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Al-salem AS, Nayl AA, Alshammari MS, M Ahmed I. Adsorption Study of Neodymium from the Aqueous Phase Using Fabricated Magnetic Chitosan-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Composites. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:32175-32184. [PMID: 39072114 PMCID: PMC11270553 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
This work reports the performances of the magnetic chitosan@graphene oxide composite (MCh@GO) for the sorption of Nd(III) from aqueous medium. The prepared composite was synthesized by a coprecipitation method and then examined by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TGA. XRD analysis proved physical interactions between magnetic chitosan and graphene oxide through (inter- and intramolecular H-bonding and peptide bonding). TGA data approved the thermal stability of the prepared MCh@GO nanocomposite over their constituents. The optimum pH for the sorption process was 4.5. The Langmuir model and PSO fitted the experimental data. The adsorption process was found to be endothermic and spontaneous with a Q max of 56.6 mg g-1. Indeed, the MCh@GO composite proved to be an excellent adsorbent for the purification, remediation, and separation of Nd due to its promising properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa S. Al-salem
- Department
of Nursing, Northern College of Nursing, Arar 73311, Saudi Arabia
| | - AbdEIAziz A. Nayl
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutairah S. Alshammari
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail M Ahmed
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Xin W, Cui Y, Qian Y, Liu T, Kong XY, Ling H, Chen W, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Jiang L, Wen L. High-efficiency dysprosium-ion extraction enabled by a biomimetic nanofluidic channel. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5876. [PMID: 38997277 PMCID: PMC11245470 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological ion channels exhibit high selectivity and permeability of ions because of their asymmetrical pore structures and surface chemistries. Here, we demonstrate a biomimetic nanofluidic channel (BNC) with an asymmetrical structure and glycyl-L-proline (GLP) -functionalization for ultrafast, selective, and unidirectional Dy3+ extraction over other lanthanide (Ln3+) ions with very similar electronic configurations. The selective extraction mainly depends on the amplified chemical affinity differences between the Ln3+ ions and GLPs in nanoconfinement. In particular, the conductivities of Ln3+ ions across the BNC even reach up to two orders of magnitude higher than in a bulk solution, and a high Dy3+/Nd3+ selectivity of approximately 60 could be achieved. The designed BNC can effectively extract Dy3+ ions with ultralow concentrations and thereby purify Nd3+ ions to an ultimate content of 99.8 wt.%, which contribute to the recycling of rare earth resources and environmental protection. Theoretical simulations reveal that the BNC preferentially binds to Dy3+ ion due to its highest affinity among Ln3+ ions in nanoconfinement, which attributes to the coupling of ion radius and coordination matching. These findings suggest that BNC-based ion selectivity system provides alternative routes to achieving highly efficient lanthanide separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Xin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Yanglansen Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Yongchao Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Tianchi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Xiang-Yu Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
| | - Haoyang Ling
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Weipeng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Zhehua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yuhao Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Liping Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, PR China.
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3
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Liang J, Zhang X, Li H, Wen C, Tian L, Chen X, Li Z. Constructing Two-Dimensional (2D) Heterostructure Channels with Engineered Biomembrane and Graphene for Precise Scandium Sieving. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2404629. [PMID: 38805571 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The special properties of rare earth elements (REE) have effectively broadened their application fields. How to accurately recognize and efficiently separate target rare earth ions with similar radii and chemical properties remains a formidable challenge. Here, precise two-dimensional (2D) heterogeneous channels are constructed using engineered E. coli membranes between graphene oxide (GO) layers. The difference in binding ability and corresponding conformational change between Lanmodulin (LanM) and rare earth ions in the heterogeneous channel allows for precisely recognizing and sieving of scandium ions (Sc3+). The engineered E. coli membranes not only can protect the integrity of structure and functionality of LanM, the rich lipids and sugars, but also help the Escherichia coli (E. coli) membranes closely tile on the GO nanosheets through interaction, preventing swelling and controlling interlayer spacing accurately down to the sub-nanometer. Apparently, the 2D heterogeneous channels showcase excellent selectivity for trivalent ions (SFFe /Sc≈3), especially for Sc3+ ions in REE with high selectivity (SFCe/Sc≈167, SFLa/Sc≈103). The long-term stability and tensile strain tests verify the membrane's outstanding stability. Thus, this simple, efficient, and cost-effective work provides a suggestion for constructing 2D interlayer heterogeneous channels for precise sieving, and this valuable strategy is proposed for the efficient extraction of Sc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Institute of National Nuclear Industry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Institute of National Nuclear Industry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haidong Li
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Institute of National Nuclear Industry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chuanxi Wen
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Institute of National Nuclear Industry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Longlong Tian
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Institute of National Nuclear Industry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ximeng Chen
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Institute of National Nuclear Industry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhan Li
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Institute of National Nuclear Industry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Nationalities University, 3 Bayi Middle Road, Xining, 810007, China
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Diep P, Stogios PJ, Evdokimova E, Savchenko A, Mahadevan R, Yakunin AF. Ni(II)-binding affinity of CcNikZ-II and its homologs: the role of the HH-prong and variable loop revealed by structural and mutational studies. FEBS J 2024; 291:2980-2993. [PMID: 38555564 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Extracytoplasmic Ni(II)-binding proteins (NiBPs) are molecular shuttles involved in cellular nickel uptake. Here, we determined the crystal structure of apo CcNikZ-II at 2.38 Å, which revealed a Ni(II)-binding site comprised of the double His (HH-)prong (His511, His512) and a short variable (v-)loop nearby (Thr59-Thr64, TEDKYT). Mutagenesis of the site identified Glu60 and His511 as critical for high affinity Ni(II)-binding. Phylogenetic analysis showed 15 protein clusters with two groups containing the HH-prong. Metal-binding assays with 11 purified NiBPs containing this feature yielded higher Ni(II)-binding affinities. Replacement of the wild type v-loop with those from other NiBPs improved the affinity by up to an order of magnitude. This work provides molecular insights into the determinants for Ni(II) affinity and paves way for NiBP engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Diep
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, BioZone - Centre for Applied Bioscience and Bioengineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Systems & Synthetic Biology Group, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Stogios
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, BioZone - Centre for Applied Bioscience and Bioengineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena Evdokimova
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, BioZone - Centre for Applied Bioscience and Bioengineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexei Savchenko
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, BioZone - Centre for Applied Bioscience and Bioengineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahadevan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, BioZone - Centre for Applied Bioscience and Bioengineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander F Yakunin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, BioZone - Centre for Applied Bioscience and Bioengineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, UK
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5
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Jones EM, Marken JP, Silver PA. Synthetic microbiology in sustainability applications. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:345-359. [PMID: 38253793 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-01007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms are a promising means to address many societal sustainability challenges owing to their ability to thrive in diverse environments and interface with the microscale chemical world via diverse metabolic capacities. Synthetic biology can engineer microorganisms by rewiring their regulatory networks or introducing new functionalities, enhancing their utility for target applications. In this Review, we provide a broad, high-level overview of various research efforts addressing sustainability challenges through synthetic biology, emphasizing foundational microbiological research questions that can accelerate the development of these efforts. We introduce an organizational framework that categorizes these efforts along three domains - factory, farm and field - that are defined by the extent to which the engineered microorganisms interface with the natural external environment. Different application areas within the same domain share many fundamental challenges, highlighting productive opportunities for cross-disciplinary collaborations between researchers working in historically disparate fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M Jones
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John P Marken
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Resnick Sustainability Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Pamela A Silver
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Li S, Jansone-Popova S, Jiang DE. Insights into coordination and ligand trends of lanthanide complexes from the Cambridge Structural Database. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11301. [PMID: 38760382 PMCID: PMC11101447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding lanthanide coordination chemistry can help develop new ligands for more efficient separation of lanthanides for critical materials needs. The Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) contains tens of thousands of single crystal structures of lanthanide complexes that can serve as a training ground for both fundamental chemical insights and future machine learning and generative artificial intelligence models. This work aims to understand the currently available structures of lanthanide complexes in CSD by analyzing the coordination shell, donor types, and ligand types, from the perspective of rare-earth element (REE) separations. We obtain four sets of lanthanide complexes from CSD: Subset 1, all Ln-containing complexes (49472 structures); Subset 2, mononuclear Ln complexes (27858 structures); Subset 3, mononuclear Ln complexes without cyclopentadienyl ligands (Cp) (26156 structures); Subset 4, Ln complexes with at least one 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or its derivative as a coordinating ligand (2226 structures). The subsequent analysis of lanthanide complexes in these subsets examines the trends in coordination numbers and first shell distances as well as identifies and characterizes the ligands and donor groups. In addition, examples of Ln-complexes with commercially available complexants and phen-based ligands are interrogated in detail. This systematic investigation lays the groundwork for future data-driven ligand designs for REE separations based on the structural insights into the lanthanide coordination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Santa Jansone-Popova
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - De-En Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
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7
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Alasadi EA, Choi W, Chen X, Cotruvo JA, Baiz CR. Lanmodulin's EF 2-3 Domain: Insights from Infrared Spectroscopy and Simulations. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:1056-1065. [PMID: 38620063 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Lanmodulins are small, ∼110-residue proteins with four EF-hand motifs that demonstrate a picomolar affinity for lanthanide ions, making them efficient in the recovery and separation of these technologically important metals. In this study, we examine the thermodynamic and structural complexities of lanthanide ion binding to a 41-residue domain, EF 2-3, that constitutes the two highest-affinity metal-binding sites in the lanmodulin protein from Methylorubrum extorquens. Using a combination of circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we characterize the metal binding capabilities of EF 2-3. ITC demonstrates that binding occurs between peptide and lanthanides with conditional dissociation constants (Kd) in the range 20-30 μM, with no significant differences in the Kd values for La3+, Eu3+, and Tb3+ at pH 7.4. In addition, CD spectroscopy suggests that only one binding site of EF 2-3 undergoes a significant conformational change in the presence of lanthanides. 2D IR spectroscopy demonstrates the presence of both mono- and bidentate binding configurations in EF 2-3 with all three lanthanides. MD simulations, supported by Eu3+ luminescence measurements, explore these results, suggesting a competition between water-lanthanide and carboxylate-lanthanide interactions in the EF 2-3 domain. These results underscore the role of the core helical bundle of the protein architecture in influencing binding affinities and communication between the metal-binding sites in the full-length protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Alasadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St. A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Wonseok Choi
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St. A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joseph A Cotruvo
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Carlos R Baiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St. A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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8
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Hussain Z, Dwivedi D, Kwon I. Recovery of rare earth elements from low-grade coal fly ash using a recyclable protein biosorbent. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1385845. [PMID: 38817924 PMCID: PMC11137179 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1385845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs), including those in the lanthanide series, are crucial components essential for clean energy transitions, but they originate from geographically limited regions. Exploiting new and diverse supply sources is vital to facilitating a clean energy future. Hence, we explored the recovery of REEs from coal fly ash (FA), a complex, low-grade industrial feedstock that is currently underutilized (leachate concentrations of REEs in FA are < 0.003 mol%). Herein, we demonstrated the thermo-responsive genetically encoded REE-selective elastin-like polypeptides (RELPs) as a recyclable bioengineered protein adsorbent for the selective retrieval of REEs from coal fly ash over multiple cycles. The results showed that RELPs could be efficiently separated using temperature cycling and reused with high stability, as they retained ∼95% of their initial REE binding capacity even after four cycles. Moreover, RELPs selectively recovered high-purity REEs from the simulated solution containing one representative REE in the range of 0.0001-0.005 mol%, resulting in up to a 100,000-fold increase in REE purity. This study offers a sustainable approach to diversifying REE supplies by recovering REEs from low-grade coal fly ash in industrial wastes and provides a scientific basis for the extraction of high-purity REEs for industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inchan Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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9
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Romal JRA, Ong SK. Opportunity for a greener recovery of dysprosium(III) from secondary sources by a novel Mannich reaction-modified phosphorylated chitosan hydrogel. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131449. [PMID: 38599422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The depleting supply of natural sources of rare earth elements (REE) is a concern to many nations as demand for advanced technology is becoming vital for national security. In this communication, the recovery of dysprosium(III) from aqueous systems was exemplified by a modified phosphorylated chitosan (PCs/MB) prepared by the C-Mannich reaction of phosphorylated chitosan, glutaraldehyde, and 4-hydroxycoumarin in ethanolic solution. Batch adsorption studies achieved a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 34 mg/g at 25 °C and pH = 5.4 for 2 h. Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy, elemental mapping, and quantitative analyses revealed ion-exchange mechanism with C6-phosphate and a synergistic complexation with the amino group between two hexose units of the chitosan chain confirming the correlation provided by the pseudo-second order kinetics (R2 = 0.9996), extrapolated mean free energy of adsorption (Eads) of 12.9 kJ/mol from the corrected Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm, and the extrapolated enthalpy of adsorption (ΔH0ads) of -42.4 kJ/mol from the linearized Van't Hoff plot. Competitive adsorption with iron(II), cerium(III), and neodymium(III) demonstrated preferential removal of dysprosium(III) and complete exclusion of iron(II), which illustrates potential application in the separation of REE from electronic wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Rey Apostol Romal
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Grand View University, Des Moines, IA 50316, USA; Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Say Kee Ong
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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10
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Ye Q, Wang D, Wei N. Engineering biomaterials for the recovery of rare earth elements. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:575-590. [PMID: 37985335 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The escalating global demand for rare earth elements (REEs) and the overabundance of REE-containing waste require innovative technologies for REE recovery from waste to achieve a sustainable supply of REEs while reducing the environmental burden. Biosorption mediated by peptides or proteins has emerged as a promising approach for selective REE recovery. To date, multiple peptides and proteins with high REE-binding affinity and selectivity have been discovered, and various strategies are being exploited to engineer robust and reusable biosorptive materials for selective REE recovery. This review highlights recent advances in discovering and engineering peptides and proteins for REE recovery. Future research prospects and challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhui Ye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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11
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Verma G, Hostert J, Summerville AA, Robang AS, Garcia Carcamo R, Paravastu AK, Getman RB, Duval CE, Renner J. Investigation of Rare Earth Element Binding to a Surface-Bound Affinity Peptide Derived from EF-Hand Loop I of Lanmodulin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16912-16926. [PMID: 38527460 PMCID: PMC10995902 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Bioinspired strategies have been given extensive attention for the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from waste streams because of their high selectivity, regeneration potential, and sustainability as well as low cost. Lanmodulin protein is an emerging biotechnology that is highly selective for REE binding. Mimicking lanmodulin with shorter peptides is advantageous because they are simpler and potentially easier to manipulate and optimize. Lanmodulin-derived peptides have been found to bind REEs, but their properties have not been explored when immobilized on solid substrates, which is required for many advanced separation technologies. Here, two peptides, LanM1 and scrambled LanM1, are designed from the EF-hand loop 1 of lanmodulin and investigated for their binding affinity toward different REEs when surface-bound. First, the ability of LanM1 to bind REEs was confirmed and characterized in solution using circular dichroism (CD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for Ce(III) ions. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to further analyze the binding of the LanM1 to Ce(III), Nd(III), Eu(III), and Y(III) ions and in low-pH conditions. The performance of the immobilized peptides on a model gold surface was examined using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). The studies show that the LanM1 peptide has a stronger REE binding affinity than that of scrambled LanM1 when in solution and when immobilized on a gold surface. QCM-D data were fit to the Langmuir adsorption model to estimate the surface-bound dissociation constant (Kd) of LanM1 with Ce(III) and Nd(III). The results indicate that LanM1 peptides maintain a high affinity for REEs when immobilized, and surface-bound LanM1 has no affinity for potential competitor calcium and copper ions. The utility of surface-bound LanM1 peptides was further demonstrated by immobilizing them to gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and capturing REEs from solution in experiments utilizing an Arsenazo III-based colorimetric dye displacement assay and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry. The saturated adsorption capacity of GNPs was estimated to be around 3.5 μmol REE/g for Ce(III), Nd(III), Eu(III), and Y(III) ions, with no binding of non-REE Ca(II) ions observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Verma
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jacob Hostert
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Alex A. Summerville
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Alicia S. Robang
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ricardo Garcia Carcamo
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Anant K. Paravastu
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Parker
H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Rachel B. Getman
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Christine E. Duval
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Julie Renner
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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12
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Liu Y, Xin Z, Tian L, Villa-Gomez D, Wang W, Cao Y. Fabrication of peptide-encapsulated sodium alginate hydrogel for selective gallium adsorption. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130436. [PMID: 38408578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Peptides are recognized as promising adsorbents in metal selective recovery. In this study, the designed gallium-binding peptide H6GaBP was immobilized by the polysaccharide polymer sodium alginate (SA) for gallium recovery. The synthesized H6GaBP@SA microspheres exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 127.4 mg/g and demonstrated high selectivity for gallium at lower pH values. The adsorption process aligned well with the pseudo-second-order equation and Langmuir model. To elucidate the adsorption mechanism, a comprehensive characterization including molecular docking, scanning electron microscope coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), were conducted. These analyses revealed that gallium ions were initially adsorbed through electrostatic interaction by H6GaBP@SA, followed by a cation exchange reaction between Ga(OH)2+ and Ca2+, as well as coordination between gallium and histidine residues on the peptide. Moreover, the H6GaBP@SA exhibited improved thermal stability compared to sole sodium alginate microspheres, and the coordination of gallium with peptides can also defer the decomposition rate of the adsorbents. Compared to other adsorbents, the peptide-encapsulated hydrogel microspheres exhibited superior gallium selectivity and improved adsorption capacity, offering an environmentally friendly option for gallium recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; The Key Lab of Critical Metals Minerals Supernormal Enrichment and Extraction, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Zhiwei Xin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Lei Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Denys Villa-Gomez
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, 4072 QLD, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, 4072 QLD, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; The Key Lab of Critical Metals Minerals Supernormal Enrichment and Extraction, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Yijun Cao
- Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; The Key Lab of Critical Metals Minerals Supernormal Enrichment and Extraction, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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13
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Kastenhofer J, Spadiut O, Papangelakis VG, Allen DG. Roles of pH and phosphate in rare earth element biosorption with living acidophilic microalgae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:262. [PMID: 38483568 PMCID: PMC10940408 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand for rare earth elements (REEs) has spurred interest in the development of recovery methods from aqueous waste streams. Acidophilic microalgae have gained attention for REE biosorption as they can withstand high concentrations of transition metals and do not require added organic carbon to grow, potentially allowing simultaneous sorption and self-replication of the sorbent. Here, we assessed the potential of Galdieria sulphuraria for REE biosorption under acidic, nutrient-replete conditions from solutions containing ≤ 15 ppm REEs. Sorption at pH 1.5-2.5 (the growth optimum of G. sulphuraria) was poor but improved up to 24-fold at pH 5.0 in phosphate-free conditions. Metabolic activity had a negative impact on REE sorption, additionally challenging the feasibility of REE biosorption under ideal growth conditions for acidophiles. We further examined the possibility of REE biosorption in the presence of phosphate for biomass growth at elevated pH (pH ≥ 2.5) by assessing aqueous La concentrations in various culture media. Three days after adding La into the media, dissolved La concentrations were up to three orders of magnitude higher than solubility predictions due to supersaturation, though LaPO4 precipitation occurred under all conditions when seed was added. We concluded that biosorption should occur separately from biomass growth to avoid REE phosphate precipitation. Furthermore, we demonstrated the importance of proper control experiments in biosorption studies to assess potential interactions between REEs and matrix ions such as phosphates. KEY POINTS: • REE biosorption with G. sulphuraria increases significantly when raising pH to 5 • Phosphate for biosorbent growth has to be supplied separately from biosorption • Biosorption studies have to assess potential matrix effects on REE behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kastenhofer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Research Group Integrated Bioprocess Development, TU Vienna, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimiros G Papangelakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - D Grant Allen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada.
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14
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Danouche M, Bounaga A, Oulkhir A, Boulif R, Zeroual Y, Benhida R, Lyamlouli K. Advances in bio/chemical approaches for sustainable recycling and recovery of rare earth elements from secondary resources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168811. [PMID: 38030017 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are indispensable in the growing smart technologies, such as smart phones and electronic devices, renewable energy, new generation of hybrid cars, etc. These elements are naturally occurring in specific geological deposits (bastnäsite, monazite, and xenotime), primarily concentrated in the regions of China, Australia, and the USA. The extraction and processing of REEs and the mismanagement of secondary REE resources, such as industrial waste, end-of-life materials, and mining by-products, raise major environmental and health concerns. Recycling represents a convincing solution, avoiding the necessity to separate low-value or coexisting radioactive elements when REEs are recovered from raw ore. Despite these advantages, only 1 % of REEs are usually recycled. This review overreached strategies for recycling REEs from secondary resources, emphasizing their pivotal role. The predominant approach for recycling REEs involves hydrometallurgical processing by leaching REEs from their origins using acidic solutions and then separating them from dissolved impurities using techniques like liquid-liquid extraction, membrane separation, chromatography, adsorption, flotation, and electrochemical methods. However, these methods have notable disadvantages, particularly their over requirements for water, reagents, and energy. Biohydrometallurgy introduces an innovative alternative using microorganisms and their metabolites to extract REEs through bioleaching. Other investigations are carried out to recover REEs through biological strategies, including biosorption, affinity chromatography with biological ligands, bioflotation employing biological surfactants, and bioelectrochemical methods. However, biohydrometallurgical processes can also be relatively slow and less suitable for large-scale applications, often lacking specificity for targeted REEs recovery. Overcoming these challenges necessitates ongoing research and development efforts to advance recycling technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Danouche
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering (CBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - A Bounaga
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering (CBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - A Oulkhir
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering (CBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; Institute of Chemistry, Nice UMR7272, Côte d'Azur University, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Nice, France
| | - R Boulif
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering (CBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Y Zeroual
- Situation Innovation, OCP Group BP 118, Jorf Lasfar, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - R Benhida
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering (CBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; Institute of Chemistry, Nice UMR7272, Côte d'Azur University, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Nice, France.
| | - K Lyamlouli
- College of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, AgroBioScience Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
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15
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Qian X, Ma C, Zhang H, Liu K. Bioseparation of rare earth elements and high value-added biomaterials applications. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107040. [PMID: 38141331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of critical minerals and extensively employed in new material manufacturing. However, separation of lanthanides is difficult because of their similar chemical natures. Current lanthanide leaching and separation methods require hazardous compounds, resulting in severe environmental concerns. Bioprocessing of lanthanides offers an emerging class of tools for REE separation due to mild leaching conditions and highly selective separation scenarios. In the course of biopreparation, engineered microbes not only dissolve REEs from ores but also allow for selective separation of the lanthanides. In this review, we present an overview of recent advances in microbes and proteins used for the biomanufacturing of lanthanides and discuss high value-added applications of REE-derived biomaterials. We begin by introducing the fundamental interactions between natural microbes and REEs. Then we discuss the rational design of chassis microbes for bioleaching and biosorption. We also highlight the investigations on REE binding proteins and their applications in the synthesis of high value-added biomaterials. Finally, future opportunities and challenges for the development of next generation lanthanide-binding biological systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xining Qian
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Xiangfu Laboratory, Building 5, No.828 Zhongxing Road, Xitang Town, Jiashan, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314102, China.
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Xiangfu Laboratory, Building 5, No.828 Zhongxing Road, Xitang Town, Jiashan, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314102, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Xiangfu Laboratory, Building 5, No.828 Zhongxing Road, Xitang Town, Jiashan, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314102, China
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16
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Xu T, Li A, Zheng X, Ji B, Mei J, Zhou M, Li Z. Porous carboxymethyl cellulose nanocrystalline imprinted composite aerogels for selective adsorption of gadolinium. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140931. [PMID: 38096994 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium is widely applied in medical and high-tech materials because of special magnetic properties. Recovery of gadolinium from waste rare earth products has both economic and environmental value. In this experiment, honeycomb porous composite aerogels were constructed using sericin and sodium alginate mixed with functionally modified carboxymethylated cellulose nanocrystals for the adsorption and separation of gadolinium ions. There were large numbers of carboxyl groups as well as hydroxyl groups on the surface of sodium alginate and filamentous protein, which provided more sites for the adsorption of gadolinium ions. Besides, a stable honeycomb structure appeared on the surface of composite aerogels when the mixture of filamentous protein and sodium alginate was 1:1, which increased the specific surface area of materials to 140.65 m2 g-1. Additionally, the imprinted composite aerogels Ic-CNC/SSA were prepared by virtue of the imprinting technology, enhancing the adsorption selectivity of composite aerogels for gadolinium. The adsorption experiments revealed that the maximum adsorption capacity of Ic-CNC/SSA reached 93.41 mg g-1 at pH 7.0, indicating good selective adsorption of gadolinium ions. In summary, such composite aerogels provide great potential and reference value for the selective adsorption of gadolinium ions in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Ang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Xudong Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Biao Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Jinfeng Mei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Man Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
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17
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Larrinaga WB, Cotruvo JA, Worrell BT, Eaton SS, Eaton GR. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Electronic Ground State, and Electron Spin Relaxation of Seven Lanthanide Ions Bound to Lanmodulin and the Bioinspired Chelator, 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO). Chemistry 2023; 29:e202303215. [PMID: 37802965 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of lanthanide(III) ions besides Gd3+ , bound to small-molecule and protein chelators, are uncharacterized. Here, the EPR properties of 7 lanthanide(III) ions bound to the natural lanthanide-binding protein, lanmodulin (LanM), and the synthetic small-molecule chelator, 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) ("HOPO"), were systematically investigated. Echo-detected pulsed EPR spectra reveal intense signals from ions for which the normal continuous-wave first-derivative spectra are negligibly different from zero. Spectra of Kramers lanthanide ions Ce3+ , Nd3+ , Sm3+ , Er3+ , and Yb3+ , and non-Kramers Tb3+ and Tm3+ , bound to LanM are more similar to the ions in dilute aqueous:ethanol solution than to those coordinated with HOPO. Lanmodulins from two bacteria, with distinct metal-binding sites, had similar spectra for Tb3+ but different spectra for Nd3+ . Spin echo dephasing rates (1/Tm ) are faster for lanthanides than for most transition metals and limited detection of echoes to temperatures below ~6 to 12 K. Dephasing rates were environment dependent and decreased in the order water:ethanol>LanM>HOPO, which is attributed to decreasing librational motion. These results demonstrate that the EPR spectra and relaxation times of lanthanide(III) ions are sensitive to coordination environment, motivating wider application of these methods for characterization of both small-molecule and biomolecule interactions with lanthanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt B Larrinaga
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States
| | - Joseph A Cotruvo
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States
| | - Brady T Worrell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, 80208, United States
| | - Sandra S Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, 80208, United States
| | - Gareth R Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, 80208, United States
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18
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Gorniak L, Bechwar J, Westermann M, Steiniger F, Wegner CE. Different lanthanide elements induce strong gene expression changes in a lanthanide-accumulating methylotroph. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0086723. [PMID: 37909735 PMCID: PMC10848612 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00867-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Since its discovery, Ln-dependent metabolism in bacteria attracted a lot of attention due to its bio-metallurgical application potential regarding Ln recycling and circular economy. The physiological role of Ln is mostly studied dependent on presence and absence. Comparisons of how different (utilizable) Ln affect metabolism have rarely been done. We noticed unexpectedly pronounced changes in gene expression caused by different Ln supplementation. Our research suggests that strain RH AL1 distinguishes different Ln elements and that the effect of Ln reaches into many aspects of metabolism, for instance, chemotaxis, motility, and polyhydroxyalkanoate metabolism. Our findings regarding Ln accumulation suggest a distinction between individual Ln elements and provide insights relating to intracellular Ln homeostasis. Understanding comprehensively how microbes distinguish and handle different Ln elements is key for turning knowledge into application regarding Ln-centered biometallurgy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Gorniak
- Institute of Biodiversity, Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Bechwar
- Institute of Biodiversity, Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Frank Steiniger
- Electron Microscopy Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Carl-Eric Wegner
- Institute of Biodiversity, Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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19
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Deblonde GJP, Morrison K, Mattocks JA, Cotruvo JA, Zavarin M, Kersting AB. Impact of a Biological Chelator, Lanmodulin, on Minor Actinide Aqueous Speciation and Transport in the Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20830-20843. [PMID: 37897703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Minor actinides are major contributors to the long-term radiotoxicity of nuclear fuels and other radioactive wastes. In this context, understanding their interactions with natural chelators and minerals is key to evaluating their transport behavior in the environment. The lanmodulin family of metalloproteins is produced by ubiquitous bacteria and Methylorubrum extorquens lanmodulin (LanM) was recently identified as one of nature's most selective chelators for trivalent f-elements. Herein, we investigated the behavior of neptunium, americium, and curium in the presence of LanM, carbonate ions, and common minerals (calcite, montmorillonite, quartz, and kaolinite). We show that LanM's aqueous complexes with Am(III) and Cm(III) remain stable in carbonate-bicarbonate solutions. Furthermore, the sorption of Am(III) to these minerals is strongly impacted by LanM, while Np(V) sorption is not. With calcite, even a submicromolar concentration of LanM leads to a significant reduction in the Am(III) distribution coefficient (Kd, from >104 to ∼102 mL/g at pH 8.5), rendering it even more mobile than Np(V). Thus, LanM-type chelators can potentially increase the mobility of trivalent actinides and lanthanide fission products under environmentally relevant conditions. Monitoring biological chelators, including metalloproteins, and their biogenerators should therefore be considered during the evaluation of radioactive waste repository sites and the risk assessment of contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauthier J-P Deblonde
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Keith Morrison
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Joseph A Mattocks
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Joseph A Cotruvo
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Mavrik Zavarin
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Annie B Kersting
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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20
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21
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Chen J, Shi W, Ren Y, Zhao K, Liu Y, Jia B, Zhao L, Li M, Liu Y, Su J, Ma C, Wang F, Sun J, Tian Y, Li J, Zhang H, Liu K. Strong Protein Adhesives through Lanthanide-enhanced Structure Folding and Stack Density. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304483. [PMID: 37670725 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Generating strong adhesion by engineered proteins has the potential for high technical applications. Current studies of adhesive proteins are primarily limited to marine organisms, e.g., mussel adhesive proteins. Here, we present a modular engineering strategy to generate a type of exotic protein adhesives with super strong adhesion behaviors. In the protein complexes, the lanmodulin (LanM) underwent α-helical conformational transition induced by lanthanides, thereby enhancing the stacking density and molecular interactions of adhesive protein. The resulting adhesives exhibited outstanding lap-shear strength of ≈31.7 MPa, surpassing many supramolecular and polymer adhesives. The extreme temperature (-196 to 200 °C) resistance capacity and underwater adhesion performance can significantly broaden their practical application scenarios. Ex vivo and in vivo experiments further demonstrated the persistent adhesion performance for surgical sealing and healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Weiwei Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yubin Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kelu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yangyi Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Lai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Juanjuan Su
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yang Tian
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- Xiangfu Laboratory, Jiaxing, 314102, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- Xiangfu Laboratory, Jiaxing, 314102, China
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22
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Kulasekara DN, Kajjam AB, Praneeth S, Dittrich TM, Allen MJ. Cryptands on a Solid Support for the Separation of Europium from Gadolinium. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42037-42045. [PMID: 37623310 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
With the great demand for europium in green-energy technologies comes the need for innovative methods to isolate the elements. We introduce a solid-liquid extraction method using a 2.2.2-cryptand-modified solid support to separate europium from gadolinium using their differences in electrochemical potential. The method overcomes challenges associated with the separation of those two ions that have similar coordination chemistry in the +3 oxidation state. A competitive adsorption study in the cryptand system between EuII/EuIII and GdIII shows greater affinity for EuII relative to GdIII. After separation from GdIII, Eu was released by oxidizing EuII to EuIII with 99.3% purity. The purity of separated Eu is unaffected by pH between pH 3.0 and 5.5. Overall, we demonstrate that by modifying a solid support with 2.2.2-cryptand, divalent europium can be separated from trivalent gadolinium based on the differences of affinities of 2.2.2-cryptand for the two ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nuwangi Kulasekara
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Aravind B Kajjam
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sai Praneeth
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Timothy M Dittrich
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Matthew J Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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23
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Diep P, Kell B, Yakunin A, Hilfinger A, Mahadevan R. Quantifying metal-binding specificity of CcNikZ-II from Clostridium carboxidivorans in the presence of competing metal ions. Anal Biochem 2023; 676:115182. [PMID: 37355028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Many proteins bind transition metal ions as cofactors to carry out their biological functions. Despite binding affinities for divalent transition metal ions being predominantly dictated by the Irving-Williams series for wild-type proteins, in vivo metal ion binding specificity is ensured by intracellular mechanisms that regulate free metal ion concentrations. However, a growing area of biotechnology research considers the use of metal-binding proteins in vitro to purify specific metal ions from wastewater, where specificity is dictated by the protein's metal binding affinities. A goal of metalloprotein engineering is to modulate these affinities to improve a protein's specificity towards a particular metal; however, the quantitative relationship between the affinities and the equilibrium metal-bound protein fractions depends on the underlying binding mechanisms. Here we demonstrate a high-throughput intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence quenching method to validate binding models in multi-metal solutions for CcNikZ-II, a nickel-binding protein from Clostridium carboxidivorans. Using our validated models, we quantify the relationship between binding affinity and specificity in different classes of metal-binding models for CcNikZ-II. We further illustrate the potential relevance of data-informed models to predicting engineering targets for improved specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Diep
- BioZone Centre for Applied Bioscience and Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
| | - Brayden Kell
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Yakunin
- BioZone Centre for Applied Bioscience and Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | - Andreas Hilfinger
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada; Department of Mathematics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahadevan
- BioZone Centre for Applied Bioscience and Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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24
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Afshar Mogaddam MR, Farajzadeh MA, Abbasalizadeh A, Nemati M, Alizadeh Nabil AA, Tuzen M, Pourali A. Development of homogeneous dispersive solid phase extraction using albumin as a green sorbent and its combination with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction: application in extraction of pesticides from fruit juices. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4187-4193. [PMID: 37581438 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00626c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, salt- and pH-induced homogeneous dispersive solid phase extraction was developed using albumin as a sorbent for the extraction of some pesticides (diazinon, diniconazole, haloxyfop-R-methyl, and hexaconazole) from fruit juice of orange, pomegranate, and barberry. The extracted analytes were more concentrated by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction to obtain high enrichment factors and low detection limits prior to their determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In the extraction process, human serum albumin solution was added to the sample solution at the μL-level and a homogeneous solution was obtained. Then, albumin was precipitated into the solution by adding an inorganic salt and decreasing the solution pH. By doing so, the analytes were adsorbed by albumin effectively due to their high adsorption capacity and large surface area. Following this, the pesticides were eluted from the albumin sorbent using an elution solvent and used in a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction step. Under the optimum extraction conditions, low limits of detection and quantification were achieved in the ranges of 0.02-0.04 and 0.07-0.13 ng mL-1, respectively. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.13-250 ng mL-1. Relative standard deviation as a criterion for precision and the method repeatability were in the ranges of 2.9-4.2% for intra- (n = 5, C = 5 or 50 ng mL-1) and 3.2-5.2% for inter-day (n = 5, 50 ng mL-1) precisions. The enrichment factors and extraction recoveries were in the ranges of 390-460 and 78-92%, respectively. Finally, the offered procedure was applied for the analysis of pesticide residues in some fruit juice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Aysa Abbasalizadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahboob Nemati
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical and Food Control Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mustafa Tuzen
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Art and Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Tokat 60250, Turkey
| | - Ali Pourali
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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25
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Cui H, Zhang X, Chen J, Qian X, Zhong Y, Ma C, Zhang H, Liu K. The Construction of a Microbial Synthesis System for Rare Earth Enrichment and Material Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303457. [PMID: 37243571 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth materials play an irreplaceable role in biomedical and high technology fields. However, typical mining and extraction approaches to rare earth elements (REEs) often lead to severe environmental problems and resource wastage due to the involvement of hazardous chemicals. Although biomining shows elegant alternatives, there are still grand challenges to sustainably isolate and recover REEs in nature because of insufficient metal-extracting microbes and RE-scavenging macromolecular tools. To obtain high-performance rare earth materials directly from rare earth ore, a new generation of biological synthesis strategies needs to be developed for the efficient preparation of REEs. The microbial synthesis system established here has achieved active biomanufacturing of high-purity rare earth products. Further, through employing robust affinity columns bioconjugated with structurally engineered proteins, outstanding separation of Eu/Lu and Dy/La is acquired with the purity of 99.9% (Eu), 97.1% (La), and 92.7% (Dy). More importantly, in situ one-pot synthesis of lanthanide-dependent methanol dehydrogenase is well harnessed and exclusively adsorbs La, Ce, Pr, and Nd in RE tailing for advanced biocatalysis, indicating high value-added application. Therefore, this novel biosynthetic platform provides an insightful roadmap to expand the scope of chassis engineering in terms of biofoundry and to manufacture valuable bioproducts related to REEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Cui
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xining Qian
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuewen Zhong
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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26
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Martin KE, Mattocks JA, Śmiłowicz D, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Whetter JN, Engle JW, Cotruvo JA, Boros E. Radiolabeling and in vivo evaluation of lanmodulin with biomedically relevant lanthanide isotopes. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:414-421. [PMID: 37292057 PMCID: PMC10246553 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00020f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-lived, radioactive lanthanides comprise an emerging class of radioisotopes attractive for biomedical imaging and therapy applications. To deliver such isotopes to target tissues, they must be appended to entities that target antigens overexpressed on the target cell's surface. However, the thermally sensitive nature of biomolecule-derived targeting vectors requires the incorporation of these isotopes without the use of denaturing temperatures or extreme pH conditions; chelating systems that can capture large radioisotopes under mild conditions are therefore highly desirable. Herein, we demonstrate the successful radiolabeling of the lanthanide-binding protein, lanmodulin (LanM), with medicinally relevant radioisotopes: 177Lu, 132/135La and 89Zr. Radiolabeling of the endogenous metal-binding sites of LanM, as well exogenous labeling of a protein-appended chelator, was successfully conducted at 25 °C and pH 7 with radiochemical yields ranging from 20-82%. The corresponding radiolabeled constructs possess good formulation stability in pH 7 MOPS buffer over 24 hours (>98%) in the presence of 2 equivalents of natLa carrier. In vivo experiments with [177Lu]-LanM, [132/135La]-LanM, and a prostate cancer targeting-vector linked conjugate, [132/135La]-LanM-PSMA, reveal that endogenously labeled constructs produce bone uptake in vivo. Exogenous, chelator-tag mediated radiolabeling to produce [89Zr]-DFO-LanM enables further study of the protein's in vivo behavior, demonstrating low bone and liver uptake, and renal clearance of the protein itself. While these results indicate that additional stabilization of LanM is required, this study establishes precedence for the radiochemical labeling of LanM with medically relevant lanthanide radioisotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Joseph A Mattocks
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - Dariusz Śmiłowicz
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin 53705 USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin 53705 USA
| | - Jennifer N Whetter
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin 53705 USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin 53705 USA
| | - Joseph A Cotruvo
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
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27
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Banta S. How a protein differentiates between rare-earth elements. Nature 2023; 618:35-36. [PMID: 37259005 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-01739-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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28
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Mattocks JA, Jung JJ, Lin CY, Dong Z, Yennawar NH, Featherston ER, Kang-Yun CS, Hamilton TA, Park DM, Boal AK, Cotruvo JA. Enhanced rare-earth separation with a metal-sensitive lanmodulin dimer. Nature 2023; 618:87-93. [PMID: 37259003 PMCID: PMC10232371 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Technologically critical rare-earth elements are notoriously difficult to separate, owing to their subtle differences in ionic radius and coordination number1-3. The natural lanthanide-binding protein lanmodulin (LanM)4,5 is a sustainable alternative to conventional solvent-extraction-based separation6. Here we characterize a new LanM, from Hansschlegelia quercus (Hans-LanM), with an oligomeric state sensitive to rare-earth ionic radius, the lanthanum(III)-induced dimer being >100-fold tighter than the dysprosium(III)-induced dimer. X-ray crystal structures illustrate how picometre-scale differences in radius between lanthanum(III) and dysprosium(III) are propagated to Hans-LanM's quaternary structure through a carboxylate shift that rearranges a second-sphere hydrogen-bonding network. Comparison to the prototypal LanM from Methylorubrum extorquens reveals distinct metal coordination strategies, rationalizing Hans-LanM's greater selectivity within the rare-earth elements. Finally, structure-guided mutagenesis of a key residue at the Hans-LanM dimer interface modulates dimerization in solution and enables single-stage, column-based separation of a neodymium(III)/dysprosium(III) mixture to >98% individual element purities. This work showcases the natural diversity of selective lanthanide recognition motifs, and it reveals rare-earth-sensitive dimerization as a biological principle by which to tune the performance of biomolecule-based separation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Mattocks
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan J Jung
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Chi-Yun Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ziye Dong
- Critical Materials Institute, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Neela H Yennawar
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emily R Featherston
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Christina S Kang-Yun
- Critical Materials Institute, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Timothy A Hamilton
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Dan M Park
- Critical Materials Institute, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
| | - Amie K Boal
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Joseph A Cotruvo
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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29
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Hostert JD, Sepesy MR, Duval CE, Renner JN. Clickable polymer scaffolds enable Ce recovery with peptide ligands. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2823-2831. [PMID: 37000583 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01664h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are a vital part of many technologies with particular importance to the renewable energy sector and there is a pressing need for environmentally friendly and sustainable processes to recover and recycle them from waste streams. Functionalized polymer scaffolds are a promising means to recover REEs due to the ability to engineer both transport properties of the porous material and specificity for target ions. In this work, REE adsorbing polymer scaffolds were synthesized by first introducing poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (GMA) brushes onto porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) surface through activator generated electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (AGET ATRP). Azide moieties were then introduced through a ring opening reaction of GMA. Subsequently, REE-binding peptides were conjugated to the polymer surface through copper catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry. The presence of GMA, azide, and peptide was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Polymer scaffolds functionalized with the REE-binding peptide bound cerium, while polymer scaffolds functionalized with a scrambled control peptide bound significantly less cerium. Importantly, this study shows that the REE binding peptide retains its functionality when bound to a polymer surface. The conjugation strategy employed in this work can be used to introduce peptides onto other polymeric surfaces and tailor surface specificity for a wide variety of ions and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Hostert
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2102 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | - Maura R Sepesy
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2102 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | - Christine E Duval
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2102 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | - Julie N Renner
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2102 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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30
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Ye Q, Jin X, Zhu B, Gao H, Wei N. Lanmodulin-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Highly Selective Biosorbent for Recovery of Rare Earth Elements. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4276-4285. [PMID: 36790366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recovering rare earth elements (REEs) from waste streams represents a sustainable approach to diversify REE supply while alleviating the environmental burden. However, it remains a critical challenge to selectively separate and concentrate REEs from low-grade waste streams. In this study, we developed a new type of biosorbent by immobilizing Lanmodulin-SpyCatcher (LanM-Spycatcher) on the surface of SpyTag-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for selective separation and recovery of REEs from waste streams. The biosorbent, referred to as MNP-LanM, had an adsorption activity of 6.01 ± 0.11 μmol-terbium/g-sorbent and fast adsorption kinetics. The adsorbed REEs could be desorbed with >90% efficiency. The MNP-LanM selectively adsorbed REEs in the presence of a broad range of non-REEs. The protein storage stability of the MNP-LanM increased by two-fold compared to free LanM-SpyCatcher. The MNP-LanM could be efficiently separated using a magnet and reused with high stability as it retained ∼95% of the initial activity after eight adsorption-desorption cycles. Furthermore, the MNP-LanM selectively adsorbed and concentrated REEs from the leachate of coal fly ash and geothermal brine, resulting in 967-fold increase of REE purity. This study provides a scientific basis for developing innovative biosorptive materials for selective and efficient separation and recovery of REEs from low-grade feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhui Ye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 3221 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xiuyu Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 3221 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Baotong Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 3221 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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31
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Tailored hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for removing trace aluminum impurity to produce high-purity GdCl3. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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32
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Johnson K, Driscoll DM, Damron JT, Ivanov AS, Jansone-Popova S. Size Selective Ligand Tug of War Strategy to Separate Rare Earth Elements. JACS AU 2023; 3:584-591. [PMID: 36873676 PMCID: PMC9976341 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Separating rare earth elements is a daunting task due to their similar properties. We report a "tug of war" strategy that employs a lipophilic and hydrophilic ligand with contrasting selectivity, resulting in a magnified separation of target rare earth elements. Specifically, a novel water-soluble bis-lactam-1,10-phenanthroline with an affinity for light lanthanides is coupled with oil-soluble diglycolamide that selectively binds heavy lanthanides. This two-ligand strategy yields a quantitative separation of the lightest (e.g., La-Nd) and heaviest (e.g., Ho-Lu) lanthanides, enabling efficient separation of neighboring lanthanides in-between (e.g., Sm-Dy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine
R. Johnson
- Nuclear
Energy and Fuel Cycle Division, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Darren M. Driscoll
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Joshua T. Damron
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alexander S. Ivanov
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Santa Jansone-Popova
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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33
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Abstract
Living systems are built from a small subset of the atomic elements, including the bulk macronutrients (C,H,N,O,P,S) and ions (Mg,K,Na,Ca) together with a small but variable set of trace elements (micronutrients). Here, we provide a global survey of how chemical elements contribute to life. We define five classes of elements: those that are (i) essential for all life, (ii) essential for many organisms in all three domains of life, (iii) essential or beneficial for many organisms in at least one domain, (iv) beneficial to at least some species, and (v) of no known beneficial use. The ability of cells to sustain life when individual elements are absent or limiting relies on complex physiological and evolutionary mechanisms (elemental economy). This survey of elemental use across the tree of life is encapsulated in a web-based, interactive periodic table that summarizes the roles chemical elements in biology and highlights corresponding mechanisms of elemental economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleigh A Remick
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - John D Helmann
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.
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34
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Breijaert TC, Budnyak TM, Kessler VK, Seisenbaeva GA. Tailoring a bio-based adsorbent for sequestration of late transition and rare earth elements. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:17978-17986. [PMID: 36412094 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03150g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The demand for new renewable energy sources, improved energy storage and exhaust-free transportation requires the use of large quantities of rare earth (REE) and late transition (LTM, group 8-12) elements. In order to achieve sustainability in their use, an efficient green recycling technology is required. Here, an approach, a synthetic route and an evaluation of the designed bio-based material are reported. Cotton-derived nano cellulose particles were functionalized with a polyamino ligand, tris(2-aminoethyl) amine (TAEA), achieving ligand content of up to ca. 0.8 mmol g-1. The morphology and structure of the produced adsorbent were revealed by PXRD, SEM-EDS, AFM and FTIR techniques. The adsorption capacity and kinetics of REE and LTM were investigated by conductometric photometric titrations, revealing quick uptake, high adsorption capacity and pronounced selectivity for LTM compared to REE. Molecular insights into the mode of action of the adsorbent were obtained via the investigation of the molecular structure of the Ni(II)-TAEA complex by an X-ray single crystal study. The bio-based adsorbent nanomaterial demonstrated in this work opens up a perspective for tailoring specific adsorbents in the sequestration of REE and LTM for their sustainable recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy C Breijaert
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Biocentrum, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 5, Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Tetyana M Budnyak
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vadim K Kessler
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Biocentrum, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 5, Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Gulaim A Seisenbaeva
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Biocentrum, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 5, Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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35
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Gupta S, Ward CL, Perera SS, Gowan CT, Dittrich TM, Allen MJ, McElmurry SP, Kodanko JJ. Development of a Highly Selective Ni(II) Chelator in Aqueous Solution. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19492-19501. [PMID: 36414257 PMCID: PMC10391596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and characterization of a novel Ni(II) chelator SG-20 is reported. SG-20 is selective in binding to Ni(II) versus other metal ions including Cu(II), Fe(II), Co(II), and Zn(II). At pH = 7.1, SG-20 binds Ni(II) with a Kd = 7.0 ± 0.4 μM. Job analysis indicates that SG-20 binds to both Ni(II) and Cu(II) with a 1:1 stoichiometry. Affinity of SG-20 for Ni(II) is pH dependent and decreases upon lowering to pH 4.0. A green solid was isolated from the reaction of SG-20 with NiCl2·6H2O in MeOH and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electronic absorption and infrared (IR) spectroscopies, and mass spectrometry. Collectively, XPS and IR analysis revealed Ni-N and Ni-O interactions and a shift in C-O asymmetric and symmetric stretches consistent with Ni binding. Attempts to crystalize a mononuclear complex were unsuccessful, likely due to the Ni-SG-20 complex being in equilibrium with higher order species in solution. However, reaction of SG-20 with NiCl2·6H2O in water followed by slow evaporation yielded green crystals that were characterized by electronic absorption spectroscopy (λmax = 260 nm) and X-ray crystallography. These analyses revealed that SG-20 supports formation of a complex cluster containing six SG-20 ligands, 15 Ni(II), and three Na(I) centers, with two distinct types of Ni atoms in its outer and inner core. The nine Ni atoms present in the inner core were bound by oxo and carbonate bridges, whereas the six Ni atoms present in its outer shell were bound to N, O, and S donor atoms derived from SG-20. Overall, X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that two chelator arms of SG-20 bind to one Ni(II) ion with an axial aqua ligand, whereas the third arm is free to interact with Ni ions within the central cluster, supporting the goal of Ni capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayak Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Cassandra L Ward
- Lumigen Instrument Center, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - S Sameera Perera
- Lumigen Instrument Center, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Conor T Gowan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Timothy M Dittrich
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Matthew J Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Shawn P McElmurry
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jeremy J Kodanko
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Higgins RF, Ruoff KP, Kumar A, Schelter EJ. Coordination Chemistry-Driven Approaches to Rare Earth Element Separations. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2616-2627. [PMID: 36041177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Current projections for global mining indicate that unsustainable practices will cause supply problems for many elements, called critical raw materials, in the next 20 years. These include elements necessary for renewable technologies as well as artisanal sources. Energy critical elements (ECEs) comprise a group used for clean, renewable energy applications that are in low abundance in the Earth's crust or require an economic premium to extract from ores. Sustainable practices of acquiring ECEs is an important problem to address through fundamental research to provide alternative energy technologies such as wind turbines and electric vehicles at cheaper costs for our global energy generation and usage. Some of these green technologies incorporate rare-earth (RE) metals (Sc, Y and the lanthanides), which are challenging to separate from mineral sources because of their similar sizes (i.e., ionic radii) and chemical properties. The current process used to provide REs at requisite purities for these applications is counter-current solvent-solvent extraction, which is scalable and works efficiently for any ore composition. However, this method produces large amounts of caustic waste that is environmentally damaging, especially to areas in China that house major separation facilities. Advancement of the selectivity of this process is challenging since exact molecular speciation that affords separations is still relatively unknown. In this context, we developed a program to investigate new RE separations systems that were aimed at minimizing solvent use, controlled by molecular speciation, and could be targeted at problems in recycling these critical metals.The first ligand system that was developed to impart solubility differences between light and heavy rare-earth ions was [{(2-tBuNO)C6H4CH2}3N]3- (TriNOx3-) (graphic below). A differential solubility allowed for a separation of Nd and Dy of SFNd:Dy = ∼300 in a single step. In other words, a 50:50 Nd/Dy sample was enriched to give 95% pure Nd and Dy through a simple filtration, which is potentially impactful to recycling magnetic materials found in wind turbines. This separations system compares favorably to other state-of-the-art molecular extractants that are based on energetic differences of the thermodynamic parameter to affect separations for neighboring elements. This straightforward, thermodynamically driven method to separate REs primed our future research for new coordination chemistry approaches to separations.Another separations system was accomplished through the variable rate of a redox event from one arm of the TriNOx3- ligand. It was determined that the rate of this one electron oxidation, which operated through an electrochemical-chemical-electrochemical mechanism, was dependent on the identity of the RE ion. This kinetically driven separation afforded a separation factor (SF) of SFEu:Y = 75. We have also described other transformations such as ligand exchange, substituent dependent, and redox-driven chelation processes with well-defined speciation to afford purified RE materials. Recently, we determined that magnetic properties can be used to enhance both thermodynamic and kinetic RE separations processes to give an approximately 100% boost for pairs of paramagnetic/diamagnetic REs. These results have shown that both thermodynamic and kinetic RE separations were efficient for different selected RE binary pairs through coordination chemistry. The focus of this Account will detail the differences that are observed for RE separations when promoted by thermodynamic or kinetic factors. Overall, the development of rationally adjusted speciation of REs provides a basis for future industrial separations processes for technologies applied to ECEs derived from wind turbines, batteries for electric vehicles, and LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Higgins
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kevin P Ruoff
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amit Kumar
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eric J Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Xie X, Yang K, Lu Y, Li Y, Yan J, Huang J, Xu L, Yang M, Yan Y. Broad-spectrum and effective rare earth enriching via Lanmodulin-displayed Yarrowia lipolytica. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129561. [PMID: 35999730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The traditional mining processes of rare earth elements (REEs) are accompanied by the production of a large number of acid mine drainage rich in REEs. A wide-adaptive, low-cost and environmentally friendly biosorbent is an attractive technology to enrich and recycle REEs from the liquid wastes. To construct a broad-spectrum and efficient biosorbent, a novel REEs-binding protein Lanmodulin (LanM) is successfully displayed on the cell surface of a fungus, Yarrowia lipolytica, for the first time, and the adsorption capacities for various REEs are studied. The LanM-displayed Y. lipolytica shows significantly enhanced adsorption capacities for multiple REEs, achieving the highest reported values of 49.83 ± 2.87 mg Yb /g DCW, 50.38 ± 1.46 mg Tm /g DCW, 49.94 ± 3.61 mg Er /g DCW and 48.72 ± 3.09 mg Tb/g DCW, respectively. Moreover, the LanM-displayed Y. lipolytica possesses a high selectivity for REEs over other common metal cations and excellent suitability under acidic conditions. The kinetics and equilibrium analysis of biosorption processes agree well with the pseudo-first kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model. Based on the FTIR and SEM-EDS analysis, the chelation with phosphate/carboxylate groups dominates the Yb binding in LanM-displayed cells, and LanM enhances the adsorption performances by introducing more binding sites with high selectivity towards a wide range of REEs. Thus, the LanM-displayed Y. lipolytica investigated in this study exhibits prosperous potential for the enriching/removal of REEs from acid mine drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Xie
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kaixin Yang
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yunpan Lu
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yunchong Li
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinyong Yan
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yunjun Yan
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Daumann LJ, Pol A, Op den Camp HJM, Martinez-Gomez NC. A perspective on the role of lanthanides in biology: Discovery, open questions and possible applications. Adv Microb Physiol 2022; 81:1-24. [PMID: 36167440 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Because of their use in high technologies like computers, smartphones and renewable energy applications, lanthanides (belonging to the group of rare earth elements) are essential for our daily lives. A range of applications in medicine and biochemical research made use of their photo-physical properties. The discovery of a biological role for lanthanides has boosted research in this new field. Several methanotrophs and methylotrophs are strictly dependent on the presence of lanthanides in the growth medium while others show a regulatory response. After the first demonstration of a lanthanide in the active site of the XoxF-type pyrroloquinoline quinone methanol dehydrogenases, follow-up studies showed the same for other pyrroloquinoline quinone-containing enzymes. In addition, research focused on the effect of lanthanides on regulation of gene expression and uptake mechanism into bacterial cells. This review briefly describes the discovery of the role of lanthanides in biology and focuses on open questions in biological lanthanide research and possible application of lanthanide-containing bacteria and enzymes in recovery of these special elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena J Daumann
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Arjan Pol
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Huub J M Op den Camp
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - N Cecilia Martinez-Gomez
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
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39
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Xiao W, Pan D, Niu Z, Fan Y, Wu S, Wu W. Opportunities and challenges of high-pressure ion exchange chromatography for nuclide separation and enrichment. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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40
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Solvent-driven fractional crystallization for atom-efficient separation of metal salts from permanent magnet leachates. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3789. [PMID: 35778388 PMCID: PMC9249736 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports a dimethyl ether-driven fractional crystallization process for separating rare earth elements and transition metals. The process has been successfully applied in the treatment of rare earth element-bearing permanent magnet leachates as an atom-efficient, reagent-free separation method. Using ~5 bar pressure, the solvent was dissolved into the aqueous system to displace the contained metal salts as solid precipitates. Treatments at distinct temperatures ranging from 20–31 °C enable crystallization of either lanthanide-rich or transition metal-rich products, with single-stage solute recovery of up to 95.9% and a separation factor as high as 704. Separation factors increase with solution purity, suggesting feasibility for eco-friendly solution treatments in series and parallel to purify aqueous material streams. Staged treatments are demonstrated as capable of further improving the separation factor and purity of crystallized products. Upon completion of a crystallization, the solvent can be recovered with high efficiency at ambient pressure. This separation process involves low energy and reagent requirements and does not contribute to waste generation. Rare earth elements are essential to electrified infrastructure and clean energy production. Here, authors show reagent- and energy-efficient separation of lanthanides from secondary feedstock using dimethyl ether-driven fractional crystallization.
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Liu T, Johnson KR, Jansone-Popova S, Jiang DE. Advancing Rare-Earth Separation by Machine Learning. JACS AU 2022; 2:1428-1434. [PMID: 35783179 PMCID: PMC9241157 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Constituting the bulk of rare-earth elements, lanthanides need to be separated to fully realize their potential as critical materials in many important technologies. The discovery of new ligands for improving rare-earth separations by solvent extraction, the most practical rare-earth separation process, is still largely based on trial and error, a low-throughput and inefficient approach. A predictive model that allows high-throughput screening of ligands is needed to identify suitable ligands to achieve enhanced separation performance. Here, we show that deep neural networks, trained on the available experimental data, can be used to predict accurate distribution coefficients for solvent extraction of lanthanide ions, thereby opening the door to high-throughput screening of ligands for rare-earth separations. One innovative approach that we employed is a combined representation of ligands with both molecular physicochemical descriptors and atomic extended-connectivity fingerprints, which greatly boosts the accuracy of the trained model. More importantly, we synthesized four new ligands and found that the predicted distribution coefficients from our trained machine-learning model match well with the measured values. Therefore, our machine-learning approach paves the way for accelerating the discovery of new ligands for rare-earth separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Katherine R. Johnson
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Santa Jansone-Popova
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - De-en Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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42
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Guo HB, Perminov A, Bekele S, Kedziora G, Farajollahi S, Varaljay V, Hinkle K, Molinero V, Meister K, Hung C, Dennis P, Kelley-Loughnane N, Berry R. AlphaFold2 models indicate that protein sequence determines both structure and dynamics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10696. [PMID: 35739160 PMCID: PMC9226352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AlphaFold 2 (AF2) has placed Molecular Biology in a new era where we can visualize, analyze and interpret the structures and functions of all proteins solely from their primary sequences. We performed AF2 structure predictions for various protein systems, including globular proteins, a multi-domain protein, an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), a randomized protein, two larger proteins (> 1000 AA), a heterodimer and a homodimer protein complex. Our results show that along with the three dimensional (3D) structures, AF2 also decodes protein sequences into residue flexibilities via both the predicted local distance difference test (pLDDT) scores of the models, and the predicted aligned error (PAE) maps. We show that PAE maps from AF2 are correlated with the distance variation (DV) matrices from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which reveals that the PAE maps can predict the dynamical nature of protein residues. Here, we introduce the AF2-scores, which are simply derived from pLDDT scores and are in the range of [0, 1]. We found that for most protein models, including large proteins and protein complexes, the AF2-scores are highly correlated with the root mean square fluctuations (RMSF) calculated from MD simulations. However, for an IDP and a randomized protein, the AF2-scores do not correlate with the RMSF from MD, especially for the IDP. Our results indicate that the protein structures predicted by AF2 also convey information of the residue flexibility, i.e., protein dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Bo Guo
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, 45433, OH, USA
- UES Inc., Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Alexander Perminov
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, 45433, OH, USA
- Computer Science Department, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Selemon Bekele
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, 45433, OH, USA
- UES Inc., Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Gary Kedziora
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Inc., Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, 45433, OH, USA
| | - Sanaz Farajollahi
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, 45433, OH, USA
- UES Inc., Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Vanessa Varaljay
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, 45433, OH, USA
| | - Kevin Hinkle
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Dayton University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Valeria Molinero
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Konrad Meister
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, AK, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Chia Hung
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, 45433, OH, USA
| | - Patrick Dennis
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, 45433, OH, USA
| | - Nancy Kelley-Loughnane
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, 45433, OH, USA.
| | - Rajiv Berry
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, 45433, OH, USA.
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43
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Hovey JL, Dittrich TM, Allen MJ. Coordination Chemistry of Surface-Associated Ligands for Solid–Liquid Adsorption of Rare-Earth Elements. J RARE EARTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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44
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Bashiri A, Nikzad A, Maleki R, Asadnia M, Razmjou A. Rare Earth Elements Recovery Using Selective Membranes via Extraction and Rejection. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:80. [PMID: 35054606 PMCID: PMC8779715 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, demands for raw materials like rare earth elements (REEs) have increased considerably due to their high potential applications in modern industry. Additionally, REEs' similar chemical and physical properties caused their separation to be difficult. Numerous strategies for REEs separation such as precipitation, adsorption and solvent extraction have been applied. However, these strategies have various disadvantages such as low selectivity and purity of desired elements, high cost, vast consumption of chemicals and creation of many pollutions due to remaining large amounts of acidic and alkaline wastes. Membrane separation technology (MST), as an environmentally friendly approach, has recently attracted much attention for the extraction of REEs. The separation of REEs by membranes usually occurs through three mechanisms: (1) complexation of REE ions with extractant that is embedded in the membrane matrix, (2) adsorption of REE ions on the surface created-active sites on the membrane and (3) the rejection of REE ions or REEs complex with organic materials from the membrane. In this review, we investigated the effect of these mechanisms on the selectivity and efficiency of the membrane separation process. Finally, potential directions for future studies were recommended at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyeh Bashiri
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16845-161, Iran;
| | - Arash Nikzad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2054-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada;
| | - Reza Maleki
- Department of Physics, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-547, Iran;
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Amir Razmjou
- UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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45
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Mattocks JA, Cotruvo JA, Deblonde GJP. Engineering lanmodulin's selectivity for actinides over lanthanides by controlling solvent coordination and second-sphere interactions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6054-6066. [PMID: 35685815 PMCID: PMC9132084 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01261h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing chelators that combine high affinity and selectivity for lanthanides and/or actinides is paramount for numerous industries, including rare earths mining, nuclear waste management, and cancer medicine. In particular, achieving selectivity between actinides and lanthanides is notoriously difficult. The protein lanmodulin (LanM) is one of Nature's most selective chelators for trivalent actinides and lanthanides. However, mechanistic understanding of LanM's affinity and selectivity for f-elements remains limited. In order to decipher, and possibly improve, the features of LanM's metal-binding sites that contribute to this actinide/lanthanide selectivity, we characterized five LanM variants, substituting the aspartate residue at the 9th position of each metal-binding site with asparagine, histidine, alanine, methionine, and selenomethionine. Spectroscopic measurements with lanthanides (Nd3+ and Eu3+) and actinides (243Am3+ and 248Cm3+) reveal that, contrary to the behavior of small chelator complexes, metal-coordinated water molecules enhance LanM's affinity for f-elements and pH-stability of its complexes. Furthermore, the results show that the native aspartate does not coordinate the metal directly but rather hydrogen bonds to coordinated solvent. By tuning this first-sphere/second-sphere interaction, the asparagine variant nearly doubles LanM's selectivity for actinides versus lanthanides. This study not only clarifies the essential role of coordinated solvent for LanM's physiological function and separation applications, but it also demonstrates that LanM's preference for actinides over lanthanides can be further improved. More broadly, it demonstrates how biomolecular scaffolds possess an expanded repertoire of tunable interactions compared to most small-molecule ligands – providing an avenue for high-performance LanM-based actinide/lanthanide separation methods and bio-engineered chelators optimized for specific medical isotopes. Nature’s most potent protein for f-elements, lanmodulin, relies on subtle first-sphere/second-sphere interactions to bind metal ions. Dissecting lanmodulin’s binding mechanism yielded variants with enhanced actinide/lanthanide selectivity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Mattocks
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Joseph A. Cotruvo
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Gauthier J.-P. Deblonde
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Gutenthaler SM, Tsushima S, Steudtner R, Gailer M, Hoffmann-Röder A, Drobot B, Daumann LJ. Lanmodulin peptides – unravelling the binding of the EF-Hand loop sequences stripped from the structural corset. Inorg Chem Front 2022; 9:4009-4021. [PMID: 36091973 PMCID: PMC9362731 DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00933a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lanmodulin (LanM), a naturally lanthanide (Ln)-binding protein with a remarkable selectivity for Lns over Ca(ii) and affinities in the picomolar range, is an attractive target to address challenges in Ln separation. Why LanM has such a high selectivity is currently not entirely understood; both specific amino acid sequences of the EF-Hand loops and cooperativity effects have been suggested. Here, we removed the effect of cooperativity and synthesised all four 12-amino acid EF-Hand loop peptides, and investigated their affinity for two Lns (Eu(iii) and Tb(iii)), the actinide Cm(iii) and Ca(ii). Using isothermal titration calorimetry and time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) combined with parallel factor analysis, we show that the four short peptides behave very similarly, having affinities in the micromolar range for Eu(iii) and Tb(iii). Ca(ii) was shown not to bind to the peptides, which was verified with circular dichroism spectroscopy. This technique also revealed an increase in structural organisation upon Eu(iii) addition, which was supported by molecular dynamics simulations. Lastly, we put Eu(iii) and Cm(iii) in direct competition using TRLFS. Remarkably, a slightly higher affinity for Cm(iii) was found. Our results demonstrate that the picomolar affinities in LanM are largely an effect of pre-structuring and therefore a reduction of flexibility in combination with cooperative effects, and that all EF-Hand loops possess similar affinities when detached from the protein backbone, albeit still retaining the high selectivity for lanthanides and actinides over calcium. Taking a closer look at Lanmodulin’s remarkable selectivity for lanthanides (Ln) over Ca(ii) and high Ln/actinide affinities on the amino acid level by investigating the four binding-loops as peptides with Ca(ii), Eu(iii), Tb(iii) and Cm(iii).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M. Gutenthaler
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Satoru Tsushima
- Institute of Resource Ecology Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V. Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- International Research Frontiers Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robin Steudtner
- Institute of Resource Ecology Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V. Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manuel Gailer
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Anja Hoffmann-Röder
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Björn Drobot
- Institute of Resource Ecology Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V. Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lena J. Daumann
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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Daumann LJ. A Natural Lanthanide-Binding Protein Facilitates Separation and Recovery of Rare Earth Elements. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1780-1782. [PMID: 34849400 PMCID: PMC8620551 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lena J. Daumann
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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