1
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Shastri D, Raj V, Lee S. Revolutionizing Alzheimer's treatment: Harnessing human serum albumin for targeted drug delivery and therapy advancements. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102379. [PMID: 38901740 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder initiated by amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation, leading to impaired cognitive function. Several delivery approaches have been improved for AD management. Among them, human serum albumin (HSA) is broadly employed for drug delivery and targeting the Aβ in AD owing to its biocompatibility, Aβ inhibitory effect, and nanoform, which showed blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing ability via glycoprotein 60 (gp60) receptor and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) protein to transfer the drug molecules in the brain. Thus far, there is no previous review focusing on HSA and its drug delivery system in AD. Hence, the reviewed article aimed to critically compile the HSA therapeutic as well as drug delivery role in AD management. It also delivers information on how HSA-incorporated nanoparticles with surfaced embedded ligands such as TAT, GM1, and so on, not only improve BBB permeability but also increase neuron cell targetability in AD brain. Additionally, Aβ and tau pathology, including various metabolic markers likely BACE1 and BACE2, etc., are discussed. Besides, the molecular interaction of HSA with Aβ and its distinctive forms are critically reviewed that HSA can segregate Zn(II) and Cu(II) metal ions from Aβ owing to high affinity. Furthermore, the BBB drug delivery challenges in AD are addressed. Finally, the clinical formulation of HSA for the management of AD is critically discussed on how the HSA inhibits Aβ oligomer and fibril, while glycated HSA participates in amyloid plaque formation, i.e., β-structure sheet formation. This review report provides theoretical background on HSA-based AD drug delivery and makes suggestions for future prospect-related work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Shastri
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, the Republic of Korea
| | - Vinit Raj
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
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2
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Sharma A, Kaur N, Singh N. An Encyclopedic Compendium on Chemosensing Supramolecular Metal-Organic Gels. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400258. [PMID: 38629210 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Chemosensing, an interdisciplinary scientific domain, plays a pivotal role ranging from environmental monitoring to healthcare diagnostics and (inter)national security. Metal-organic gels (MOGs) are recognized for their stability, selectivity, and responsiveness, making them valuable for chemosensing applications. Researchers have explored the development of MOGs based on different metal ions and ligands, allowing for tailored properties and sensitivities, and have even demonstrated their applications as portable sensors such as paper-based test strips for practical use. Herein, several studies related to MOGs development and their applications in the chemosensing field via UV-visible or luminance along with electrochemical approach are presented. These papers explored MOGs as versatile materials with their use in sensing bio or environmental analytes. This review provides a foundational understanding of key concepts, methodologies, and recent advancements in this field, fostering the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, 140001, Rupnagar, Panjab, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, 160014, Chandigarh, India
| | - Narinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, 140001, Rupnagar, Panjab, India
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3
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Liu B, Li X, Liu Z, He B, Xu H, Cao J, Zeng F, Feng H, Ren Y, Li H, Wang T, Li J, Ye Y, Zhao L, Ran C, Li Y. Iterative Design of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease by Targeting Aβ Oligomers. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9104-9123. [PMID: 38829030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs), crucial toxic proteins in early Alzheimer's disease (AD), precede the formation of Aβ plaques and cognitive impairment. In this context, we present our iterative process for developing novel near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) probes specifically targeting AβOs, aimed at early AD diagnosis. An initial screening identified compound 18 as being highly selective for AβOs. Subsequent analysis revealed that compound 20 improved serum stability while retaining affinity for AβOs. The most promising iteration, compound 37, demonstrated exceptional qualities: a high affinity for AβOs, emission in the near-infrared region, and good biocompatibility. Significantly, ex vivo double staining indicated that compound 37 detected AβOs in AD mouse brain and in vivo imaging experiments showed that compound 37 could differentiate between 4-month-old AD mice and age-matched wild-type mice. Therefore, compound 37 has emerged as a valuable NIRF probe for early detection of AD and a useful tool in exploring AD's pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengyang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanyue Xu
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianqin Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fantian Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiwei Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanwei Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Li
- Pathology and PDX Efficacy Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuting Ye
- Pathology and PDX Efficacy Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chongzhao Ran
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Yuyan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu, China
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Rejc L, Knez D, Molina-Aguirre G, Espargaró A, Kladnik J, Meden A, Blinc L, Lozinšek M, Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Rogan M, Martek BA, Mlakar J, Dremelj A, Petrič A, Gobec S, Sabaté R, Bresjanac M, Pinter B, Košmrlj J. Probing Alzheimer's pathology: Exploring the next generation of FDDNP analogues for amyloid β detection. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116616. [PMID: 38723516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent probes are a powerful tool for imaging amyloid β (Aβ) plaques, the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we report the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of 21 novel probes as well as their optical properties and binding affinities to Aβ fibrils. One of these dyes, 1Ae, exhibited several improvements over FDDNP, an established biomarker for Aβ- and Tau-aggregates. First, 1Ae had large Stokes shifts (138-213 nm) in various solvents, thereby reducing self-absorption. With a high quantum yield ratio (φ(dichloromethane/methanol) = 104), 1Ae also ensures minimal background emission in aqueous environments and high sensitivity. In addition, compound 1Ae exhibited low micromolar binding affinity to Aβ fibrils in vitro (Kd = 1.603 µM), while increasing fluorescence emission (106-fold) compared to emission in buffer alone. Importantly, the selective binding of 1Ae to Aβ1-42 fibrils was confirmed by an in cellulo assay, supported by ex vivo fluorescence microscopy of 1Ae on postmortem AD brain sections, allowing unequivocal identification of Aβ plaques. The intermolecular interactions of fluorophores with Aβ were elucidated by docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations. Density functional theory calculations revealed the unique photophysics of these rod-shaped fluorophores, with a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) excited state. These results provide valuable insights into the future application of such probes as potential diagnostic tools for AD in vitro and ex vivo such as determination of Aβ1-42 in cerebrospinal fluid or blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Rejc
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Knez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | | | - Alba Espargaró
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, Section of Physical-Chemistry, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Jerneja Kladnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Anže Meden
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Lana Blinc
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity and Regeneration (LNPR), Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Matic Lozinšek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Ross D Jansen-van Vuuren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Matic Rogan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Bruno Aleksander Martek
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Mlakar
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Ana Dremelj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Petrič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Raimon Sabaté
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, Section of Physical-Chemistry, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Mara Bresjanac
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity and Regeneration (LNPR), Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Balazs Pinter
- The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
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5
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Li Z, Ekanayake AB, Bartman AE, Doorn JA, Tivanski AV, Pigge FC. Detection and disaggregation of amyloid fibrils by luminescent amphiphilic platinum(II) complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9001-9010. [PMID: 38726661 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00882k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Cyclometallated Pt(II) complexes possessing hydrophobic 2-phenylpyridine (ppy) ligands and hydrophilic acetonylacetone (acac) ligands have been investigated for their ability to detect amyloid fibrils via luminescence response. Using hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) as a model amyloid protein, Pt(II) complexes featuring benzanilide-substituted ppy ligands and ethylene glycol-functionalized acac ligands demonstrated enhanced luminescence in the presence of HEWL fibrils, whereas Pt(II) complexes lacking complementary hydrophobic/hydrophilic ligand sets displayed little to no emission enhancement. An amphiphilic Pt(II) complex incorporating a bis(ethylene glycol)-derivatized acac ligand was additionally found to trigger restructuring of HEWL fibrils into smaller spherical aggregates. Amphiphilic Pt(II) complexes were generally non-toxic to SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, and several complexes also exhibited enhanced luminescence in the presence of Aβ42 fibrils associated with Alzheimer's disease. This study demonstrates that easily prepared and robust (ppy)PtII(acac) complexes show promising reactivity toward amyloid fibrils and represent attractive molecular scaffolds for design of small-molecule probes targeting amyloid assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
| | | | - Anna E Bartman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Jonathan A Doorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Alexei V Tivanski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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6
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Francisco T, Malafaia D, Melo L, Silva AMS, Albuquerque HMT. Recent Advances in Fluorescent Theranostics for Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Survey on Design, Synthesis, and Properties. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13556-13591. [PMID: 38559945 PMCID: PMC10975685 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia that is rapidly becoming a major health problem, especially in developed countries because of their increasing life expectancy. Two main problems are often associated with the disease: (i) the absence of a widely accessible "gold-standard" for early diagnosis and (ii) lack of effective therapies with disease-modifying effects. The recent success of the monoclonal antibody lecanemab played an important role not only in clarifying a possible druggable pathway but also in spelling the revival of small molecule drug discovery. Unlike bulky biologics, small molecules are structurally less complex, generally cheaper, and compatible with at-home oral consumption, making it feasible for people to start their drug regimen early and stay on it longer. In this sense, small-molecule near-infrared fluorescent theranostics have been gaining more and more attention from the scientific community, as they have the potential to simultaneously provide diagnostic outputs and deliver therapeutic action, paving the way toward personalized medicine in AD patients. They also have the potential to shift the diagnostic "status-quo" from expensive and limited-access PET radiotracers toward inexpensive and handy imaging tools widely available for primary patient screening and preclinical animal studies. Herein, we review the most recent advances in the field of fluorescent theranostics for Alzheimer's disease, detailing their design strategies, synthetic approaches and imaging and therapeutic properties in vitro and in vivo. With this Review, we intend to provide a milestone in the acquired knowledge in the field of AD theranostics, encouraging the future development of properly designed theranostic compounds with improved chances to reach clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telmo
N. Francisco
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus
de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Malafaia
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus
de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Melo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus
de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus
de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Hélio M. T. Albuquerque
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus
de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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7
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Zhou C, Zeng F, Yang H, Liang Z, Xu G, Li X, Liu X, Yang J. Near-infrared II theranostic agents for the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024:10.1007/s00259-024-06690-1. [PMID: 38502215 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Near-infrared II theranostic agents have gained great momentum in the research field of AD owing to the appealing advantages. Recently, an array of activatable NIR-II fluorescence probes has been developed to specifically monitor pathological targets of AD. Furthermore, various NIR-II-mediated nanomaterials with desirable photothermal and photodynamic properties have demonstrated favorable outcomes in the management of AD. METHODS We summerized amounts of references and focused on small-molecule probes, nanomaterials, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy based on NIR-II fluorescent imaging for the diagnosis and treatment in AD. In addition, design strategies for NIR-II-triggered theranostics targeting AD are presented, and some prospects are also addressed. RESULTS NIR-II theranostic agents including small molecular probes and nanoparticles have received the increasing attention for biomedical applications. Meanwhile, most of the theranostic agents exhibited the promising results in animal studies. To our surprise, the multifunctional nanoplatforms also show a great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of AD. CONCLUSIONS Although NIR-II theranostic agents showed the great potential in diagnosis and treatment of AD, there are still many challenges: 1) Faborable NIR-II fluorohpores are still lacking; 2) Biocompatibility, bioseurity and dosage of NIR-II theranostic agents should be further revealed; 3) New equipment and software associated with NIR-II imaging system should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhou
- 411 Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Fantian Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Haijun Yang
- 411 Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zeying Liang
- 411 Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Guanyu Xu
- 411 Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
| | - Xingdang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- 411 Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Fang D, Pan D, Wen X, Zhang J, Yang M, Ye D, Liu H. A Near-infrared Fluorescence and Positron Emission Tomography Bimodal Probe for In Vivo Imaging of Amyloid-β Species. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:472-478. [PMID: 38214485 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive imaging of amyloid-β (Aβ) species in vivo is important for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this paper, we report a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence (FL) and positron emission tomography (PET) bimodal probe (NIR-[68Ga]) for in vivo imaging of both soluble and insoluble Aβ species. NIR-[68Ga] holds a high binding affinity, high selectivity and high sensitivity toward Aβ42 monomers, oligomers, and aggregates in vitro. In vivo imaging results show that NIR-[68Ga] can cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), and produce significantly higher PET and NIR FL bimodal signals in the brains of APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice relative to that of age-matched wild-type mice, which are also validated by the ex vivo autoradiography and histological staining images. Our results demonstrate that NIR-[68Ga] is an efficient NIR FL and PET bimodal probe for the sensitive imaging of soluble and insoluble Aβ species in AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Donghui Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Xidan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Junya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Chisholm TS, Hunter CA. A closer look at amyloid ligands, and what they tell us about protein aggregates. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1354-1374. [PMID: 38116736 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00518f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid fibrils is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease. Detecting these fibrils with fluorescent or radiolabelled ligands is one strategy for diagnosing and better understanding these diseases. A vast number of amyloid-binding ligands have been reported in the literature as a result. To obtain a better understanding of how amyloid ligands bind, we have compiled a database of 3457 experimental dissociation constants for 2076 unique amyloid-binding ligands. These ligands target Aβ, tau, or αSyn fibrils, as well as relevant biological samples including AD brain homogenates. From this database significant variation in the reported dissociation constants of ligands was found, possibly due to differences in the morphology of the fibrils being studied. Ligands were also found to bind to Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42) fibrils with similar affinities, whereas a greater difference was found for binding to Aβ and tau or αSyn fibrils. Next, the binding of ligands to fibrils was shown to be largely limited by the hydrophobic effect. Some Aβ ligands do not fit into this hydrophobicity-limited model, suggesting that polar interactions can play an important role when binding to this target. Finally several binding site models were outlined for amyloid fibrils that describe what ligands target what binding sites. These models provide a foundation for interpreting and designing site-specific binding assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Chisholm
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1 EW, UK.
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1 EW, UK.
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10
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Teppang KL, Zhao Q, Yang J. Development of fluorophores for the detection of oligomeric aggregates of amyloidogenic proteins found in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Chem 2023; 11:1343118. [PMID: 38188930 PMCID: PMC10766704 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1343118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are the two most common neurodegenerative diseases globally. These neurodegenerative diseases have characteristic late-stage symptoms allowing for differential diagnosis; however, they both share the presence of misfolded protein aggregates which appear years before clinical manifestation. Historically, research has focused on the detection of higher-ordered aggregates (or amyloids); however, recent evidence has shown that the oligomeric state of these protein aggregates plays a greater role in disease pathology, resulting in increased efforts to detect oligomers to aid in disease diagnosis. In this review, we summarize some of the exciting new developments towards the development of fluorescent probes that can detect oligomeric aggregates of amyloidogenic proteins present in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jerry Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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11
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Yu Z, Moshood Y, Wozniak MK, Patel S, Terpstra K, Llano DA, Dobrucki LW, Mirica LM. Amphiphilic Molecules Exhibiting Zwitterionic Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer and Near-Infrared Emission for the Detection of Amyloid β Aggregates in Alzheimer's Disease. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302408. [PMID: 37616059 PMCID: PMC10840928 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Chromophores with zwitterionic excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) have been shown to have larger Stock shifts and red-shifted emission wavelengths compared to the conventional π-delocalized ESIPT molecules. However, there is still a dearth of design strategies to expand the current library of zwitterionic ESIPT compounds. Herein, a novel zwitterionic excited-state intramolecular proton transfer system is reported, enabled by addition of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (TACN) fragments on a dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran (DCM) scaffold. The solvent-dependent steady-state photophysical studies, pKa measurements, and computational analysis strongly support that the ESIPT process is more efficient with two TACN groups attached to the DCM scaffold and not affected by polar protic solvents. Impressively, compound DCM-OH-2-DT exhibits a near-infrared (NIR) emission at 740 nm along with an uncommonly large Stokes shift. Moreover, DCM-OH-2-DT shows high affinity towards soluble amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers in vitro and in 5xFAD mouse brain sections, and we have successfully applied DCM-OH-2-DT for the in vivo imaging of Aβ aggregates and demonstrated its potential use as an early diagnostic agent for AD. Overall, this study can provide a general molecular design strategy for developing new zwitterionic ESIPT compounds with NIR emission in vivo imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, The Neuroscience Program, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yusuff Moshood
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, The Neuroscience Program, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Marcin K. Wozniak
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, United States
| | - Shrey Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, The Neuroscience Program, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Karna Terpstra
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, The Neuroscience Program, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Daniel A. Llano
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, United States
| | - Lawrence W. Dobrucki
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, United States
| | - Liviu M. Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, The Neuroscience Program, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
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12
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Lee H, Kim Y, Aziz H, Kang DM, Lee J, Lee S, Jung S, Hyeon S, Choo H, Nam G, Kim YK, Lim S, Min SJ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of indane-based fluorescent probes for detection of amyloid-β aggregates in Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 95:117513. [PMID: 37931520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the development of fluorescent imaging probes for the detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated protein aggregates is described. Indane derivatives with a donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) structure were designed and synthesized. The probes were evaluated for their ability to bind to β-amyloid (Aβ) protein aggregates, which are a key pathological hallmark of AD. The results showed that several probes exhibited significant changes in fluorescence intensity at wavelengths greater than 600 nm when they were bound to Aβ aggregates compared to the Aβ monomeric form. Among the tested probes, four D-π-A type indane derivatives showed promising binding selectivity to Aβ aggregates over non-specific proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA). The molecular docking study showed that our compounds were appropriately located along the Aβ fibril axis through the hydrophobic tunnel structure. Further analysis revealed that the most active compound having dimethylaminopyridyl group as an election donor and dicyano group as an electron acceptor could effectively stain Aβ plaques in brain tissue samples from AD transgenic mice. These findings suggest that our indane-based compounds have the potential to serve as fluorescent probes for the detection and monitoring of Aβ aggregation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseung Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yihoon Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hira Aziz
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kang
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoon Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea; Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea; Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhwa Jung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea; Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Hyeon
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunah Choo
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghilsoo Nam
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Kim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Lim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Joon Min
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea; Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical & Molecular Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Sen S, Ali R, Singh H, Onkar A, Bhadauriya P, Ganesh S, Verma S. An unnatural amino acid modified human insulin derivative for visual monitoring of insulin aggregation. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7561-7566. [PMID: 37671483 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01038d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin often forms toxic fibrils during production and transportation, which are deposited as amyloids at repeated injection sites in diabetic patients. Distinguishing early fibrils from non-fibrillated insulin is difficult. Herein, we introduce a chemically modified human insulin derivative with a distinct visual colour transition upon aggregation, facilitating insulin quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, UP, India.
| | - Rafat Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, UP, India.
| | - Harminder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, UP, India.
| | - Akanksha Onkar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, UP, India
| | - Pratibha Bhadauriya
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, UP, India
| | - Subramaniam Ganesh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, UP, India
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, UP, India.
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14
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Bajad NG, Kumar A, Singh SK. Recent Advances in the Development of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes for the in Vivo Brain Imaging of Amyloid-β Species in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2955-2967. [PMID: 37574911 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques in the parenchymal and cortical regions of the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients is considered the foremost pathological hallmark of the disease. The early diagnosis of AD is paramount in order to effective management and treatment of the disease. Developing near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) probes targeting Aβ species is a potential and attractive approach suitable for the early and timely diagnosis of AD. The advantages of the NIRF probes over other tools include real-time detection, higher sensitivity, resolution, comparatively inexpensive experimental setup, and noninvasive nature. Currently, enormous progress is being observed in the development of NIRF probes for the in vivo imaging of Aβ species. Several strategies, i.e., the classical push-pull approach, "turn-on" effect, aggregation-induced emission (AIE), and resonance energy transfer (RET), have been exploited for development. We have outlined and discussed the recently emerged NIRF probes with different design strategies targeting Aβ species for ex vivo and in vivo imaging. We believe that understanding the recent development enables the prospect of the rational design of probes and will pave the way for developing future novel probes for early diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Gajanan Bajad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, India
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15
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Chen Y. Two-Photon Fluorescent Probes for Amyloid-β Plaques Imaging In Vivo. Molecules 2023; 28:6184. [PMID: 37687013 PMCID: PMC10488448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide deposition, hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, reactive astrocytes, high levels of metal ions, and upregulated monoamine oxidases are considered to be the primary pathological markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among them, Aβ peptide deposition or Aβ plaques, is regarded as the initial factor in the pathogenesis of AD and a critical pathological hallmark in AD. This review highlights recently Aβ-specific fluorescent probes for two-photon imaging of Aβ plaques in vivo. It includes the synthesis and detection mechanism of probes, as well as their application to two-photon imaging of Aβ plaques in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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16
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Pelle MC, Zaffina I, Giofrè F, Pujia R, Arturi F. Potential Role of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Treatment of Cognitive Decline and Dementia in Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11301. [PMID: 37511061 PMCID: PMC10379573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a permanent illness characterized by mental instability, memory loss, and cognitive decline. Many studies have demonstrated an association between diabetes and cognitive dysfunction that proceeds in three steps, namely, diabetes-associated cognitive decrements, mild cognitive impairment (MCI; both non-amnesic MCI and amnesic MCI), and dementia [both vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD)]. Based on this association, this disease has been designated as type 3 diabetes mellitus. The underlying mechanisms comprise insulin resistance, inflammation, lipid abnormalities, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, glycated end-products and autophagy. Moreover, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have been demonstrated to be involved. Insulin in the brain has a neuroprotective role that alters cognitive skills and alteration of insulin signaling determines beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, in turn promoting brain insulin resistance. In this complex mechanism, other triggers include hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines, which result in neuroinflammation, suggesting that antidiabetic drugs may be potential treatments to protect against AD. Among these, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are the most attractive antidiabetic drugs due to their actions on synaptic plasticity, cognition and cell survival. The present review summarizes the significant data concerning the underlying pathophysiological and pharmacological mechanisms between diabetes and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Pelle
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Isabella Zaffina
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Giofrè
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Pujia
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Franco Arturi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases (CR METDIS), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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17
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Dreos A, Ge J, Najera F, Tebikachew BE, Perez-Inestrosa E, Moth-Poulsen K, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Hanrieder J. Investigating New Applications of a Photoswitchable Fluorescent Norbornadiene as a Multifunctional Probe for Delineation of Amyloid Plaque Polymorphism. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1500-1509. [PMID: 36946692 PMCID: PMC10152485 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques are a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and constitute of structurally heterogenic entities (polymorphs) that have been implicated in the phenotypic heterogeneity of AD pathology and pathogenesis. Understanding amyloid aggregation has been a critical limiting factor to gain understanding of AD pathogenesis, ultimately reflected in that the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We identified a fluorescent probe in the form of a turn-off photoswitchable norbornadiene derivative (NBD1) with several microenvironment-sensitive properties that make it relevant for applications within advanced fluorescence imaging, for example, multifunctional imaging. We explored the application of NBD1 for in situ delineation of structurally heterogenic Aβ plaques in transgenic AD mouse models. NBD1 plaque imaging shows characteristic broader emission bands in the periphery and more narrow emission bands in the dense cores of mature cored plaques. Further, we demonstrate in situ photoisomerization of NBD1 to quadricyclane and thermal recovery in single plaques, which is relevant for applications within both functional and super-resolution imaging. This is the first time a norbornadiene photoswitch has been used as a probe for fluorescence imaging of Aβ plaque pathology in situ and that its spectroscopic and switching properties have been studied within the specific environment of senile Aβ plaques. These findings open the way toward new applications of NBD-based photoswitchable fluorescent probes for super-resolution or dual-color imaging and multifunctional microscopy of amyloid plaque heterogeneity. This could allow to visualize Aβ plaques with resolution beyond the diffraction limit, label different plaque types, and gain insights into their physicochemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Dreos
- Department
of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Instituto
de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma
en Nanomedicina−IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain
| | - Junyue Ge
- Department
of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Francisco Najera
- Instituto
de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma
en Nanomedicina−IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Behabitu Ergette Tebikachew
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ezequiel Perez-Inestrosa
- Instituto
de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma
en Nanomedicina−IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute
of Materials Science of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan
Institution for Research and Advanced Studies ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politecnica
de Catalunya, EEBE, Eduard
Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department
of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical
Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University
Hospital, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department
of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical
Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University
Hospital, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department
of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK
Dementia Research Institute, University
College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Hong
Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong 1512-1518, China
- UW
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Jörg Hanrieder
- Department
of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department
of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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18
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Das B, Mathew AT, Baidya ATK, Devi B, Salmon RR, Kumar R. Artificial intelligence assisted identification of potential tau aggregation inhibitors: ligand- and structure-based virtual screening, in silico ADME, and molecular dynamics study. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10645-3. [PMID: 37022608 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe, growing, multifactorial disorder affecting millions of people worldwide characterized by cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. The accumulation of tau protein into paired helical filaments is one of the major pathological hallmarks of AD and has gained the interest of researchers as a potential drug target to treat AD. Lately, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the drug discovery process by speeding it up and reducing the overall cost. As a part of our continuous effort to identify potential tau aggregation inhibitors, and leveraging the power of AI, in this study, we used a fully automated AI-assisted ligand-based virtual screening tool, PyRMD to screen a library of 12 million compounds from the ZINC database to identify potential tau aggregation inhibitors. The preliminary hits from virtual screening were filtered for similar compounds and pan-assay interference compounds (the compounds containing reactive functional groups which can interfere with the assays) using RDKit. Further, the selected compounds were prioritized based on their molecular docking score with the binding pocket of tau where the binding pockets were identified using replica exchange molecular dynamics simulation. Thirty-three compounds showing good docking scores for all the tau clusters were selected and were further subjected to in silico pharmacokinetic prediction. Finally, top 10 compounds were selected for molecular dynamics simulation and MMPBSA binding free energy calculations resulting in the identification of UNK_175, UNK_1027, UNK_1172, UNK_1173, UNK_1237, UNK_1518, and UNK_2181 as potential tau aggregation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanuranjan Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Alen T Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Anurag T K Baidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Bharti Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Rahul Rampa Salmon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi, 221005, UP, India.
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19
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Gai Z, Li F, Yang X. Electrochemiluinescence monitoring the interaction between human serum albumin and amyloid-β peptide. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 149:108315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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20
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Recent advance on pleiotropic cholinesterase inhibitors bearing amyloid modulation efficacy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114695. [PMID: 36044812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the hugely important roles of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) and amyloid-β (Aβ) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the development of multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) focused on cholinesterase (ChE) and Aβ becomes one of the most attractive strategies for combating AD. To date, numerous preclinical studies toward multifunctional conjugates bearing ChE inhibition and anti-Aβ aggregation have been reported. Noteworthily, most of the reported multifunctional cholinesterase inhibitors are carbamate-based compounds due to the initial properties of carbamate moiety. However, because their easy hydrolysis in vivo and the instability of the compound-enzyme conjugate, the mechanism of action of these compounds is rare. Thus, non-carbamate compounds are of great need for developing novel cholinesterase inhibitors. Besides, given that Aβ accumulation begins to occur 10-15 years before AD onset, modulating Aβ is ineffective only in inhibiting its aggregation but not eliminate the already accumulated Aβ if treatment is started when the patient has been diagnosed as AD. Considering the limitation of current Aβ accumulation modulators in ameliorating cognitive deficits and ineffectiveness of ChE inhibitors in blocking disease progression, the development of a practically valuable strategy with multiple pharmaceutical properties including ChE inhibition and Aβ modulation for treating AD is indispensable. In this review, we focus on summarizing the scaffold characteristics of reported non-carbamate cholinesterase inhibitors with Aβ modulation since 2020, and understanding the ingenious multifunctional drug design ideas to accelerate the pace of obtaining more efficient anti-AD drugs in the future.
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21
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Zhang M, Fu H, Hu W, Leng J, Zhang Y. Versatile Dicyanomethylene-Based Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of β-Amyloid in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Theoretical Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158619. [PMID: 35955758 PMCID: PMC9369443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivated by the growing demand for target chemosensors designed with diagnostic or therapeutic capability for fibrils related to amyloidosis diseases, we investigated in the present work the response mechanism of dicyanomethylene-based fluorescent probes for amyloid fibril using a combined approach, including molecular docking, quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM), and the quantum chemical method. Various binding modes for the probes in β-amyloid (Aβ) are discussed, and the fibril environment-induced molecular optical changes at the most stable site are compared to the fibril-free situation in aqueous environments. The results reveal that the fluorescence enhancement for the probes in Aβ observed experimentally is an average consequence over multiple binding sites. In particular, the conformational difference, including conjugation length and donor effect, significantly contributes to the optical property of the studied probes both in water and fibril. To further estimate the transition nature of the molecular photoabsorption and photoemission processes, the hole-electron distribution and the structural variation on the first excited state of the probes are investigated in detail. On the basis of the calculations, structure–property relationships for the studied chemosensors are established. Our computational approach with the ability to elucidate the available experimental results can be used for designing novel molecular probes with applications to Aβ imaging and the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.
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22
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Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease in the Current State: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094962. [PMID: 35563350 PMCID: PMC9102515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has become a problem, owing to its high prevalence in an aging society with no treatment available after onset. However, early diagnosis is essential for preventive intervention to delay disease onset due to its slow progression. The current AD diagnostic methods are typically invasive and expensive, limiting their potential for widespread use. Thus, the development of biomarkers in available biofluids, such as blood, urine, and saliva, which enables low or non-invasive, reasonable, and objective evaluation of AD status, is an urgent task. Here, we reviewed studies that examined biomarker candidates for the early detection of AD. Some of the candidates showed potential biomarkers, but further validation studies are needed. We also reviewed studies for non-invasive biomarkers of AD. Given the complexity of the AD continuum, multiple biomarkers with machine-learning-classification methods have been recently used to enhance diagnostic accuracy and characterize individual AD phenotypes. Artificial intelligence and new body fluid-based biomarkers, in combination with other risk factors, will provide a novel solution that may revolutionize the early diagnosis of AD.
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