduced species performs much better than the oxidized one. Contrarily to the iron(III) profile in which the carbene intermediate is directly obtained from the starting reactant complex, the favored iron(II) process is more intricate. The initially formed reactant adduct between [FeII(Por)(OCH3)]- and ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) is converted into a closer reactant adduct, which is in turn converted into the terminal iron porphyrin carbene [Fe(Por)(OCH3)(CHCO2Et)]-. The two corresponding transition states are almost isoenergetic, thus raising the question of whether the rate-determining step corresponds to dinitrogen loss or to the previous structural and electronic rearrangement. The ethylene addition to the terminal carbene is a downhill process, which, on the open-shell singlet surface, presents a defined but probably short-living diradicaloid intermediate, though other spin-state surfaces do not show this intermediate allowing a direct access to the cyclopropane product. For the crucial stationary points, the more complex catalyst [Fe(2)(OCH3)], in which a sterically hindered chiral bulk is mounted onto the porphyrin, was investigated. The corresponding computational data disclose the very significant effect of the porphyrin skeleton on the reaction energy profile. Though the geometrical features around the reactive core of the system remain unchanged, the energy barriers become much lower, thus revealing the profound effects that can be exerted by the three-dimensional organic scaffold surrounding the reaction site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Casali
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Emma Gallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucio Toma
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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16
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Saito K, Watabe Y, Fujihara T, Takayanagi T, Hasegawa JY. Spin-inversion mechanisms in O 2 binding to a model heme complex revisited by density function theory calculations. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:1130-1138. [PMID: 32020659 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Spin-inversion mechanisms in O2 binding to a model heme complex, consisting of Fe(II)-porphyrin and imidazole, were investigated using density-functional theory calculations. First, we applied the recently proposed mixed-spin Hamiltonian method to locate spin-inversion structures between different total spin multiplicities. Nine spin-inversion structures were successfully optimized for the singlet-triplet, singlet-quintet, triplet-quintet, and quintet-septet spin-inversion processes. We found that the singlet-triplet spin-inversion points are located around the potential energy surface region at short Fe-O distances, whereas the singlet-quintet and quintet-septet spin-inversion points are located at longer Fe-O distances. This suggests that both narrow and broad crossing models play roles in O2 binding to the Fe-porphyrin complex. To further understand spin-inversion mechanisms, we performed on-the-fly Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics calculations. The reaction coordinates, which are correlated to the spin-inversion dynamics between different spin multiplicities, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yuya Watabe
- Department of Chemistry, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujihara
- Department of Chemistry, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takayanagi
- Department of Chemistry, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Jun-Ya Hasegawa
- Instituteof Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
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17
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Chen X, Wang Q, Shen H, Li G, Yang YF, She YB. Mechanism and stereoselectivity of benzylic C-H hydroxylation by Ru-porphyrin: a computational study. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:346-352. [PMID: 31845954 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02415h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism and origin of the stereoselectivity of asymmetric benzylic C-H hydroxylation by Ru-porphyrin were elucidated with density functional theory calculations. The reaction proceeds via a hydrogen-atom abstraction/oxygen-rebound pathway, wherein a high-valent ruthenium-oxo species abstracts a hydrogen atom from ethylbenzene to generate a radical pair intermediate, followed by the oxygen-rebound process to form 1-phenylethanol. The hydrogen-atom abstraction step is the rate- and stereoselectivity-determining step. Based on the mechanistic model, the computed stereoselectivity is in agreement with the experimental observations. Analysis of the distortion/interaction model suggests that stereoselectivity is determined by both the distortion energy of the ethylbenzene and the interaction energy between the ethylbenzene and the chiral Ru-porphyrin. The steric repulsion between the phenyl group of ethylbenzene and the bulky substituent of Ru-porphyrin is the leading cause of chiral induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiahe Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
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18
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Damiano C, Sonzini P, Gallo E. Iron catalysts with N-ligands for carbene transfer of diazo reagents. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4867-4905. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00221f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the catalytic activity of iron complexes of nitrogen ligands in driving carbene transfers towards CC, C–H and X–H bonds. The reactivity of diazo reagents is discussed as well as the proposed reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Sonzini
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milan
- Italy
| | - Emma Gallo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milan
- Italy
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19
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Liu Y, You T, Wang HX, Tang Z, Zhou CY, Che CM. Iron- and cobalt-catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions and their application in organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5310-5358. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the developments in iron and cobalt catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions with emphasis on their applications in organic synthesis, i.e. natural products and pharmaceuticals synthesis and/or modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Tingjie You
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Zhou Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
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20
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Cailler LP, Clémancey M, Barilone J, Maldivi P, Latour JM, Sorokin AB. Comparative Study of the Electronic Structures of μ-Oxo, μ-Nitrido, and μ-Carbido Diiron Octapropylporphyrazine Complexes and Their Catalytic Activity in Cyclopropanation of Olefins. Inorg Chem 2019; 59:1104-1116. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie P. Cailler
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon IRCELYON, UMR 5256, CNRS - Université Lyon 1, 2 avenue A. Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Martin Clémancey
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Jessica Barilone
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, CBM, Grenoble 38000, France
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Pascale Maldivi
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, CBM, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Jean-Marc Latour
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Alexander B. Sorokin
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon IRCELYON, UMR 5256, CNRS - Université Lyon 1, 2 avenue A. Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne cedex, France
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21
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2018. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Zhang Y. Computational Investigations of Heme Carbenes and Heme Carbene Transfer Reactions. Chemistry 2019; 25:13231-13247. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Stevens Institute of Technology 1 Castle Point on Hudson Hoboken NJ 07030 USA
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23
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Davethu PA, de Visser SP. CO2 Reduction on an Iron-Porphyrin Center: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6527-6535. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Davethu
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, the University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Sam P. de Visser
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, the University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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