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Barr KE, Ohnsorg ML, Liberman L, Corcoran LG, Sarode A, Nagapudi K, Feder CR, Bates FS, Reineke TM. Drug-Polymer Nanodroplet Formation and Morphology Drive Solubility Enhancement of GDC-0810. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:499-516. [PMID: 38546823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Nanodroplet formation is important to achieve supersaturation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in an amorphous solid dispersion. The aim of the current study was to explore how polymer composition, architecture, molar mass, and surfactant concentration affect polymer-drug nanodroplet morphology with the breast cancer API, GDC-0810. The impact of nanodroplet size and morphology on dissolution efficacy and drug loading capacity was explored using polarized light microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-stat-N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PND) was synthesized as two linear derivatives and two bottlebrush derivatives with carboxylated or PEGylated end-groups. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate grade MF (HPMCAS-MF) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA) were included as commercial polymer controls. We report the first copolymerization synthesis of a PVPVA bottlebrush copolymer, which was the highest performing excipient in this study, maintaining 688 μg/mL GDC-0810 concentration at 60 wt % drug loading. This is likely due to strong polymer-drug noncovalent interactions and the compaction of GDC-0810 along the PVPVA bottlebrush backbone. Overall, it was observed that the most effective formulations had a hydrodynamic radius less than 25 nm with tightly compacted nanodroplet morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee E Barr
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Monica L Ohnsorg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Lucy Liberman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Louis G Corcoran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Apoorva Sarode
- Synthetic Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Synthetic Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christina R Feder
- Synthetic Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Frank S Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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2
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Liu YS, Della Rocca J, Schenck L, Koynov A, Sifri RJ, Winston MS, Frank DS. Poly(vinylpyridine- co-vinylpyridine N-oxide) Excipients Mediate Rapid Dissolution and Sustained Supersaturation of Posaconazole Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1182-1191. [PMID: 38323546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The chemical structure of excipients molecularly mixed in an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) has a significant impact on properties of the ASD including dissolution behavior, physical stability, and bioavailability. Polymers used in ASDs require a balance between hydrophobic and hydrophilic functionalities to ensure rapid dissolution of the amorphous dispersion as well as sustained supersaturation of the drug in solution. This work demonstrates the use of postpolymerization functionalization of poly(vinylpyridine) excipients to elucidate the impact of polymer properties on the dissolution behavior of amorphous dispersions containing posaconazole. It was found that N-oxidation of pyridine functionalities increased the solubility of poly(vinylpyridine) derivatives in neutral aqueous conditions and allowed for nanoparticle formation which supplied posaconazole into solution at concentrations exceeding those achieved by more conventional excipients such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) or Eudragit E PO. By leveraging these functional modifications of the parent poly(vinylpyridine) excipient to increase polymer hydrophilicity and minimize the effect of polymer on pH, a new polymeric excipient was optimized for rapid dissolution and supersaturation maintenance for a model compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Liu
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Joseph Della Rocca
- Oral Formulation Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Luke Schenck
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Athanas Koynov
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Renee J Sifri
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Matthew S Winston
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Derek S Frank
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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3
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Reese TC, Devineni A, Smith T, Lalami I, Ahn JM, Raj GV. Evaluating physiochemical properties of FDA-approved orally administered drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:225-238. [PMID: 37921049 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2275617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Analyses of orally administered FDA-approved drugs from 1990 to 1993 enabled the identification of a set of physiochemical properties known as Lipinski's Rule of Five (Ro5). The original Ro5 and extended versions still remain the reference criteria for drug development programs. Since many bioactive compounds do not conform to the Ro5, we validated the relevance of and adherence to these rulesets in a contemporary cohort of FDA-approved drugs. AREAS COVERED The authors noted that a significant proportion of FDA-approved orally administered parent compounds from 2011 to 2022 deviate from the original Ro5 criteria (~38%) or the Ro5 with extensions (~53%). They then evaluated if a contemporary Ro5 criteria (cRo5) could be devised to better predict oral bioavailability. Furthermore, they discuss many case studies showcasing the need for and benefit of increasing the size of certain compounds and cover several evolving strategies for improving oral bioavailability. EXPERT OPINION Despite many revisions to the Ro5, the authors find that no single proposed physiochemical rule has universal concordance with absolute oral bioavailability. Innovations in drug delivery and formulation have dramatically expanded the range of physicochemical properties and the chemical diversity for oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner C Reese
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Anvita Devineni
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Tristan Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA
| | - Ismail Lalami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA
| | - Jung-Mo Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
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4
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Gu H, Zhang T, Guan T, Wu M, Li S, Li Y, Guo M, Zhang L, Peng Y, Mi D, Liu M, Yi Z, Chen Y. Discovery of a Highly Potent and Selective MYOF Inhibitor with Improved Water Solubility for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16917-16938. [PMID: 38054798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Myoferlin (MYOF) mediates the growth and metastasis of various cancers as an emerging therapeutic target by regulating exocytosis and endocytosis. However, the previously reported MYOF inhibitor, 6y, failed to be a favorable candidate agent due to its poor physicochemical properties, such as water solubility, in preclinical studies. Naturally, a novel range of MYOF inhibitors was synthesized and optimized based on the lead compound 6y. The optimal compound HJ445A potently repressed the proliferation of gastric cancer cells with IC50 values of 0.16 and 0.14 μM in MGC803 and MKN45, respectively. Moreover, HJ445A bound to the MYOF-C2D domain with a KD of 0.17 μM, and HJ445A prevented the migration of gastric cancer cells by reversing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and inhibited the colony formation of the MKN45 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Notably, the water solubility of HJ445A was significantly improved compared to 6y, with about 170-fold enhancement. Additionally, HJ445A also demonstrated superior antitumor efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tian Guan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Min Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yunqi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yangrui Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dazhao Mi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhengfang Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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5
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Rodríguez-Nogales C, Meeus J, Thonus G, Corveleyn S, Allémann E, Jordan O. Spray-dried nanocrystal-loaded polymer microparticles for long-term release local therapies: an opportunity for poorly soluble drugs. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2284683. [PMID: 37994039 PMCID: PMC10987046 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2284683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano- and micro-technologies can salvage drugs with very low solubility that were doomed to pre-clinical and clinical failure. A unique design approach to develop drug nanocrystals (NCs) loaded in extended release polymeric microparticles (MPs) for local treatments is presented here through the case of a potential osteoarthritis (OA) drug candidate for intra-articular (IA) administration. Optimizing a low-shear wet milling process allowed the production of NCs that can be subsequently freeze-dried (FD) and redispersed in a hydrophobic polymer-organic solvent solution to form spray-dried MPs. Results demonstrated a successful development of a ready-to-upscale formulation containing PLGA MPs with high drug NC encapsulation rates that showed a continuous and controlled drug release profile over four months. The screenings and procedures described allowed for identifying and overcoming common difficulties and challenges raised along the drug reduction to nano-size and spray-drying process. Above all, the technical knowledge acquired is intended for formulation scientists aiming to improve the therapeutic perspectives of poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rodríguez-Nogales
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joke Meeus
- CMC Analytical Development, Galapagos NV, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Gaby Thonus
- CMC Analytical Development, Galapagos NV, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Sam Corveleyn
- CMC Analytical Development, Galapagos NV, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Eric Allémann
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Jordan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
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6
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Ting JM, Tamayo-Mendoza T, Petersen SR, Van Reet J, Ahmed UA, Snell NJ, Fisher JD, Stern M, Oviedo F. Frontiers in nonviral delivery of small molecule and genetic drugs, driven by polymer chemistry and machine learning for materials informatics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14197-14209. [PMID: 37955165 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04705a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Materials informatics (MI) has immense potential to accelerate the pace of innovation and new product development in biotechnology. Close collaborations between skilled physical and life scientists with data scientists are being established in pursuit of leveraging MI tools in automation and artificial intelligence (AI) to predict material properties in vitro and in vivo. However, the scarcity of large, standardized, and labeled materials data for connecting structure-function relationships represents one of the largest hurdles to overcome. In this Highlight, focus is brought to emerging developments in polymer-based therapeutic delivery platforms, where teams generate large experimental datasets around specific therapeutics and successfully establish a design-to-deployment cycle of specialized nanocarriers. Three select collaborations demonstrate how custom-built polymers protect and deliver small molecules, nucleic acids, and proteins, representing ideal use-cases for machine learning to understand how molecular-level interactions impact drug stabilization and release. We conclude with our perspectives on how MI innovations in automation efficiencies and digitalization of data-coupled with fundamental insight and creativity from the polymer science community-can accelerate translation of more gene therapies into lifesaving medicines.
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7
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Hassler JF, Lawson M, Arroyo EC, Bates FS, Hackel BJ, Lodge TP. Discovery of Kinetic Trapping of Poloxamers inside Liposomes via Thermal Treatment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:14263-14274. [PMID: 37755825 PMCID: PMC10853007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Poloxamers, a class of biocompatible, commercially available amphiphilic block polymers (ABPs) comprising poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) blocks, interact with phospholipid bilayers, resulting in altered mechanical and surface properties. These block copolymers are useful in a variety of applications including therapeutics for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, as cell membrane stabilizers, and for drug delivery, as liposome surface modifying agents. Hydrogen bonding between water and oxygen atoms in PEO and PPO units results in thermoresponsive behavior because the bound water shell around both blocks dehydrates as the temperature increases. This motivated an investigation of poloxamer-lipid bilayer interactions as a function of temperature and thermal history. In this study, we applied pulsed-field-gradient NMR spectroscopy to measure the fraction of chains bound to 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) liposomes between 10 and 50 °C. We measured an (11 ± 3)-fold increase in binding affinity at 37 °C relative to 27 °C. Moreover, following incubation at 37 °C, it takes weeks for the system to re-equilibrate at 25 °C. Such slow desorption kinetics suggests that at elevated temperatures polymer chains can pass through the bilayer and access the interior of the liposomes, a mechanism that is inaccessible at lower temperatures. We propose a molecular mechanism to explain this effect, which could have important ramifications on the cellular distribution of ABPs and could be exploited to modulate the mechanical and surface properties of liposomes and cell membranes.
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8
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Supersaturation and Precipitation Applicated in Drug Delivery Systems: Development Strategies and Evaluation Approaches. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052212. [PMID: 36903470 PMCID: PMC10005129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Supersaturation is a promising strategy to improve gastrointestinal absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. Supersaturation is a metastable state and therefore dissolved drugs often quickly precipitate again. Precipitation inhibitors can prolong the metastable state. Supersaturating drug delivery systems (SDDS) are commonly formulated with precipitation inhibitors, hence the supersaturation is effectively prolonged for absorption, leading to improved bioavailability. This review summarizes the theory of and systemic insight into supersaturation, with the emphasis on biopharmaceutical aspects. Supersaturation research has developed from the generation of supersaturation (pH-shift, prodrug and SDDS) and the inhibition of precipitation (the mechanism of precipitation, the character of precipitation inhibitors and screening precipitation inhibitors). Then, the evaluation approaches to SDDS are discussed, including in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies and in vitro-in vivo correlations. In vitro aspects involve biorelevant medium, biomimetic apparatus and characterization instruments; in vivo aspects involve oral absorption, intestinal perfusion and intestinal content aspiration and in silico aspects involve molecular dynamics simulation and pharmacokinetic simulation. More physiological data of in vitro studies should be taken into account to simulate the in vivo environment. The supersaturation theory should be further completed, especially with regard to physiological conditions.
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9
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Messina KMM, Woys AM. Random Heteropolymer Excipients Improve the Colloidal Stability of a Monoclonal Antibody for Subcutaneous Administration. Pharm Res 2023; 40:525-536. [PMID: 36380169 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Developing stable high concentration monoclonal antibody (mAb) formulations is increasingly important to move toward subcutaneous (SC) administration for better patient experience. Challenges stemming from protein-protein interactions in these crowded solutions, such as colloidal instability, limit the feasibility of some formulations because of concerns of safety, product quality, and/or manufacturability. Herein, we report novel random heteropolymer excipients that improve the colloidal stability of a high concentration mAb formulation for SC administration. METHODS A library of polymers was synthesized and screened by a high-throughput, absorbance-based assay. The lead polymers were selected and characterized for their ability to alter the precipitation kinetics of a mAb in physiologically relevant conditions using two model systems. RESULTS Biophysical testing via surface tension measurements, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), microscale thermophoresis (MST), and intrinsic fluorescence quenching indicated that the polymers delayed onset of mAb precipitation from a combination of surfactant behaviour and interactions with the protein to prevent protein-protein interactions leading to colloidal instability. CONCLUSIONS The random heteropolymers described are a new class of excipients that may enable development of SC mAb formulations previously inaccessible to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M M Messina
- Pharmaceutical Development Department, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Ann Marie Woys
- Pharmaceutical Development Department, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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10
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Shi Q, Chen H, Wang Y, Wang R, Xu J, Zhang C. Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Role of the Polymer and Its Importance in Physical Stability and In Vitro Performance. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081747. [PMID: 36015373 PMCID: PMC9413000 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions stabilized by one or more polymer(s) have been widely used for delivering amorphous drugs with poor water solubilities, and they have gained great market success. Polymer selection is important for preparing robust amorphous solid dispersions, and considerations should be given as to how the critical attributes of a polymer can enhance the physical stability, and the in vitro and in vivo performances of a drug. This article provides a comprehensive overview for recent developments in the understanding the role of polymers in amorphous solid dispersions from the aspects of nucleation, crystal growth, overall crystallization, miscibility, phase separation, dissolution, and supersaturation. The critical properties of polymers affecting the physical stability and the in vitro performance of amorphous solid dispersions are also highlighted. Moreover, a perspective regarding the current research gaps and novel research directions for better understanding the role of the polymer is provided. This review will provide guidance for the rational design of polymer-based amorphous pharmaceutical solids with desired physicochemical properties from the perspective of physical stability and in vitro performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Haibiao Chen
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Ruoxun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Jia Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (C.Z.)
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11
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Abstract
Polymer science is one of the few fundamental research fields where the results can be transferred into real-life products almost immediately. Industries need collaborations with the best researchers (universities or national laboratories) to elevate the field and favor the development of new materials, which will boost the chemical and materials business economy and ensure that innovative and sustainable polymer products are constantly being brought to the market. The mechanisms to ensure a seamless and fruitful collaboration are numerous, but few approaches really manage to incorporate the full range of polymer research from a molecular understanding to a macroscopic control of properties. We review some of the main components of standard industry-academia collaborations and propose to develop polymer open centers that put the business development objective as the starting point of the collaboration and allow those to gather and focus on different scientific fields toward a common objective.
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12
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Structural modification aimed for improving solubility of lead compounds in early phase drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 56:116614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Mamai M, Giasafaki D, Salvanou EA, Charalambopoulou G, Steriotis T, Bouziotis P. Biodistribution of Mesoporous Carbon Nanoparticles via Technetium-99m Radiolabelling after Oral Administration to Mice. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3260. [PMID: 34947611 PMCID: PMC8703805 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of ordered mesoporous matrices, and in particular carbon-based mesoporous nanoparticles has shown great potential towards enhancing the bioavailability of orally administered drugs. Nevertheless, elucidation of the in vivo absorption, distribution, and excretion of such carriers is essential for understanding their behaviour, and radiolabelling provides a very useful way to track their occurrence inside the body. In this work, uniform spherical CMK-1-type ordered mesoporous carbon nanoparticles have been radiolabelled with Technetium-99m (99mTc) and traced after oral administration to mice. Ex vivo biodistribution studies showed that the radiolabelled nanoparticles accumulated almost exclusively in the gastrointestinal tract; complete elimination of the radiotracer was observed within 24 h after administration, with practically no uptake into other main organs. These findings along with the results from in vitro stability studies indicate that the spherical carbon nanoparticles examined could be safely used as drug carriers with minimal side effects, but also support the great value of radiolabelling methods for monitoring the particles' behaviour in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mamai
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (M.M.); (E.-A.S.)
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (D.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Dimitra Giasafaki
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (D.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Evangelia-Alexandra Salvanou
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (M.M.); (E.-A.S.)
| | - Georgia Charalambopoulou
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (M.M.); (E.-A.S.)
| | - Theodore Steriotis
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (D.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Penelope Bouziotis
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (M.M.); (E.-A.S.)
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14
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Mann JL, Maikawa CL, Smith AAA, Grosskopf AK, Baker SW, Roth GA, Meis CM, Gale EC, Liong CS, Correa S, Chan D, Stapleton LM, Yu AC, Muir B, Howard S, Postma A, Appel EA. An ultrafast insulin formulation enabled by high-throughput screening of engineered polymeric excipients. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/550/eaba6676. [PMID: 32611683 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba6676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin has been used to treat diabetes for almost 100 years; yet, current rapid-acting insulin formulations do not have sufficiently fast pharmacokinetics to maintain tight glycemic control at mealtimes. Dissociation of the insulin hexamer, the primary association state of insulin in rapid-acting formulations, is the rate-limiting step that leads to delayed onset and extended duration of action. A formulation of insulin monomers would more closely mimic endogenous postprandial insulin secretion, but monomeric insulin is unstable in solution using present formulation strategies and rapidly aggregates into amyloid fibrils. Here, we implement high-throughput-controlled radical polymerization techniques to generate a large library of acrylamide carrier/dopant copolymer (AC/DC) excipients designed to reduce insulin aggregation. Our top-performing AC/DC excipient candidate enabled the development of an ultrafast-absorbing insulin lispro (UFAL) formulation, which remains stable under stressed aging conditions for 25 ± 1 hours compared to 5 ± 2 hours for commercial fast-acting insulin lispro formulations (Humalog). In a porcine model of insulin-deficient diabetes, UFAL exhibited peak action at 9 ± 4 min, whereas commercial Humalog exhibited peak action at 25 ± 10 min. These ultrafast kinetics make UFAL a promising candidate for improving glucose control and reducing burden for patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Mann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Caitlin L Maikawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anton A A Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA.,Department of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Abigail K Grosskopf
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sam W Baker
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gillie A Roth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Catherine M Meis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Emily C Gale
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Celine S Liong
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Santiago Correa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Doreen Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Anthony C Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Ben Muir
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Shaun Howard
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Almar Postma
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Eric A Appel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics (Endocrinology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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15
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Upadhya R, Kosuri S, Tamasi M, Meyer TA, Atta S, Webb MA, Gormley AJ. Automation and data-driven design of polymer therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:1-28. [PMID: 33242537 PMCID: PMC8127395 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymers are uniquely suited for drug delivery and biomaterial applications due to tunable structural parameters such as length, composition, architecture, and valency. To facilitate designs, researchers may explore combinatorial libraries in a high throughput fashion to correlate structure to function. However, traditional polymerization reactions including controlled living radical polymerization (CLRP) and ring-opening polymerization (ROP) require inert reaction conditions and extensive expertise to implement. With the advent of air-tolerance and automation, several polymerization techniques are now compatible with well plates and can be carried out at the benchtop, making high throughput synthesis and high throughput screening (HTS) possible. To avoid HTS pitfalls often described as "fishing expeditions," it is crucial to employ intelligent and big data approaches to maximize experimental efficiency. This is where the disruptive technologies of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) will likely play a role. In fact, ML and AI are already impacting small molecule drug discovery and showing signs of emerging in drug delivery. In this review, we present state-of-the-art research in drug delivery, gene delivery, antimicrobial polymers, and bioactive polymers alongside data-driven developments in drug design and organic synthesis. From this insight, important lessons are revealed for the polymer therapeutics community including the value of a closed loop design-build-test-learn workflow. This is an exciting time as researchers will gain the ability to fully explore the polymer structural landscape and establish quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs) with biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Supriya Atta
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael A Webb
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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16
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Ohnsorg ML, Prendergast PC, Robinson LL, Bockman MR, Bates FS, Reineke TM. Bottlebrush Polymer Excipients Enhance Drug Solubility: Influence of End-Group Hydrophilicity and Thermoresponsiveness. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:375-381. [PMID: 35549060 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers have great potential as vehicles to noncovalently sequester, stabilize, and deliver hydrophobic small molecule actives. To this end, we synthesized a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-stat-N,N-dimethylacrylamide) bottlebrush copolymer using ring-opening metathesis polymerization and developed a facile method to control the thermoresponsive properties using postpolymerization modification. Six increasingly hydrophilic end-groups were installed, yielding cloud point temperature control over a range of 22-42 °C. Solubility enhancement of the antiseizure medication, phenytoin, increased significantly with the hydrophilicity of the end-group moiety. Notably, carboxylated bottlebrush copolymers solubilized formulations with higher drug loadings than linear copolymers because they exist as unimolecular nanoparticles with a synthetically defined density of polymer chains that are more stable in solution. This work provides the first investigation of bottlebrush polymers for hydrophobic noncovalent sequestration and solubilization of pharmaceuticals.
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17
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Upadhya R, Punia A, Kanagala MJ, Liu L, Lamm M, Rhodes TA, Gormley AJ. Automated PET-RAFT Polymerization Towards Pharmaceutical Amorphous Solid Dispersion Development. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2021; 3:1525-1536. [PMID: 34368765 PMCID: PMC8336633 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.0c01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In pharmaceutical oral drug delivery development, about 90% of drugs in the pipeline have poor aqueous solubility leading to severe challenges with oral bioavailability and translation to effective and safe drug products. Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) have been utilized to enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). However, a limited selection of regulatory-approved polymer excipients exists for the development and further understanding of tailor-made ASDs. Thus, a significant need exists to better understand how polymers can be designed to interact with specific API moieties. Here, we demonstrate how an automated combinatorial library approach can be applied to the synthesis and screening of polymer excipients for the model drug probucol. We synthesized a library of 25 random heteropolymers containing one hydrophilic monomer (2-hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA)) and four hydrophobic monomers at varied incorporation. The performance of ASDs made by a rapid film casting method was evaluated by dissolution using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) sampling at various time points. This combinatorial library and rapid screening strategy enabled us to identify a relationship between polymer hydrophobicity, monomer hydrophobic side group geometry, and API dissolution performance. Remarkably, the most effective synthesized polymers displayed slower drug release kinetics compared to industry standard polymer excipients, showing the ability to modulate the drug release profile. Future coupling of high throughput polymer synthesis, high throughput screening (HTS), and quantitative modeling would enable specification of designer polymer excipients for specific API functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Upadhya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ashish Punia
- Preformulation Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Mythili J. Kanagala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lina Liu
- Preformulation Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Matthew Lamm
- Preformulation Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Timothy A. Rhodes
- Preformulation Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Adam J. Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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18
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Amponsah-Efah KK, Mistry P, Eisenhart R, Suryanarayanan R. The Influence of the Strength of Drug-Polymer Interactions on the Dissolution of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:174-186. [PMID: 33332132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In an earlier report, ionic interactions between ketoconazole (KTZ), a weakly basic drug, and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), an anionic polymer, resulted in a dramatic decrease in molecular mobility as well as reduced crystallization propensity of amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) in the solid state. On the other hand, weaker dipole-dipole interactions between KTZ and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) resulted in ASDs with higher crystallization propensity (Mistry Mol Pharm., 2015, 12 (9), 3339-3350). In this work, we investigated the behavior of the ketoconazole (KTZ) solid dispersions in aqueous media. In vitro dissolution tests showed that the PAA ASD maintained the level of supersaturation for a longer duration than the PVP ASD at low polymer contents (4-20% w/w polymer). Additionally, the PAA ASDs were more resistant to drug crystallization in aqueous medium when measured with synchrotron X-ray diffractometry. Two-dimensional 1H nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) NMR cross peaks between ketoconazole and PAA confirmed the existence of drug-polymer interactions in D2O. The interaction was accompanied by a reduced drug diffusivity as monitored by 2D diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) NMR and enthalpy-driven when characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). On the other hand, drug-polymer interactions were not detected between ketoconazole and PVP in aqueous solution, with NOESY, DOSY, or ITC. The results suggest that interactions that stabilize ASDs in the solid state can also be relevant and important in sustaining supersaturation in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kweku K Amponsah-Efah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pinal Mistry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Reed Eisenhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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19
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Ng G, Li M, Yeow J, Jung K, Pester CW, Boyer C. Benchtop Preparation of Polymer Brushes by SI-PET-RAFT: The Effect of the Polymer Composition and Structure on Inhibition of a Pseudomonas Biofilm. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55243-55254. [PMID: 33233878 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a high-throughput method for producing surface-tethered polymeric brushes on glass substrates via surface-initiated photoinduced electron transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (SI-PET-RAFT). Due to its excellent oxygen tolerance, SI-PET-RAFT allows brush growth using low reagent volumes (30 μL) without prior degassing. An initial 28 homopolymer brush library was successfully prepared and screened with respect to their antifouling performance. The high-throughput approach was further exploited to expand the library to encompass statistical, gradient, and block architectures to investigate the effect of monomer composition and distribution using two monomers of disparate performance. In this manner, the degree of attachment from Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) bacterial biofilms could be tuned between the bounds set by the homopolymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervase Ng
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Christian W Pester
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
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20
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Liu G, Zeng Y, Lv T, Mao T, Wei Y, Jia S, Gou Y, Tao L. High-throughput preparation of radioprotective polymers via Hantzsch's reaction for in vivo X-ray damage determination. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6214. [PMID: 33277480 PMCID: PMC7718248 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioprotectors for acute injuries caused by large doses of ionizing radiation are vital to national security, public health and future development of humankind. Here, we develop a strategy to explore safe and efficient radioprotectors by combining Hantzsch's reaction, high-throughput methods and polymer chemistry. A water-soluble polymer with low-cytotoxicity and an excellent anti-radiation capability has been achieved. In in vivo experiments, this polymer is even better than amifostine, which is the only approved radioprotector for clinical applications, in effectively protecting zebrafish embryos from fatally large doses of ionizing radiation (80 Gy X-ray). A mechanistic study also reveals that the radioprotective ability of this polymer originates from its ability to efficiently prevent DNA damage due to high doses of radiation. This is an initial attempt to explore polymer radioprotectors via a multi-component reaction. It allows exploiting functional polymers and provides the underlying insights to guide the design of radioprotective polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tengfei Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Yen Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shunji Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanzi Gou
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Lei Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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21
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Amponsah-Efah KK, Demeler B, Suryanarayanan R. Characterizing Drug-Polymer Interactions in Aqueous Solution with Analytical Ultracentrifugation. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:246-256. [PMID: 33264020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present a new approach for characterizing drug-polymer interactions in aqueous media, using sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC). We investigated the potential interaction of ketoconazole (KTZ), a poorly water-soluble drug, with polyacrylic acid (PAA) and a polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer (Soluplus) in aqueous buffers. The effect of the polymer on the sedimentation coefficient of the drug was the observable metric. The drug alone, when subjected to AUC, exhibited a very narrow sedimentation peak at 0.2 Svedberg (S), in agreement with the expectation for a monomeric drug with a molar mass < 1000 Dalton. Conversely, the neat polymers showed broad profiles with higher sedimentation coefficients, reflecting their larger more heterogeneous size distributions. The sedimentation profiles of the drug-polymer mixtures were expectedly different from the profile of the neat drug. With KTZ-Soluplus, a complete shift to faster sedimentation times (indicative of an interaction) was observed, while with KTZ-PAA, a split peak indicated the existence of the drug in both free and interacting states. The sedimentation profile of carbamazepine, a second model drug, in the presence of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS, another polymer) revealed multiple "populations" of drug-polymer species, very similar to the sedimentation profile of neat HPMCAS. The interactions probed by AUC were compared with the results from isothermal titration calorimetry. In vitro dissolution tests performed on amorphous solid dispersions prepared with the same drug-polymer pairs suggested that the interactions may play a role in prolonging drug supersaturation. The results show the possibility of characterizing drug-polymer interactions in aqueous solution with high hydrodynamic resolution, addressing a major challenge frequently encountered in the mechanistic investigations of the dissolution behavior of amorphous solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kweku K Amponsah-Efah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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22
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Van Zee NJ, Hillmyer MA, Lodge TP. Role of Polymer Excipients in the Kinetic Stabilization of Drug-Rich Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7243-7254. [PMID: 35019383 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of crystallizable drugs and polymer excipients are attractive for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of hydrophobic drug molecules. In this study, the solution behavior of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PND) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinylacetate) (PVPVA), as polymer excipients, and nilutamide (NLT), phenytoin (PHY), and itraconazole (ITN) as model drugs, were monitored by an in vitro dissolution assay, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), and polarized optical microscopy (POM). High degrees of drug supersaturation were coincident with the formation of amorphous nanoparticles in each system. The difference in particle size and kinetic stability between PND and PVPVA systems suggest a difference in how the polymers interact with the drug-rich phase. A series of scenarios are proposed based on whether the polymer interacts more strongly with the drug-rich nanoparticles or with water. Understanding the contribution of drug-rich nanoparticles to achievable supersaturation and the effect of polymer excipients on these particles will inform the design of future solid dispersion systems through a better understanding of the polymer/drug solution relationship.
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23
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Tamasi M, Kosuri S, DiStefano J, Chapman R, Gormley AJ. Automation of Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization. ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 2:1900126. [PMID: 35586369 PMCID: PMC9113399 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.201900126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Controlled/living radical polymerization (CLRP) techniques are widely utilized to synthesize advanced and controlled synthetic polymers for chemical and biological applications. While automation has long stood as a high-throughput (HTP) research tool to increase productivity as well as synthetic/analytical reliability and precision, oxygen intolerance of CLRP has limited the widespread adoption of these systems. Recently, however, oxygen-tolerant CLRP techniques, such as oxygen-tolerant photoinduced electron/energy transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT), enzyme degassing of RAFT (Enz-RAFT), and atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), have emerged. Herein, the use of a Hamilton MLSTARlet liquid handling robot for automating CLRP reactions is demonstrated. Synthesis processes are developed using Python and used to automate reagent handling, dispensing sequences, and synthesis steps required to create homopolymers, random heteropolymers, and block copolymers in 96-well plates, as well as postpolymerization modifications. Using this approach, the synergy between highly customizable liquid handling robotics and oxygen-tolerant CLRP to automate advanced polymer synthesis for HTP and combinatorial polymer research is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tamasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shashank Kosuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jason DiStefano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Robert Chapman
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN) and the Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Adam J Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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24
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Liu G, Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang X, Wu H, Wei Y, Zeng Y, Tao L. High-Throughput Preparation of Antibacterial Polymers from Natural Product Derivatives via the Hantzsch Reaction. iScience 2020; 23:100754. [PMID: 31884171 PMCID: PMC6941863 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hantzsch and free-radical polymerization reactions were combined in a one-pot high-throughput (HTP) system to simultaneously prepare 30 unique polymers in parallel. Six aldehydes derived from natural products were used as the starting materials to rapidly prepare the library of 30 poly(1,4-dihydropyridines). From this library, HTP evaluation methods led to the identification of an antibacterial polymer. Mechanistic studies revealed that the dihydropyridine group in the polymer side-chain structure plays an important role in resisting bacterial attachment to the polymer surface, thus leading to the antibacterial function of this polymer. This research demonstrates the value of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) in interdisciplinary fields by discovering functional polymers for possible practical applications. It also provides insights to further developing new functional polymers using MCRs and HTP methods with important implications in organic chemistry, polymer chemistry, and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yongsan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yen Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
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25
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Johnson L, Hillmyer MA. Critical Excipient Properties for the Dissolution Enhancement of Phenytoin. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19116-19127. [PMID: 31763534 PMCID: PMC6868594 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Solubility-enhancing amorphous solid dispersions can aid in the oral delivery of hydrophobic, poorly soluble drugs. Effective solid dispersion excipients enable high supersaturation drug concentrations over biologically relevant time scales. The critical characteristics of an excipient that allow it to work well in a solid dispersion system are not well understood. We prepared poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide), and poly(N-hydroxyethylacrylamide) excipients of varying molar mass and examined their ability to improve the aqueous solubility of phenytoin, a Biopharmaceutical Class System Class II drug. Binary and ternary solid dispersions of phenytoin and these excipients, along with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, were prepared at 10 wt % drug loading. Dissolution behavior was studied at early time points (<1 min) and over the course of 6 h. Performance of the ternary solid dispersions was largely a function of the concentration of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) present in micellar structures and the concentration of PNiPAm micelles in the dissolution media. We present several systems that achieved significant improvement of phenytoin solubility over a wide composition range at enhancement factors among the highest seen to date for phenytoin.
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26
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Purchel AA, Boyle WS, Reineke TM. Aggregated Solution Morphology of Poly(acrylic acid)-Poly(styrene) Block Copolymers Improves Drug Supersaturation Maintenance and Caco-2 Cell Membrane Permeation. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4423-4435. [PMID: 31633362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions of polymers and drugs have been shown to improve supersaturation maintenance of poorly water-soluble drugs. Herein, amorphous spray-dried dispersions (SDDs) of poly(acrylic acid)-polystyrene (PS-b-PAA) diblock copolymers with differing degrees of polymerization were prepared in aggregated and nonaggregated states with the Biopharmaceutical Classification System Class II drug, probucol (PBC). Specifically, PS90-b-PAA15, PS90-b-PAA80, PS38-b-PAA220, and PS38-b-PAA320 amphiphilic block polymers that covered a compositional range in the area of oral drug delivery were prepared to examine the role of molecular weight and controlled aggregation in promoting drug supersaturation and maintenance. In addition, hydrophilic homopolymers PAA20, PAA96, PAA226, and PAA392 were prepared as controls to evaluate the role of the block copolymer-based SDDs in PBC solubilization. Characterization such as powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and dissolution tests under nonsink conditions were then performed to evaluate the SDDs. When comparing the block copolymer systems, polymers that were preaggregated into micellular structures prior to spray drying with the drug promoted higher drug solubility and maintenance than when the drug was formulated with molecularly dissolved PS-PAA block polymer. Interestingly, the aggregated PS90-b-PAA80 SDD with 25 wt % PBC achieved 100% burst release and maintained full supersaturation of PBC at pH 6.5 (physiological pH in the small intestine). Dissolution studies conducted at the pH of the stomach (pH = 1.2) show that a minimal amount of drug (∼10 μg/mL) was released, which could be used for protecting drugs from acidic environments (stomach) before reaching the small intestine. To evaluate drug bioavailability, in vitro Caco-2 cell assays were performed, which reveal that PAA-based excipients do not hinder drug permeation across the epithelial membrane and that PS90-b-PAA80 SDD with 25 wt % PBC achieved the highest membrane permeability coefficient. This work demonstrates that block copolymer-based SDDs capable of preaggregating into nanostructures may be a tunable drug-delivery platform that can improve solubility and supersaturation maintenance of Class II pharmaceutics while also not prohibiting bioavailability through model intestinal membranes. Indeed, this concept may be extended to accommodate a myriad of pharmaceutical and excipient structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatolii A Purchel
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
| | - William S Boyle
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
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27
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Stubbs C, Congdon T, Davis J, Lester D, Richards SJ, Gibson MI. High-Throughput Tertiary Amine Deoxygenated Photopolymerizations for Synthesizing Polymer Libraries. Macromolecules 2019; 52:7603-7612. [PMID: 31656323 PMCID: PMC6812069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The huge chemical space potential of synthetic polymers means that in many studies only a small parameter range can be realistically synthesized in a short time and hence the "best" formulations may not be optimum. Throughput is traditionally limited by the need for deoxygenation in radical polymerizations, but advances in photopolymerization now provide opportunities for "in-air" polymerizations. Here, we have developed a protocol using liquid handling robots (or multichannel pipettes) with blue light photolysis of reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer agents and tertiary amine deoxygenation to enable the synthesis of polymer libraries in industry-standard 96-well plates with no specialized infrastructure and no degassing step. The roles of solvents and amine deoxygenators are explored to optimize the polymerization, particularly to look at alternatives to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for hydrophobic monomer (co)polymerization. DMSO is shown to aid the degassing process but is not easy to remove and hence prevents isolation of pure polymers. In contrast, using dioxane in-plate evaporation or precipitation of the tertiary amine allowed isolation of polymers in-plate. This removed all reaction components yielding pure polymers, which is not easily achieved with systems using metal catalysts and secondary reductants, such as ascorbic acid. As an example of the throughput, in just under 40 h, 392 polymers were synthesized and subsequently analyzed direct from plates by a 96-well plate sampling size exclusion chromatography system to demonstrate reproducibility. Due to less efficient degassing in dioxane (compared to DMSO), the molecular weight and dispersity control were limited in some cases (with acrylates giving the lowest dispersities), but the key aim of this system is to access hundreds of polymers quickly and in a format needed to enable testing. This method enables easy exploration of chemical space and development of screening libraries to identify hits for further study using precision polymerization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Stubbs
- Department
of Chemistry and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Thomas Congdon
- Department
of Chemistry and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Jessica Davis
- Department
of Chemistry and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Daniel Lester
- Department
of Chemistry and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department
of Chemistry and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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28
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Reyhani A, McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Qiao GG. Fenton‐Chemistry‐Mediated Radical Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900220. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Reyhani
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Thomas G. McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
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29
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Mao T, Yang L, Liu G, Wei Y, Gou Y, Wang J, Tao L. Ferrocene-Containing Polymer via the Biginelli Reaction for In Vivo Treatment of Oxidative Stress Damage. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:639-645. [PMID: 35619538 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule antioxidants have little impact on oxidative stress in vivo because of their poor bioavailability. To explore an antioxidant for in vivo applications, a polymeric antioxidant containing a ferrocene moiety was developed. The ferrocene-containing monomer was synthesized through the robust tricomponent Biginelli reaction with a high yield. The corresponding water-soluble copolymer was conveniently prepared via radical polymerization. Both the ferrocene moiety and the Biginelli structure (dihydropyrimidin-2(H)-one) contributed to the remarkable radical scavenging ability of this highly biocompatible copolymer. It was more efficient than traditional small molecule antioxidants at protecting cells against fatal oxidative stress. This copolymer also showed clear therapeutic activity in counteracting oxidation-induced acute liver damage in a live mouse model. Our study into functional organometallic polymers resulted in a promising polymeric biomaterial that may find therapeutic applications and have important implications in the fields of organic chemistry and polymer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yen Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanzi Gou
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Price DJ, Nair A, Kuentz M, Dressman J, Saal C. Calculation of drug-polymer mixing enthalpy as a new screening method of precipitation inhibitors for supersaturating pharmaceutical formulations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 132:142-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Li Z, Van Zee NJ, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Polymer Nanogels as Reservoirs To Inhibit Hydrophobic Drug Crystallization. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1232-1243. [PMID: 30648859 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cross-link density and composition on the loading and in vitro dissolution of the drug phenytoin as amorphous solid dispersions in emulsion polymerized poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) and poly( N-isopropylacrylamide- co- N, N-dimethylacrylamide) nanogels were investigated near the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Nanogel size and particle density in phosphate buffered saline were quantified by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and viscometry experiments, while drug-nanogel interactions were revealed by cross peaks in aqueous-state nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy measurements. Spray-dried dispersions (SDDs) of drug-loaded PNIPAm nanogel particles ( R ≈ 43 nm) were directly visualized by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and further quantified by small-angle X-ray scattering during in vitro dissolution. SDD dissolution profiles were highly dependent on the nanogel cross-link density and directly correlated with the state of dispersion of the drug-loaded nanogel particles. A balance between net particle hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity along with the distance in temperature from the LCST are shown to dictate the in vitro dissolution of the amorphous solid dispersions. Solubility enhancement mechanisms disclosed in this study provide essential guidance for the design of effective nanogels for oral drug delivery applications.
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32
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Ohnsorg ML, Ting JM, Jones SD, Jung S, Bates FS, Reineke TM. Tuning PNIPAm self-assembly and thermoresponse: roles of hydrophobic end-groups and hydrophilic comonomer. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00180h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systematic study of hydrophobic and hydrophilic modifications to poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) elucidates design rules for control over cloud point and aqueous self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey M. Ting
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Seamus D. Jones
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Seyoung Jung
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
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33
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Oliver S, Zhao L, Gormley AJ, Chapman R, Boyer C. Living in the Fast Lane—High Throughput Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam J. Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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35
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Ting JM, Wu H, Herzog-Arbeitman A, Srivastava S, Tirrell MV. Synthesis and Assembly of Designer Styrenic Diblock Polyelectrolytes. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:726-733. [PMID: 35632955 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing molecular design principles toward functional applications of ion-containing macromolecules relies on diversifying experimental data sets of well-understood materials. Here, we report a simple, tunable framework for preparing styrenic polyelectrolytes, using aqueous reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in a parallel synthesis approach. A series of diblock polycations and polyanions were RAFT chain-extended from poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) using (vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride (PEO-b-PVBTMA) and sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (PEO-b-PSS), with varying neutral PEO block lengths, charged styrenic block lengths, and RAFT end-group identity. The materials characterization and kinetics study of chain growth exhibited control of the molar mass distribution for both systems. These block polyelectrolytes were also demonstrated to form polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) driven self-assemblies. We present two simple outcomes of micellization to show the importance of polymer selection from a broadened pool of polyelectrolyte candidates: (i) uniform PEC-core micelles comprising PEO-b-PVBTMA and poly(acrylic acid) and (ii) PEC nanoaggregates comprising PEO-b-PVBTMA and PEO-b-PSS. The materials characteristics of these charged assemblies were investigated with dynamic light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, and cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy imaging. This model synthetic platform offers a straightforward path to expand the design space of conventional polyelectrolytes into gram-scale block polymer structures, which can ultimately enable the development of more sophisticated ionic materials into technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Ting
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hao Wu
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | | | - Samanvaya Srivastava
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Matthew V. Tirrell
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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36
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Price DJ, Ditzinger F, Koehl NJ, Jankovic S, Tsakiridou G, Nair A, Holm R, Kuentz M, Dressman JB, Saal C. Approaches to increase mechanistic understanding and aid in the selection of precipitation inhibitors for supersaturating formulations – a PEARRL review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:483-509. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Supersaturating formulations hold great promise for delivery of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). To profit from supersaturating formulations, precipitation is hindered with precipitation inhibitors (PIs), maintaining drug concentrations for as long as possible. This review provides a brief overview of supersaturation and precipitation, focusing on precipitation inhibition. Trial-and-error PI selection will be examined alongside established PI screening techniques. Primarily, however, this review will focus on recent advances that utilise advanced analytical techniques to increase mechanistic understanding of PI action and systematic PI selection.
Key findings
Advances in mechanistic understanding have been made possible by the use of analytical tools such as spectroscopy, microscopy and mathematical and molecular modelling, which have been reviewed herein. Using these techniques, PI selection can be guided by molecular rationale. However, more work is required to see widespread application of such an approach for PI selection.
Summary
Precipitation inhibitors are becoming increasingly important in enabling formulations. Trial-and-error approaches have seen success thus far. However, it is essential to learn more about the mode of action of PIs if the most optimal formulations are to be realised. Robust analytical tools, and the knowledge of where and how they can be applied, will be essential in this endeavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Price
- Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
- Frankfurt Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Felix Ditzinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Niklas J Koehl
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sandra Jankovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Georgia Tsakiridou
- Pharmathen SA, Product Design & Evaluation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - René Holm
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson and Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Martin Kuentz
- Institute of Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
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37
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Mao T, Liu G, Wu H, Wei Y, Gou Y, Wang J, Tao L. High Throughput Preparation of UV-Protective Polymers from Essential Oil Extracts via the Biginelli Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6865-6872. [PMID: 29627974 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A high throughput (HTP) system has been developed to exploit new functional polymers. We synthesized 25 monomers in a mini-HTP manner through the tricomponent Biginelli reaction with high yields. The starting materials were five aldehydes extracted from essential oils. The 25 corresponding polymers were conveniently prepared via mini-HTP radical polymerization initially realizing the benefit of HTP methods to quickly fabricate sample libraries. The distinct radical scavenging ability of these Biginelli polymers was evaluated through a HTP measurement to choose the three best radical scavengers. This confirms the superiority of the HTP strategy to rapidly collect and analyze data. The selected polymers have been upgraded and screened according to different requirements for biomaterials and offer water-soluble and biocompatible copolymers that effectively protect cells from the fatal UV damage. This research is a straightforward way to establish new libraries of monomers with abundant diversity. It offers polymers with interesting functionalities. This suggests that a broader study of multicomponent reactions and HTP methods might be useful in many interdisciplinary fields. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a HTP study of the Biginelli reaction to develop a promising polymeric biomaterial, which might have important implications for the organic chemistry and polymer communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China.,Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory , National University of Defense Technology , Changsha , 410073 , P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Haibo Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Yen Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Yanzi Gou
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory , National University of Defense Technology , Changsha , 410073 , P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory , National University of Defense Technology , Changsha , 410073 , P. R. China
| | - Lei Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
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38
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Acar H, Ting JM, Srivastava S, LaBelle JL, Tirrell MV. Molecular engineering solutions for therapeutic peptide delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:6553-6569. [PMID: 28902203 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00536a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteins and their interactions in and out of cells must be well-orchestrated for the healthy functioning and regulation of the body. Even the slightest disharmony can cause diseases. Therapeutic peptides are short amino acid sequences (generally considered <50 amino acids) that can naturally mimic the binding interfaces between proteins and thus, influence protein-protein interactions. Because of their fidelity of binding, peptides are a promising next generation of personalized medicines to reinstate biological harmony. Peptides as a group are highly selective, relatively safe, and biocompatible. However, they are also vulnerable to many in vivo pharmacologic barriers limiting their clinical translation. Current advances in molecular, chemical, and nanoparticle engineering are helping to overcome these previously insurmountable obstacles and improve the future of peptides as active and highly selective therapeutics. In this review, we focus on self-assembled vehicles as nanoparticles to carry and protect therapeutic peptides through this journey, and deliver them to the desired tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Acar
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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39
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Nasiri M, Saxon DJ, Reineke TM. Enhanced Mechanical and Adhesion Properties in Sustainable Triblock Copolymers via Non-covalent Interactions. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Nasiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Derek J. Saxon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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40
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Ting JM, Porter WW, Mecca JM, Bates FS, Reineke TM. Advances in Polymer Design for Enhancing Oral Drug Solubility and Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:939-952. [PMID: 29319295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers have enabled amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) to emerge as an oral delivery strategy for overcoming poor drug solubility in aqueous environments. Modern ASD products noninvasively treat a range of chronic diseases (for example, hepatitis C, cystic fibrosis, and HIV). In such formulations, polymeric carriers generate and maintain drug supersaturation upon dissolution, increasing the apparent drug solubility to enhance gastrointestinal barrier absorption and oral bioavailability. In this Review, we outline several approaches in designing polymeric excipients to drive interactions with active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in spray-dried ASDs, highlighting polymer-drug formulation guidelines from industrial and academic perspectives. Special attention is given to new commercial and specialized polymer design strategies that can solubilize highly hydrophobic APIs and suppress the propensity for rapid drug recrystallization. These molecularly customized excipients and hierarchical excipient assemblies are promising toward informing early-stage drug-discovery development and reformulating existing API candidates into potentially lifesaving oral medicines for our growing global population.
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41
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Li Z, Lenk TI, Yao LJ, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Maintaining Hydrophobic Drug Supersaturation in a Micelle Corona Reservoir. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theodore I. Lenk
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Letitia J. Yao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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42
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Kreutzer J, Yagci Y. Metal Free Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerizations: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 10:E35. [PMID: 30966069 PMCID: PMC6415071 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable amount of the worldwide industrial production of synthetic polymers is currently based on radical polymerization methods. The steadily increasing demand on high performance plastics and tailored polymers which serve specialized applications is driven by the development of new techniques to enable control of polymerization reactions on a molecular level. Contrary to conventional radical polymerization, reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) techniques provide the possibility to prepare polymers with well-defined structures and functionalities. The review provides a comprehensive summary over the development of the three most important RDRP methods, which are nitroxide mediated radical polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization and reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The focus thereby is set on the newest developments in transition metal free systems, which allow using these techniques for biological or biomedical applications. After each section selected examples from materials synthesis and application to biomedical materials are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kreutzer
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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43
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Nazari K, Kontogiannidou E, Haj Ahmad R, Andreadis D, Rasekh M, Bouropoulos N, van Der Merwe SM, Chang MW, Fatouros DG, Ahmad Z. Fibrous polymeric buccal film formulation, engineering and bio-interface assessment. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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44
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Morrison J, Nophsker M, Elzinga P, Donoso M, Park H, Haskell R. A polychromatic turbidity microplate assay to distinguish discovery stage drug molecules with beneficial precipitation properties. Int J Pharm 2017; 531:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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45
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Tale S, Purchel AA, Dalsin MC, Reineke TM. Diblock Terpolymers Are Tunable and pH Responsive Vehicles To Increase Hydrophobic Drug Solubility for Oral Administration. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4121-4127. [PMID: 28937226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers offer tunable platforms to create new oral drug delivery vehicles (excipients) to increase solubility, supersaturation maintenance, and bioavailability of poorly aqueous soluble pharmaceutical candidates. Five well-defined diblock terpolymers were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) and consist of a first block of either poly(ethylene-alt-propylene) (PEP), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm), or poly(N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) and a second hydrophilic block consisting of a gradient copolymer of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and 2-methacrylamidotrehalose (MAT). This family of diblock terpolymers offers hydrophobic, hydrophilic, or H-bonding functionalities to serve as noncovalent sites of drug binding. Drug-polymer spray dried dispersions (SDDs) were created with a model drug, probucol, and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These studies revealed that probucol crystallinity decreased with increasing H-bonding sites available in the polymer. The PNIPAm-b-P(DMA-grad-MAT) systems revealed the best performance at pH 6.5, where immediate probucol release and effective maintenance of 100% supersaturation was found, which is important for facilitating drug solubility in more neutral conditions (intestinal environment). However, the PDEAEMA-b-P(DMA-grad-MAT) system revealed poor probucol dissolution at pH 6.5 and 5.1. Alternatively, at an acidic pH of 3.1, a rapid and high dissolution profile and effective supersaturation maintenance of up to 90% of the drug was found, which could be useful for triggering drug release in acidic environments (stomach). The PEP-b-P(DMA-grad-MAT) system showed poor performance (only ∼20% of drug solubility at pH 6.5), which was attributed to the low solubility of the polymers in the dissolution media. This work demonstrates the utility of diblock terpolymers as a potential new excipient platform to optimize design parameters for triggered release and solubilizing hydrophobic drug candidates for oral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Tale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Anatolii A Purchel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Molly C Dalsin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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Edueng K, Mahlin D, Bergström CAS. The Need for Restructuring the Disordered Science of Amorphous Drug Formulations. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1754-1772. [PMID: 28523384 PMCID: PMC5533858 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The alarming numbers of poorly soluble discovery compounds have centered the efforts towards finding strategies to improve the solubility. One of the attractive approaches to enhance solubility is via amorphization despite the stability issue associated with it. Although the number of amorphous-based research reports has increased tremendously after year 2000, little is known on the current research practice in designing amorphous formulation and how it has changed after the concept of solid dispersion was first introduced decades ago. In this review we try to answer the following questions: What model compounds and excipients have been used in amorphous-based research? How were these two components selected and prepared? What methods have been used to assess the performance of amorphous formulation? What methodology have evolved and/or been standardized since amorphous-based formulation was first introduced and to what extent have we embraced on new methods? Is the extent of research mirrored in the number of marketed amorphous drug products? We have summarized the history and evolution of amorphous formulation and discuss the current status of amorphous formulation-related research practice. We also explore the potential uses of old experimental methods and how they can be used in tandem with computational tools in designing amorphous formulation more efficiently than the traditional trial-and-error approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah Edueng
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, P.O. Box 580, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy,, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, 25200, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Denny Mahlin
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, P.O. Box 580, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, P.O. Box 580, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Reyhani A, McKenzie TG, Ranji-Burachaloo H, Fu Q, Qiao GG. Fenton-RAFT Polymerization: An "On-Demand" Chain-Growth Method. Chemistry 2017; 23:7221-7226. [PMID: 28382790 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fine control over the architecture and/or microstructure of synthetic polymers is fast becoming a reality owing to the development of efficient and versatile polymerization techniques and conjugation reactions. However, the transition of these syntheses to automated, programmable, and high-throughput operating systems is a challenging step needed to translate the vast potential of precision polymers into machine-programmable polymers for biological and functional applications. Chain-growth polymerizations are particularly appealing for their ability to form structurally and chemically well-defined macromolecules through living/controlled polymerization techniques. Even using the latest polymerization technologies, the macromolecular engineering of complex functional materials often requires multi-step syntheses and purification of intermediates, and results in sub-optimal yields. To develop a proof-of-concept of a framework polymerization technique that is readily amenable to automation requires several key characteristics. In this study, a new approach is described that is believed to meet these requirements, thus opening avenues toward automated polymer synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Reyhani
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas G McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Hadi Ranji-Burachaloo
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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48
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Li Z, Johnson LM, Ricarte RG, Yao LJ, Hillmyer MA, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Enhanced Performance of Blended Polymer Excipients in Delivering a Hydrophobic Drug through the Synergistic Action of Micelles and HPMCAS. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2837-2848. [PMID: 28282137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Blends of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and dodecyl (C12)-tailed poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) were systematically explored as a model system to dispense the active ingredient phenytoin by rapid dissolution, followed by the suppression of drug crystallization for an extended period. Dynamic and static light scattering revealed that C12-PNIPAm polymers, synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization, self-assembled into micelles with dodecyl cores in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 6.5). A synergistic effect on drug supersaturation was documented during in vitro dissolution tests by varying the blending ratio, with HPMACS primarily aiding in rapid dissolution and PNIPAm maintaining supersaturation. Polarized light and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy experiments revealed that C12-PNIPAm micelles maintain drug supersaturation by inhibiting both crystal nucleation and growth. Cross-peaks between the phenyl group of phenytoin and the isopropyl group of C12-PNIPAm in 2D 1H nuclear Overhauser effect (NOESY) spectra confirmed the existence of drug-polymer intermolecular interactions in solution. Phenytoin and polymer diffusion coefficients, measured by diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY), demonstrated that the drug-polymer association constant increased with increasing local density of the corona chains, coincident with a reduction in C12-PNIPAm molecular weight. These findings demonstrate a new strategy for exploiting the versatility of polymer blends through the use of self-assembled micelles in the design of advanced excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Lindsay M Johnson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ralm G Ricarte
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Letitia J Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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49
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Cosson S, Danial M, Saint-Amans JR, Cooper-White JJ. Accelerated Combinatorial High Throughput Star Polymer Synthesis via a Rapid One-Pot Sequential Aqueous RAFT (rosa-RAFT) Polymerization Scheme. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Cosson
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN); University of Queensland; 4072 St Lucia QLD Australia
- Manufacturing; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO); 3168 Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Maarten Danial
- Manufacturing; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO); 3168 Clayton VIC Australia
| | | | - Justin J. Cooper-White
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN); University of Queensland; 4072 St Lucia QLD Australia
- Manufacturing; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO); 3168 Clayton VIC Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Queensland; 4072 St Lucia QLD Australia
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50
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Johnson LM, Li Z, LaBelle AJ, Bates FS, Lodge TP, Hillmyer MA. Impact of Polymer Excipient Molar Mass and End Groups on Hydrophobic Drug Solubility Enhancement. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Ziang Li
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Andrew J. LaBelle
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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