1
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Xu E, Xie F, Liu T, He J, Zhang Y. Photocatalytic, Oxidative Cleavage of C-C Bond in Lignin Models and Native Lignin. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304209. [PMID: 38372165 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
It is challenging to realize the selective C-C bond cleavage of lignin β-O-4 linkages for production of high-value aromatic chemicals due to its intrinsic inertness and complex structure. Here we report a light-driven, chlorine-radical-based protocol to realize the oxidative C-C bond cleavage in various lignin model compounds catalyzed by commercially available TPT and CaCl2, achieving high conversion and good to high product yields at room temperature. Mechanistic studies reveal that the preferential activation of Cβ-H bond facilitates the oxidation and C-C bond cleavage of lignin β-O-4 model via chlorine radical. Furthermore, this method is also applicable to the depolymerization of natural lignin extracts, furnishing the aromatic oxygenates from the cleavage of Cα-Cβ bonds. This study provides experimental foundations to the depolymerization and valorization of lignin into high value-added aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Fuyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tianwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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2
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Borthakur I, Joshi A, Kumari S, Kundu S. Metal-Free Visible-Light Induced Oxidative Cleavage of C(sp 3 )-C, and C(sp 3 )-N Bonds of Nitriles, Alcohols, and Amines. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303295. [PMID: 38116901 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Selective cleavage of unstrained (sp3 ) C-C/ C-N bonds under mild conditions is highly challenging due to the higher bond dissociation energy. A visible light mediated metal-free oxidative dehomologation of aryl acetonitriles, primary alcohols and diols to carboxylic acids via organophotocatalyzed C(sp3 )-CN, C(sp3 )-C(OH) bond cleavage is reported. Notably, this methodology was further extended towards selective synthesis of aldehydes via deamination of both primary as well as secondary amines. This mild protocol features wide array of substrate variation with excellent functional group tolerance, preparative-scale synthesis, and operational simplicity. Possible mechanisms for these transformations were demonstrated through a series of control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Borthakur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, 208016
| | - Abhisek Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, 208016
| | - Saloni Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, 208016
| | - Sabuj Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, 208016
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3
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Zhu R, Mao C, Gao F, Guo Z, Li M, Xin Y, Gu Z, Zhang L. Catalytic Cleavage of the C-O Bonds in Lignin and Lignin Model Compounds by Metal Triflate Catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301743. [PMID: 38206879 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The effective cleavage of C-O bonds in linkages of lignin was one of the significant strategies promoting lignin valorization. Herein, the strategy of C-O bonds cleavage of lignin using metal triflate as the catalyst was developed. The carboxylic acid or alcohol could be used as the nucleophile to stabilize the reactive intermediates formed during the depolymerization of lignin, and the corresponding ester/ether compounds could be obtained. This catalytic system was suitable for the C-O bond cleavage in α-O-4 and β-O-4 linkages with excellent efficiency. Additionally, reaction conditions were optimized. The reaction mixture was detected by 1 H NMR, and no other byproducts were found. As for treated lignin samples, the cleavage of C-O bonds in linkages was determined by 2D HSQC NMR, the increased content of the phenol hydroxyl group was proved by FT-IR, and the reduced molecular weight was investigated by GPC. Furthermore, multiple phenolic compounds were detected by GC-MS in the reaction mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Changtao Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Fang Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhongpeng Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Moying Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xin
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghua Gu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- JITRI Future Food Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- JITRI Future Food Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, P. R. China
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4
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Li Y, Wen J, Wu S, Luo S, Ma C, Li S, Chen Z, Liu S, Tian B. Photocatalytic Conversion of Lignin Models into Functionalized Aromatic Molecules Initiated by the Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Process. Org Lett 2024; 26:1218-1223. [PMID: 38319139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
A mild and efficient method for lignin β-O-4 cleavage and functionalization was achieved via photocatalysis. This protocol exhibits a broad scope of lignin models and excellent compatibility of functionalization reagents, constructing a series of functionalized lignin-based aromatic compounds. Highly selective formation of alkyl radical species through a proton-coupled electron transfer and β-scission process provides the opportunity to form new C-C and C-N bonds by reaction with electrophilic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingya Wen
- Appraisal Center for Environment & Engineering, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100041, People's Republic of China
| | - Simeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
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5
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Meng Y, Li J, Liu H, Wu H, Li H. Visible-light-mediated metal-free regioselective oxidative C-C bond cleavage of lignin dimers to aromatic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1642-1645. [PMID: 38235970 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05958h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The upgrading of lignin is a sustainable and promising pathway for fossil-based aromatic compounds but always faces low selectivity. Herein, a metal-free photocatalyst, 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate (TPP), was illustrated to remarkably facilitate the regioselective oxidative Cα-Cβ bond cleavage of β-1 and β-O-4 lignin alcohol/ketone models into aromatic acids (92-99% yields) under visible-light irradiation at room temperature without any additive/co-catalyst, which was enabled by the synergistic effect of Cβ-H⋯C(TPP) interaction and·˙O2-/1O2 species. The synergy of the catalyst-substrate interaction and active species offers a reference for the enhancive and selective transformation of polymeric biomass and complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Meng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, College of Pharmacy & Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Jie Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, College of Pharmacy & Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, College of Pharmacy & Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Hongguo Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, College of Pharmacy & Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Hu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, College of Pharmacy & Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
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6
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Cheng X, Liu B, Zhao H, Zhang H, Wang J, Li Z, Li B, Chen Z, Hu J. Interfacial effect between Ni 2P/CdS for simultaneously heightening photocatalytic hydrogen production and lignocellulosic biomass photorefining. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 655:943-952. [PMID: 37949744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Photorefining of biomass is increasingly recognized as a pivotal technology for the simultaneous production of hydrogen and value-added chemicals. The intrinsic recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass puts high demands on the rational design of bifunctional photocatalyst. Herein, Ni2P/CdS with a strong interfacial effect in this work was designed to overcome lignocellulosic biomass photorefining. The strong interfacial effect between Ni2P and CdS not only improved the light absorbance, but also optimized the spatial redistribution of photogenerated electrons and holes. Therefore, Ni2P/CdS exhibited an unprecedented H2 evolution activity (ca. 199.7 mmol·h-1·g-1) in the presence of lactic acid as the traditional sacrificial agent. Considerable H2 generation was also achieved in the presence of lignin (ca. 322.8 μmol·h-1·g-1), cellulose (ca. 534.3 μmol·h-1·g-1) and hemicellulose (ca. 382.2 μmol·h-1·g-1) as the electron donor respectively. Theoretical calculation results indicated that establishing the interfacial effect between Ni2P and CdS optimized their work functions. This optimization fosters improved the redistribution between electrons and holes, as a result, photocatalytic hydrogen production from biomass solution was greatly enhanced. Significantly, Ni2P/CdS showed dual functionalities to produce H2 and value-added compounds from raw biomass directly. This present work demonstrates the potential of raw biomass photorefining through astutely designing photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Hongguang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jiu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Zhangkang Li
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Bei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhangxin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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7
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Palumbo CT, Gu NX, Bleem AC, Sullivan KP, Katahira R, Stanley LM, Kenny JK, Ingraham MA, Ramirez KJ, Haugen SJ, Amendola CR, Stahl SS, Beckham GT. Catalytic carbon-carbon bond cleavage in lignin via manganese-zirconium-mediated autoxidation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:862. [PMID: 38286984 PMCID: PMC10825196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Efforts to produce aromatic monomers through catalytic lignin depolymerization have historically focused on aryl-ether bond cleavage. A large fraction of aromatic monomers in lignin, however, are linked by various carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds that are more challenging to cleave and limit the yields of aromatic monomers from lignin depolymerization. Here, we report a catalytic autoxidation method to cleave C-C bonds in lignin-derived dimers and oligomers from pine and poplar. The method uses manganese and zirconium salts as catalysts in acetic acid and produces aromatic carboxylic acids as primary products. The mixtures of the oxygenated monomers are efficiently converted to cis,cis-muconic acid in an engineered strain of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 that conducts aromatic O-demethylation reactions at the 4-position. This work demonstrates that autoxidation of lignin with Mn and Zr offers a catalytic strategy to increase the yield of valuable aromatic monomers from lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad T Palumbo
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Nina X Gu
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Alissa C Bleem
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Kevin P Sullivan
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Rui Katahira
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Lisa M Stanley
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Jacob K Kenny
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, 80303, CO, USA
| | - Morgan A Ingraham
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Kelsey J Ramirez
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Stefan J Haugen
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Caroline R Amendola
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Gregg T Beckham
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
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8
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Kang Y, Lu X, Xu J, Zhou Q, Zhang G, Xin J, Yan D, Sayed IEITEI. The ionic liquids upon perchlorate to promote the C-C/C-O bonds cleavage in alkali lignin under photothermal synergism. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128125. [PMID: 37984571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Transforming lignin into aromatic monomers is critically attractive to develop green and sustainable energy supplies. However, the usage of the additional catalysts like metal or base/acid is commonly limited by the caused repolymerized and environmental issues. The key step is to mediate electron transfer in lignin to trigger lignin C-C/C-O bonds cleavage without the catalysts mentioned above. Here, we report that the ionic liquids [BMim][ClO4] was found to trigger lignin electron transfer to cleave the C-C/C-O bonds for aromatic monomers without any additional catalyst. The proton transfer from [BMim]+ to [ClO4]- could polarize the anion and decrease its structure stability, upon which the active hydroxyl radical generated and induced lignin C-C/C-O bonds fragmentation via free radical-mediated routes with the assistance of photothermal synergism. About 4.4 wt% yields of aromatic monomers, mainly composed of vanillin and acetosyringone, are afforded in [BMim][ClO4] under UV-light irradiation in the air at 80 °C. This work opens the way to produce value-added aromatic monomers from lignin using an eco-friendly, energy-efficient, and simple route that may contribute to the sustainable utilization of renewable natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xingmei Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Junli Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guangjin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jiayu Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dongxia Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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9
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Gu NX, Palumbo CT, Bleem AC, Sullivan KP, Haugen SJ, Woodworth SP, Ramirez KJ, Kenny JK, Stanley LD, Katahira R, Stahl SS, Beckham GT. Autoxidation Catalysis for Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage in Lignin. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:2277-2285. [PMID: 38161372 PMCID: PMC10755848 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Selective lignin depolymerization is a key step in lignin valorization to value-added products, and there are multiple catalytic methods to cleave labile aryl-ether bonds in lignin. However, the overall aromatic monomer yield is inherently limited by refractory carbon-carbon linkages, which are abundant in lignin and remain intact during most selective lignin deconstruction processes. In this work, we demonstrate that a Co/Mn/Br-based catalytic autoxidation method promotes carbon-carbon bond cleavage in acetylated lignin oligomers produced from reductive catalytic fractionation. The oxidation products include acetyl vanillic acid and acetyl vanillin, which are ideal substrates for bioconversion. Using an engineered strain of Pseudomonas putida, we demonstrate the conversion of these aromatic monomers to cis,cis-muconic acid. Overall, this study demonstrates that autoxidation enables higher yields of bioavailable aromatic monomers, exceeding the limits set by ether-bond cleavage alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina X. Gu
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Chad T. Palumbo
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alissa C. Bleem
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kevin P. Sullivan
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Stefan J. Haugen
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Sean P. Woodworth
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kelsey J. Ramirez
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jacob K. Kenny
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Lisa D. Stanley
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rui Katahira
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United
States
| | - Gregg T. Beckham
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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10
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Liang J, Li H, Ren M, Zhou M, Han J, Zhou W, Kong F, Fakayode OA, Ur Rehman A, Fapohunda FO, Zhou C. Lignin-ultrasound method: Enhancement of antimicrobial capacity of MoS 2-containing films. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126509. [PMID: 37633551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
To improve the antimicrobial ability of MoS2-containing films, we used lignin and triple-frequency ultrasound for liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) to obtain MoS2 nanosheets. Photoresponsive antimicrobial films with MoS2 nanosheets, lignin, polyvinyl alcohol and deep eutectic solvents were subsequently prepared. Lignin functionalized the MoS2 nanosheets by chemically linking with S in MoS2 and significantly improved the exfoliation efficiency. Tri-frequency ultrasound produces beneficial effects on the LPE process by creating a more homogeneous sound field and a stronger degree of cavitation. The concentration of MoS2 nanosheets in the exfoliating solution could reach 1.713 mg/mL under the effect of lignin-ultrasound. The antimicrobial ability of the films was analyzed, and the colony-forming units of E. coli and S. aureus could be reduced from 7 × 106 to 1 × 106 cfu/mL under the irradiation of infrared. The lignin in the film undergoes depolymerization and demethoxylation under the irradiation of infrared to have a more phenolic hydroxyl structure, which confers the growth inhibition ability of the films for bacteria that cannot be in close contact with the film. The method we used has some significance for the preparation of MoS2 nanosheets, and composite films prepared from MoS2, and lignin can be used in food packaging, wound antimicrobials, and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakang Liang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haoxin Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Manni Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Man Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jingyi Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Fangong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Olugbenga Abiola Fakayode
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 10-263 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Abd Ur Rehman
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | | | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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11
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Ziwei W, Hao S, Yizhen C, Ben L, Yaowei X, Wanxia W, Kaiyue W, Mengheng L, Li G, Lei W. Thermal, photonic, and electrocatalysis in lignin depolymerization research. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32627-32640. [PMID: 37936635 PMCID: PMC10626394 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06880c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to realize a sustainable bio-based future, it is essential to fully harness the potential of biomass, including lignin - a readily available biopolymer that ranks second in abundance and serves as a renewable source of aromatics. While lignin has traditionally been used for lower-value applications like fuel and power generation, unlocking its higher-value potential through diverse conversion and upgrading techniques is of paramount importance. This review focuses on the catalytic conversion of lignin, with a specific emphasis on selective depolymerization, a process that not only supports economically and environmentally sustainable biorefineries but also aligns with Green Chemistry principles, mitigating adverse environmental impacts. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive discussion of reaction pathways and mechanisms, including C-O and C-C bond cleavage, among different catalysts. Lastly, we analyze and briefly discuss the prospects of rational catalyst design in biomass valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Ziwei
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd Wuhan 430040 China
- Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd Wuhan 430056 China
- Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory Wuhan 430040 China
| | - Shu Hao
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd Wuhan 430040 China
- Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd Wuhan 430056 China
- Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory Wuhan 430040 China
| | - Chen Yizhen
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd Wuhan 430040 China
- Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd Wuhan 430056 China
- Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory Wuhan 430040 China
| | - Liu Ben
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd Wuhan 430040 China
- Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd Wuhan 430056 China
- Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory Wuhan 430040 China
| | - Xu Yaowei
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd Wuhan 430040 China
- Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd Wuhan 430056 China
- Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory Wuhan 430040 China
| | - Wang Wanxia
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd Wuhan 430040 China
- Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd Wuhan 430056 China
- Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory Wuhan 430040 China
| | - Wang Kaiyue
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd Wuhan 430040 China
| | - Lei Mengheng
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd Wuhan 430040 China
- Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd Wuhan 430056 China
- Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory Wuhan 430040 China
| | - Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology Heping Avenue 947 Wuhan 430081 China +86-027-6886-2335
| | - Wang Lei
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
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12
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Xu X, Dai S, Xu S, Zhu Q, Li Y. Efficient Photocatalytic Cleavage of Lignin Models by a Soluble Perylene Diimide/Carbon Nitride S-Scheme Heterojunction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309066. [PMID: 37675642 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PDI) is one of the best n-type organic semiconductors and an ideal light-driven catalyst for lignin depolymerization. However, the charge localization effect and the excessively strong intermolecular aggregation trend in PDI result in rapid electron-hole (e- -h+ ) recombination, which limits photocatalytic performance. Herein, polymeric carbon nitride/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane PDI (p-CN/P-PDI) S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was prepared by the solvent evaporation-deposition method for C-C bond selective cleavage of lignin β-O-4 model. Based on the material characterization results, the synergic role of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and S-scheme heterojunction maintains appropriate aggregation domains, achieves better solar light utilization, faster charge-transfer efficiency, and greater redox capacity. Notably, the 3 % p-CN/P-PDI heterostructure exhibits a remarkable enhancement in cleavage conversion efficiency, achieving approximately 16.42 and 2.57 times higher conversion rates compared to polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane modified PDI (POSS-PDI) and polymeric carbon nitride (p-CN), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | - Shuqi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
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13
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Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Meng Q, Chen B, Song J, Liu H, Han B. Aerobic Oxidative Cleavage of C(OH)-C Bonds to Produce Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by Cu I -1,10-phenanthroline Complex. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300373. [PMID: 37258454 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Effective cleavage and functionalization of C(OH)-C bonds is of great importance for the production of value-added chemicals from renewable biomass resources such as carbohydrates, lignin and their derivatives. The efficiency and selectivity of oxidative cleavage of C(OH)-C bonds are hindered by their inert nature and various side reactions associated with the hydroxyl group. The oxidative conversion of secondary alcohols to produce aldehydes is particularly challenging because the generated aldehydes tend to be over-oxidized to acids or the other side products. Noble-metal based catalysts are necessary to get satisfactory aldehyde yields. Herein, for the first time, the efficient aerobic oxidative conversion of secondary aromatic alcohols into aromatic aldehydes is reported using non-noble metal catalysts and environmentally benign oxygen, without any additional base. It was found that CuI -1,10-phenanthroline (Cu-phen) complex showed outstanding performance for the reactions. The C(OH)-C bonds of a diverse array of aromatic secondary alcohols were effectively cleaved and functionalized, selectively affording aldehydes with excellent yields. Detailed mechanism study revealed a radical mediated pathway for the oxidative reaction. We believe that the findings in this work will lead to many explorations in non-noble metal catalyzed oxidative reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhanrong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qinglei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bingfeng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinliang Song
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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14
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Liu J, Gao S, Miliordos E, Chen M. Asymmetric Syntheses of ( Z)- or ( E)-β,γ-Unsaturated Ketones via Silane-Controlled Enantiodivergent Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19542-19553. [PMID: 37639380 PMCID: PMC11144060 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cu-catalyzed highly stereoselective and enantiodivergent syntheses of (Z)- or (E)-β,γ-unsaturated ketones from 1,3-butadienyl silanes are developed. The nature of the silyl group of the dienes has a significant impact on the stereo- and enantioselectivity of the reactions. Under the developed catalytic systems, the reactions of acyl fluorides with phenyldiemthylsilyl-substituted 1,3-diene gave (Z)-β,γ-unsaturated ketones bearing an α-tertiary stereogenic center with excellent enantioselectivities and high Z-selectivities, where the reactions with triisopropylsilyl-substituted 1,3-butadiene formed (E)-β,γ-unsaturated ketones with high optical purities and excellent E-selectivities. The products generated from the reactions contain three functional groups with orthogonal chemical reactivities, which can undergo a variety of transformations to afford synthetically valuable intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Shang Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Evangelos Miliordos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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15
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Aboagye D, Djellabi R, Medina F, Contreras S. Radical-Mediated Photocatalysis for Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion into Value-Added Chemicals and Hydrogen: Facts, Opportunities and Challenges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301909. [PMID: 37162030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic biomass conversion into high-value chemicals and fuels is considered one of the hottest ongoing research and industrial topics toward sustainable development. In short, this process can cleave Cβ -O/Cα -Cβ bonds in lignin to aromatic platform chemicals, and further conversion of the polysaccharides to other platform chemicals and H2 . From the chemistry point of view, the optimization of the unique cooperative interplay of radical oxidation species (which are activated via molecular oxygen species, ROSs) and substrate-derived radical intermediates by appropriate control of their type and/or yield is key to the selective production of desired products. Technically, several challenges have been raised that face successful real-world applications. This review aims to discuss the recently reported mechanistic pathways toward selective biomass conversion through the optimization of ROSs behavior and materials/system design. On top of that, through a SWOT analysis, we critically discussed this technology from both chemistry and technological viewpoints to help the scientists and engineers bridge the gap between lab-scale and large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Aboagye
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ridha Djellabi
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francesc Medina
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sandra Contreras
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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16
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Xu J, Zhou Z, Liu M, Wang J, Zhang L. Photocatalytic depolymerization of lignin via oxidizing cleavage of C α-C β bonds in micellar aqueous media. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125476. [PMID: 37353112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic depolymerization of lignin to prepare high-value chemicals is a promising way to promote the valuable utilization of lignin. However, the complexity and stubbornness of lignin structure seriously decrease the photocatalytic efficiency and selectivity. Herein, the micellar aqueous media (SDS-8/HCl) consisting of sodium lauryl sulfonate and hydrochloric acid was successfully prepared. Photocatalyst TiO2 and SDS-8/HCl system can effectively depolymerize the typical β-1 lignin models and ethanol organosolv lignin to value-added chemicals by oxidizing cleavage of lignin Cα-Cβ bonds. The addition of hydrochloric acid solution (1 mol/L) improves the selectivity of photocatalytic breaking of lignin Cα-Cβ bonds. Chlorine ions are oxidized to chlorine radicals by photogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals, dramatically increasing the photocatalytic efficiency. Electron paramagnetic resonance technique and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to demonstrate the presence of chlorine radicals. Under optimal conditions, the conversion of substrate Dpol is 98.4 %, and the obtained products are mainly benzaldehyde and benzoic acid. Isotope labeling experiments show that water is also involved in photocatalytic reactions and the oxygen needed to form the product benzaldehyde comes from water. Single-electron transfer processes are possible photocatalytic mechanisms that differ from the previous reports. Importantly, water and chlorine ions were found to be involved in photocatalytic reactions for the first time and promote the cleavage of lignin Cα-Cβ bonds. This work provides new ideas for photocatalytic cleavage of lignin Cα-Cβ bonds in heterogeneous photocatalytic systems using micellar aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui 239000, China.
| | - Zijie Zhou
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui 239000, China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui 239000, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui 239000, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui 239000, China
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17
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Cheng X, Palma B, Zhao H, Zhang H, Wang J, Chen Z, Hu J. Photoreforming for Lignin Upgrading: A Critical Review. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202300675. [PMID: 37455297 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoreforming of lignocellulosic biomass to simultaneously produce gas fuels and value-added chemicals has gradually emerged as a promising strategy to alleviate the fossil fuels crisis. Compared to cellulose and hemicellulose, the exploitation and utilization of lignin via photoreforming are still at the early and more exciting stages. This Review systematically summarizes the latest progress on the photoreforming of lignin-derived model components and "real" lignin, aiming to provide insights for lignin photocatalytic valorization from fundamental to industrial applications. Considering the complexity of lignin physicochemical properties, related analytic methods are also introduced to characterize lignin photocatalytic conversion and product distribution. We finally put forward the challenges and perspective of lignin photoreforming, hoping to provide some guidance to valorize biomass into value-added chemicals and fuels via a mild photoreforming process in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bruna Palma
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hongguang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jiu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zhangxin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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18
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Xu J, Yu T, Zhao G, Wang J. Enhancing oxidation ability of graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysts to promote lignin C α-C β bond cleavage in micellar aqueous media. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:124029. [PMID: 36924872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
As the most abundant aromatic resource, lignin is an appreciated biomass material to obtain aromatic high-value chemicals. However, the selective cleavage of lignin Cα-Cβ bonds under mild conditions constitutes a challenge. Herein, a photocatalyst having high oxidation capacity was successfully synthesized by codoping S and Cl atoms into graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The resulting S,Cl/CN-1.5 photocatalyst exhibits enhanced photogenerated electron-hole separation ability and higher valence band potential than g-C3N4. S,Cl/CN-1.5 can efficiently break lignin Cα-Cβ bonds in micellar aqueous medium to produce benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol as the main products. Mechanism studies show that the photocatalytic cleavage of lignin Cα-Cβ bonds proceeds via single-electron transfer and Cβ radical mechanisms in which hydroxyl radicals and photogenerated holes play an important role. Isotopic experiments show that the O atoms required for the photocatalytic cleavage of lignin Cα-Cβ bonds come from water in the micellar aqueous medium based on the full contact between water and substrate. Although O2 atmosphere is beneficial for the photocatalytic efficiency, O2 is not necessary for the photocatalytic cleavage of lignin Cα-Cβ bonds. This research provides a useful guide for designing efficient photocatalysts to depolymerize lignin into high-value chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui 239000, China.
| | - Tao Yu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui 239000, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui 239000, China
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19
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Dai D, Qiu J, Xia G, Zhang L, Ma H, Yang L, Yao J. Interspersing CdS nanodots into iodine vacancy-rich BiOI sphere for photocatalytic lignin valorization. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:1317-1324. [PMID: 36470441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Flower-like BiOI was decorated by CdS nanodots and followed by the introduction of iodine vacancies (VI) for photocatalytic sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) valorization under visible light. The iodine vacancies could adjust the band configuration, strengthen the light absorption and act as electron traps, while the intimate contact between BiOI and CdS nanodots provides a high-speed channel for charge transfer. As a consequence, the photocatalytic performance of SLS conversion into value-added vanillin was greatly improved over CdS/BiOI-VI compared with those of CdS, BiOI and CdS/BiOI. The highest yield of vanillin is 10.95 mg/gSLS over CdS/BiOI-VI, about 5, 8.7, 1.3 times those of CdS, BiOI, CdS/BiOI, respectively, and exceeding most related photocatalysts reported elsewhere. More significantly, as to the lignin from Masson pine and alkali lignin, the corresponding vanillin yield can reach 7.04 and 6.54 mg/glignin, respectively, under the same condition, which suggests the great potential and universality for photocatalytic lignin valorization over such CdS/BiOI-VI heterostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingliang Dai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianhao Qiu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Guanglu Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Luan Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianfeng Yao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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20
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Xu X, Wang H, Tan CH, Ye X. Applications of Vanadium, Niobium, and Tantalum Complexes in Organic and Inorganic Synthesis. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 3:74-91. [PMID: 37035284 PMCID: PMC10080730 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic catalysis is a powerful strategy in chemical synthesis, especially with the cheap and low toxic metals based on green chemistry principle. Thus, the selection of the metal is particularly important to plan relevant and applicable processes. The group VB metals have been the subject of exciting and significant advances in both organic and inorganic synthesis. In this Review, we have summarized some reports from recent decades, which are about the development of group VB metals utilized in various types of reactions, such as oxidation, reduction, alkylation, dealkylation, polymerization, aromatization, protein synthesis, and practical water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Choon-Hong Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Xinyi Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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21
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Huang M, Guo H, Zeng Z, Xiao H, Hu H, He L, Li K, Liu X, Yan L. Selective Photocatalytic Transformation of Lignin to Aromatic Chemicals by Crystalline Carbon Nitride in Water-Acetonitrile Solutions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15707. [PMID: 36497780 PMCID: PMC9736535 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic conversion of lignin to aromatic compounds in aqueous solutions is a promising approach. We herein report a crystalline carbon nitride prepared by high-temperature thermal polymerization and alkali-metal molten salt treatment, which was then applied in the selective conversion of lignin to aromatic compounds. The results showed that the tri-s-tri-C3N4 presented a relatively high activity and selectivity for the conversion of lignin in aqueous solutions. In a 95% water-acetonitrile solution, it achieved a relatively high conversation rate of lignin, reaching 62.00%, and the selectivity of the C-C bond cleavage was high, at 86.8%. The characterization results obtained by TEM, UV-vis/DRS, PL, and transient photocurrent response showed that the ultra-high activity of tri-s-tri-C3N4 was mainly due to the improvements in crystallinity and light absorption. Mechanism studies showed that the dispersion of the catalyst and the combination of lignin and catalyst in aqueous solvents with different acetonitrile ratios were the main factors affecting lignin conversion. As the water content in the solutions increased, the primary active sites were converted from h+ to ·O2-. This study revealed the interactions between lignin, photocatalysts, and reaction solutions, providing a theoretical basis for the photocatalytic conversion of lignin in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Huiqin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Zhenxing Zeng
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hong Xiao
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Liu He
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Kexin Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Liushui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
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22
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Lu X, Gu X. A review on lignin pyrolysis: pyrolytic behavior, mechanism, and relevant upgrading for improving process efficiency. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:106. [PMID: 36221137 PMCID: PMC9552425 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is a promising alternative to traditional fossil resources for producing biofuels due to its aromaticity and renewability. Pyrolysis is an efficient technology to convert lignin to valuable chemicals, which is beneficial for improving lignin valorization. In this review, pyrolytic behaviors of various lignin were included, as well as the pyrolytic mechanism consisting of initial, primary, and charring stages were also introduced. Several parallel reactions, such as demethoxylation, demethylation, decarboxylation, and decarbonylation of lignin side chains to form light gases, major lignin structure decomposition to generate phenolic compounds, and polymerization of active lignin intermediates to yield char, can be observed through the whole pyrolysis process. Several parameters, such as pyrolytic temperature, time, lignin type, and functional groups (hydroxyl, methoxy), were also investigated to figure out their effects on lignin pyrolysis. On the other hand, zeolite-driven lignin catalytic pyrolysis and lignin co-pyrolysis with other hydrogen-rich co-feedings were also introduced for improving process efficiency to produce more aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs). During the pyrolysis process, phenolic compounds and/or AHs can be produced, showing promising applications in biochemical intermediates and biofuel additives. Finally, some challenges and future perspectives for lignin pyrolysis have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
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23
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Palma B, Cheng X, Liu L, Zhong N, Zhao H, Renneckar S, Larter S, Kibria M, Hu J. Visible‐light Driven Lignin Valorization into Value‐added Chemicals and Sustainable Hydrogen Using Zn1‐xCdxS Solid Solutions as Photocatalyst. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Palma
- University of Calgary Schulich School of Engineering Chemical and Petroleum Engineering CANADA
| | - Xi Cheng
- University of Calgary Chemical and Petroleum Engineering CANADA
| | - Liyang Liu
- The University of British Columbia Department of Wood Science CANADA
| | - Na Zhong
- University of Calgary Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering CANADA
| | - Heng Zhao
- University of Calgary Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 3535 Research RD NW T2L 2K8 Calgary CANADA
| | - Scott Renneckar
- The University of British Columbia Department of Wood Science CANADA
| | | | - Md Kibria
- University of Calgary Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering CANADA
| | - Jinguang Hu
- University of Calgary Chemical and Petroleum Engineering CANADA
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24
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Xu J, Shi J, Wang J, Zhang L, Wang Y. Photocatalyst g-C3N4 for efficient cleavage of lignin C C bonds in micellar aqueous medium. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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25
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Juliá F. Ligand‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer (LMCT) Photochemistry at 3d‐Metal Complexes: An Emerging Tool for Sustainable Organic Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Juliá
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia: Institut Catala d'Investigacio Quimica Chemistry Av Paisos Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona SPAIN
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26
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Cobalt nitride enabled benzimidazoles production from furyl/aryl bio-alcohols and o-nitroanilines without an external H-source. Front Chem Sci Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-022-2174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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27
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Wu J, Peng Z, Shen T, Liu ZQ. Electrosynthesis of ortho‐Amino Aryl Ketones by Aerobic Electrooxidative Cleavage of the C(2)=C(3)/C(2)‐N Bonds of N‐Boc Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Wu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine CHINA
| | - Zehui Peng
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine CHINA
| | - Tong Shen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine CHINA
| | - Zhong-Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University CHINA
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28
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Parmar D, Dhiman AK, Kumar R, Sharma AK, Sharma U. Cp*Co(III)-Catalyzed Selective C8-Olefination and Oxyarylation of Quinoline N-Oxides with Terminal Alkynes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9069-9087. [PMID: 35758768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report Cp*Co(III)-catalyzed site-selective (C8)-H olefination and oxyarylation of quinoline N-oxides with terminal alkynes. The selectivity for C8-olefination and oxyarylation is sterically and electronically controlled. In the case of quinoline N-oxides (unsubstituted at the C2 position), only the olefination product was obtained irrespective of the nature of the alkynes. In contrast, oxyarylation was observed exclusively when 2-substituted quinoline N-oxides were reacted with 9-ethynylphenanthrene. However, alkynes with electron-withdrawing groups provided only olefination products with 2-substituted quinoline N-oxides. The developed strategy allowed a facile functionalization of quinoline N-oxides bearing natural molecules and an estrone-derived terminal alkyne to deliver the corresponding olefinated and oxyarylated products. To understand the reaction mechanism, control experiments, deuterium-labeling experiments, and kinetic isotope effect (KIE) studies were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Parmar
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology, Palampur 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Dhiman
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology, Palampur 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology, Palampur 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Akhilesh K Sharma
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology, Palampur 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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29
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Light-driven transition-metal-free direct decarbonylation of unstrained diaryl ketones via a dual C–C bond cleavage. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1805. [PMID: 35379809 PMCID: PMC8979990 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cleavage and formation of carbon−carbon bonds have emerged as powerful tools for structural modifications in organic synthesis. Although transition−metal−catalyzed decarbonylation of unstrained diaryl ketones provides a viable protocol to construct biaryl structures, the use of expensive catalyst and high temperature (>140 oC) have greatly limited their universal applicability. Moreover, the direct activation of two inert C − C bonds in diaryl ketones without the assistance of metal catalyst has been a great challenge due to the inherent stability of C − C bonds (nonpolar, thermo-dynamically stable, and kinetically inert). Here we report an efficient light-driven transition-metal-free strategy for decarbonylation of unstrained diaryl ketones to construct biaryl compounds through dual inert C − C bonds cleavage. This reaction featured mild reaction conditions, easy-to-handle reactants and reagents, and excellent functional groups tolerance. The mechanistic investigation and DFT calculation suggest that this strategy proceeds through the formation of dioxy radical intermediate via a single-electron-transfer (SET) process between photo-excited diaryl ketone and DBU mediated by DMSO, followed by removal of CO2 to construct biaryl compounds. The cleavage and formation of carbon−carbon bonds is an important strategy for structural modifications in organic syntheses. Herein, the authors present a photoinduced method to construct biaryl compounds through dual inert C−C bond cleavage.
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30
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Shen T, Liu S, Zhao J, Wang N, Yang L, Wu J, Shen X, Liu ZQ. Electrochemical Aerobic Oxidative Cleavage of (sp 3)C-C(sp 3)/H Bonds in Alkylarenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3286-3295. [PMID: 35188765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemistry-promoted oxidative cleavage of (sp3)C-C(sp3)/H bonds in alkylarenes was developed. Various aryl alkanes can be smoothly converted into ketones/aldehydes under aerobic conditions using a user-friendly undivided cell setup. The features of air as oxidant, scalability, and mild conditions make them attractive in synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Shuai Liu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Jianyou Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Nengyong Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Le Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhong-Quan Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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31
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Radical generation and fate control for photocatalytic biomass conversion. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:197-214. [PMID: 37117437 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is an emerging approach for sustainable chemical production from renewable biomass under mild conditions. Active radicals are always generated as key intermediates, in which their high reactivity renders them versatile for various upgrading processes. However, controlling their reaction is a challenge, especially in highly functionalized biomass frameworks. In this Review, we summarize recent advanced photocatalytic systems for selective biomass valorization, with an emphasis on their distinct radical-mediated reaction patterns. The strategies for generating a specific radical intermediate and controlling its subsequent conversion towards desired chemicals are also highlighted, aiming to provide guidance for future studies. We believe that taking full advantage of the unique reactivity of radical intermediates would provide great opportunities to develop more efficient photocatalytic systems for biomass valorization.
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32
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Nayak P, Nayak M, Meena K, Kar S. Oxo(corrolato)vanadium( iv) catalyzed epoxidation: oxo(peroxo)(corrolato)vanadium( v) is the true catalytic species. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj06015e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxo(corrolato)vanadium(iv) complexes are highly efficient oxidizers in the presence of H2O2 and KHCO3, and oxo(peroxo)(corrolato)vanadium(v) complexes are the catalytic intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panisha Nayak
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar – 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Manisha Nayak
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar – 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Kiran Meena
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar – 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Sanjib Kar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar – 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
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33
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Wang Y, He Q, Cao Z, Wang P, Chen G, Beller M. Hypervalent-iodine promoted selective cleavage of C(sp 3)–C(sp 3) bonds in ethers. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01114j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-promoted and radical-mediated strategy for the site-specific cleavage of C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds in ethers is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Qin He
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zehui Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
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34
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Yang G, Shi J, Sun H, Tong X. A product-controllable aerobic oxidative cleavage of vicinal diols using vanadium-based photocatalyst. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00566a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A photocatalytic controllable oxidative cleavage of C-C bond is developed with molecular oxygen as the oxidant. Herein, a series of vanadium oxide-based photocatalysts were synthesized and characterized by XPS, PL,...
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35
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Chen H, Hong D, Wan K, Wang J, Niu B, Zhang Y, Long D. Urchin-like Nb2O5 hollow microspheres enabling efficient and selective photocatalytic C–C bond cleavage in lignin models under ambient conditions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Abderrazak Y, Bhattacharyya A, Reiser O. Durch sichtbares Licht induzierte Homolyse unedler, gut verfügbarer Metallsubstratkomplexe: Eine komplementäre Aktivierungsstrategie in der Photoredoxkatalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Abderrazak
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Aditya Bhattacharyya
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
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37
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Abderrazak Y, Bhattacharyya A, Reiser O. Visible-Light-Induced Homolysis of Earth-Abundant Metal-Substrate Complexes: A Complementary Activation Strategy in Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21100-21115. [PMID: 33599363 PMCID: PMC8519011 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The mainstream applications of visible-light photoredox catalysis predominately involve outer-sphere single-electron transfer (SET) or energy transfer (EnT) processes of precious metal RuII or IrIII complexes or of organic dyes with low photostability. Earth-abundant metal-based Mn Ln -type (M=metal, Ln =polydentate ligands) complexes are rapidly evolving as alternative photocatalysts as they offer not only economic and ecological advantages but also access to the complementary inner-sphere mechanistic modes, thereby transcending their inherent limitations of ultrashort excited-state lifetimes for use as effective photocatalysts. The generic process, termed visible-light-induced homolysis (VLIH), entails the formation of suitable light-absorbing ligated metal-substrate complexes (Mn Ln -Z; Z=substrate) that can undergo homolytic cleavage to generate Mn-1 Ln and Z. for further transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Abderrazak
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Aditya Bhattacharyya
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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38
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McCaffrey VP, Conover OQ, Bernard MA, Yarranton JT, Lessnau NR, Hempfling JP. Substituent effects in dioxovanadium(V) schiff-base complexes: Tuning the outcomes of oxidation reactions. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Li C, Li J, Qin L, Yang P, Vlachos DG. Recent Advances in the Photocatalytic Conversion of Biomass-Derived Furanic Compounds. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Li
- College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Qin
- College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware19716, United States
| | - Dionisios G. Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware19716, United States
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40
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Qiu J, Dai D, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Yang L, Yao J. Inlaying metal-organic framework derived pancake-like TiO 2 into three-dimensional BiOI for visible-light-driven generation of vanillin from sodium lignosulfonate. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 605:648-656. [PMID: 34352445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pancake-like TiO2 (M-TiO2) derived from the metal-organic framework was inlaid into three-dimensional flower-like BiOI through a facile solvothermal method. M-TiO2 supplies large surface area and mesoporous structure for attachment and transfer of the substrates and products, while BiOI acts as a photosensitizer to absorb visible light and generates electrons and holes. The distinct structure of M-TiO2/BiOI gives a favorable contact between the two monomers, and promotes the transfer of charge carriers. In conjunction with the proper band positions of M-TiO2 and BiOI, the efficient separation of electron-hole pairs is attained. Benefiting from the above cooperative effects of M-TiO2 and BiOI, the performance for the vanillin generation from sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) over M-TiO2/BiOI composites has a prominent improvement under visible light. Specifically, the yield over optimal M-TiO2/BiOI sample is about 5.8 mg/gSLS, obviously superior to that over pristine M-TiO2 (~1 mg/gSLS) and BiOI (~1.1 mg/gSLS). It is found that h+ and O2- play the key role for vanillin generation from sodium lignosulfonate, and the low vanillin generation under UV-vis light sheds light on that OH is an adverse factor. We hoped that this work could inspire the studies on the photocatalytic valorization of biomass using noble metal-free catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Qiu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Dingliang Dai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yichen Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lvye Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianfeng Yao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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41
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Zhao J, Shen T, Sun Z, Wang N, Yang L, Wu J, You H, Liu ZQ. Site-Specific Oxidation of (sp 3)C-C(sp 3)/H Bonds by NaNO 2/HCl. Org Lett 2021; 23:4057-4061. [PMID: 33955764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A site-specific oxidation of (sp3)C-C(sp3) and (sp3)C-H bonds in aryl alkanes by the use of NaNO2/HCl was explored. The method is chemical-oxidant-free, transition-metal-free, uses water as the solvent, and proceeds under mild conditions, making it valuable and attractive to synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyou Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tong Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Nengyong Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Le Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huichao You
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhong-Quan Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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42
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Ellis E, Hinchen DJ, Bleem A, Bu L, Mallinson SJB, Allen MD, Streit BR, Machovina MM, Doolin QV, Michener WE, Johnson CW, Knott BC, Beckham GT, McGeehan JE, DuBois JL. Engineering a Cytochrome P450 for Demethylation of Lignin-Derived Aromatic Aldehydes. JACS AU 2021; 1:252-261. [PMID: 34467290 PMCID: PMC8395679 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological funneling of lignin-derived aromatic compounds is a promising approach for valorizing its catalytic depolymerization products. Industrial processes for aromatic bioconversion will require efficient enzymes for key reactions, including demethylation of O-methoxy-aryl groups, an essential and often rate-limiting step. The recently characterized GcoAB cytochrome P450 system comprises a coupled monoxygenase (GcoA) and reductase (GcoB) that catalyzes oxidative demethylation of the O-methoxy-aryl group in guaiacol. Here, we evaluate a series of engineered GcoA variants for their ability to demethylate o-and p-vanillin, which are abundant lignin depolymerization products. Two rationally designed, single amino acid substitutions, F169S and T296S, are required to convert GcoA into an efficient catalyst toward the o- and p-isomers of vanillin, respectively. Gain-of-function in each case is explained in light of an extensive series of enzyme-ligand structures, kinetic data, and molecular dynamics simulations. Using strains of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 already optimized for p-vanillin production from ferulate, we demonstrate demethylation by the T296S variant in vivo. This work expands the known aromatic O-demethylation capacity of cytochrome P450 enzymes toward important lignin-derived aromatic monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerald
S. Ellis
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State
University, 103 Chemistry and Biochemistry Building, PO Box 173400, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Daniel J. Hinchen
- Centre
for Enzyme Innovation, School of Biological Sciences, Institute of
Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, United Kingdom
| | - Alissa Bleem
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Lintao Bu
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Sam J. B. Mallinson
- Centre
for Enzyme Innovation, School of Biological Sciences, Institute of
Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D. Allen
- Centre
for Enzyme Innovation, School of Biological Sciences, Institute of
Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, United Kingdom
| | - Bennett R. Streit
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State
University, 103 Chemistry and Biochemistry Building, PO Box 173400, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Melodie M. Machovina
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State
University, 103 Chemistry and Biochemistry Building, PO Box 173400, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Quinlan V. Doolin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State
University, 103 Chemistry and Biochemistry Building, PO Box 173400, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - William E. Michener
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Christopher W. Johnson
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Brandon C. Knott
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Gregg T. Beckham
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - John E. McGeehan
- Centre
for Enzyme Innovation, School of Biological Sciences, Institute of
Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer L. DuBois
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State
University, 103 Chemistry and Biochemistry Building, PO Box 173400, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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43
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Dong L, Xia J, Guo Y, Liu X, Wang H, Wang Y. Mechanisms of Caromatic-C bonds cleavage in lignin over NbOx-supported Ru catalyst. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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44
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Bao H, Sagues WJ, Wang Y, Peng W, Zhang L, Yang S, Xiao D, Tong Z. Depolymerization of Lignin into Monophenolics by Ferrous/Persulfate Reagent under Mild Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:6582-6593. [PMID: 33078554 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to use a persulfate together with transition metal ions as the reagent to effectively depolymerize lignin into monophenolic compounds under mild conditions (ambient pressure, temperature <100 °C). The Box-Behnken experimental design in combination with the response surface methodology was applied to obtain optimized reaction conditions. The results showed that this reagent could depolymerize up to 99 % of lignin dimers to mainly veratraldehyde. This reaction also successfully depolymerized industrial lignins with a high yield of phenolic oils and monophenolic compounds. Quantum chemistry calculations using the density functional theory level indicated that the persulfate free radical attacks Cβ to break the β-O-4 bond of lignin through a five-membered ring mechanism. This mechanism using persulfate free radicals has a lower activation barrier than that using hydroxyl radicals. Gel permeation chromatography and 2D-NMR spectroscopy demonstrated the effective cleavage of the β-O-4 bonds of lignin after depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxi Bao
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, 1741 Museum Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - William J Sagues
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 2820, Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Yigui Wang
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Rd, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Wenbo Peng
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, 1741 Museum Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, 1741 Museum Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Shunchang Yang
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, 1741 Museum Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Dequan Xiao
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Rd, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Zhaohui Tong
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, 1741 Museum Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
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45
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Liu X, Bouxin FP, Fan J, Budarin VL, Hu C, Clark JH. Recent Advances in the Catalytic Depolymerization of Lignin towards Phenolic Chemicals: A Review. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4296-4317. [PMID: 32662564 PMCID: PMC7540457 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The efficient valorization of lignin could dictate the success of the 2nd generation biorefinery. Lignin, accounting for on average a third of the lignocellulosic biomass, is the most promising candidate for sustainable production of value-added phenolics. However, the structural alteration induced during lignin isolation is often depleting its potential for value-added chemicals. Recently, catalytic reductive depolymerization of lignin has appeared to be a promising and effective method for its valorization to obtain phenolic monomers. The present study systematically summarizes the far-reaching and state-of-the-art lignin valorization strategies during different stages, including conventional catalytic depolymerization of technical lignin, emerging reductive catalytic fractionation of protolignin, stabilization strategies to inhibit the undesired condensation reactions, and further catalytic upgrading of lignin-derived monomers. Finally, the potential challenges for the future researches on the efficient valorization of lignin and possible solutions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
- Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Florent P Bouxin
- Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Vitaliy L Budarin
- Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Changwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - James H Clark
- Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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46
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Li H, Liu M, Liu H, Luo N, Zhang C, Wang F. Amine-Mediated Bond Cleavage in Oxidized Lignin Models. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4660-4665. [PMID: 32539209 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Introducing amines/ammonia into lignin cracking will allow novel bond cleavage pathways. Herein, a method of amines/ammonia-mediated bond cleavage in oxidized lignin β-O-4 models was studied using a copper catalyst at room temperature, demonstrating the effect of the amine source on the selectivity of products. For primary and secondary aliphatic amines, lignin ketone models underwent oxidative Cα -Cβ bond cleavage and Cα -N bond formation to generate aromatic amides. For ammonia, the competition between oxygen and ammonia determined the selectivity between Cα -N and Cβ -N bond formation, generating amides and α-keto amides, respectively. For tertiary amines, the lignin models underwent oxidative Cα -Cβ bond cleavage to benzoic acids. Control experiments indicated that amines act as nucleophiles attacking at the Cα or Cβ position of the oxidized β-O-4 linkage to be cleaved. This study represents a novel example that the breakage of oxidized lignin model can be regulated by amines with a copper catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis (SKLC), Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Meijiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis (SKLC), Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis (SKLC), Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Nengchao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis (SKLC), Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis (SKLC), Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis (SKLC), Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
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47
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Dias RMP, de Oliveira GP, Burtoloso ACB. One-pot synthesis of β-O-4 lignin models via the insertion of stable 2-diazo-1,3-dicarbonyls into O-H bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4815-4823. [PMID: 32539068 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Because lignin is a macromolecule that is a sustainable source of aromatic compounds, model substrates are commonly used to increase our understanding of its complex structure. However, few methods have been described for the synthesis of these models. Herein, we describe a new route towards the synthesis of β-O-4 lignin models by intermolecular O-H insertion reactions with simple and stable diazocarbonyls. The benefits of this developed method were shorter reaction times and high yields, as well as mild and environmentally friendly conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Mafra P Dias
- Chemistry Institute at São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), CEP 13560-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. and Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, University of São João del Rei (UFSJ), CEP 36420-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriela P de Oliveira
- Chemistry Institute at São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), CEP 13560-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Antonio C B Burtoloso
- Chemistry Institute at São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), CEP 13560-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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48
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Wang Y, Wang N, Zhao J, Sun M, You H, Fang F, Liu ZQ. Visible-Light-Promoted Site-Specific and Diverse Functionalization of a C(sp3)–C(sp3) Bond Adjacent to an Arene. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nengyong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyou Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minzhi Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huichao You
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Quan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
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49
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Wu X, Luo N, Xie S, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Wang F, Wang Y. Photocatalytic transformations of lignocellulosic biomass into chemicals. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6198-6223. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00314j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in photocatalytic transformations of lignocellulosic biomass (polysaccharides and lignin) into chemicals (in particular organic oxygenates).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Nengchao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
| | - Shunji Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Haikun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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