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Castillo P, Foley BJ, Lee SR, McCulloch BJ, Bhuvanesh N, Ozerov OV. Synthesis of Os Hydride Complexes Supported by the Diarylamido/Bis(phosphine) PNP Ligand and Attempts at Using (PNP)Ru and (PNP)Os Complexes in C-H Borylation Catalysis. Organometallics 2024; 43:2944-2950. [PMID: 39610982 PMCID: PMC11600505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.4c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Revised: 10/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/30/2024]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the synthesis of Os complexes supported by the diarylamido/bis(phosphine) PNP pincer ligand. Compound (PNP)OsH(CO) (3-Os) was prepared by analogy with the previously reported 3-Ru. However, attempts to make (PNP)OsH3 (4-Os) analogously to 4-Ru resulted in the formation of an unexpected compound (5-Os) that is a product of addition of a BH3 unit across the Os-N bond in 4-Os. Nonetheless, 4-Os was prepared via an alternative route. Unlike 4-Ru, 4-Os appears to be a classical trihydride. Compounds 3-Ru, 3-Os, 4-Os, 4-Ru, and 5-Os were tested as potential catalysts for (a) dehydrogenative borylation of terminal alkynes (DHBTA) and (b) dehydrogenative borylation of benzene. No catalytic C-H borylation was observed for any of them, but all of them catalyzed unselective hydroboration of 4-MeC6H4CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | | | - Samuel R. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Billy J. McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Oleg V. Ozerov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77842, United States
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2
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Karmakar H, Kumar GS, Pal K, Chandrasekhar V, Panda TK. Tri-coordinated zinc alkyl complexes with N^ S/ Se coordination of imino-phosphanamidinate chalcogenide ligands as precursors for efficient hydroboration of nitriles and esters. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10592-10602. [PMID: 38855964 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00840e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A series of tri-coordinated zinc alkyl complexes with the general molecular formula [κ2NE-{NHIRP(Ph)(E)N-Dipp}ZnEt] [R = Dipp (2,6-diisopropylphenyl), E = S (3a), Se (3b) and R = tBu (tert-butyl), E = S (4a), Se (4b)] bearing imino-phosphanamidinate chalcogenide ligands were prepared in good yields from the reaction between the protic imino-phosphanamidinate chalcogenide ligand [NHIRP(Ph)(E)NH-Dipp] [R = Dipp, E = S (1a), Se (1b) and R = tBu, E = S (2a), Se (2b)] and diethylzinc at room temperature. The molecular structures of all the zinc complexes were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In the solid state, all complexes exhibited a distorted trigonal planar geometry around the zinc ion. Metal-chalcogenide (Zn-S/Se) interactions were observed in the coordination sphere. These zinc alkyl complexes were employed as pre-catalysts in the hydroboration reaction of nitriles and esters to obtain the corresponding N,N-diborylamines and boronate esters, respectively, under ambient conditions. A wide substrate scope of nitriles and esters is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Gobbilla Sai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Kuntal Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, 500107, Hyderabad, India.
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
| | - Tarun K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
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3
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Duran Arroyo V, Arevalo R. Tandem manganese catalysis for the chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective hydroboration of terminal alkynes: in situ precatalyst activation as a key to enhanced chemoselectivity. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5514-5523. [PMID: 38352676 PMCID: PMC10863604 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08747f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The manganese(ii) complex [Mn(iPrPNP)Cl2] (iPrPNP = 2,6-bis(diisopropylphosphinomethyl)pyridine) was found to catalyze the stereo- and regioselective hydroboration of terminal alkynes employing HBPin (pinacolborane). In the absence of in situ activators, mixtures of alkynylboronate and E-alkenylboronate esters were formed, whereas when NaHBEt3 was employed as the in situ activator, E-alkenylboronate esters were exclusively accessed. Mechanistic studies revealed a tandem C-H borylation/semihydrogenation pathway accounting for the formation of the products. Stoichiometric reactions hint toward reaction of a Mn-H active species with the terminal alkyne as the catalyst entry pathway to the cycle, whereas reaction with HBPin led to catalyst deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Duran Arroyo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California 5200 North Lake Road 95343 Merced California USA
| | - Rebeca Arevalo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California 5200 North Lake Road 95343 Merced California USA
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4
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Koop S, Mrózek O, Janiak L, Belyaev A, Putscher M, Marian CM, Steffen A. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Phosphorescence Properties of Trigonal Zn(II) Carbene Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:891-901. [PMID: 38118184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The sterically demanding N-heterocyclic carbene ITr (N,N'-bis(triphenylmethyl)imidazolylidene) was employed for the preparation of novel trigonal zinc(II) complexes of the type [ZnX2(ITr)] [X = Cl (1), Br (2), and I (3)], for which the low coordination mode was confirmed in both solution and solid state. Because of the atypical coordination geometry, the reactivity of 1-3 was studied in detail using partial or exhaustive halide exchange and halide abstraction reactions to access [ZnLCl(ITr)] [L = carbazolate (4), 3,6-di-tert-butyl-carbazolate (5), phenoxazine (6), and phenothiazine (7)], [Zn(bdt)(ITr)] (bdt = benzene-1,2-dithiolate) (8), and cationic [Zn(μ2-X)(ITr)]2[B(C6F5)4]2 [X = Cl (9), Br (10), and I (11)], all of which were isolated and structurally characterized. Importantly, for all complexes 4-11, the trigonal coordination environment of the ZnII ion is maintained, demonstrating a highly stabilizing effect due to the steric demand of the ITr ligand, which protects the metal center from further ligand association. In addition, complexes 1-3 and 8-11 show long-lived luminescence from triplet excited states in the solid state at room temperature, according to our photophysical studies. Our quantum chemical density functional theory/multireference configuration interaction (DFT/MRCI) calculations reveal that the phosphorescence of 8 originates from a locally excited triplet state on the bdt ligand. They further suggest that the phenyl substituents of ITr are photochemically not innocent but can coordinate to the electron-deficient metal center of this trigonal complex in the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Koop
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Ondřej Mrózek
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Lars Janiak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Andrey Belyaev
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Markus Putscher
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Christel M Marian
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, Dortmund 44227, Germany
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Mandal C, Joshi S, Das S, Mishra S, Mukherjee D. 2-Anilidomethylpyridine-Derived Three-Coordinate Zinc Hydride: The Journey Unveils Anilide Backbone's Reactive Nature. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:739-751. [PMID: 38127496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Low-coordinate heteroleptic zinc hydrides are catalytically important but rare and synthetically challenging. We herein report three-coordinate monomeric zinc hydride on a 2-anilidomethylpyridine framework (NNL). The synthetic success comes through systematically screening a few different routes from different precursors. During the process, the ligand's anilide backbone interestingly appears to be more reactive than Zn's terminal site to electrophilic Lewis and Brønsted acids. The proligand NNLH reacts with [Zn{N(SiMe3)2}2] and ZnEt2 to give [(NNL)ZnA] (A = N(SiMe3)2 (1), Et(2)). Both are inert to PhSiH3 and H2 but react with HBpin only through the internal Zn-Nanilide bond to give the borylated ligand NNLBpin (3). The reactions of 1 and 2 with Ph3EOH (E = C, Si) afford a series of divergent compounds like [(NNLH)Zn(OSiPh3)2] (4), [Zn3(OSiPh3)4Et2] (5), and [EtZn(OCPh3)] (6). But in all cases, it is invariably the Zn-Nanilide bond protonated by the -OH with equal or higher preference than the terminal Zn-N or Zn-C bonds. A DFT analysis rationalizes the origin of such a reactivity pattern. Realizing that an acid-free route might be the key, reacting [(NNL)Li] with ZnBr2 gives [(NNL)Zn(μ-Br)]2 (7), which on successively treating with KOSiPh3 and PhSiH3 gives the desired [(NNL)ZnH] (8) as a three-coordinate monomer with a terminal Zn-H bond. Estimating the ligand steric in 8 shows the openness in Zn's coordination sphere, a desired criterion for efficient catalysis. This and a positive influence of the pyridyl sidearm is reflected in 8's superior activity in hydroborating PhC(O)Me by HBpin in comparison to Jones' two-coordinate anilido zinc hydride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhotan Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Shalini Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjay Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sabyashachi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Debabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
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6
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Lou X, Lin J, Kwok CY, Lyu H. Stereoselective Unsymmetrical 1,1-Diborylation of Alkynes with a Neutral sp 2 -sp 3 Diboron Reagent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312633. [PMID: 37822069 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of two distinct boryl groups at the same carbon center in organic molecules has attracted growing research interest due to its potential for facilitating controlled, precise synthesis through stepwise dual carbon-boron bond transformations. Here we report a method to access unsymmetrical 1,1-diborylalkene (UDBA) stereoselectively via the reaction of readily available alkynes with a neutral sp2 -sp3 diboron reagent (NHC)BH2 -Bpin (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene). Attributing to the chemically easily distinguishable nature of the sp2 and sp3 boryl moieties, controllable stepwise derivatization of the resultant UDBAs is realized. This process leads to various multifunctionalized olefins and organoborons, such as acylboranes, which are difficult to prepare by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Lou
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiaxin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Yin Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hairong Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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7
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Jabłoński M. Halogen Bond to Experimentally Significant N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (I, IMe 2, I iPr 2, I tBu 2, IPh 2, IMes 2, IDipp 2, IAd 2; I = Imidazol-2-ylidene). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109057. [PMID: 37240403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The subjects of the article are halogen bonds between either XCN or XCCH (X = Cl, Br, I) and the carbene carbon atom in imidazol-2-ylidene (I) or its derivatives (IR2) with experimentally significant and systematically increased R substituents at both nitrogen atoms: methyl = Me, iso-propyl = iPr, tert-butyl = tBu, phenyl = Ph, mesityl = Mes, 2,6-diisopropylphenyl = Dipp, 1-adamantyl = Ad. It is shown that the halogen bond strength increases in the order Cl < Br < I and the XCN molecule forms stronger complexes than XCCH. Of all the carbenes considered, IMes2 forms the strongest and also the shortest halogen bonds with an apogee for complex IMes2⋯ICN for which D0 = 18.71 kcal/mol and dC⋯I = 2.541 Å. In many cases, IDipp2 forms as strong halogen bonds as IMes2. Quite the opposite, although characterized by the greatest nucleophilicity, ItBu2 forms the weakest complexes (and the longest halogen bonds) if X ≠ Cl. While this finding can easily be attributed to the steric hindrance exerted by the highly branched tert-butyl groups, it appears that the presence of the four C-H⋯X hydrogen bonds may also be of importance here. Similar situation occurs in the case of complexes with IAd2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Jabłoński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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8
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Ramachandran PV, Hamann HJ. Dehydroborylation of Terminal Alkynes Using Lithium Aminoborohydrides. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083433. [PMID: 37110669 PMCID: PMC10144115 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehydrogenative borylation of terminal alkynes has recently emerged as an atom-economical one-step alternative to traditional alkyne borylation methodologies. Using lithium aminoborohydrides, formed in situ from the corresponding amine-boranes and n-butyllithium, a variety of aromatic and aliphatic terminal alkyne substrates were successfully borylated in high yield. The potential to form mono-, di-, and tri-B-alkynylated products has been shown, though the mono-product is primarily generated using the presented condition. The reaction has been demonstrated at large (up to 50 mmol) scale, and the products are stable to column chromatography as well as acidic and basic aqueous conditions. Alternately, the dehydroborylation can be achieved by treating alkynyllithiums with amine-boranes. In that respect, aldehydes can act as starting materials by conversion to the 1,1-dibromoolefin and in situ rearrangement to the lithium acetylide.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Veeraraghavan Ramachandran
- Herbert C. Brown Center for Borane Research, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Henry J Hamann
- Herbert C. Brown Center for Borane Research, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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9
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Baker GJ, White AJP, Casely IJ, Grainger D, Crimmin MR. Catalytic, Z-Selective, Semi-Hydrogenation of Alkynes with a Zinc-Anilide Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7667-7674. [PMID: 36972405 PMCID: PMC10080692 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The reversible activation of dihydrogen with a molecular zinc anilide complex is reported. The mechanism of this reaction has been probed through stoichiometric experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The combined evidence suggests that H2 activation occurs by addition across the Zn-N bond via a four-membered transition state in which the Zn and N atoms play a dual role of Lewis acid and Lewis base. The zinc hydride complex that results from H2 addition has been shown to be remarkably effective for the hydrozincation of C═C bonds at modest temperatures. The scope of hydrozincation includes alkynes, alkenes, and a 1,3-butadiyne. For alkynes, the hydrozincation step is stereospecific leading exclusively to the syn-isomer. Competition experiments show that the hydrozincation of alkynes is faster than the equivalent alkene substrates. These new discoveries have been used to develop a catalytic system for the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes. The catalytic scope includes both aryl- and alkyl-substituted internal alkynes and proceeds with high alkene: alkane, Z:E ratios, and modest functional group tolerance. This work offers a first example of selective hydrogenation catalysis using zinc complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg J Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, White City, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, White City, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J Casely
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Damian Grainger
- Johnson Matthey, 28 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0FP, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, White City, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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10
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Ataie S, Lohoar M, Mangin LP, Baker RT. Coinage metal amido and thiolate SNS complexes: consequences of catalyst speciation in Cu(I)-catalysed carbonyl hydroboration. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4044-4046. [PMID: 36928477 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06077a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Three new IPr-Ag- and -Au-SNS amido and thiolate complexes were synthesized and compared to their previously reported Cu analogues as carbonyl hydroboration catalysts (IPr = bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene). Although these complexes showed no catalytic activity, treatment of the IPr-Ag-SNS amido complex with pinacolborane released the N-borylated ligand, SMeNBpinSMe, (L1-Bpin). This finding led us to reinvestigate the IPr-Cu-SNS amido precatalyst, revealing that immediate loss of L1-Bpin converts our catalyst system to [CuH(IPr)]2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ataie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Maxwell Lohoar
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Loïc P Mangin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - R Tom Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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11
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Grundy M, Sotorrios L, Bisai MK, Yuan K, Macgregor SA, Ingleson MJ. Understanding and Expanding Zinc Cation/Amine Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalyzed C-H Borylation. ACS Catal 2023; 13:2286-2294. [PMID: 36846822 PMCID: PMC9942201 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
[(NacNac)Zn(DMT)][B(C6F5)4], 1, (NacNac = {(2,6- i Pr2H3C6)N(CH3)C}2CH), DMT = N,N-dimethyl-4-toluidine), was synthesized via two routes starting from either (NacNac)ZnEt or (NacNac)ZnH. Complex 1 is an effective (pre)catalyst for the C-H borylation of (hetero)arenes using catecholborane (CatBH) with H2 the only byproduct. The scope included weakly activated substrates such as 2-bromothiophene and benzothiophene. Computational studies elucidated a plausible reaction mechanism that has an overall free energy span of 22.4 kcal/mol (for N-methylindole borylation), consistent with experimental observations. The calculated mechanism starting from 1 proceeds via the displacement of DMT by CatBH to form [(NacNac)Zn(CatBH)]+, D, in which CatBH binds via an oxygen to zinc which makes the boron center much more electrophilic based on the energy of the CatB-based LUMO. Combinations of D and DMT act as a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) to effect C-H borylation in a stepwise process via an arenium cation that is deprotonated by DMT. Subsequent B-H/[H-DMT]+ dehydrocoupling and displacement from the coordination sphere of zinc of CatBAr by CatBH closes the cycle. The calculations also revealed a possible catalyst decomposition pathway involving hydride transfer from boron to zinc to form (NacNac)ZnH which reacts with CatBH to ultimately form Zn(0). In addition, the key rate-limiting transition states all involve the base, thus fine-tuning of the steric and electronic parameters of the base enabled a further minor enhancement in the C-H borylation activity of the system. Outlining the mechanism for all steps of this FLP-mediated process will facilitate the development of other main group FLP catalysts for C-H borylation and other transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
E. Grundy
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Lia Sotorrios
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Milan Kumar Bisai
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kang Yuan
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A. Macgregor
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom,
| | - Michael J. Ingleson
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom,
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12
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Sahoo R, Patro AG, Sarkar N, Nembenna S. Comparison of Two Zinc Hydride Precatalysts for Selective Dehydrogenative Borylation of Terminal Alkynes: A Detailed Mechanistic Study. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:3452-3460. [PMID: 36713704 PMCID: PMC9878541 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The conjugated bis-guanidinate-stabilized zinc hydride complex (I)-precatalyzed chemoselective dehydroborylation of a wide array of terminal alkynes with excellent yields is reported. Further, precatalyst I is compared with a newly synthesized DiethylNacNac zinc hydride precatalyst (III) for selective dehydroborylation of terminal alkynes, and it is discovered that precatalyst I is more active than III. We have studied intra- and intermolecular chemoselective dehydroborylation of terminal alkynes over other reducible functionalities such as alkene, ester, isocyanide, nitro, and heterocycles. The highly efficient precatalyst I shows a turnover number of 48.5 and turnover frequency of up to 60.5 h-1 in the dehydroborylation of 1-ethynyl-4-fluorobenzene (1i). A plausible mechanism for selective dehydrogenative borylation of alkynes has been proposed based on active catalyst isolation and a series of stoichiometric reactions.
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13
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Dang Y, Jia C, Wang Y, Wang L, Li Y, Li Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc, Lithium and Magnesium Complexes Containing Pyrrolyl Ligands, and Utilization as Catalysts in Borylation of Aryl Iodides and Hydroboration of Aldehydes and Ketones. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202211038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
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14
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Ataie S, Baker RT. Comparing B-H Bond Activation in Ni IIX(NNN)-Catalyzed Nitrile Dihydroboration (X = Anionic N-, C-, O-, S-, or P-donor). Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19998-20007. [PMID: 36455067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
One of the key steps in many metal complex-catalyzed hydroboration reactions is B-H bond activation, which results in metal hydride formation. Anionic ligands that include multiple lone pairs of electrons, in cooperation with a metal center, have notable potential in redox-neutral B-H bond activation through metal-ligand cooperation. Herein, using an easily prepared NpyridineNimineNpyrrolide ligand (L2)-, a series of divalent NiIIX(NNN) complexes were synthesized, with X = bromide (2), phenoxide (3), thiophenoxide (4), 2,5-dimethylpyrrolide (5), diphenylphosphide (6), and phenyl (7). The complexes were characterized using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography and employed as precatalysts for nitrile dihydroboration. Superior activity of the phenoxy derivative (3) [vs thiophenoxy (4) or phenyl (7)] suggests that B-H bond activation occurs at the Ni-X (vs ligand Ni-Npyrrolide) bond. Furthermore, stoichiometric treatment of 2-7 with a nitrile showed no reaction, whereas stoichiometric reactions of 2-7 with pinacolborane (HBpin) gave the same Ni-H complex for 2, 3, and 5. Considering that only 2, 3, and 5 successfully catalyzed nitrile dihydroboration, we suggest that the catalytic cycle involves a conventional inner sphere pathway initiated by substrate insertion into Ni-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ataie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - R Tom Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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15
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Nature of Beryllium, Magnesium, and Zinc Bonds in Carbene⋯MX 2 (M = Be, Mg, Zn; X = H, Br) Dimers Revealed by the IQA, ETS-NOCV and LED Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314668. [PMID: 36498996 PMCID: PMC9738500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of beryllium−, magnesium− and zinc−carbene bonds in the cyclopropenylidene⋯MX2 (M = Be, Mg, Zn; X = H, Br) and imidazol-2-ylidene⋯MBr2 dimers is investigated by the joint use of the topological QTAIM-based IQA decomposition scheme, the molecular orbital-based ETS-NOCV charge and energy decomposition method, and the LED energy decomposition approach based on the state-of-the-art DLPNO-CCSD(T) method. All these methods show that the C⋯M bond strengthens according to the following order: Zn < Mg << Be. Electrostatics is proved to be the dominant bond component, whereas the orbital component is far less important. It is shown that QTAIM/IQA underestimates electrostatic contribution for zinc bonds with respect to both ETS-NOCV and LED schemes. The σ carbene→MX2 donation appears to be much more important than the MX2→ carbene back-donation of π symmetry. The substitution of hydrogen atoms by bromine (X in MX2) strengthens the metal−carbene bond in all cases. The physical origin of rotational barriers has been unveiled by the ETS-NOCV approach.
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16
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Gregori BJ, Schmotz MWS, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Stereoselective Semi-Hydrogenations of Alkynes by First-Row (3d) Transition Metal Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2022; 14:e202200886. [PMID: 36632425 PMCID: PMC9825939 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The chemo- and stereoselective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes is a fundamental transformation in synthetic chemistry, for which the use of precious 4d or 5d metal catalysts is well-established. In mankind's unwavering quest for sustainability, research focus has considerably veered towards the 3d metals. Given their high abundancy and availability as well as lower toxicity and noxiousness, they are undoubtedly attractive from both an economic and an environmental perspective. Herein, we wish to present noteworthy and groundbreaking examples for the use of 3d metal catalysts for diastereoselective alkyne semi-hydrogenation as we embark on a journey through the first-row transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard J. Gregori
- Dept. of ChemistryUniversity of HamburgMartin Luther King Pl 620146HamburgGermany
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17
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Zn-Catalyzed Regioselective and Chemoselective Reduction of Aldehydes, Ketones and Imines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012679. [PMID: 36293541 PMCID: PMC9604354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An operationally convenient Zn-catalyzed synthesis of alcohols by the reduction of aldehydes, ketones, and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones is reported. It is a rare example of using mild and sustainable HBpin as a reductant for catalytic reduction of carbonyl compounds in the absence of acid or base as hydrolysis reagent. The reaction is upscalable and proceeds in high selectivity without the formation of boronate ester by-products, and tolerates sensitive functionalities, such as iodo, bromo, chloro, fluoro, nitro, trifluoromethyl, aminomethyl, alkynyl, and amide. The Zn(OAc)2/HBpin combination has been also proved to be chemoselective for the C=N reduction of imine analogs.
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18
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Sherbow TJ, Li K, Zakharov LN, Pluth MD. Synthesis and reactivity of a tris(carbene) zinc chloride complex. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14563-14567. [PMID: 36074723 PMCID: PMC9673275 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02809c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The [PhB(tBuIm)3]1- ligand has gained increased attention since it was first reported in 2006 due to its ability to stabilize highly reactive first row transition metal complexes. In this work, we investigate the coordination chemistry of this ligand with redox-inert zinc to understand how a zinc metal center behaves in such a strong coordinating environment. The PhB(tBuIm)3ZnCl (1) complex can be formed via deprotonation of [PhB(tBuIm)3][OTf]2 followed by the addition of ZnCl2. Salt metathesis reaction with nucleophilic n-BuLi yields the highly carbon-rich zinc coordination complex PhB(tBuIm)3ZnBu (2) with three carbene atom donors and one carbanion donor. In contrast, reaction of complex 1 with a less nucleophilic polysulfide reagent, [K.18-C-6]2[S4], leads to the formation of a tetrahedral zinc tetrasulfido complex via protonation of one carbene donor to form PhB(tBuIm)2(tBuImH)Zn(κ2-S4) (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias J Sherbow
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, USA.
| | - Keyan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, USA.
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, USA.
| | - Michael D Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, USA.
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19
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de Frémont P, Adet N, Parmentier J, Xu X, Jacques B, Dagorne S. Cationic organometallic complexes of group 12 metals: A decade of progress toward the quest of novel Lewis acidic catalysts. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Son H. Doan
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nhan N. H. Ton
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15260, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Jabłoński M. On the Coexistence of the Carbene⋯H-D Hydrogen Bond and Other Accompanying Interactions in Forty Dimers of N-Heterocyclic-Carbenes (I, IMe 2, I iPr 2, I tBu 2, IMes 2, IDipp 2, IAd 2; I = imidazol-2-ylidene) and Some Fundamental Proton Donors (HF, HCN, H 2O, MeOH, NH 3). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175712. [PMID: 36080481 PMCID: PMC9457876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The subject of research is forty dimers formed by imidazol-2-ylidene (I) or its derivative (IR2) obtained by replacing the hydrogen atoms in both N-H bonds with larger important and popular substituents of increasing complexity (methyl = Me, iso-propyl = iPr, tert-butyl = tBu, phenyl = Ph, mesityl = Mes, 2,6-diisopropylphenyl = Dipp, 1-adamantyl = Ad) and fundamental proton donor (HD) molecules (HF, HCN, H2O, MeOH, NH3). While the main goal is to characterize the generally dominant C⋯H-D hydrogen bond engaging a carbene carbon atom, an equally important issue is the often omitted analysis of the role of accompanying secondary interactions. Despite the often completely different binding possibilities of the considered carbenes, and especially HD molecules, several general trends are found. Namely, for a given carbene, the dissociation energy values of the IR2⋯HD dimers increase in the following order: NH3< H2O < HCN ≤ MeOH ≪ HF. Importantly, it is found that, for a given HD molecule, IDipp2 forms the strongest dimers. This is attributed to the multiplicity of various interactions accompanying the dominant C⋯H-D hydrogen bond. It is shown that substitution of hydrogen atoms in both N-H bonds of the imidazol-2-ylidene molecule by the investigated groups leads to stronger dimers with HF, HCN, H2O or MeOH. The presented results should contribute to increasing the knowledge about the carbene chemistry and the role of intermolecular interactions, including secondary ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Jabłoński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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22
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Mohan B, Oh KH, Chan Park J, Yusuf M, Park KH, Youn B. A simple synthesis of surfactant-free polycrystalline CuO nanoparticles supported on carbon nanofibers for regioselective hydroboration of alkynes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:24998-25005. [PMID: 36199886 PMCID: PMC9434607 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04668g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) with a clean surface supported on carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in one-pot were prepared by simple solid-state grinding and aging followed by thermal treatment, yielding CuO nanoparticles with high (23.8 wt%) and uniform CuO loading in the absence of surfactants and solvent. The CuO NPs on CNFs (CuO/CNF) showed excellent catalytic activity in transforming a wide variety of alkynes into alkenyl boronates using B2Pin2 as a boron source in the absence of ligand and additives with high regioselectivity under mild conditions. Moreover, the present CuO/CNF catalyst was recyclable and possesses excellent chemoselectivity. The developed green synthetic approach is expected to offer exciting opportunities for designing monometallic or bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts on different supports applied in heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Mohan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University Busan 46241 Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science Madanapalle Chittoor 517 325 Andhra Pradesh India
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University Busan 46241 Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Oh
- Clean Fuel Research Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research Daejeon 34129 Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University 145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Ji Chan Park
- Clean Fuel Research Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research Daejeon 34129 Korea
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University Busan 46241 Korea
| | - Kang Hyun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University Busan 46241 Korea
| | - Buhyun Youn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University Busan 46241 Korea
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23
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Ataie S, Ovens JS, Tom Baker R. Solvent-free Zn (NSNO) complex-catalysed dihydroboration of nitriles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8266-8269. [PMID: 35788228 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03517k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-donors are the most commonly employed Lewis bases in ligand-assisted catalysis. A dimeric zinc complex (Zn-1) employing a tetradentate pyridine-thioether-anilido-aryloxide NSNO ligand (L) effects the quantitative conversion of nitriles to the corresponding double hydroborated products at 1 mol% catalyst loading. Variable Time Normalization Analysis kinetic studies showed a first-order dependence with respect to the nitrile, pinacolborane and zinc and clear evidence for catalyst deactivation. A plausible ligand-assisted reaction pathway involves B-H bond activation by the aryloxide (vs. anilido) donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ataie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey S Ovens
- Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - R Tom Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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24
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Li J, An M, Gao Z, Guo Y, Liu H, Zhao P, Bi X, Shi E, Xiao J. Organobase-catalyzed 1,1-diborylation of terminal alkynes under metal-free conditions. RSC Adv 2022; 12:16530-16534. [PMID: 35747526 PMCID: PMC9159348 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02638d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An organobase-catalyzed 1,1-diborylation of terminal alkynes from propargylic derivatives with bis(2,4-dimethylpentane-2,4-glycolato)diboron (B2oct2) is first reported, regioselectively providing 1,1-diborylalkene products with high efficiency. The catalytic pathway is well postulated on the basis of DFT calculations. An organobase-catalyzed 1,1-diborylation of terminal alkynes from propargylic derivatives with B2oct2 is first reported, providing 1,1-diborylalkene products with high efficiency. The catalytic pathway is well postulated on the basis of DFT calculations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Beijing P. R. China
| | - Min An
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering Zigong P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yongbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Beijing P. R. China
| | - Haibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Beijing P. R. China
| | - Peichao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Beijing P. R. China
| | - Enxue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Beijing P. R. China
| | - Junhua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Beijing P. R. China
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25
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Yang X, Ge S. Cobalt-Catalyzed 1,1,3-Triborylation of Terminal Alkynes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shaozhong Ge
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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26
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Jaiswal K, Groutchik K, Bawari D, Dobrovetsky R. An “On‐Demand”, Selective Dehydrogenative Borylation or Hydroboration of Terminal Alkynes Using Zn+2‐based Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roman Dobrovetsky
- Tel Aviv University School of Chemistry Tel Aviv University, Shenkar Chemistry building, room 105 69978 Tel Aviv ISRAEL
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27
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Marciniec B, Pietraszuk C, Pawluć P, Maciejewski H. Inorganometallics (Transition Metal-Metalloid Complexes) and Catalysis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:3996-4090. [PMID: 34967210 PMCID: PMC8832401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While the formation and breaking of transition metal (TM)-carbon bonds plays a pivotal role in the catalysis of organic compounds, the reactivity of inorganometallic species, that is, those involving the transition metal (TM)-metalloid (E) bond, is of key importance in most conversions of metalloid derivatives catalyzed by TM complexes. This Review presents the background of inorganometallic catalysis and its development over the last 15 years. The results of mechanistic studies presented in the Review are related to the occurrence of TM-E and TM-H compounds as reactive intermediates in the catalytic transformations of selected metalloids (E = B, Si, Ge, Sn, As, Sb, or Te). The Review illustrates the significance of inorganometallics in catalysis of the following processes: addition of metalloid-hydrogen and metalloid-metalloid bonds to unsaturated compounds; activation and functionalization of C-H bonds and C-X bonds with hydrometalloids and bismetalloids; activation and functionalization of C-H bonds with vinylmetalloids, metalloid halides, and sulfonates; and dehydrocoupling of hydrometalloids. This first Review on inorganometallic catalysis sums up the developments in the catalytic methods for the synthesis of organometalloid compounds and their applications in advanced organic synthesis as a part of tandem reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Marciniec
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Center
for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Poznań,
Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Cezary Pietraszuk
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Pawluć
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Center
for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Poznań,
Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Hieronim Maciejewski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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28
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Dagorne S, Guermazi R, Specklin D, Gourlaouen C, de Frémont P. Two‐coordinate NHC‐supported ZnII Organocations: Steric and Electronic tunability and use in Alkyne Hydroboration Catalysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Dagorne
- Universite de Strasbourg - CNRS Institut de Chimie- UMR 7177 1, rue blaise pascal 67000 Strasbourg FRANCE
| | - Refka Guermazi
- Université de Strasbourg: Universite de Strasbourg chemistry FRANCE
| | - David Specklin
- Université de Strasbourg: Universite de Strasbourg chemistry FRANCE
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29
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Correia Bicho BA, Guthardt R, Bruhn C, Großhennig D, Orth T, Pfeiffer F, Siemeling U. N
‐
tert
‐Alkyl‐Substituted N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes with a 1,1’‐Ferrocenediyl Backbone. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno A. Correia Bicho
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Robin Guthardt
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - David Großhennig
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Till Orth
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Florian Pfeiffer
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
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30
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Tang Q, Li SJ, Ye X, Yuan T, Zhao K, He Y, Shan C, Wojtas L, Richardson D, Lan Y, Shi X. Design and synthesis of stable four-coordinated benzotriazole-borane with tunable fluorescence emission. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5982-5987. [PMID: 35685813 PMCID: PMC9132079 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of stable four-coordinated benzotriazole-borane compounds was developed via gold-catalyzed alkyne hydroboration. The application of polymeric (BH2CN)n reagent gave the formation of cyano-amine-boranes (CAB) complexes with less basic N-heterocyclic amines and anilines. Various new CABs were investigated in catalytic hydroboration to synthesize N–B cycles. The 1,2,3-benzotriazoles were identified as the only feasible N-source, giving the four coordinated borane N–B cycles (BTAB) in excellent yields (up to 90%) with good functional group tolerability. This new class of polycyclic N–B compounds showed excellent stability toward acid, base, high temperature, and photo-irradiation. The facile synthesis, excellent stability, strong and tunable fluorescence emission make BTAB interesting new fluorescent probes for future chemical and biological applications. A new class of benzotriazole-boranes was developed via gold-catalyzed alkyne hydroboration. The facile synthesis, excellent stability, strong and tunable fluorescence emission make BTAB new fluorescent probes for chemical and biological applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiaohan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Teng Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Ying He
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Chuan Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - David Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
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31
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Ni C, Yu H, Liu L, Yan B, Zhang B, Ma X, Zhang X, Yang Z. An efficient catalytic method for the borohydride reaction of esters using diethylzinc as precatalyst. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03136a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cheap and easily available ZnEt2 is an effective precatalyst, which can be used for the hydroboration reaction of various organic carbonates and esters with HBpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congjian Ni
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ben Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bingyi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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32
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Luo M, Qin Y, Chen X, Xiao Q, Zhao B, Yao W, Ma M. ZnBr 2-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Borylation of Terminal Alkynes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16666-16674. [PMID: 34726924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The simple, commercially available ZnBr2 has been successfully employed as a highly efficient and chemoselective catalyst for the dehydrogenative borylation of terminal alkynes with HBpin under mild conditions. It shows a good tolerance toward various functional groups such as aryl, alkyl, heteroaryl, etc. The plausible reaction mechanism has been investigated based on the corresponding stoichiometric experiments and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Binlin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weiwei Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengtao Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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33
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Bose SK, Mao L, Kuehn L, Radius U, Nekvinda J, Santos WL, Westcott SA, Steel PG, Marder TB. First-Row d-Block Element-Catalyzed Carbon-Boron Bond Formation and Related Processes. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13238-13341. [PMID: 34618418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Organoboron reagents represent a unique class of compounds because of their utility in modern synthetic organic chemistry, often affording unprecedented reactivity. The transformation of the carbon-boron bond into a carbon-X (X = C, N, and O) bond in a stereocontrolled fashion has become invaluable in medicinal chemistry, agrochemistry, and natural products chemistry as well as materials science. Over the past decade, first-row d-block transition metals have become increasingly widely used as catalysts for the formation of a carbon-boron bond, a transformation traditionally catalyzed by expensive precious metals. This recent focus on alternative transition metals has enabled growth in fundamental methods in organoboron chemistry. This review surveys the current state-of-the-art in the use of first-row d-block element-based catalysts for the formation of carbon-boron bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Kumar Bose
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore-562112, India
| | - Lujia Mao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, 571199 Haikou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Laura Kuehn
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Nekvinda
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Stephen A Westcott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G8, Canada
| | - Patrick G Steel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Science Laboratories South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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34
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Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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35
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Zhang B, Zou Y, Wang L, Zhang H. Zinc catalysed C3-H borylation of indoles and 1,1-diboration of terminal alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11185-11188. [PMID: 34622253 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04497d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A low catalyst loading Zn(OTf)2-catalysed C3-H borylation of indoles with pinacolborane was developed. This transformation represents the use of an abundant, cheap and environmentally benign zinc catalyst in catalytic direct aromatic C-H borylation and offers a simple and prompt route towards the synthesis of C3-borylated indoles. The 1,1-diboration of terminal alkynes was also achieved using the same catalytic system to produce 1,1-diborylated alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China. .,College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Youliang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China. .,College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China. .,College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China. .,College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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36
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Jabłoński M. Theoretical Study of N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-ZnX 2 (X = H, Me, Et) Complexes. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14206147. [PMID: 34683739 PMCID: PMC8539904 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article discusses the properties of as many as 30 carbene–ZnX2 (X = H, Me, Et) complexes featuring a zinc bond C⋯Zn. The group of carbenes is represented by imidazol-2-ylidene and its nine derivatives (labeled as IR), in which both hydrogen atoms of N-H bonds have been substituted by R groups with various spatial hindrances, from the smallest Me, iPr, tBu through Ph, Tol, and Xyl to the bulkiest Mes, Dipp, and Ad. The main goal is to study the relationship between type and size of R and X and both the strength of C⋯Zn and the torsional angle of the ZnX2 plane with respect to the plane of the imidazol-2-ylidene ring. Despite the considerable diversity of R and X, the range of dC⋯Zn is quite narrow: 2.12–2.20 Å. On the contrary, D0 is characterized by a fairly wide range of 18.5–27.4 kcal/mol. For the smallest carbenes, the ZnX2 molecule is either in the plane of the carbene or is only slightly twisted with respect to it. The twist angle becomes larger and more varied with the bulkier R. However, the value of this angle is not easy to predict because it results not only from the presence of steric effects but also from the possible presence of various interatomic interactions, such as dihydrogen bonds, tetrel bonds, agostic bonds, and hydrogen bonds. It has been shown that at least some of these interactions may have a non-negligible influence on the structure of the IR–ZnX2 complex. This fact should be taken into account in addition to the commonly discussed R⋯X steric repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Jabłoński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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37
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Uzelac M, Yuan K, Nichol GS, Ingleson MJ. Formation of a hydride containing amido-zincate using pinacolborane. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14018-14026. [PMID: 34546250 PMCID: PMC8507400 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02580e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amido-zincates containing hydrides are underexplored yet potentially useful complexes. Attempts to access this type of zincate through combining amido-organo zincates and pinacolborane (HBPin) via Zn–C/H–BPin exchange led instead to preferential formation of amide–BPin and/or [amide–BPin(Y)]− (Y = Ph, amide, H), when the amide is hexamethyldisilazide or 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide and the hydrocarbyl group was phenyl or ethyl. In contrast, the use of a dipyridylamide (dpa) based arylzinc complex led to Zn–C/H–BPin metathesis being the major outcome. Independent synthesis and full characterisation of two LnLi[(dpa)ZnPh2] (L = THF, n = 3; L = PMDETA, n = 1) complexes, 1 and 3, respectively, enabled reactivity studies that demonstrated that these species display zincate type reactivity (by comparison to the lower reactivity of the neutral complex (Me-dpa)ZnPh2, 4, Me-dpa = 2,2′-dipyridyl-N-methylamine). This included 1 performing the rapid deprotonation of 4-ethynyltoluene and also phenyl transfer to α,α,α-trifluoroacetophenone in contrast to neutral complex 4. Complex 1 reacted with one equivalent of HBPin to give predominantly PhBPin (ca. 90%) and a lithium amidophenylzincate containing a hydride unit, complex 7-A, as the major zinc containing product. Complex 7-A transfers hydride to an electrophile preferentially over phenyl, indicating it reacts as a hydridozincate. Attempts to react 1 with >1 equivalent of HBPin or with catecholborane led to more complex outcomes, which included significant borane and dpaZn substituent scrambling, two examples of which were crystallographically characterised. While this work provides proof of principle for Zn–C/H–BPin exchange as a route to form an amido-zincate containing a hydride, amido-organozincates that undergo more selective Zn–C/H–BPin exchange still are required. Careful tuning of the nature of the amide ligand in amido-zincates allows for selective Zn–C over Zn–N exchange with HBPin affording a hydride containing amido-zincate. The mixed hydrido-phenyl zincate preferentially transfers hydride over phenyl.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uzelac
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Kang Yuan
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Gary S Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Michael J Ingleson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
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38
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Voloshkin VA, Tzouras NV, Nolan SP. Recent advances in the synthesis and derivatization of N-heterocyclic carbene metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12058-12068. [PMID: 34519733 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01847g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metal complexes have gained an incredible amount of attention in the course of the last two decades and have become indispensable as an intricate part of a plethora of applications. The areas of their synthesis and derivatization are constantly evolving and bring new, more sustainable, cost-effective and simpler approaches to the design of existing and next generation catalysts and materials. This article provides an overview of the latest developments, focusing on those which have appeared during the last two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav A Voloshkin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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39
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Willcox DR, De Rosa DM, Howley J, Levy A, Steven A, Nichol GS, Morrison CA, Cowley MJ, Thomas SP. Aluminium‐Catalyzed C(sp)−H Borylation of Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic R. Willcox
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Daniel M. De Rosa
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Jack Howley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Abigail Levy
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Alan Steven
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Technology and Development Macclesfield Campus Cheshire SK10 2NA UK
| | - Gary S. Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Carole A. Morrison
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Michael J. Cowley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Stephen P. Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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40
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Willcox DR, De Rosa DM, Howley J, Levy A, Steven A, Nichol GS, Morrison CA, Cowley MJ, Thomas SP. Aluminium-Catalyzed C(sp)-H Borylation of Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20672-20677. [PMID: 34107161 PMCID: PMC8518654 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Historically used in stoichiometric hydroalumination chemistry, recent advances have transformed aluminium hydrides into versatile catalysts for the hydroboration of unsaturated multiple bonds. This catalytic ability is founded on the defining reactivity of aluminium hydrides with alkynes and alkenes: 1,2‐hydroalumination of the unsaturated π‐system. This manuscript reports the aluminium hydride catalyzed dehydroborylation of terminal alkynes. A tethered intramolecular amine ligand controls reactivity at the aluminium hydride centre, switching off hydroalumination and instead enabling selective reactions at the alkyne C−H σ‐bond. Chemoselective C−H borylation was observed across a series of aryl‐ and alkyl‐substituted alkynes (21 examples). On the basis of kinetic and density functional theory studies, a mechanism in which C−H borylation proceeds by σ‐bond metathesis between pinacolborane (HBpin) and alkynyl aluminium intermediates is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic R Willcox
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Daniel M De Rosa
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Jack Howley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Abigail Levy
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Alan Steven
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Macclesfield Campus, Cheshire, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Gary S Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Carole A Morrison
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Michael J Cowley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Stephen P Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
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41
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Nandy S, Paul S, Das KK, Kumar P, Ghorai D, Panda S. Synthesis and reactivity of alkynyl boron compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7276-7297. [PMID: 34374405 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00465d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the last century, there have been considerable developments in organoboron chemistry due to the stability, non-toxicity, and easy commercial availability of various boronic esters. Several organoboron reagents have emerged and play an increasingly important role in everyday organic synthesis. Among them, alkynyl boron compounds have attracted significant attention due to their easy synthesis and diverse reactivity. In this review, we summarize the advancement of research on alkynyl boron compounds, highlighting their importance in the synthesis of valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumilee Nandy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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42
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Ritter F, McCabe KN, Maron L, Spaniol TP, Okuda J. Zinc hydride cation [ZnH]+ supported by TMPDA (TMPDA = N,N,N’,N’-tetramethylpropane-1,3-diamine). Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Idowu OO, Hayes JC, Reid WB, Watson DA. Synthesis of 1,1-Diboryl Alkenes Using the Boryl-Heck Reaction. Org Lett 2021; 23:4838-4842. [PMID: 34043367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1,1-diboryl alkenes from terminal alkenes is reported. 1,1-Regioselective addition is observed for both conjugated and unconjugated alkenes, allowing for a single method to prepare a wide range of 1,1-diboryl alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olamide O Idowu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jacob C Hayes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - William B Reid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Donald A Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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44
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Fu A, Zhao L, Li C, Luo M, Zeng X. Chromium-Catalyzed Borylative Coupling of Aliphatic Bromides with Pinacolborane by Hydrogen Evolution. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
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45
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Sahoo RK, Sarkar N, Nembenna S. Zinc Hydride Catalyzed Chemoselective Hydroboration of Isocyanates: Amide Bond Formation and C=O Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11991-12000. [PMID: 33638314 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a remarkable conjugated bis-guanidinate (CBG) supported zinc hydride, [{LZnH}2 ; L={(ArHN)(ArN)-C=N-C=(NAr)(NHAr); Ar=2,6-Et2 -C6 H3 }] (I) catalyzed partial reduction of heteroallenes via hydroboration is reported. A large number of aryl and alkyl isocyanates, including electron-donating and withdrawing groups, undergo reduction to obtain selectively N-boryl formamide, bis(boryl) hemiaminal and N-boryl methyl amine products. The compound I effectively catalyzes the chemoselective reduction of various isocyanates, in which the construction of the amide bond occurs. Isocyanates undergo a deoxygenation hydroboration reaction, in which the C=O bond cleaves, leading to N-boryl methyl amines. Several functionalities such as nitro, cyano, halide, and alkene groups are well-tolerated. Furthermore, a series of kinetic, control experiments and structurally characterized intermediates suggest that the zinc hydride species are responsible for all reduction steps and breaking the C=O bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajata Kumar Sahoo
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar, 752050, India
| | - Nabin Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar, 752050, India
| | - Sharanappa Nembenna
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar, 752050, India
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46
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Grundy ME, Yuan K, Nichol GS, Ingleson MJ. Zinc catalysed electrophilic C-H borylation of heteroarenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8190-8198. [PMID: 34194709 PMCID: PMC8208323 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01883c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic zinc Lewis acids catalyse the C-H borylation of heteroarenes using pinacol borane (HBPin) or catechol borane (HBCat). An electrophile derived from [IDippZnEt][B(C6F5)4] (IDipp = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) combined with N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMT) proved the most active in terms of C-H borylation scope and yield. Using this combination weakly activated heteroarenes, such as thiophene, were amenable to catalytic C-H borylation using HBCat. Competition reactions show these IDipp-zinc cations are highly oxophilic but less hydridophilic (relative to B(C6F5)3), and that borylation proceeds via activation of the hydroborane (and not the heteroarene) by a zinc electrophile. Based on DFT calculations this activation is proposed to proceed by coordination of a hydroborane oxygen to the zinc centre to generate a boron electrophile that effects C-H borylation. Thus, Lewis acid binding to oxygen sites of hydroboranes represents an under-developed route to access reactive borenium-type electrophiles for C-H borylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Grundy
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Kang Yuan
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Gary S Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Michael J Ingleson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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Chambenahalli R, Bhargav RM, McCabe KN, Andrews AP, Ritter F, Okuda J, Maron L, Venugopal A. Cationic Zinc Hydride Catalyzed Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Formate: Deciphering Elementary Reactions, Isolation of Intermediates, and Computational Investigations. Chemistry 2021; 27:7391-7401. [PMID: 33459452 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc has been an element of choice for carbon dioxide reduction in recent years. Zinc compounds have been showcased as catalysts for carbon dioxide hydrosilylation and hydroboration. The extent of carbon dioxide reduction can depend on various factors, including electrophilicity at the zinc center and the denticity of the ancillary ligands. In a few cases, the addition of Lewis acids to zinc hydride catalysts markedly influences carbon dioxide reduction. These factors have been investigated by exploring elementary reactions of carbon dioxide hydrosilylation and hydroboration by using cationic zinc hydrides bearing tetradentate tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine and tridentate N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine in the presence of triphenylborane and tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Chambenahalli
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - R M Bhargav
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Karl N McCabe
- LPCNO, UMR 5215, Université de Toulouse-CNRS, INSA, UPS, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Alex P Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Florian Ritter
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, UMR 5215, Université de Toulouse-CNRS, INSA, UPS, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
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Zinc Hydride Catalyzed Chemoselective Hydroboration of Isocyanates: Amide Bond Formation and C=O Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Specklin D, Fliedel C, Dagorne S. Recent Representative Advances on the Synthesis and Reactivity of N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Supported Zinc Complexes. CHEM REC 2021; 21:1130-1143. [PMID: 33792152 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present account reviews the most recent noteworthy developments on the synthesis, structure and catalytic applications of Zn-NHC species, a class of complexes that have attracted attention over the past five to ten years due to their enhanced robustness and hydrolytic stability versus classical Zn organometallics. In particular, thanks to NHC stabilization, access to unprecedented Zn species were recently achieved, including two-coordinate Zn(II) organocations and thermally stable molecularly well-defined Zn hydride species, opening the way to effective Zn-mediated hydro-silylation/-boration catalysis of various unsaturated substrates under mild conditions. The potential of NHC-Zn species for the stabilization of unprecedented Zn species and use in various catalytic applications is only emerging and the vast array of readily available NHC structures should promote future developments of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Specklin
- Institut de Chimie (UMR CNRS 7177), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe Fliedel
- Institut de Chimie (UMR CNRS 7177), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Samuel Dagorne
- Institut de Chimie (UMR CNRS 7177), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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Hung MU, Press LP, Bhuvanesh N, Ozerov OV. Examination of a Series of Ir and Rh PXL Pincer Complexes as (Pre)catalysts for Aromatic C–H Borylation. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Uei Hung
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Loren P. Press
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Oleg V. Ozerov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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